专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（全国通用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 初中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，涵盖科普知识（如太阳能原理、肥皂清洁机制）、传统文化（剪纸、茶文化）、环境保护（动物保护、回收利用）等主题，精选多地区二模真题，注重真实情境与思维能力考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|70题|科普知识（如噬菌体医疗应用、AI植物交流研究）、传统文化（唐代假期习俗、叶雕艺术）、方法建议（习惯养成、数学焦虑应对）|情境具时代性（如《星月夜》科学分析、AI技术应用）；问题梯度分明，含细节理解（如太阳能优势数量）、主旨大意（如段落主要内容）、推理判断（如作者态度），贴合中考真题趋势，融合语言能力与思维品质。|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (2026·安徽省阜阳市·二模) Solar power is a clean source of energy. It works in a simple way. Sunlight reaches solar panels, and the panels turn sunlight into electricity. Then we can use the electricity in homes, schools and factories. Some people think solar power is new, but that is not completely true. People have used the sun for a long time, for example, to dry food and warm houses. Today, we mostly use solar power to make electricity. Solar power is becoming popular for several reasons. First, it does not pollute the air while producing electricity. Second, sunlight is free and will not run out in our lifetime. Third, solar panels are becoming cheaper and easier to use. Some people misunderstand solar power. They think solar panels cannot work on cloudy days at all. In fact, panels can still produce some electricity when the sky is cloudy, though they work better in bright sunlight. However, solar power also has real problems. One problem is that panels need enough space. Another problem is that the sun does not shine at night, so people need batteries or other energy sources. Also, old solar panels must be recycled properly. Solar power is used in more and more countries. It provides more than 25 percent of electricity for some small island areas. As technology improves, solar power may become an even more important part of our daily life. 1．How many advantages of solar power are mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What is a problem with solar power mentioned in the text? A．It is too quiet. B．It never makes electricity. C．It needs enough space. D．It can only be used on islands. 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us? A．How solar power works. B．Why panels are beautiful. C．The history of solar power. D．The disadvantages of solar power. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Solar power is a new kind of energy people just started to use. B．Solar panels cannot produce electricity on cloudy days. C．Solar power can provide more than 25% of electricity for some small island areas. D．The sun shines all the time, so we can use solar power all day and night. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Expensive Solar Panels B．Dangerous Solar Energy C．Popular and Clean Solar Power D．Islands’ Favorite Energy Passage 2 (2026·河南省平顶山市鲁山县第五教研区·二模) “小蝌蚪”的清洁大冒险 Soap is something we use every day to help us keep clean, but few of us think about the science behind its cleaning power. Do you know how soap works? All living things need water. Very small parts called molecules can be “water-loving” or “water-fearing”. Water-loving molecules easily mix with water. When you wash your hands with only water, this kind of dirt (污物) can be taken away. However, oil is water-fearing. Oil and water do not mix. So water alone cannot clean oily hands. Soap is special because each soap molecule has two parts: one loves water, and the other fears it. A soap molecule looks a bit like a tiny tadpole (蝌蚪). Its water-loving part is like the tadpole’s head, and the water-fearing part is just like its long tail. This special shape gives soap its cleaning power. It’s also the key reason why soap can clean what water cannot. When you use soap, the soap molecules are around the dirt. The water-loving parts point out to the water, and the water-fearing parts point into the dirt. In this way, soap molecules form tiny balls with the dirt inside. When you wash your hands with water, these balls are washed away, taking the dirt with them. If you rub (搓) your hands for about 20 seconds, the soap works even better. There are also tiny living things called bacteria (细菌) on our hands. Some bacteria can make us sick. The outside parts of them are very thin. Soap can cut through these thin parts quickly and break them into small pieces, and then running water can easily wash the broken bacteria away. This helps keep our hands clean. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By asking a question about a daily thing. B．By giving the result of a piece of research. C．By comparing soap with other cleaning tools. D．By telling a funny story about cleaning hands. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Why living things need water. B．How water mixes with water-loving dirt. C．Why water can’t clean oily hands. D．How water and oil clean dirt differently. 3．What is special about a soap molecule? A．It is mainly made up of water-loving parts. B．It has a shape that gives it cleaning power. C．It looks like a tiny circle that holds a tadpole. D．It can easily mix with different kinds of bacteria. 4．Why can soap help wash away the bacteria on hands? A．Because it stops the bacteria from growing on hands. B．Because it breaks the thin outside parts of the bacteria. C．Because it mixes the bacteria with oil to form tiny balls. D．Because it turns the bacteria into water-loving molecules. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To describe how to make soap at home. B．To teach us how to wash hands correctly. C．To show why washing hands needs time. D．To explain how soap helps clean our hands. Passage 3 (2026·河南省平顶山市鲁山县第十教研区·二模) Brainspace It may sound very strange, but imagine if giraffe poo (粪便) could save your life. Sounds very silly, but researchers are working to make this come true. Scientists have teamed up with two zoos to study their never-ending collections of poo from animals such as giraffes, tigers and elephants. Why? In hopes of finding new ways to treat bacterial infections (细菌感染). Right now, if you have a condition caused by bacteria, such as an ear infection, you may be given an antibiotic (抗生素) medication. Unluckily, antibiotics have been given to humans so often since they were introduced that they sometimes don’t kill all the bad bacteria; some of the bacteria have become used to them, becoming what are called “superbugs”. This is a really serious problem, as people aren’t getting healthy like they should be and might get terribly sick. Bacteriophages (噬菌体), commonly known as “phages”, could be an answer. Even smaller than bacteria, phages can kill bacteria. They become strong in places like the ocean and human and animal poo. Researchers around the world are studying phages to find out how they could be used instead of antibiotics to keep people safe. The problem is that a specific (特定的) phage can only harm a few kinds of bacteria — sometimes just one kind. This means that researchers are trying to find all kinds of different phages to find out which ones kill which bacteria — and what better place to find new ones than in animal poo! Every day, zookeepers are collecting the poo of over 260 species at the two zoos, and are happy to hand over the results. The scientists are hoping to discover 10,000 new phages over 2 years of study. One day, these might be used to create new treatments for bacterial infections. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why did the scientists team up with zoos? A．To study why antibiotics stop working. B．To find new ways of feeding zoo animals. C．To help zookeepers clean animal houses. D．To collect animal poo for medical research. 2．What are superbugs? A．Bacteria that are helpful to humans. B．Bacteria that cannot be killed by antibiotics. C．Animals that spread dangerous diseases. D．Medicines that no longer treat infections. 3．What’s the problem of using phages as a treatment? A．A phage cannot work on its own. B．Phages are hard to find in nature. C．A phage only kills specific bacteria. D．Phages cannot be stored for long. 4．What is the zookeepers’ attitude (态度) toward the research? A．They are happy to support it. B．They question whether it will work. C．They worry about the animals. D．They are uninterested in the research. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．A fun fact about animals B．A strange but life-saving idea C．A possible use of phages D．A serious and growing problem Passage 4 (2026·广东江门市开平市·二模) Have you ever looked at Vincent van Gogh’s famous painting The Starry Night and felt like the sky was moving? It turns out your eyes weren’t playing tricks on you. ▲ A team of researchers has found that the swirling (旋动的) patterns in van Gogh’s great work are actually very similar to the real movement of air in the sky! The researchers used clever methods to study van Gogh’s brushstrokes. They found that these patterns match two important ideas in the study of how water and gases move. Don’t worry if these terms sound abstruse—let’s explain them in an easy way. One of these ideas, called Kolmogorov’s law, describes how energy moves from larger to smaller parts in a moving fluid (流体). Imagine a big swirl breaking down into smaller and smaller ones. This is what happens in the sky and oceans ... and amazingly, it’s exactly what van Gogh’s brushstrokes show in The Starry Night. Finding this pattern in a painting is uncommon, which makes the discovery even more exciting. “It shows that van Gogh had a deep and natural understanding of nature,” says Yongxiang Huang, the head of the study. This research also brings new chances for the intersection of art and science. It proves that beauty and scientific truth aren’t mutually exclusive (相互排斥的)—in fact, they might be more closely connected than we realize. So, the next time you look at The Starry Night, remember that you’re not just seeing a beautiful painting. You’re also seeing a picture of the swirling, moving dance of the atmosphere—a perfect mix of art and science. 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 1? A．It’s just a special feeling. B．There’s a scientific reason. C．Van Gogh painted skillfully. D．The painting is hard to copy. 2．What does the word “abstruse” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Hard to understand. B．Easy to explain. C．Interesting to learn. D．Important to remember. 3．Which of the following best shows Kolmogorov’s law? A．B．C． D． 4．What is the purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To stress the importance of the discovery. B．To describe the beauty of nature. C．To praise the great talent of van Gogh. D．To explain the steps of the research. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Van Gogh: A Pioneer of Turbulence Research B．Van Gogh: A Talented Artist and A Natural Scientist C．The Starry Night: Beauty Meets Scientific Truth D．The Starry Night: Art Teaches Atmospheric Physics Passage 5 (2026·河南省平顶山市鲁山县第九教研区·二模) When you think of recycling (回收利用), you may imagine old newspapers being made into notebooks. But not all recycling works like this. Sometimes the old material (材料) is reused,but the new thing is not as good as before. This is called down-cycling. Downcycling means turning old materials into things of lower value. For example, plastic bottles can be made into thin threads. These threads can be used to make clothes, but they cannot be turned back into bottles. Over time, the threads lose their value and become waste. The word “downcycling” became widely known from the book Cradle to Cradle. The two writers of it said that downcycling is not perfect because it makes the life of materials shorter. However, it is better than burning waste or hiding it underground. It lets us use the same material more than once and saves natural materials. To understand downcycling better, we can compare it with other kinds of recycling. Traditional recycling creates a new thing that is similar to the original. For example, old glass can become new glass bottles. Upcycling makes the product even better—used tyres, for example,  can be turned into furniture. Downcycling is between them. It saves energy and natural materials, but the new thing is not as salutary as before. Downcycling can be found in many common materials. Paper gets worse each time it is recycled.After a few times, it can only be used for thick paper boxes. Plastics can become threads for clothes or floor coverings.  Metals (金属) can be made into cheaper things, like thin metal lines. These examples show how downcycling works and why it still helps us deal with waste. Though downcycling isn’t perfect, it’s a wise and practical choice.  It cuts down on waste, saves resources, and helps us move towards a more sustainable (可持续的) and eco-friendly world. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can help us tell if something is downcycling? A．The lower value. B．The kind of materials. C．The price of products. D．The way of dealing with waste. 2．What did the two writers of Cradle to Cradle think of downcycling? A．It’s popular worldwide. B．It’s not perfect but helpful. C．It’s worse than burning waste. D．It’s useless for saving resources. 3．What does the underlined word“salutary” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Heavy. B．Expensive. C．Colorful. D．Useful. 4．How does the writer try to help us understand downcycling? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 5．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度)  towards downcycling? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Doubtful. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 (2026·河南平顶山市鲁山县第九教研区第十九初级中学等校·二模) THE BEST WAYS KIDS CAN SAVE ANIMALSDo you love animals and wish you could do more to help them? Well, you can! And you’ve already started just by reading this list. Be a Lifesaver for Dogs and Cats Be sure to ask your parents to call animal control right away if you see any animals in dangerous situations. Keep Animals Out of Your Closet It’s easy to help animals by always checking the clothing’s label (标签) and asking your parents to buy only fur-free (不含皮毛的) clothes! Raise Homeless Animals If your family is thinking about welcoming a new family member into your home, (and you have enough time, space, and money to do so) you can raise those homeless animals instead of buying pets. Let Birds Fly Free Never run after birds at the beach or in the park. Or they will be afraid of you. Be Nice to Insects Insects are really cool-seriously! Ants, for example, can carry up to 20 times their body weight and have been on the earth for more than 100 million years. However, some ants are dangerous to humans. People could use natural objects like garlic (蒜) to keep them away instead of killing them. See more information, click here! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．If a dog is stuck in a car on a hot day, what should a kid do according to the text? A．Stay with the dog. B．Break the car window. C．Ask parents for help. D．Call the traffic police. 2．What should we do to protect animals when buying clothes? A．Buy fashionable clothes with nice pictures. B．Look at the tag and choose clothes without fur. C．Buy soft and comfortable clothes for ourselves. D．Choose expensive clothes made of good material. 3．What does the writer suggest people do if they want to have a pet? A．Raise a homeless animal. B．Borrow a pet from a friend. C．Keep a wild animal as a pet. D．Buy a cute pet from a pet shop. 4．Which of the following shows the right way to treat dangerous ants? A．B． C． D． 5．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A magazine. B．A website. C．A story book. D．A guidebook. Passage 2 (2026·河南省周口市·二模) Traditional Chinese culture is rich and colorful, and paper-cutting is one of the most famous traditional folk arts. It has a history of more than 1,500 years and is popular all over China, especially in northern areas like Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi. Paper-cutting is usually made with red paper and scissors. Craftsmen cut different patterns on paper, such as flowers, birds, animals, historical stories and lucky Chinese characters. Red stands for happiness and good luck in Chinese culture, so red paper-cutting is often used during Spring Festival, weddings and other important festivals. People stick paper-cuttings on windows, doors and walls to wish for a happy life and good luck in the new year. In the past, paper-cutting was a necessary skill for most women. Little girls learned it from their mothers and grandmothers when they were young. They made paper-cuttings for their families and neighbors. But as time goes by, fewer young people are willing to learn this traditional skill because of busy study and modern entertainment ways. To protect this precious folk art, many schools in Henan have set up paper-cutting clubs. Teachers invite local paper-cutting artists to give lessons to students. Students learn basic cutting skills and create their own works. Some students even take part in paper-cutting competitions and win prizes. Also, paper-cutting works are sold as special gifts to foreign friends, helping spread Chinese traditional culture to the world. Paper-cutting is not only a kind of art but also a symbol of Chinese culture. It carries people’s best wishes and traditional customs. It is our duty to inherit and develop this old folk art so that it can last forever. 1．How many years of history does paper-cutting have? A．Over 1,000 years. B．Over 1,500 years. C．Over 2,000 years. D．Over 2,500 years. 2．What color of paper is mostly used for paper-cutting? A．White. B．Yellow. C．Red. D．Blue. 3．Why do people use paper-cutting during festivals? A．To decorate classrooms. B．To show artistic talent. C．To wish for happiness and good luck. D．To sell for money. 4．What do many Henan schools do to protect paper-cutting? A．Build paper-cutting museums. B．Set up paper-cutting clubs. C．Send students to learn abroad. D．Make paper-cuttings for sale. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards paper-cutting? A．Worried and hopeful. B．Bored and careless. C．Doubtful and unsure. D．Surprised and funny. 主题03 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 (2026·河南周口市项城市·联考) Chinese tea culture is one of the most valuable parts of traditional Chinese culture, with a history of more than 4,000 years. China is widely known as the hometown of tea. For thousands of years, tea has never been only a kind of daily drink for Chinese people. It carries traditional manners, life attitudes and deep cultural meanings in people’s daily life. There are many main kinds of Chinese traditional tea, including green tea, black tea, oolong tea and white tea. Each kind has its own growing environment, taste and health functions. People in different areas of China have different drinking habits. In most southern places, people love drinking green tea in hot summer, because it can help cool down the body and clear away tiredness. In cold northern areas, people prefer strong black tea to keep warm in winter and make their body comfortable on cold days. Drinking tea has long been an important way of social communication in China. When guests come to visit home, Chinese people will make hot tea to show warmth and respect. Tea houses are popular public places where people can chat with friends, relax themselves and make new friends. Drinking a cup of light tea quietly can calm down people’s mood and let them stay away from busy life pressure. In recent years, Chinese tea culture has gradually spread all over the world. More and more foreign visitors and young people become interested in Chinese tea and tea-making skills. They buy tea gifts, learn traditional tea culture and even open tea shops in their own countries. Tea has become an important cultural bridge that helps the whole world know more about China’s history, tradition and polite manners. 1．How long is the history of Chinese tea culture? A．Over 3,000 years. B．Over 4,000 years. C．Over 5,000 years. D．Over 6,000 years. 2．How many kinds of tea are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．Why do southern people drink green tea in summer? A．To keep warm. B．To cool down. C．To sleep better. D．To lose weight. 4．What do people often do in tea houses? A．Chat and relax. B．Do school homework. C．Sell all kinds of food. D．Learn foreign languages. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Tea is only a common drink in China. B．Foreigners show no interest in Chinese tea. C．Tea culture helps spread Chinese culture worldwide. D．People drink tea in the same way all over China. Passage 2 (2026·四川泸州市龙马潭区·二模) Many of us think extended national holidays are a modern idea, but China had a similar 7-day holiday over a thousand years ago, during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), around Qingming Festival (Tomb-Sweeping Day). Let’s take a closer look at how people in the Tang Dynasty spent this special ancient “Golden Week”. In the Tang Dynasty, Qingming Festival was not just a single day off. It was combined with the Cold Food Festival, which was usually held one or two days before Qingming, forming a continuous 7-day holiday. The Cold Food Festival came from the legend of Jie Zitui, a loyal man in ancient China, and it required people not to use fire or eat hot food. Some people also believed that this custom could help avoid fires in the dry spring season. This “no-fire” tradition mixed with Qingming’s main customs — visiting ancestors’ tombs and enjoying beautiful spring scenery — making the 7-day holiday both meaningful and pleasant. Even the imperial court (朝廷) joined in the celebrations, holding grand polo matches (马球比赛) for people to watch and enjoy. Not using fire was an important part of this holiday. For about three days, starting from the Cold Food Festival, people were not allowed to light fire at all. Then, on Qingming evening, a special ceremony called “Fetching New Fire” was held. Families would use branches (树枝) to get new fire from a designated place, so they could cook hot meals again. During the Tang Dynasty, this custom developed into a formal ceremony: the emperor would give new fire to his officials as a precious gift, which symbolized the emperor’s kindness and the start of new and good things. 1．What does the underlined word extended mean in paragraph 1? A．Short. B．Long. C．Free. D．Old. 2．What formed the 7-day holiday in the Tang Dynasty? A．Qingming Festival. B．Fire rules in spring. C．The emperor’s order. D．Qingming and Cold Food Festival. 3．What was not allowed in the Cold Food Festival? A．Enjoying spring scenery. B．Watching the polo match. C．Using fire and eating hot food. D．Visiting ancestors’ tombs. 4．What did the Tang emperor do with new fire? A．Used it for the ball games. B．Gave it to officials as a gift. C．Sold it to common people. D．Kept it for the palace only. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．It describes royal activities held in the Tang Dynasty. B．It introduces fire prevention ways in the Tang Dynasty. C．It compares two traditional festivals in the Tang Dynasty. D．It shows holiday history and customs in the Tang Dynasty. Passage 3 (2026·山东省济南市商河县·二模) Leaf carving is an ancient form of folk art in China. Artists use natural fallen leaves to create wonderful works. This art is special because artists follow the leaves’ natural shapes and vein lines (纹路) to work. I first watched leaf carving in the studio of Chen Lining, a famous artist in Jiaozuo, Henan. He sat quietly with a brush and a small knife, focusing all his attention on a big leaf. The common fallen leaf seemed to get a new life in his hands. Chen Lining told us that making a leaf carving has simple steps: choosing leaves, carving, polishing and pressing. First, pick suitable leaves. The best leaves have clear veins, a wide surface and even small holes. These natural marks are perfect for carving. After choosing leaves, wash them carefully and put them in water to keep them soft. Dry leaves break easily, so this step is very important. The hardest part is carving. Artists watch the natural vein lines closely and use a small knife to cut out beautiful patterns little by little. This work needs a steady (平稳的) hand and a long-term focus. One small mistake can break the whole leaf and waste the work. When carving is finished, workers polish the leaf and press it flat. Finally, a common fallen leaf turns into a wonderful art piece. With careful hands and good skills, they make lovely and amazing patterns on thin leaves. Leaf carving tells us that small and common fallen leaves can become special and beautiful artworks. It is a perfect way to mix nature and art together. We just need creative ideas and love for nature. 1．What makes leaf carving special according to Paragraph 1? A．Artists only use green leaves. B．Artists dry the leaves before carving. C．Artists paint beautiful pictures on the leaves. D．Artists follow the leaves’ natural shapes and vein lines. 2．Why do artists put the chosen leaves in water? A．To make them colorful. B．To keep them soft. C．To make the veins clearer. D．To clean the leaves. 3．Which question does Paragraph 3 mainly answer? A．Why do artists put leaves in water? B．Where can people learn leaf carving? C．What are the steps to make a leaf carving? D．Who is the most famous leaf carving artist? 4．What is the hardest part of making leaf carving? A．Polishing the leaf. B．Carving the patterns. C．Pressing the leaf flat. D．Choosing suitable leaves. 5．What does the writer want to tell us? A．To study different kinds of leaves. B．To encourage people to do leaf carving. C．To show the difficulty of leaf carving. D．To have a creative mind and love nature. 主题01 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (2026·河南省周口市沈丘县两校·二模) With the fast development of science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has become part of our daily life. AI is widely used in many fields such as education, transportation, medical care and daily service. It changes our life in many surprising ways. In education, AI learning platforms are very popular now. Students can take online classes, do homework and check answers on AI apps. The AI system can record students’ learning situation, find out their weak points and give personalized learning advice. Teachers can also use AI to correct homework quickly and save lots of time. It makes learning and teaching more efficient and convenient. In transportation, self-driving cars controlled by AI have come into people’s sight. They can judge road conditions, avoid dangers and drive safely without human control. In some big cities, AI buses have been put into use. They help reduce traffic accidents and make public transportation smarter. In daily life, we can meet AI everywhere. Smart speakers can play music, tell stories and answer our questions. Smart robots can help people clean houses, cook simple meals and look after the old and children. Many shopping malls use AI robots to guide customers and introduce products. However, AI also brings some problems. Some people worry that AI will take the place of human jobs. Others are worried about personal information safety when using AI products. Every coin has two sides. We should use AI in a proper way, make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages. AI is the future of technology. As middle school students, we should learn more knowledge about science and technology, keep up with the times and make good use of AI to create a better life. 1．Where is AI NOT used according to the passage? A．Education. B．Medical care. C．Farming only. D．Transportation. 2．What can AI learning platforms do for students? A．Do all homework for students. B．Give personalized learning advice. C．Replace all teachers at school. D．Play games with students all day. 3．What advantage do self-driving cars have? A．They cost no money. B．They can avoid traffic dangers. C．They need no roads. D．They can fly in the sky. 4．What problem does AI bring? A．It makes people lazy. B．It may take human jobs. C．It is too easy to learn. D．It can’t work at night. 5．What does the writer advise students to do? A．Refuse to use AI products. B．Only focus on school exams. C．Learn tech knowledge and use AI properly. D．Buy as many AI products as possible. Passage 2 (2026·云南省昆明市盘龙区·复习监测) Have you ever thought that a tree might be trying to tell us something? With the help of AI, scientists are beginning to open the hidden world of plant communication. People used to think plants were quiet and did not talk. But now, scientists find that is not true. For example, if a plant is in danger, it can put special things into the air to warn their neighbours. Some plants can even feel when insects are eating them. Plants have their own secret ways of “talking”. They use smells and very quiet sounds that people can’t easily find. This is where AI becomes a powerful tool. Scientists use the tool to research plants. They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape to perceive what the plant is doing. For example, scientists can teach AI to know the special sound a tomato plant makes when it needs water. AI can learn the “stress sound” a tree makes when it is sick. The future is exciting. Think about a time when AI can understand plant sounds for farmers. Then, farmers will know when their plants need water or when insects are eating them. This can help farmers use less water and fewer chemicals. Some scientists even want to make a “Plant Translator”. With it, we could hear when a plant is happy because it has enough water, or when a forest is in danger because it is too dry. Of course, this technology is still new. Understanding the full language of plants is a huge challenge. But the goal is not to have a conversation with a rose. It is to learn to be better listeners to the natural world. By using AI to understand plants, we can learn to care for our planet in a smarter and more respectful way. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving suggestions. 2．What can some plants do to warn their neighbours according to paragraph 2? A．Make loud noises. B．Move their leaves quickly. C．Change their colours. D．Put special things into the air. 3．What does the underlined word “perceive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Enjoy. B．Mind. C．Prevent. D．Understand. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Plants are quiet and can’t talk at all. B．AI can find that a tree is sick through its taste. C．A “Plant Translator” may help farmers grow plants better. D．People will know the full language of plants easily in the near future. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Use of AI in Understanding Plants B．The Problems of AI in Growing Plants C．The Talks between Humans and Animals D．The Difference between Plants and Animals 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (2026·河南省驻马店市西平县学业水平调研·二模) As the life blood of Chinese culture, the Changjiang River has brought unique charm (魅力) to the world. It runs through China and brings many cities rich resources and beautiful sights. Among all these cities, Yichang in Hubei Province is a shining pearl. Yichang is well-known as the global capital of hydropower (水电). It is home to two famous dams (坝): the Gezhouba Dam, the first large dam on the Changjiang River, and the Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest hydropower project. These two dams play an important role in China. Yichang covers only a small part of China’s land area. However, it provides clean electricity for most parts of our country. The sound of the dams isn’t just the running of machines. It is the green heartbeat of the Changjiang River. It stands for China’s efforts in developing low-carbon energy and protecting the Changjiang River’s ecology (生态). In recent years, the Changjiang River’s environment has improved greatly. The Changjiang finless porpoise (江豚) once nearly died out, but has made a great comeback. These “smiling angels of the Changjiang” gather in groups, playing happily in the river. Now, people can often see them in the Changjiang River and take photos of them. Besides its beautiful nature and great projects, Yichang also has a long cultural history. Over 2,300 years ago, the great poet Qu Yuan lived here and wrote his famous work Tian Wen. This great masterpiece shows the questioning and exploring spirit of Chinese people. What’s more, Changjiang’s oranges are popular around the world, carrying the city’s warmth to every corner of the globe. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What makes Yichang known as the global capital of hydropower? A．Its long cultural history and famous people. B．The Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam. C．The large amount of gas it produces. D．Its beautiful sights and valuable animals. 2．What does the writer compare the sound of the dams to? A．The running of machines. B．The smiling angels of the Changjiang River. C．The green heartbeat of the Changjiang River. D．The spirit of Chinese people. 3．What can we know about the Changjiang finless porpoises? A．They still face the danger of dying out. B．They are easier to be seen than before. C．They only live near the Three Gorges Dam. D．They are harmful to the river’s environment. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．The Gezhouba Dam is the first large dam on the Changjiang River. B．Yichang covers a large part of China’s land area. C．People can eat the Changjiang finless porpoise. D．Qu Yuan wrote Tian Wen more than 230 years ago. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare the Gezhouba Dam with the Three Gorges Dam. B．To explain how to build hydropower projects along the Changjiang River. C．To describe the living habits of the Changjiang finless porpoise. D．To introduce Yichang’s dams, environment and cultural history. Passage 2 (2026·山东济南市长清区·阶段检测) Shopping for down jackets (羽绒服) in summer will save you a lot of money. The information below will help you choose down jackets of high quality. What makes down jackets warm? Down cluster (绒子) Down cluster content (充绒量) ≥50% a down jacket <50% not a down jacket A down jacket keeps you warm by trapping air in its fluffy (毛茸茸的) filling. This air forms a warm layer (层) that holds in your body heat. What should you check when choosing a down jacket? ✓ The quality standard on the tag (标签) should be GB/T14272-2021. ✓ Fill weight: the total weight of the down in the jacket. With 100g or less filling Only good for temperatures around 0℃ With more than 200g filling Good for temperatures around -20℃ ✓ Down cluster content For most people, 75% down cluster content is enough to stay warm. ✓ Touch Press down on the down jacket and then let go. If it quickly goes back to its original shape, it means the jacket is very fluffy and will keep you warmer. ✓ Smell A down jacket that smells bad has low-quality filling. Types and colors of down Q1: ▲ A1: No! Goose down is as warm as duck down. Goose down jackets are more expensive because geese produce less down than ducks. Q2: Is white duck down warmer than grey duck down? A2: No! They are both equally warm. 1．What percent of down cluster content does a down jacket have at least? A．25%. B．50%. C．75%. D．100%. 2．Which of the following ISN’T necessary to check when choosing a down jacket? A．The colors of down. B．Down cluster content. C．Smell of the filling. D．The quality standard. 3．If you’re going to a place where the temperature is -19℃, what fill weight should you look for? A．80g. B．150g. C．180g. D．220g. 4．Which of the following sentences can be put in ▲ ? A．Is a goose down jacket always more expensive? B．Is goose down warmer than duck down? C．How to check the quality of a down jacket? D．Can down jackets be worn in summer? 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people why down jackets can keep people warm. B．To encourage customers to buy down jackets in summer. C．To warn sellers not to sell fake down jackets. D．To explain how to choose high-quality down jackets. Passage 3 (2026·山东济南市长清区·阶段检测) As spring arrives, the world wakes up. We feel the warm sunshine kissing our cheeks and the soft wind brushing through our hair. While enjoying the beautiful scenery, we are actually using our most powerful sense—touch. Our sense of touch comes from our skin, the largest organ of the human body. Unlike other organs, the skin acts as a messenger station. It is covered with tiny receptors that work day and night. When you touch a smooth stone or a cold stream, these receptors (感受器) catch the messages and send them directly to your brain. Some parts of your skin have lots of these receptors so they are very sensitive (敏感的), like your fingertips. Other parts don’t have that many, so they aren’t that sensitive like the skin on your arms. So we need to press harder to feel the same texture. As mammals, humans have fine hairs on their skin. These hairs are almost invisible to the naked eye, but they play a hidden role. They help us detect changes in the air pressure and temperature, making our sense of touch even more accurate. We often take touch for granted, but it is irreplaceable. When people lose other senses, touch often steps up to help. For example, blind people use their fingertips to read Braille (盲文). They also rely on walking sticks to feel the road conditions and avoid dangers. This shows how clever the human body is, as different senses work together like a team. Spring is a gift for all our senses. Next time you go outside, take a moment to touch the grass and the flowers. You will not only enjoy the beauty of nature but also appreciate the amazing function of your largest organ. 1．According to the passage, which part of the body is most sensitive to touch? A．The cheek. B．The fingertip. C．The arm. D．The hair. 2．Which one shows the relationship between the numbers of receptors(x) and sensitivity(y) (灵敏度)? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “irreplaceable” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Useless. B．Dangerous. C．Unique. D．Uncomfortable. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The skin sends messages to the brain through receptors. B．The hairs on our skin are easy to see and very strong. C．Blind people can only get help from their sense of hearing. D．The skin is the smallest organ in the human body. 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．To tell us how to keep our skin healthy. B．To encourage us to enjoy spring with senses. C．To explain the history of Braille. D．To compare different senses in spring. Passage 4 (2026·山东省济南市市中区·二模) The new school year has come. Who will be your new classmates? Will you sit alone or in pairs? In fact, there are many different classroom seating arrangements (排列). And every seating arrangement has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let’s take a look at some of them. Traditional SeatingStudents sit in individual rows facing the front. This seating arrangement helps students listen to the teacher carefully. But it makes group discussion and peer interaction (互动) difficult. Paired SeatingTwo desks are put together. Students sit side by side. Sitting in pairs allows students to discuss and cooperate with their desk mates. However, during the discussion, some students may chat with their partners instead of staying on task. Group SeatingStudents sit in small groups, facing each other. This arrangement is great for either large classes or small classrooms. It is good for group discussions and cooperation. But there is a problem that some students may leave all the work to others when they are doing group work. ▲ U-Shape SeatingDesks are arranged in a U-shape, creating an open space in the middle. This allows the teacher to move around freely and interact with students easily. However, it takes up more classroom space. 1．Which seating arrangement is best for students to pay attention to the teacher? A．Traditional Seating. B．Paired Seating. C．Group Seating. D．U-Shape Seating. 2．In Paired Seating, what may cause some students to lose focus in class? A．Sitting far from the teacher. B．Talking about things outside class. C．Failing to understand the task. D．Having no clear role in pair tasks. 3．Which of the following sentences best fits ▲ ? A．Someone may feel left out. B．Everyone knows what to do. C．Not everyone can play a part. D．All students take part actively. 4．What is one advantage of U-Shape Seating? A．It helps students sit in rows. B．It’s easy for the teacher to move around. C．It is good for group discussion. D．It does not need much classroom space. 5．What best expresses the writer’s opinion? A．One size fits all. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Seeing is believing. D．Every coin has two sides. 主题02 人与自然——动植物 Passage 1 (2026·河南省周口市郸城县白马镇第三中学·二模) The Magic of Green Plants Green plants are the most important living things on the earth. They play an irreplaceable role in protecting our environment and keeping ecological balance. Without green plants, humans and animals could not survive at all. Firstly, green plants can produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. Through photosynthesis, they take in the carbon dioxide we breathe out and release fresh oxygen. It is like a natural air purifier for the whole planet. Secondly, plants can prevent soil erosion. The roots of plants hold the soil tightly, stopping rainwater from washing away the earth, especially on mountains and hills. Besides, green plants can cool the air and reduce noise. In summer, woods and grasslands are much cooler than streets and buildings. Trees and bushes can also block loud noises from cars and factories, making our living environment quieter and more comfortable. What’s more, many plants can provide food, medicine and materials for humans. Fruits, vegetables and grains all come from plants, and many Chinese traditional medicines are made from plant roots and leaves. However, with the development of cities, more trees are cut down and green land is reduced. Air pollution and sandstorms are becoming more serious. It’s our duty to protect green plants. We can plant trees every year, save paper and avoid destroying grass and flowers around us. Protecting green plants is protecting our own home. 1．What is the main function of photosynthesis of plants? A．Making food for animals. B．Producing oxygen and absorbing CO₂. C．Stopping sandstorms. D．Cooling the surrounding air. 2．What can plant roots do? A．Purify air. B．Reduce noise. C．Hold the soil. D．Produce medicine. 3．How many types of functions of green plants are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 4．Which of the following is NOT true? A．Green plants help keep ecological balance. B．Plants can make our living place quieter. C．All medicines are made from green plants. D．Cutting down too many trees causes pollution. 5．What does the writer advise us to do? A．Use more paper. B．Move to the countryside. C．Protect and plant green plants. D．Build more tall buildings. Passage 2 (2026·河北石家庄市桥西区·二模) Animals need to send and receive messages with each other like humans. This communication may be to tell others where food is or warn them of danger. Animals communicate to attract mates (配偶) or compete. They also use forms of communication to show feelings such as happiness, sadness, or anger. But how do animals communicate? In movies, animals may talk in language that is clear to humans. But this is not how animals in nature communicate. In fact, animals use many different ways to communicate. The most common way that animals communicate is through sound. For example, some monkeys give out loud alarm calls. If the monkey spots a snake, it will give out an alarm call for all the other monkeys to climb into the trees. Another example is the dolphin. Every dolphin has a different sound so others can know who it is. This is similar to calling someone by his or her name. A second way animals communicate is through touch. For example, giraffes will wrap (缠绕) their necks together if they like each other. Horses touch their noses together as a sign that they are comfortable with another horse. Some monkeys will touch their hands together to say “Hello.” Another type of animal communication is through nonverbal signals (非语言信号). For example, those with a pet dog will know how a dog happily moves its tail. A cat that is scared or feels that it is in danger will stand with its back high. Bees also use a kind of nonverbal communication. They can dance in certain forms to tell others where and how far food is. 1．What are the main purposes of animal communication? ①To copy human language. ②To share the location of food. ③To compete with other animals. ④To express feelings. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 2．Which word is close to the underlined word “spots”? A．Sees. B．Follows. C．Hides. D．Protects. 3．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．Dogs express happiness by moving their tails. B．Giraffes wrap their necks together if they like each other. C．Horses often touch their noses as a sign of comfort. D．The dance of bees is a smart form of communication. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the text? (① = Paragraph 1, …) A．B． C． D． 5．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Why Animals Need to Communicate B．How Animals Communicate with Each Other C．When Animals Use Body Language D．What Makes Animal Communication Special 主题04 人与社会——方法建议 Passage 1 (2026·河北唐山市乐亭县·二模) You’ve made New Year’s resolutions (新年计划) —maybe to learn the guitar, read more books, or get fit. But achieving New Year’s resolutions isn’t easy. A study shows that fewer than 25% of Americans stick to their resolutions after one month, and fewer than 10% finally achieve them. So, how can we make these good habits last? The most important way to form a habit is repetition. That means doing the same action in the same situation over and over again. For example, if you want to start running, do it every morning before breakfast. Have a consistent (一贯的) “cue”. A cue is something that reminds you to act. For example, after you get dressed in the morning, put on your running shoes right away. This creates a strong connection between the cue and the action in your mind, which makes it easier to turn into a habit. Planning also helps. A study found that up to 70% of missed goals are missed because people just forget to do them. So be specific about when, where and how you will perform the habit. For example, instead of saying, “I’ll exercise,” say, “I’ll do 15 minutes of yoga in the living room at 7 a.m.” Another good suggestion for forming habits is to focus on small, simple things first. Drinking a full glass of water every morning is easier to turn into a habit than going to the gym daily, for example. But once you succeed in smaller habits, you can build on them. In short, the key to sticking with good habits is to put the advice into practice: start now, make good habits routine (惯例), and never give up. 1．What percent of Americans failed to achieve their New Year’s resolutions? A．Fewer than 25%. B．More than 75%. C．Fewer than 10%. D．More than 90%. 2．How does the writer support his idea? A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By listing numbers. 3．What does the underlined word “specific” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Clear. B．Careful. C．Serious. D．Nervous. 4．What is the structure (结构) of the text? (① = Paragraph 1, …) A．①②/③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤⑥ 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Developing Habits B．Reasons for Failing to Form Habits C．Ways of Forming Lasting Habits D．Suggestions on Achieving Success Passage 2 (2026·河南省驻马店汝南县部分学校·二模) 数学焦虑困住你了吗? Do you consider yourself a “math person”? Many students quickly say no. Research shows that feelings about math are shaped more by experiences and feelings than by the natural ability. Some students feel worried when doing tasks like planning how to use pocket money or adding up scores during games.  These feelings are signs of math anxiety (焦虑). Math anxiety often lowers school performance and makes it harder to develop useful skills. Why does math anxiety have such an influence? One key reason is that math anxiety often triggers avoidance. For example, students who have math anxiety may put off homework, cut classes, or choose courses with less math required. Avoidance brings comfort for a moment, but it makes learning harder. Dealing with avoidance early can help prevent longer-term difficulties in school and future work. A promising way to solve this problem is to use ideas from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT, 认知行为疗法), which teaches people to notice negative (消极的) thoughts that cause anxiety and face difficult situations little by little. Based on these ideas from CBT, students can also use simple ways to build confidence. One is to practice math as fast or as slowly as they can without worrying about grades or deadlines. Start with small steps like reviewing basic ideas or solving easy problems. It can make math easier to manage. Another way is to use math in everyday situations. Activities like adding up costs for a project let students use math in familiar ways. With repeated practice in real situations, fear decreases, and students feel more in control and less likely to avoid math. Math anxiety is not something to be afraid of, and it can be reduced (减少) through practice. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Who is probably experiencing math anxiety according to the text? A．Harrison, who wastes pocket money on useless things. B．Cindy, who cares deeply about what others think of her. C．Ann, who worries about adding up scores during games. D．Stephen, who has trouble noticing his negative thoughts. 2．Which of the following can take the place of “triggers” in the text? A．cancels B．breaks C．requires D．causes 3．What does CBT encourage students to do? A．Face difficulties little by little. B．Correct their own mistakes. C．Develop new and useful skills. D．Leave their troubles behind. 4．How does the writer introduce ways to build confidence? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 5．新考法判断作者的观点  Which of the following would the writer most probably agree? A．Math anxiety will disappear naturally over time. B．Taking practical action helps reduce math anxiety. C．Feeling afraid of math anxiety helps in some ways. D．Feelings about math are shaped by the natural ability. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (2026·安徽省阜阳市·二模) Solar power is a clean source of energy. It works in a simple way. Sunlight reaches solar panels, and the panels turn sunlight into electricity. Then we can use the electricity in homes, schools and factories. Some people think solar power is new, but that is not completely true. People have used the sun for a long time, for example, to dry food and warm houses. Today, we mostly use solar power to make electricity. Solar power is becoming popular for several reasons. First, it does not pollute the air while producing electricity. Second, sunlight is free and will not run out in our lifetime. Third, solar panels are becoming cheaper and easier to use. Some people misunderstand solar power. They think solar panels cannot work on cloudy days at all. In fact, panels can still produce some electricity when the sky is cloudy, though they work better in bright sunlight. However, solar power also has real problems. One problem is that panels need enough space. Another problem is that the sun does not shine at night, so people need batteries or other energy sources. Also, old solar panels must be recycled properly. Solar power is used in more and more countries. It provides more than 25 percent of electricity for some small island areas. As technology improves, solar power may become an even more important part of our daily life. 1．How many advantages of solar power are mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What is a problem with solar power mentioned in the text? A．It is too quiet. B．It never makes electricity. C．It needs enough space. D．It can only be used on islands. 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us? A．How solar power works. B．Why panels are beautiful. C．The history of solar power. D．The disadvantages of solar power. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Solar power is a new kind of energy people just started to use. B．Solar panels cannot produce electricity on cloudy days. C．Solar power can provide more than 25% of electricity for some small island areas. D．The sun shines all the time, so we can use solar power all day and night. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Expensive Solar Panels B．Dangerous Solar Energy C．Popular and Clean Solar Power D．Islands’ Favorite Energy 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文从多个维度全面介绍了太阳能这种清洁能源，包括发电原理、常见误解、优势、目前存在的问题以及应用现状与发展前景。 【详解】1．根据第三段中“First, it does not pollute the air ... Second, sunlight is free ... Third, solar panels are becoming cheaper ...”可知，该段明确列举了太阳能的三个优点。 1．根据第五段中“One problem is that panels need enough space.”可知，太阳能板需要足够的空间是太阳能目前存在的实际问题之一。 2．第五段首句“However, solar power also has real problems.”开门见山地指出了该段主要讨论太阳能存在的问题（即缺点），随后列举了太阳能板占用空间、夜间无法发电及回收问题。 3．根据第六段中“It provides more than 25 percent of electricity for some small island areas.”可知，太阳能可以为一些小岛地区提供超过25%的电力，与选项C表述一致。 4．通读全文，文章第一段提到太阳能是“clean source”，第三段提到它“becoming popular”，随后介绍了其优缺点及应用前景。选项C“Popular and Clean Solar Power”最能概括文章关于太阳能清洁且日益普及的主题。 Passage 2 (2026·河南省平顶山市鲁山县第五教研区·二模) “小蝌蚪”的清洁大冒险 Soap is something we use every day to help us keep clean, but few of us think about the science behind its cleaning power. Do you know how soap works? All living things need water. Very small parts called molecules can be “water-loving” or “water-fearing”. Water-loving molecules easily mix with water. When you wash your hands with only water, this kind of dirt (污物) can be taken away. However, oil is water-fearing. Oil and water do not mix. So water alone cannot clean oily hands. Soap is special because each soap molecule has two parts: one loves water, and the other fears it. A soap molecule looks a bit like a tiny tadpole (蝌蚪). Its water-loving part is like the tadpole’s head, and the water-fearing part is just like its long tail. This special shape gives soap its cleaning power. It’s also the key reason why soap can clean what water cannot. When you use soap, the soap molecules are around the dirt. The water-loving parts point out to the water, and the water-fearing parts point into the dirt. In this way, soap molecules form tiny balls with the dirt inside. When you wash your hands with water, these balls are washed away, taking the dirt with them. If you rub (搓) your hands for about 20 seconds, the soap works even better. There are also tiny living things called bacteria (细菌) on our hands. Some bacteria can make us sick. The outside parts of them are very thin. Soap can cut through these thin parts quickly and break them into small pieces, and then running water can easily wash the broken bacteria away. This helps keep our hands clean. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By asking a question about a daily thing. B．By giving the result of a piece of research. C．By comparing soap with other cleaning tools. D．By telling a funny story about cleaning hands. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Why living things need water. B．How water mixes with water-loving dirt. C．Why water can’t clean oily hands. D．How water and oil clean dirt differently. 3．What is special about a soap molecule? A．It is mainly made up of water-loving parts. B．It has a shape that gives it cleaning power. C．It looks like a tiny circle that holds a tadpole. D．It can easily mix with different kinds of bacteria. 4．Why can soap help wash away the bacteria on hands? A．Because it stops the bacteria from growing on hands. B．Because it breaks the thin outside parts of the bacteria. C．Because it mixes the bacteria with oil to form tiny balls. D．Because it turns the bacteria into water-loving molecules. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To describe how to make soap at home. B．To teach us how to wash hands correctly. C．To show why washing hands needs time. D．To explain how soap helps clean our hands. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了肥皂的清洁原理，解释了肥皂分子如何通过特殊结构去除油污和细菌，帮助我们理解肥皂如何清洁双手。 【详解】6．文中第1段以“Soap is something we use every day...Do you know how soap works?”开头，通过提问一个日常用品（肥皂）来引入话题。 1．第2段先介绍了亲水/疏水分子的概念，再说明油是疏水的，水和油不相溶，因此水无法清洁油污的手，核心是解释水为什么不能清洁油污。 2．文中第3段提到“This special shape gives soap its cleaning power.”，说明肥皂分子的特殊形状是它的特别之处，也是其清洁力的来源。 3．文中第4段提到“Soap can cut through these thin parts quickly and break them into small pieces, and then running water can easily wash the broken bacteria away.”，说明肥皂能破坏细菌的薄外层，从而帮助冲走细菌。 4．全文围绕肥皂的清洁原理展开，解释了肥皂如何通过分子结构去除油污、破坏细菌，帮助清洁双手，因此主要目的是解释肥皂如何帮助清洁我们的手。 Passage 3 (2026·河南省平顶山市鲁山县第十教研区·二模) Brainspace It may sound very strange, but imagine if giraffe poo (粪便) could save your life. Sounds very silly, but researchers are working to make this come true. Scientists have teamed up with two zoos to study their never-ending collections of poo from animals such as giraffes, tigers and elephants. Why? In hopes of finding new ways to treat bacterial infections (细菌感染). Right now, if you have a condition caused by bacteria, such as an ear infection, you may be given an antibiotic (抗生素) medication. Unluckily, antibiotics have been given to humans so often since they were introduced that they sometimes don’t kill all the bad bacteria; some of the bacteria have become used to them, becoming what are called “superbugs”. This is a really serious problem, as people aren’t getting healthy like they should be and might get terribly sick. Bacteriophages (噬菌体), commonly known as “phages”, could be an answer. Even smaller than bacteria, phages can kill bacteria. They become strong in places like the ocean and human and animal poo. Researchers around the world are studying phages to find out how they could be used instead of antibiotics to keep people safe. The problem is that a specific (特定的) phage can only harm a few kinds of bacteria — sometimes just one kind. This means that researchers are trying to find all kinds of different phages to find out which ones kill which bacteria — and what better place to find new ones than in animal poo! Every day, zookeepers are collecting the poo of over 260 species at the two zoos, and are happy to hand over the results. The scientists are hoping to discover 10,000 new phages over 2 years of study. One day, these might be used to create new treatments for bacterial infections. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why did the scientists team up with zoos? A．To study why antibiotics stop working. B．To find new ways of feeding zoo animals. C．To help zookeepers clean animal houses. D．To collect animal poo for medical research. 2．What are superbugs? A．Bacteria that are helpful to humans. B．Bacteria that cannot be killed by antibiotics. C．Animals that spread dangerous diseases. D．Medicines that no longer treat infections. 3．What’s the problem of using phages as a treatment? A．A phage cannot work on its own. B．Phages are hard to find in nature. C．A phage only kills specific bacteria. D．Phages cannot be stored for long. 4．What is the zookeepers’ attitude (态度) toward the research? A．They are happy to support it. B．They question whether it will work. C．They worry about the animals. D．They are uninterested in the research. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．A fun fact about animals B．A strange but life-saving idea C．A possible use of phages D．A serious and growing problem 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，讲述了科学家与动物园合作，收集动物粪便以研究噬菌体，从而寻找治疗细菌感染新方法的故事。 【详解】11．根据第二段“Scientists have teamed up with two zoos to study their never-ending collections of poo...”以及第三段“Why? In hopes of finding new ways to treat bacterial infections.”可知，科学家与动物园合作是为了收集动物粪便，以便从中寻找治疗细菌感染的新方法。 1．根据第三段“...antibiotics have been given to humans so often... that they sometimes don’t kill all the bad bacteria; some of the bacteria have become used to them, becoming what are called ‘superbugs’.”可知，超级细菌是指那些因为抗生素使用过度而产生耐药性、无法被抗生素杀死的细菌。 2．根据第六段“The problem is that a specific phage can only harm a few kinds of bacteria — sometimes just one kind.”可知，使用噬菌体治疗的问题在于特定的噬菌体只能杀死特定种类的细菌。 3．根据最后一段“Every day, zookeepers are collecting the poo of over 260 species at the two zoos, and are happy to hand over the results.”中的“happy to hand over”可知，饲养员们很乐意提供支持，态度是积极的。 4．文章第一段开篇点题“It may sound very strange, but imagine if giraffe poo could save your life.”，全文围绕利用动物粪便中的噬菌体来治疗细菌感染这一看似奇怪却能救命的想法展开。选项B“一个奇怪但能救命的想法”最能概括文章主旨。 Passage 4 (2026·广东江门市开平市·二模) Have you ever looked at Vincent van Gogh’s famous painting The Starry Night and felt like the sky was moving? It turns out your eyes weren’t playing tricks on you. ▲ A team of researchers has found that the swirling (旋动的) patterns in van Gogh’s great work are actually very similar to the real movement of air in the sky! The researchers used clever methods to study van Gogh’s brushstrokes. They found that these patterns match two important ideas in the study of how water and gases move. Don’t worry if these terms sound abstruse—let’s explain them in an easy way. One of these ideas, called Kolmogorov’s law, describes how energy moves from larger to smaller parts in a moving fluid (流体). Imagine a big swirl breaking down into smaller and smaller ones. This is what happens in the sky and oceans ... and amazingly, it’s exactly what van Gogh’s brushstrokes show in The Starry Night. Finding this pattern in a painting is uncommon, which makes the discovery even more exciting. “It shows that van Gogh had a deep and natural understanding of nature,” says Yongxiang Huang, the head of the study. This research also brings new chances for the intersection of art and science. It proves that beauty and scientific truth aren’t mutually exclusive (相互排斥的)—in fact, they might be more closely connected than we realize. So, the next time you look at The Starry Night, remember that you’re not just seeing a beautiful painting. You’re also seeing a picture of the swirling, moving dance of the atmosphere—a perfect mix of art and science. 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 1? A．It’s just a special feeling. B．There’s a scientific reason. C．Van Gogh painted skillfully. D．The painting is hard to copy. 2．What does the word “abstruse” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Hard to understand. B．Easy to explain. C．Interesting to learn. D．Important to remember. 3．Which of the following best shows Kolmogorov’s law? A．B．C． D． 4．What is the purpose of Paragraph 4? A．To stress the importance of the discovery. B．To describe the beauty of nature. C．To praise the great talent of van Gogh. D．To explain the steps of the research. 5．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Van Gogh: A Pioneer of Turbulence Research B．Van Gogh: A Talented Artist and A Natural Scientist C．The Starry Night: Beauty Meets Scientific Truth D．The Starry Night: Art Teaches Atmospheric Physics 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现梵高画作《星夜》中的旋动笔触与真实大气流动的科学规律高度吻合，展现了艺术与科学的交汇。 【详解】16．空前提到觉得画中的天空在动，不是眼睛骗了你，后文紧接着说研究人员发现，梵高画作中的旋动图案和天空中空气的真实运动非常相似。这说明这种“动态感”有科学依据，B项“There’s a scientific reason.”衔接上下文，引出下文的研究结论。 1．第二段“let’s explain them in an easy way.”提到用简单的方式解释它们，说明这些术语本身是“难以理解的”，“Hard to understand.”符合划线词的含义。 2．第三段“Imagine a big swirl breaking down into smaller and smaller ones.”表明柯尔莫哥洛夫定律的核心是：大漩涡会分解成越来越小的漩涡，B项的图片清晰展示了大漩涡分裂为多个小漩涡，与定律描述完全吻合。 3．第四段说明了这个发现的罕见性，以及它在艺术科学交叉领域的意义，核心目的是强调这个发现的重要性。 4．本文围绕梵高的《星夜》展开，核心观点是这幅艺术杰作的笔触符合科学规律，证明了艺术美和科学真理不是排斥的，而是可以完美结合，C项符合文章主旨。 Passage 5 (2026·河南省平顶山市鲁山县第九教研区·二模) When you think of recycling (回收利用), you may imagine old newspapers being made into notebooks. But not all recycling works like this. Sometimes the old material (材料) is reused,but the new thing is not as good as before. This is called down-cycling. Downcycling means turning old materials into things of lower value. For example, plastic bottles can be made into thin threads. These threads can be used to make clothes, but they cannot be turned back into bottles. Over time, the threads lose their value and become waste. The word “downcycling” became widely known from the book Cradle to Cradle. The two writers of it said that downcycling is not perfect because it makes the life of materials shorter. However, it is better than burning waste or hiding it underground. It lets us use the same material more than once and saves natural materials. To understand downcycling better, we can compare it with other kinds of recycling. Traditional recycling creates a new thing that is similar to the original. For example, old glass can become new glass bottles. Upcycling makes the product even better—used tyres, for example,  can be turned into furniture. Downcycling is between them. It saves energy and natural materials, but the new thing is not as salutary as before. Downcycling can be found in many common materials. Paper gets worse each time it is recycled.After a few times, it can only be used for thick paper boxes. Plastics can become threads for clothes or floor coverings.  Metals (金属) can be made into cheaper things, like thin metal lines. These examples show how downcycling works and why it still helps us deal with waste. Though downcycling isn’t perfect, it’s a wise and practical choice.  It cuts down on waste, saves resources, and helps us move towards a more sustainable (可持续的) and eco-friendly world. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What can help us tell if something is downcycling? A．The lower value. B．The kind of materials. C．The price of products. D．The way of dealing with waste. 2．What did the two writers of Cradle to Cradle think of downcycling? A．It’s popular worldwide. B．It’s not perfect but helpful. C．It’s worse than burning waste. D．It’s useless for saving resources. 3．What does the underlined word“salutary” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Heavy. B．Expensive. C．Colorful. D．Useful. 4．How does the writer try to help us understand downcycling? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 5．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度)  towards downcycling? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了降级回收（downcycling）的定义、特点，将其与传统回收、升级回收进行对比，说明了它的优缺点，并阐述了它在处理废弃物、节约资源、推动可持续发展方面的意义。 【详解】21．根据第二段第一句“Downcycling means turning old materials into things of lower value.”（降级回收意味着将旧材料变成价值更低的东西）可知，判断是否为降级回收的关键在于新物品的价值是否降低。 1．根据第三段中“The two writers of it said that downcycling is not perfect...However, it is better than burning waste or hiding it underground.”（这两位作者说降级回收并不完美……然而，它比焚烧废物或将其埋在地下要好）可知，作者认为它虽不完美但有帮助。 2．根据第四段语境，传统回收制造相似物品，升级回收制造更好物品，而降级回收介于两者之间，新物品不如从前。结合第一段提到的“not as good as before”，此处“salutary”指有益的、有用的。选项中Useful最符合语境。 3．通读全文可知，作者在第二段举了塑料瓶的例子，第四段举了玻璃和轮胎的例子，第五段举了纸张和金属的例子。作者主要通过列举例子来帮助读者理解降级回收。 4．根据最后一段“Though downcycling isn't perfect, it's a wise and practical choice.”（虽然降级回收不完美，但它是一个明智且实用的选择）以及后续提到的节约资源等好处，可知作者持支持态度。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 (2026·河南平顶山市鲁山县第九教研区第十九初级中学等校·二模) THE BEST WAYS KIDS CAN SAVE ANIMALSDo you love animals and wish you could do more to help them? Well, you can! And you’ve already started just by reading this list. Be a Lifesaver for Dogs and Cats Be sure to ask your parents to call animal control right away if you see any animals in dangerous situations. Keep Animals Out of Your Closet It’s easy to help animals by always checking the clothing’s label (标签) and asking your parents to buy only fur-free (不含皮毛的) clothes! Raise Homeless Animals If your family is thinking about welcoming a new family member into your home, (and you have enough time, space, and money to do so) you can raise those homeless animals instead of buying pets. Let Birds Fly Free Never run after birds at the beach or in the park. Or they will be afraid of you. Be Nice to Insects Insects are really cool-seriously! Ants, for example, can carry up to 20 times their body weight and have been on the earth for more than 100 million years. However, some ants are dangerous to humans. People could use natural objects like garlic (蒜) to keep them away instead of killing them. See more information, click here! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．If a dog is stuck in a car on a hot day, what should a kid do according to the text? A．Stay with the dog. B．Break the car window. C．Ask parents for help. D．Call the traffic police. 2．What should we do to protect animals when buying clothes? A．Buy fashionable clothes with nice pictures. B．Look at the tag and choose clothes without fur. C．Buy soft and comfortable clothes for ourselves. D．Choose expensive clothes made of good material. 3．What does the writer suggest people do if they want to have a pet? A．Raise a homeless animal. B．Borrow a pet from a friend. C．Keep a wild animal as a pet. D．Buy a cute pet from a pet shop. 4．Which of the following shows the right way to treat dangerous ants? A．B． C． D． 5．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A magazine. B．A website. C．A story book. D．A guidebook. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们可以帮助保护动物的多种方法。 【详解】26．“Be a Lifesaver for Dogs and Cats”部分“Be sure to ask your parents to call animal control right away if you see any animals in dangerous situations.”说明遇到被困的动物，孩子应向父母求助。 1．“Keep Animals Out of Your Closet”部分“It’s easy to help animals by always checking the clothing’s label (标签) and asking your parents to buy only fur-free (不含皮毛的) clothes!”说明买衣服时应查看标签，选择不含皮毛的衣物。 2．“Raise Homeless Animals”部分“... you can raise those homeless animals instead of buying pets.”说明作者建议想要养宠物的人收养流浪动物。 3．“Be Nice to Insects”部分中“However, some ants are dangerous to humans. People could use natural objects like garlic (蒜) to keep them away instead of killing them.”说明处理危险蚂蚁的正确方式是用大蒜驱赶，对应选项C的图片。 4．根据文章顶部的“PETA kids”网站导航栏、“FOR PARENTS”标识，以及文末“See more information, click here!”可知，本文节选自网站。 Passage 2 (2026·河南省周口市·二模) Traditional Chinese culture is rich and colorful, and paper-cutting is one of the most famous traditional folk arts. It has a history of more than 1,500 years and is popular all over China, especially in northern areas like Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi. Paper-cutting is usually made with red paper and scissors. Craftsmen cut different patterns on paper, such as flowers, birds, animals, historical stories and lucky Chinese characters. Red stands for happiness and good luck in Chinese culture, so red paper-cutting is often used during Spring Festival, weddings and other important festivals. People stick paper-cuttings on windows, doors and walls to wish for a happy life and good luck in the new year. In the past, paper-cutting was a necessary skill for most women. Little girls learned it from their mothers and grandmothers when they were young. They made paper-cuttings for their families and neighbors. But as time goes by, fewer young people are willing to learn this traditional skill because of busy study and modern entertainment ways. To protect this precious folk art, many schools in Henan have set up paper-cutting clubs. Teachers invite local paper-cutting artists to give lessons to students. Students learn basic cutting skills and create their own works. Some students even take part in paper-cutting competitions and win prizes. Also, paper-cutting works are sold as special gifts to foreign friends, helping spread Chinese traditional culture to the world. Paper-cutting is not only a kind of art but also a symbol of Chinese culture. It carries people’s best wishes and traditional customs. It is our duty to inherit and develop this old folk art so that it can last forever. 1．How many years of history does paper-cutting have? A．Over 1,000 years. B．Over 1,500 years. C．Over 2,000 years. D．Over 2,500 years. 2．What color of paper is mostly used for paper-cutting? A．White. B．Yellow. C．Red. D．Blue. 3．Why do people use paper-cutting during festivals? A．To decorate classrooms. B．To show artistic talent. C．To wish for happiness and good luck. D．To sell for money. 4．What do many Henan schools do to protect paper-cutting? A．Build paper-cutting museums. B．Set up paper-cutting clubs. C．Send students to learn abroad. D．Make paper-cuttings for sale. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards paper-cutting? A．Worried and hopeful. B．Bored and careless. C．Doubtful and unsure. D．Surprised and funny. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国剪纸艺术的历史渊源、制作材料、文化寓意、传承现状及保护推广措施，强调其作为中国传统文化象征的重要地位。 【详解】31．根据第一段第二句“It has a history of more than 1,500 years”可知，剪纸艺术有一千五百多年的历史。 1．根据第二段第一句“Paper-cutting is usually made with red paper and scissors”可知，剪纸通常是用红纸和剪刀制作的。 2．根据第二段最后一句“People stick paper-cuttings... to wish for a happy life and good luck in the new year”可知，人们把剪纸贴在窗户、门和墙上，以祈求在新的一年里拥有幸福的生活和好运。 3．根据第四段第一句“To protect this precious folk art, many schools in Henan have set up paper-cutting clubs”可知，河南许多学校通过成立剪纸社团来保护这一艺术。 4．第三段“But as time goes by, fewer... entertainment ways.”提到年轻人不愿学习传统技艺令人担忧“Worried”，第四段“Some students even take part in paper-cutting competitions and win prizes.”以及第五段“It is our duty to inherit and develop this old folk art so that it can last forever.”介绍了保护措施并强调传承责任，表达了希望“Hopeful”。综合来看，作者的态度是既担忧又充满希望。 主题03 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 (2026·河南周口市项城市·联考) Chinese tea culture is one of the most valuable parts of traditional Chinese culture, with a history of more than 4,000 years. China is widely known as the hometown of tea. For thousands of years, tea has never been only a kind of daily drink for Chinese people. It carries traditional manners, life attitudes and deep cultural meanings in people’s daily life. There are many main kinds of Chinese traditional tea, including green tea, black tea, oolong tea and white tea. Each kind has its own growing environment, taste and health functions. People in different areas of China have different drinking habits. In most southern places, people love drinking green tea in hot summer, because it can help cool down the body and clear away tiredness. In cold northern areas, people prefer strong black tea to keep warm in winter and make their body comfortable on cold days. Drinking tea has long been an important way of social communication in China. When guests come to visit home, Chinese people will make hot tea to show warmth and respect. Tea houses are popular public places where people can chat with friends, relax themselves and make new friends. Drinking a cup of light tea quietly can calm down people’s mood and let them stay away from busy life pressure. In recent years, Chinese tea culture has gradually spread all over the world. More and more foreign visitors and young people become interested in Chinese tea and tea-making skills. They buy tea gifts, learn traditional tea culture and even open tea shops in their own countries. Tea has become an important cultural bridge that helps the whole world know more about China’s history, tradition and polite manners. 1．How long is the history of Chinese tea culture? A．Over 3,000 years. B．Over 4,000 years. C．Over 5,000 years. D．Over 6,000 years. 2．How many kinds of tea are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．Why do southern people drink green tea in summer? A．To keep warm. B．To cool down. C．To sleep better. D．To lose weight. 4．What do people often do in tea houses? A．Chat and relax. B．Do school homework. C．Sell all kinds of food. D．Learn foreign languages. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Tea is only a common drink in China. B．Foreigners show no interest in Chinese tea. C．Tea culture helps spread Chinese culture worldwide. D．People drink tea in the same way all over China. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍中国茶文化的历史悠久、种类多样（如绿茶、红茶等），以及茶在日常社交、待客礼仪中的重要作用，并指出茶文化正走向世界，成为中外文化交流的桥梁。 【详解】36．第一段第一句“Chinese tea culture is one of the most valuable parts of traditional Chinese culture, with a history of more than 4,000 years.”指出，中国茶文化有四千多年的历史。 1．第二段第一句“There are many main kinds of Chinese traditional tea, including green tea, black tea, oolong tea and white tea.”指出，文中明确提到了绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶和白茶，共四种。 2．第二段第四句“In most southern places, people love drinking green tea in hot summer, because it can help cool down the body and clear away tiredness.”指出，南方人夏天喝绿茶是为了身体降温。 3．第三段第三句“Tea houses are popular public places where people can chat with friends, relax themselves and make new friends.”指出，人们在茶馆里通常聊天和放松。 4．最后一段最后一句“Tea has become an important cultural bridge that helps the whole world know more about China's history, tradition and polite manners.”指出，茶文化成为了帮助世界了解中国的文化桥梁，有助于传播中国文化。 Passage 2 (2026·四川泸州市龙马潭区·二模) Many of us think extended national holidays are a modern idea, but China had a similar 7-day holiday over a thousand years ago, during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), around Qingming Festival (Tomb-Sweeping Day). Let’s take a closer look at how people in the Tang Dynasty spent this special ancient “Golden Week”. In the Tang Dynasty, Qingming Festival was not just a single day off. It was combined with the Cold Food Festival, which was usually held one or two days before Qingming, forming a continuous 7-day holiday. The Cold Food Festival came from the legend of Jie Zitui, a loyal man in ancient China, and it required people not to use fire or eat hot food. Some people also believed that this custom could help avoid fires in the dry spring season. This “no-fire” tradition mixed with Qingming’s main customs — visiting ancestors’ tombs and enjoying beautiful spring scenery — making the 7-day holiday both meaningful and pleasant. Even the imperial court (朝廷) joined in the celebrations, holding grand polo matches (马球比赛) for people to watch and enjoy. Not using fire was an important part of this holiday. For about three days, starting from the Cold Food Festival, people were not allowed to light fire at all. Then, on Qingming evening, a special ceremony called “Fetching New Fire” was held. Families would use branches (树枝) to get new fire from a designated place, so they could cook hot meals again. During the Tang Dynasty, this custom developed into a formal ceremony: the emperor would give new fire to his officials as a precious gift, which symbolized the emperor’s kindness and the start of new and good things. 1．What does the underlined word extended mean in paragraph 1? A．Short. B．Long. C．Free. D．Old. 2．What formed the 7-day holiday in the Tang Dynasty? A．Qingming Festival. B．Fire rules in spring. C．The emperor’s order. D．Qingming and Cold Food Festival. 3．What was not allowed in the Cold Food Festival? A．Enjoying spring scenery. B．Watching the polo match. C．Using fire and eating hot food. D．Visiting ancestors’ tombs. 4．What did the Tang emperor do with new fire? A．Used it for the ball games. B．Gave it to officials as a gift. C．Sold it to common people. D．Kept it for the palace only. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．It describes royal activities held in the Tang Dynasty. B．It introduces fire prevention ways in the Tang Dynasty. C．It compares two traditional festivals in the Tang Dynasty. D．It shows holiday history and customs in the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了唐代清明节的7天长假 (结合了寒食节和清明节)。寒食节源于介子推的传说，期间禁止用火、吃冷食。清明节当天晚上举行“取新火”仪式，皇帝会将新火赐给大臣作为珍贵礼物，象征皇恩和新生。 【详解】41．第一段中提到“extended national holidays are a modern idea, but China had a similar 7-day holiday over a thousand years ago”，说明“extended”在这里指“加长的”，与“7-day holiday”对应，选项B“Long”正确。 1．第二段中提到“In the Tang Dynasty, Qingming Festival was not just a single day off. It was combined with the Cold Food Festival, which was usually held one or two days before Qingming, forming a continuous 7-day holiday.”，说明唐代的7天假期是由清明节和寒食节共同组成的，选项D正确。 2．第二段中提到“it required people not to use fire or eat hot food”，说明寒食节期间不允许用火和吃热食。 3．最后一段中提到“the emperor would give new fire to his officials as a precious gift”，说明唐代皇帝会将新火作为礼物赐给大臣。 4．全文介绍了唐代清明节与寒食节组成的7天假期的历史背景、寒食节禁火习俗、清明节取新火仪式以及皇帝赐新火的传统，所以选项D“It shows holiday history and customs in the Tang Dynasty.”正确。 Passage 3 (2026·山东省济南市商河县·二模) Leaf carving is an ancient form of folk art in China. Artists use natural fallen leaves to create wonderful works. This art is special because artists follow the leaves’ natural shapes and vein lines (纹路) to work. I first watched leaf carving in the studio of Chen Lining, a famous artist in Jiaozuo, Henan. He sat quietly with a brush and a small knife, focusing all his attention on a big leaf. The common fallen leaf seemed to get a new life in his hands. Chen Lining told us that making a leaf carving has simple steps: choosing leaves, carving, polishing and pressing. First, pick suitable leaves. The best leaves have clear veins, a wide surface and even small holes. These natural marks are perfect for carving. After choosing leaves, wash them carefully and put them in water to keep them soft. Dry leaves break easily, so this step is very important. The hardest part is carving. Artists watch the natural vein lines closely and use a small knife to cut out beautiful patterns little by little. This work needs a steady (平稳的) hand and a long-term focus. One small mistake can break the whole leaf and waste the work. When carving is finished, workers polish the leaf and press it flat. Finally, a common fallen leaf turns into a wonderful art piece. With careful hands and good skills, they make lovely and amazing patterns on thin leaves. Leaf carving tells us that small and common fallen leaves can become special and beautiful artworks. It is a perfect way to mix nature and art together. We just need creative ideas and love for nature. 1．What makes leaf carving special according to Paragraph 1? A．Artists only use green leaves. B．Artists dry the leaves before carving. C．Artists paint beautiful pictures on the leaves. D．Artists follow the leaves’ natural shapes and vein lines. 2．Why do artists put the chosen leaves in water? A．To make them colorful. B．To keep them soft. C．To make the veins clearer. D．To clean the leaves. 3．Which question does Paragraph 3 mainly answer? A．Why do artists put leaves in water? B．Where can people learn leaf carving? C．What are the steps to make a leaf carving? D．Who is the most famous leaf carving artist? 4．What is the hardest part of making leaf carving? A．Polishing the leaf. B．Carving the patterns. C．Pressing the leaf flat. D．Choosing suitable leaves. 5．What does the writer want to tell us? A．To study different kinds of leaves. B．To encourage people to do leaf carving. C．To show the difficulty of leaf carving. D．To have a creative mind and love nature. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国民间艺术——叶雕，包括其独特之处、制作步骤、难点以及作者对这门艺术的感悟。 【详解】46．第一段指出：“This art is special because artists follow the leaves’ natural shapes and vein lines to work.”，直接说明叶雕的特别之处在于艺术家依据叶子的天然形状和纹路进行创作。 1．第三段提到：“After choosing leaves, wash them carefully and put them in water to keep them soft.”，说明将选好的叶子放在水中是为了保持柔软，防止干燥易碎。 2．第三段开头说：“Chen Lining told us that making a leaf carving has simple steps: choosing leaves, carving, polishing and pressing.”，随后详细介绍了选叶、清洗泡水等步骤，因此该段主要回答“制作叶雕有哪些步骤”。 3．第四段第一句：“The hardest part is carving.”，明确说明最难的部分是雕刻图案。 4．最后一段指出：“We just need creative ideas and love for nature.”，作者通过叶雕艺术告诉我们，只需要创意和对自然的热爱，就能将普通的落叶变成艺术品。 主题01 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (2026·河南省周口市沈丘县两校·二模) With the fast development of science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has become part of our daily life. AI is widely used in many fields such as education, transportation, medical care and daily service. It changes our life in many surprising ways. In education, AI learning platforms are very popular now. Students can take online classes, do homework and check answers on AI apps. The AI system can record students’ learning situation, find out their weak points and give personalized learning advice. Teachers can also use AI to correct homework quickly and save lots of time. It makes learning and teaching more efficient and convenient. In transportation, self-driving cars controlled by AI have come into people’s sight. They can judge road conditions, avoid dangers and drive safely without human control. In some big cities, AI buses have been put into use. They help reduce traffic accidents and make public transportation smarter. In daily life, we can meet AI everywhere. Smart speakers can play music, tell stories and answer our questions. Smart robots can help people clean houses, cook simple meals and look after the old and children. Many shopping malls use AI robots to guide customers and introduce products. However, AI also brings some problems. Some people worry that AI will take the place of human jobs. Others are worried about personal information safety when using AI products. Every coin has two sides. We should use AI in a proper way, make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages. AI is the future of technology. As middle school students, we should learn more knowledge about science and technology, keep up with the times and make good use of AI to create a better life. 1．Where is AI NOT used according to the passage? A．Education. B．Medical care. C．Farming only. D．Transportation. 2．What can AI learning platforms do for students? A．Do all homework for students. B．Give personalized learning advice. C．Replace all teachers at school. D．Play games with students all day. 3．What advantage do self-driving cars have? A．They cost no money. B．They can avoid traffic dangers. C．They need no roads. D．They can fly in the sky. 4．What problem does AI bring? A．It makes people lazy. B．It may take human jobs. C．It is too easy to learn. D．It can’t work at night. 5．What does the writer advise students to do? A．Refuse to use AI products. B．Only focus on school exams. C．Learn tech knowledge and use AI properly. D．Buy as many AI products as possible. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能（AI）在教育、交通、日常生活等领域的广泛应用，指出了AI带来的潜在问题（如取代工作、信息安全），并建议中学生应学习科技知识，合理利用AI创造美好生活。 【详解】51．根据第一段第二句“AI is widely used in many fields such as education, transportation, medical care and daily service.”可知，文中明确提到了教育、交通、医疗和日常服务，未提及“Farming only（仅农业）”。 1．根据第二段第三句“The AI system can ... give personalized learning advice.”可知，AI 学习平台可以为学生提供个性化的学习建议。 2．根据第三段第二句“They can judge road conditions, avoid dangers and drive safely ...”可知，自动驾驶汽车的优势在于能够避免交通危险。 3．根据第五段第二句“Some people worry that AI will take the place of human jobs.”可知，AI 带来的问题之一是可能会取代人类的工作。 4．根据最后一段第二句“As middle school students, we should learn more knowledge about science and technology ... and make good use of AI ...”可知，作者建议学生学习科技知识并正确使用 AI。 Passage 2 (2026·云南省昆明市盘龙区·复习监测) Have you ever thought that a tree might be trying to tell us something? With the help of AI, scientists are beginning to open the hidden world of plant communication. People used to think plants were quiet and did not talk. But now, scientists find that is not true. For example, if a plant is in danger, it can put special things into the air to warn their neighbours. Some plants can even feel when insects are eating them. Plants have their own secret ways of “talking”. They use smells and very quiet sounds that people can’t easily find. This is where AI becomes a powerful tool. Scientists use the tool to research plants. They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape to perceive what the plant is doing. For example, scientists can teach AI to know the special sound a tomato plant makes when it needs water. AI can learn the “stress sound” a tree makes when it is sick. The future is exciting. Think about a time when AI can understand plant sounds for farmers. Then, farmers will know when their plants need water or when insects are eating them. This can help farmers use less water and fewer chemicals. Some scientists even want to make a “Plant Translator”. With it, we could hear when a plant is happy because it has enough water, or when a forest is in danger because it is too dry. Of course, this technology is still new. Understanding the full language of plants is a huge challenge. But the goal is not to have a conversation with a rose. It is to learn to be better listeners to the natural world. By using AI to understand plants, we can learn to care for our planet in a smarter and more respectful way. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving suggestions. 2．What can some plants do to warn their neighbours according to paragraph 2? A．Make loud noises. B．Move their leaves quickly. C．Change their colours. D．Put special things into the air. 3．What does the underlined word “perceive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Enjoy. B．Mind. C．Prevent. D．Understand. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Plants are quiet and can’t talk at all. B．AI can find that a tree is sick through its taste. C．A “Plant Translator” may help farmers grow plants better. D．People will know the full language of plants easily in the near future. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Use of AI in Understanding Plants B．The Problems of AI in Growing Plants C．The Talks between Humans and Animals D．The Difference between Plants and Animals 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家利用AI技术探索植物交流方式的相关研究，展现了植物的“沟通”能力及AI在农业、环保领域的应用前景。 【详解】56．根据第一段第一句“Have you ever thought that a tree might be trying to tell us something?（你有没有想过一棵树可能试图告诉我们什么？）”可知，作者是通过提出一个问题来开始文章的。 1．根据第二段中“For example, if a plant is in danger, it can put special things into the air to warn their neighbours.（例如，如果植物处于危险中，它可以向空气中释放特殊物质来警告它们的邻居。）”可知，植物通过向空气中释放特殊物质来警告邻居。 2．根据画线词所在的句子“They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape to perceive what the plant is doing.”以及后文提到的AI可以学习植物需要水或生病时的声音，可知科学家是为了“理解”或“感知”植物的状态。Enjoy（享受）、Mind（介意）、Prevent（预防）均不符合语境，Understand（理解）最接近。 3．根据第四段可知，“Plant Translator”可以帮助农民知道植物何时需要水或被害虫侵害，从而更好地照顾作物，C选项正确。根据第二段中“People used to think plants were quiet... But now, scientists find that is not true.”可知，植物并非完全安静不能交流，A选项错误。根据第三段中“They listen for small sounds and watch for changes in shape”可知，是通过声音和形状，而非味道（taste），B选项错误。根据最后一段中“Understanding the full language of plants is a huge challenge.”可知，完全理解植物语言是一个巨大的挑战，并不容易，D选项错误。 4．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家如何利用人工智能（AI）技术来研究和理解植物的交流方式（声音、气味等），以及这项技术未来的应用前景。A选项“人工智能在理解植物方面的应用”最能概括全文主旨。 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (2026·河南省驻马店市西平县学业水平调研·二模) As the life blood of Chinese culture, the Changjiang River has brought unique charm (魅力) to the world. It runs through China and brings many cities rich resources and beautiful sights. Among all these cities, Yichang in Hubei Province is a shining pearl. Yichang is well-known as the global capital of hydropower (水电). It is home to two famous dams (坝): the Gezhouba Dam, the first large dam on the Changjiang River, and the Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest hydropower project. These two dams play an important role in China. Yichang covers only a small part of China’s land area. However, it provides clean electricity for most parts of our country. The sound of the dams isn’t just the running of machines. It is the green heartbeat of the Changjiang River. It stands for China’s efforts in developing low-carbon energy and protecting the Changjiang River’s ecology (生态). In recent years, the Changjiang River’s environment has improved greatly. The Changjiang finless porpoise (江豚) once nearly died out, but has made a great comeback. These “smiling angels of the Changjiang” gather in groups, playing happily in the river. Now, people can often see them in the Changjiang River and take photos of them. Besides its beautiful nature and great projects, Yichang also has a long cultural history. Over 2,300 years ago, the great poet Qu Yuan lived here and wrote his famous work Tian Wen. This great masterpiece shows the questioning and exploring spirit of Chinese people. What’s more, Changjiang’s oranges are popular around the world, carrying the city’s warmth to every corner of the globe. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What makes Yichang known as the global capital of hydropower? A．Its long cultural history and famous people. B．The Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam. C．The large amount of gas it produces. D．Its beautiful sights and valuable animals. 2．What does the writer compare the sound of the dams to? A．The running of machines. B．The smiling angels of the Changjiang River. C．The green heartbeat of the Changjiang River. D．The spirit of Chinese people. 3．What can we know about the Changjiang finless porpoises? A．They still face the danger of dying out. B．They are easier to be seen than before. C．They only live near the Three Gorges Dam. D．They are harmful to the river’s environment. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．The Gezhouba Dam is the first large dam on the Changjiang River. B．Yichang covers a large part of China’s land area. C．People can eat the Changjiang finless porpoise. D．Qu Yuan wrote Tian Wen more than 230 years ago. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare the Gezhouba Dam with the Three Gorges Dam. B．To explain how to build hydropower projects along the Changjiang River. C．To describe the living habits of the Changjiang finless porpoise. D．To introduce Yichang’s dams, environment and cultural history. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了湖北宜昌这座城市，包括其作为全球水电之都的由来、大坝的意义、长江环境改善情况、江豚的现状以及宜昌的文化历史等。 【详解】61．第二段提到：“It is home to two famous dams: the Gezhouba Dam, the first large dam on the Changjiang River, and the Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest hydropower project. These two dams play an important role in China.”，说明葛洲坝大坝和三峡大坝使宜昌被称为全球水电之都。 1．第三段提到：“The sound of the dams isn’t just the running of machines. It is the green heartbeat of the Changjiang River.”，说明作者把大坝的声音比作长江的绿色心跳。 2．第四段提到：“These ‘smiling angels of the Changjiang’ gather in groups, playing happily in the river. Now, people can often see them in the Changjiang River and take photos of them.”，说明长江江豚比以前更容易被看到了。 3．第二段提到：“the Gezhouba Dam, the first large dam on the Changjiang River”，说明葛洲坝大坝是长江上第一座大型大坝，A选项正确。 4．文章分别介绍了宜昌的大坝、长江环境（包括江豚）以及文化历史等方面，所以主要目的是介绍宜昌的大坝、环境和文化历史。 Passage 2 (2026·山东济南市长清区·阶段检测) Shopping for down jackets (羽绒服) in summer will save you a lot of money. The information below will help you choose down jackets of high quality. What makes down jackets warm? Down cluster (绒子) Down cluster content (充绒量) ≥50% a down jacket <50% not a down jacket A down jacket keeps you warm by trapping air in its fluffy (毛茸茸的) filling. This air forms a warm layer (层) that holds in your body heat. What should you check when choosing a down jacket? ✓ The quality standard on the tag (标签) should be GB/T14272-2021. ✓ Fill weight: the total weight of the down in the jacket. With 100g or less filling Only good for temperatures around 0℃ With more than 200g filling Good for temperatures around -20℃ ✓ Down cluster content For most people, 75% down cluster content is enough to stay warm. ✓ Touch Press down on the down jacket and then let go. If it quickly goes back to its original shape, it means the jacket is very fluffy and will keep you warmer. ✓ Smell A down jacket that smells bad has low-quality filling. Types and colors of down Q1: ▲ A1: No! Goose down is as warm as duck down. Goose down jackets are more expensive because geese produce less down than ducks. Q2: Is white duck down warmer than grey duck down? A2: No! They are both equally warm. 1．What percent of down cluster content does a down jacket have at least? A．25%. B．50%. C．75%. D．100%. 2．Which of the following ISN’T necessary to check when choosing a down jacket? A．The colors of down. B．Down cluster content. C．Smell of the filling. D．The quality standard. 3．If you’re going to a place where the temperature is -19℃, what fill weight should you look for? A．80g. B．150g. C．180g. D．220g. 4．Which of the following sentences can be put in ▲ ? A．Is a goose down jacket always more expensive? B．Is goose down warmer than duck down? C．How to check the quality of a down jacket? D．Can down jackets be worn in summer? 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people why down jackets can keep people warm. B．To encourage customers to buy down jackets in summer. C．To warn sellers not to sell fake down jackets. D．To explain how to choose high-quality down jackets. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了如何挑选高品质羽绒服，从充绒量、充绒量、品质标准、触感气味等方面给出了详细建议，同时解答了关于羽绒种类的常见疑问。 【详解】66．根据表格中“Down cluster content”的说明，≥50%为羽绒服，<50%不是羽绒服。因此一件羽绒服的充绒量最低标准是50%。 1．文中提到的检查项包括：标签上的品质标准（GB/T14272-2021）、填充重量、充绒量、触感、气味，以及羽绒的类型（鹅绒/鸭绒）。文中仅提到“Types and colors of down”，但后续说明中并未要求检查羽绒的颜色是否影响保暖性，且问题2的A选项“The colors of down”是唯一未被列为必要检查项的内容，其他选项均在文中明确提到。 2．文中表格提到“With more than 200g filling — Good for temperatures around -20℃”。-19℃接近- 20℃，因此需要选择填充重量超过200g的羽绒服，选项中只有220g符合要求。 3．根据下文的问答“A1: No! Goose down is as warm as duck down. Goose jackets are more expensive because geese produce less down than ducks.”可知，这组问答讨论的是“鹅绒是否比鸭绒更暖和”以及“鹅绒更贵的原因”，因此问题应该是“鹅绒总是比鸭绒更暖和吗？”或相关的疑问。选项B“Is goose down warmer than duck down?”与问答内容完全对应。 4．文章开头提到“The information below will help you choose down jackets of high quality.”，全文围绕如何挑选高品质羽绒服展开，介绍了各项检查标准和方法。 Passage 3 (2026·山东济南市长清区·阶段检测) As spring arrives, the world wakes up. We feel the warm sunshine kissing our cheeks and the soft wind brushing through our hair. While enjoying the beautiful scenery, we are actually using our most powerful sense—touch. Our sense of touch comes from our skin, the largest organ of the human body. Unlike other organs, the skin acts as a messenger station. It is covered with tiny receptors that work day and night. When you touch a smooth stone or a cold stream, these receptors (感受器) catch the messages and send them directly to your brain. Some parts of your skin have lots of these receptors so they are very sensitive (敏感的), like your fingertips. Other parts don’t have that many, so they aren’t that sensitive like the skin on your arms. So we need to press harder to feel the same texture. As mammals, humans have fine hairs on their skin. These hairs are almost invisible to the naked eye, but they play a hidden role. They help us detect changes in the air pressure and temperature, making our sense of touch even more accurate. We often take touch for granted, but it is irreplaceable. When people lose other senses, touch often steps up to help. For example, blind people use their fingertips to read Braille (盲文). They also rely on walking sticks to feel the road conditions and avoid dangers. This shows how clever the human body is, as different senses work together like a team. Spring is a gift for all our senses. Next time you go outside, take a moment to touch the grass and the flowers. You will not only enjoy the beauty of nature but also appreciate the amazing function of your largest organ. 1．According to the passage, which part of the body is most sensitive to touch? A．The cheek. B．The fingertip. C．The arm. D．The hair. 2．Which one shows the relationship between the numbers of receptors(x) and sensitivity(y) (灵敏度)? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “irreplaceable” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Useless. B．Dangerous. C．Unique. D．Uncomfortable. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The skin sends messages to the brain through receptors. B．The hairs on our skin are easy to see and very strong. C．Blind people can only get help from their sense of hearing. D．The skin is the smallest organ in the human body. 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．To tell us how to keep our skin healthy. B．To encourage us to enjoy spring with senses. C．To explain the history of Braille. D．To compare different senses in spring. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了触觉的运作机制、重要性及其在人类生活中的独特价值。 【详解】71．根据第二段“Some parts of your skin have lots of these receptors so they are very sensitive, like your fingertips.”可知，指尖是触觉最敏感的部位。 1．根据第二段“Some parts of your skin have lots of these receptors so they are very sensitive...Other parts don’t have that many, so they aren't that sensitive” 可知，感受器数量越多，皮肤灵敏度越高，二者成正比关系，对应图A。 2．根据第四段“When people lose other senses, touch often steps up to help. For example, blind people use their fingertips to read Braille. They also rely on walking sticks to feel the road conditions and avoid dangers.”可知，触觉的作用是无法被其他感官替代的，因此irreplaceable意为“不可替代的；独一无二的”，与Unique意思一致。 3．根据第二段“It is covered with tiny receptors that work day and night. When you touch a smooth stone or a cold stream, these receptors catch the messages and send them directly to your brain.”可知，皮肤通过感受器向大脑传递信息，A项表述正确；根据第三段“These hairs are almost invisible to the naked eye”可知，皮肤上的毛发肉眼几乎看不见，B项表述错误；根据第四段“For example, blind people use their fingertips to read Braille... They also rely on walking sticks to feel the road conditions”可知，盲人也依靠触觉帮助自己，C项表述错误；根据第二段“Our sense of touch comes from our skin, the largest organ of the human body.”可知，皮肤是人体最大的器官，D项表述错误。 4．最后一段提到“Spring is a gift for all our senses. Next time you go outside, take a moment to touch the grass and the flowers. You will not only enjoy the beauty of nature but also appreciate the amazing function of your largest organ.”，主要是鼓励我们在春天用感官去感受和体验自然。 Passage 4 (2026·山东省济南市市中区·二模) The new school year has come. Who will be your new classmates? Will you sit alone or in pairs? In fact, there are many different classroom seating arrangements (排列). And every seating arrangement has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let’s take a look at some of them. Traditional SeatingStudents sit in individual rows facing the front. This seating arrangement helps students listen to the teacher carefully. But it makes group discussion and peer interaction (互动) difficult. Paired SeatingTwo desks are put together. Students sit side by side. Sitting in pairs allows students to discuss and cooperate with their desk mates. However, during the discussion, some students may chat with their partners instead of staying on task. Group SeatingStudents sit in small groups, facing each other. This arrangement is great for either large classes or small classrooms. It is good for group discussions and cooperation. But there is a problem that some students may leave all the work to others when they are doing group work. ▲ U-Shape SeatingDesks are arranged in a U-shape, creating an open space in the middle. This allows the teacher to move around freely and interact with students easily. However, it takes up more classroom space. 1．Which seating arrangement is best for students to pay attention to the teacher? A．Traditional Seating. B．Paired Seating. C．Group Seating. D．U-Shape Seating. 2．In Paired Seating, what may cause some students to lose focus in class? A．Sitting far from the teacher. B．Talking about things outside class. C．Failing to understand the task. D．Having no clear role in pair tasks. 3．Which of the following sentences best fits ▲ ? A．Someone may feel left out. B．Everyone knows what to do. C．Not everyone can play a part. D．All students take part actively. 4．What is one advantage of U-Shape Seating? A．It helps students sit in rows. B．It’s easy for the teacher to move around. C．It is good for group discussion. D．It does not need much classroom space. 5．What best expresses the writer’s opinion? A．One size fits all. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Seeing is believing. D．Every coin has two sides. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了四种常见的课堂座位排列方式，分别阐述了它们的优缺点，体现了不同排列对课堂教学与互动的影响。 【详解】76．原文“Traditional Seating”部分明确提到：“This seating arrangement helps students listen to the teacher carefully.” ，可知直接说明传统排列有助于学生认真听讲。 1．原文“Paired Seating”部分提到：“However, during the discussion, some students may chat with their partners instead of staying on task.”，可知这里的“chat with their partners”指的就是聊与课堂无关的话题，导致分心。 2．前文提到小组排列的问题：“some students may leave all the work to others when they are doing group work.”，可知这意味着有些学生没有参与到任务中，对应C项“不是每个人都能参与其中”。 3．原文“U-Shape Seating”部分提到：“This allows the teacher to move around freely and interact with students easily.”，可知U型排列让老师可以自由走动。 4．文章开头就点明：“every seating arrangement has its own advantages and disadvantages.”，可知每种排列都有优缺点，对应D项“凡事都有两面性”。 主题02 人与自然——动植物 Passage 1 (2026·河南省周口市郸城县白马镇第三中学·二模) The Magic of Green Plants Green plants are the most important living things on the earth. They play an irreplaceable role in protecting our environment and keeping ecological balance. Without green plants, humans and animals could not survive at all. Firstly, green plants can produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. Through photosynthesis, they take in the carbon dioxide we breathe out and release fresh oxygen. It is like a natural air purifier for the whole planet. Secondly, plants can prevent soil erosion. The roots of plants hold the soil tightly, stopping rainwater from washing away the earth, especially on mountains and hills. Besides, green plants can cool the air and reduce noise. In summer, woods and grasslands are much cooler than streets and buildings. Trees and bushes can also block loud noises from cars and factories, making our living environment quieter and more comfortable. What’s more, many plants can provide food, medicine and materials for humans. Fruits, vegetables and grains all come from plants, and many Chinese traditional medicines are made from plant roots and leaves. However, with the development of cities, more trees are cut down and green land is reduced. Air pollution and sandstorms are becoming more serious. It’s our duty to protect green plants. We can plant trees every year, save paper and avoid destroying grass and flowers around us. Protecting green plants is protecting our own home. 1．What is the main function of photosynthesis of plants? A．Making food for animals. B．Producing oxygen and absorbing CO₂. C．Stopping sandstorms. D．Cooling the surrounding air. 2．What can plant roots do? A．Purify air. B．Reduce noise. C．Hold the soil. D．Produce medicine. 3．How many types of functions of green plants are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 4．Which of the following is NOT true? A．Green plants help keep ecological balance. B．Plants can make our living place quieter. C．All medicines are made from green plants. D．Cutting down too many trees causes pollution. 5．What does the writer advise us to do? A．Use more paper. B．Move to the countryside. C．Protect and plant green plants. D．Build more tall buildings. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了绿色植物的重要性，呼吁人们保护绿色植物，守护我们的家园。 【详解】81．第二段第二句“Through photosynthesis, they take in the carbon dioxide we breathe out and release fresh oxygen.”指出，光合作用的主要功能是吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。 1．第二段第四句“The roots of plants hold the soil tightly, stopping rainwater from washing away the earth…”指出，植物根系的作用是紧紧抓住土壤，防止水土流失。 2．文章主体部分通过四个连接词引出了绿色植物的四大优势：Firstly（产生氧气并吸收二氧化碳）、Secondly（防止水土流失）、Besides（降温和减噪）、What’s more（提供食物、药材、材料）。虽然“Besides”中包含降温和降噪两点，但从文章结构层次来看，主要阐述了四个方面。 3．第三段最后一句“…many Chinese traditional medicines are made from plant roots and leaves.”可知，是“许多”中药源于植物，而非选项C所述的“所有”，该项表述过于绝对，不符合文意。 4．最后一段“It’s our duty to protect green plants. We can plant trees every year…”可知，作者建议我们要保护绿色植物，每年植树，节约用纸等。 Passage 2 (2026·河北石家庄市桥西区·二模) Animals need to send and receive messages with each other like humans. This communication may be to tell others where food is or warn them of danger. Animals communicate to attract mates (配偶) or compete. They also use forms of communication to show feelings such as happiness, sadness, or anger. But how do animals communicate? In movies, animals may talk in language that is clear to humans. But this is not how animals in nature communicate. In fact, animals use many different ways to communicate. The most common way that animals communicate is through sound. For example, some monkeys give out loud alarm calls. If the monkey spots a snake, it will give out an alarm call for all the other monkeys to climb into the trees. Another example is the dolphin. Every dolphin has a different sound so others can know who it is. This is similar to calling someone by his or her name. A second way animals communicate is through touch. For example, giraffes will wrap (缠绕) their necks together if they like each other. Horses touch their noses together as a sign that they are comfortable with another horse. Some monkeys will touch their hands together to say “Hello.” Another type of animal communication is through nonverbal signals (非语言信号). For example, those with a pet dog will know how a dog happily moves its tail. A cat that is scared or feels that it is in danger will stand with its back high. Bees also use a kind of nonverbal communication. They can dance in certain forms to tell others where and how far food is. 1．What are the main purposes of animal communication? ①To copy human language. ②To share the location of food. ③To compete with other animals. ④To express feelings. A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 2．Which word is close to the underlined word “spots”? A．Sees. B．Follows. C．Hides. D．Protects. 3．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．Dogs express happiness by moving their tails. B．Giraffes wrap their necks together if they like each other. C．Horses often touch their noses as a sign of comfort. D．The dance of bees is a smart form of communication. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the text? (① = Paragraph 1, …) A．B． C． D． 5．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Why Animals Need to Communicate B．How Animals Communicate with Each Other C．When Animals Use Body Language D．What Makes Animal Communication Special 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了动物们如何通过声音、触摸和非语言信号等方式进行交流。 【详解】86．根据第一段内容可知，动物交流的目的包括告知食物位置、警告危险、吸引配偶、竞争和表达情感，文中未提到模仿人类语言。因此②分享食物位置、③与其他动物竞争、④表达情感均为交流目的。 1．根据第三段中“If the monkey spots a snake, it will give out an alarm call for all the other monkeys to climb into the trees.”可知，当猴子发现蛇时会发出警报，因此spots意为“看见、发现”，与Sees意思相近。 2．根据文中内容可知，狗摇尾巴、长颈鹿缠绕脖子、马触碰鼻子都是客观描述的动物行为，而“蜜蜂的舞蹈是一种聪明的交流方式”是对行为的主观评价，属于观点。 3．分析文本可知，本文第一段统领全文，第二段引出核心话题，第三至第五段介绍了动物交流的三种方式。因此C选项图示能够说明本文的文章结构。 4．全文主要介绍了动物交流的多种方式，因此最佳标题为“How Animals Communicate with Each Other”。 主题04 人与社会——方法建议 Passage 1 (2026·河北唐山市乐亭县·二模) You’ve made New Year’s resolutions (新年计划) —maybe to learn the guitar, read more books, or get fit. But achieving New Year’s resolutions isn’t easy. A study shows that fewer than 25% of Americans stick to their resolutions after one month, and fewer than 10% finally achieve them. So, how can we make these good habits last? The most important way to form a habit is repetition. That means doing the same action in the same situation over and over again. For example, if you want to start running, do it every morning before breakfast. Have a consistent (一贯的) “cue”. A cue is something that reminds you to act. For example, after you get dressed in the morning, put on your running shoes right away. This creates a strong connection between the cue and the action in your mind, which makes it easier to turn into a habit. Planning also helps. A study found that up to 70% of missed goals are missed because people just forget to do them. So be specific about when, where and how you will perform the habit. For example, instead of saying, “I’ll exercise,” say, “I’ll do 15 minutes of yoga in the living room at 7 a.m.” Another good suggestion for forming habits is to focus on small, simple things first. Drinking a full glass of water every morning is easier to turn into a habit than going to the gym daily, for example. But once you succeed in smaller habits, you can build on them. In short, the key to sticking with good habits is to put the advice into practice: start now, make good habits routine (惯例), and never give up. 1．What percent of Americans failed to achieve their New Year’s resolutions? A．Fewer than 25%. B．More than 75%. C．Fewer than 10%. D．More than 90%. 2．How does the writer support his idea? A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By listing numbers. 3．What does the underlined word “specific” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Clear. B．Careful. C．Serious. D．Nervous. 4．What is the structure (结构) of the text? (① = Paragraph 1, …) A．①②/③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤⑥ 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Developing Habits B．Reasons for Failing to Form Habits C．Ways of Forming Lasting Habits D．Suggestions on Achieving Success 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文探讨新年决心难以坚持的普遍现象，指出超75%的美国人无法坚持一个月，超90%的人最终失败，同时给出养成持久习惯的方法：重复行为、设置固定提示、做好具体规划、从简单小事做起。 【详解】91．根据第一段最后一句“fewer than 10% finally achieve them”最终实现的人少于10%）可知，未能实现（失败）的比例应为100%减去少于10%，即多于90%。 1．通读全文可知，作者在第二、三、四、五段提出建议后，多次使用For example（例如）列举了跑步、穿鞋、瑜伽、喝水等具体实例来支撑其观点。 2．根据划线词后文about when, where and how关于时间、地点和方式以及随后的举例对比可知，specific意为具体的、清晰的。 3．第一段引出新年计划难坚持的话题；第二至五段分别从重复、提示、计划、从小事做起四个方面提出具体建议；第六段总结全文并发出号召。即①/②③④⑤/⑥。 4．文章第一段提出问题“So, how can we make these good habits last?”，随后几段详细介绍了让好习惯持久的具体方法，最后一段总结。C选项“养成持久习惯的方法”最契合文章主旨。 Passage 2 (2026·河南省驻马店汝南县部分学校·二模) 数学焦虑困住你了吗? Do you consider yourself a “math person”? Many students quickly say no. Research shows that feelings about math are shaped more by experiences and feelings than by the natural ability. Some students feel worried when doing tasks like planning how to use pocket money or adding up scores during games.  These feelings are signs of math anxiety (焦虑). Math anxiety often lowers school performance and makes it harder to develop useful skills. Why does math anxiety have such an influence? One key reason is that math anxiety often triggers avoidance. For example, students who have math anxiety may put off homework, cut classes, or choose courses with less math required. Avoidance brings comfort for a moment, but it makes learning harder. Dealing with avoidance early can help prevent longer-term difficulties in school and future work. A promising way to solve this problem is to use ideas from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT, 认知行为疗法), which teaches people to notice negative (消极的) thoughts that cause anxiety and face difficult situations little by little. Based on these ideas from CBT, students can also use simple ways to build confidence. One is to practice math as fast or as slowly as they can without worrying about grades or deadlines. Start with small steps like reviewing basic ideas or solving easy problems. It can make math easier to manage. Another way is to use math in everyday situations. Activities like adding up costs for a project let students use math in familiar ways. With repeated practice in real situations, fear decreases, and students feel more in control and less likely to avoid math. Math anxiety is not something to be afraid of, and it can be reduced (减少) through practice. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Who is probably experiencing math anxiety according to the text? A．Harrison, who wastes pocket money on useless things. B．Cindy, who cares deeply about what others think of her. C．Ann, who worries about adding up scores during games. D．Stephen, who has trouble noticing his negative thoughts. 2．Which of the following can take the place of “triggers” in the text? A．cancels B．breaks C．requires D．causes 3．What does CBT encourage students to do? A．Face difficulties little by little. B．Correct their own mistakes. C．Develop new and useful skills. D．Leave their troubles behind. 4．How does the writer introduce ways to build confidence? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 5．新考法判断作者的观点  Which of the following would the writer most probably agree? A．Math anxiety will disappear naturally over time. B．Taking practical action helps reduce math anxiety. C．Feeling afraid of math anxiety helps in some ways. D．Feelings about math are shaped by the natural ability. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是数学焦虑、其产生的影响，并给出了利用认知行为疗法缓解数学焦虑、建立自信的方法。 【详解】96．第二段第二句“Some students feel worried when doing tasks like… adding up scores during games. These feelings are signs of math anxiety.”可知，在游戏期间计算分数时感到担心是数学焦虑的表现。 1．第三段画线词后的内容“For example, students who have math anxiety may put off homework, cut classes…”，可知，数学焦虑会导致学生逃避学习。因此triggers在此处意为“引起、导致”，与causes意思相近。 2．根据文章第四段最后一句“…which teaches people to notice negative thoughts that cause anxiety and face difficult situations little by little.”，可知，认知行为疗法（CBT）鼓励人们逐步面对困难情况。 3．根据文章第五段内容，作者在介绍建立自信的方法时，使用了“One is to…, Another way is…”并列举了具体活动，如“reviewing basic ideas”和“adding up costs for a project”。这是通过举例子（giving examples）的方式来阐述观点。 4．根据文章最后一段“Math anxiety is not something to be afraid of, and it can be reduced through practice.”，以及全文内容可知，作者认为通过练习和实际行动可以减少数学焦虑。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1：1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．C Passage 2：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D Passage 3：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B Passage 4：1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C Passage 5：1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B Passage 2：1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 主题03 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C Passage 2：1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D Passage 3：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 主题01 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C Passage 2：1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D Passage 2：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D Passage 3：1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B Passage 4：1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 主题03 人与自然——动植物 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C Passage 2：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 主题04 人与社会——方法建议 Passage 1：1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C Passage 2：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $