专题14：（初升高）句子成分+题型组合练-2026年新高一英语精品专题宝典（全国通用)

( 句子成份+ 题型组合练 ) ( 专题 14 ) ( 知识点 回顾 ) 【课前检测】 划分句子成分 1．I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time. 2．We are making our country more and more beautiful. 3．I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. 4．I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning. 5．Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers. 6．She made it her business to find out who was responsible. ( 知识点梳理 ) 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. ( 经典精讲 ) 1. 句子的成分：句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分，即：主语、谓语、表语、 宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分：主语 和 谓语 句子的成分 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语 等 (1) 主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首， Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、 Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词 ) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2. 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么” Predicative 或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物 Object 动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句） 宾语种类：< 1 > 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 ※ 有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语 可带双宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。 “七 给” 一 “带” to不少, “ 买 ” 画 “ 制作” for来了。 带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括如下： 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring) 8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如：He lent some money to me. 类似动词的还有：get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等 2、“buy” (买) ；“draw” (画) ；“make” (制作) 三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如：Mother bought a new dress for me。 类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 如：Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a question. 我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 < 2 >复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如： They elected him their monitor 宾语 宾语补足语 （五）宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、 Object Complement形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make, let, see, find, name等）或介词（如with）+ 宾语 + 宾补。例如： His father named him Dong Ming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. （副词） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the room. （现在分词） He found the door locked. （过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句) （六） 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由名词、形容词、 Attributive 代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词） China is a developing country. （现在分词） America is a developed country. （过去分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His maths is very good. （形容词性物主代词） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn German. （介词短语） （七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、 Adverbial 地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副词的词组或短语等来充当。如： Light travels most quickly. (副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (现在分词短语) Wait a minute. （名词） Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） 状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、伴随状语、比较状语等。如： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night he didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. （条件状语从句） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语） She came in with a book in her hand. （伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语从句） She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语从句） I am taller than he is. （比较状语从句） 八、独立成分：与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分 感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah,等。 肯定词:yes 否定词:no 称呼语：称呼人的用语。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end. 我相信,这个故事还远没结束. 分析下列句子成分 1.Our school is not far from my home. 2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3.All of us considered him honest. 4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5.He broke a piece of glass. 6.He made it clear that he would leave the city． 7.---I love you more than her，child ． 8.Tees turn green when spring comes. 9.They pushed the door open. 10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 13.We need a place twice larger than this one. 14.He asked us to sing an English song. 15.Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like． ( 实战演练 ) 一、指出下列句子中每段画横线部分的句子成分 1．The_judge doesn't consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．To_my_surprise,_the_entrance to_the_mine was_closed. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Recently,_the_Russians_and_Germans have_built a_new_Amber_Room at_the_summer_palace. ________________________________________________________________________ 4．Later,_Catherine_Ⅱ had the_Amber_Room moved to_a_palace outside_St_Petersburg where_she_spent_her_summers. ________________________________________________________________________ 二、完成句子，每空一词 1．我很器重那些一直寻找琥珀屋的人。 I ________ ________ ________ those ________ ________ been searching for the Amber Room. 2．你认为琥珀屋应属于谁？ Who do you think the Amber Room ________ ________？ 3．我们还没有决定什么时候再讨论这个问题？ We haven't decided ________ ________ ________ the question again. 4．每天他被迫从早到晚工作。 Every day he ________ ________ to work from morning till night. 5．近来，我在学生中进行了一次调查。 Recently I ________ ________ a survey among the students. ( 巩固练习 ) 句子成分练习题 1. 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分） ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分） （ ）① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall （ ）② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer （ ）③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus （ ）④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon （ ）⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast （ ）⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework （ ）⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is （ ）⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor （ ）⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music （ ）⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book 3. 找出下列句中的表语（5分） ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. 4. 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分） ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦ They made him monitor of the class. ⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. 5. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分） ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 6. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分） ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 7. 找出下列句中的定语（6分） ① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. ② What is your given name? ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! 8. 找出下列句中的状语（8分） ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books. ⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. ( 能力训练 ) 书面表达 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter沉溺于网络游戏不能自拔，甚至不听父母劝阻想要离家出走。请根据以下要点提示，写信劝他放弃这个想法。 要点提示：1. 网瘾的危害；2. 要尊重父母并道歉；3. 建议他管理好自己的时间。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 ( 实战演练 ) 一、指出下列句子中每段画横线部分的句子成分 答案： 一、1.主语；谓语；宾语从句(1)；宾语从句(2) 2．状语；主语；(后置)定语；谓语 3．状语；主语；谓语；宾语；(地点)状语 4．状语；主语；谓语；宾语；宾补；状语；(后置定语)；定语从句 二、完成句子，每空一词 二、1.think highly of; who have　2.belongs to 3．when to discuss　4.is forced 5．have made ( 能力训练 ) 书面表达 Dear Peter, I’m sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents. I think it’s unwise to make such a decision. Addicted to playing online games, you are not only wasting your valuable time but also hurting the feelings of your parents. Judging from your last letter, your parents are living a simple life to save every penny for your future. Therefore, wouldn’t it be reasonable for you to respect them, have a talk with them and apologize? Meanwhile, you should manage your time more wisely and find some meaningful ways to spend your free time, such as playing sports with your friends, learning a new language, etc. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $