专题8：（初升高）定语从句（上）+题型组合练-2026年新高一英语精品专题宝典（全国通用）

( 定语从句（上） + 题型组合练 ) ( 专题8 ) ( 知识点睛 ) 　定语从句功用和结构、关系代词和关系副词的功用 一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如： I don’t like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 小试牛刀： 1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place     _____I have ever visited.   A. there       B. when      C. where       D. which 6. I still remember the days _____________we spent together. 7. I still remember the days ___________ we stayed together. 8. This is the factory ___________ we visited last year. 9. This is the factory ___________ we worked last year. 总结要点： 1．高考对定语从句的考查集中在对关系代词、关系副词的选用上，故分清句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。 (1)当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who(指人)/that(指人或物)/which(指物)/whom(指人)/whose(指人或物)。 The person who called yesterday wants to buy the house. 昨天打电话的人想买这套房子。 The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2)当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，要想到分别采用when，where，why。 I still remember the day when/on which I first came to this school. 我仍旧记得第一次来这个学校的那一天。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。 2．注意以下几点： (1)定语从句中用that不用which的情况： ①当先行词是all，any，anything，everthing，nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时； ②当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时； ③当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时； ④当先行词既有人又有物时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 They will never forget the persons and things that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (2)判定定语从句部分关系词的“四步走”策略： 首先找出先行词和定语从句，然后把先行词与定语从句组成一个句意完整、结构完整的句子(可增加介词)；接着分析组成的句子中先行词(包括加入的介词)在句中充当什么成分；最后依据关系代词或关系副词在句中充当的成分填入合适的关系词。 ( 经典精讲 ) I. 填空练习： 1．But Sarah，____________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 2．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ____________ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. 3．My eldest son，____________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. 4．Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.____________________ II. 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1.The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. 2.The students will not pass the exam. They do not study hard. 3.The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.  4.I don't know the reason. You quarreled with him. 5. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop. 6. The lab is not far from here. The chemist often does experiments there. 7.We shall remember the days. We studied together then. 8.The books on the desk are prizes for us. Its covers are shiny . 9. The Voice of China has set up a stage. Some people can realize their dreams on it. 10. March is precious time of the year in most Chinese tea villages. Locals start to pick and process tea in this time. ( 实战演练 ) 单句语法填空 1．This woman has set a good example to her son, ____________ is a really lucky guy. 2．Over the years, I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，____________ way of talking about people inspired me. 3．The shelter, ____________ is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market，has become an attraction itself. 4．The old man turned his business over to his younger son, ____________ made his elder son discouraged. II’. 使用定语从句翻译句子 1．这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。(exciting) 2．她给我看了她花了很多钱买的那本字典。(pay) 3．我仍然记得我第一次到这个学校的那一天。(first) 4. 上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。(see) 5．他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。(hear) ( 能力训练 ) I. 语法填空 The origin of tea is lost among history and tales. What can be 1.____________(rough) confirmed is that tea originated in the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 2.____________(discover) the effects of tea is said to be Shennong—the father of agriculture and herbal 3.____________(medical) in China. It 4.____________(say) that Shennong once tried 72 different kinds of poisonous plants in a day and he lay on the ground, barely alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant leaves 5.____________(drop) from the tree beside him. Out 6.____________curiosity and habit, Shennong put the leaves into his mouth and chewed 7.____________ slowly. After a little while, he felt well and 8.____________(energy) again. So he picked more leaves to eat 9.____________thus cleared his body from poison. The ancient Chinese medical book called Shennong Bencaojing states that “Tea tastes bitter. Drinking it, one can think quicker, sleep 10.____________(little), move more swiftly, and see more clearly.” This then was the earliest book to record the medicinal effects of tea. II. 阅读七选五 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 All of us deserve to be able to enjoy life without being bothered about anything. 36. _____If you really want to stop being shy, it is very important that you come out of the shell and develop your personality. For an introverted（内向的）person, shyness can be natural personality trait(特征). 37. ______. They are as follows: Improve Your Self-esteem(自尊) Understand your strong points and keep focus on them. Accept that you are different, and appreciate yourself the way you are. Invest some more time in improving your physical appearance. 38. _______. Try to figure out the root cause of your shyness. Basically, there are two major reasons that make people shy. One is that they are extremely self-conscious. So they put a lot of attention on whether they are behaving in the right manner or not. 39. ________. They feel that there is nothing interesting around them. Both these factors make them very nervous. Practice Conversation 40. _____There is an old saying that practice makes perfect. To start with, stand in front of a mirror, think of a subject of your choice and talk to yourself. It may sound really silly, but it works. You should stop being shy and start conversation with others. It is important for you to achieve your personal goals in life. A. Therefore, you needn't be shy. B. The other is that they have a negative attitude towards their life. C. However, those who are shy hold themselves back from doing so. D. It makes a lot of difference as it increases the level of self-confidence. E. However, it can be reduced to some range with the help of a few simple steps. F. People who feel shy can't get in touch with others willingly, so they like to stay at home. G. Those who are shy find it difficult to communicate with others, but the conversation skills can be improved with a bit of practice. 参考答案 ( 经典精讲 ) II. 填空练习： 1．But Sarah，____________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. who　解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用who。 2．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ____________ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. where　解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示地点的the garden，故填where。 3．My eldest son，____________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. whose　解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作work的定语，故用whose。 4．Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.____________________ they→that/which　解析：分析句子结构可知，things后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用that或which。 ( 实战演练 ) 单句语法填空 1．This woman has set a good example to her son, ____________ is a really lucky guy. who　解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限性定语从句，先行词为her son，故用who。 2．Over the years, I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，____________ way of talking about people inspired me. whose　解析：考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan and Bernice。 3．The shelter, ____________ is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market，has become an attraction itself. which　解析：考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。 4．The old man turned his business over to his younger son, ____________ made his elder son discouraged. which　解析：句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。 II’. 使用定语从句翻译句子 参考答案： 1.This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen． 2. She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot of money． 3. I still remember the day when I first came to the school． 4. The man whom/that you saw last week has left the town. 5. He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard. ( 能力训练 ) II. 语法填空 [解题导语]　本文介绍了“茶”的起源。 1．roughly　解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词。故填 roughly “粗略地”。 2．to discover　解析：考查非谓语动词。不定式短语作后置定语。故填 to discover。 3．medicine　解析：考查词性转换。形容词 herbal “药草的”修饰名词。故填 medicine。herbal medicine 意为“草药”。 4．is said　解析：考查被动语态。根据语境可知，据说神农曾一天之内尝试了72种不同的有毒植物。It is said that意为“据说……”。 5．dropping　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此时，他注意到几片芳香的叶子正从他旁边的树上掉落下来。空处强调“正在掉落”，故用 drop 的现在分词形式。 6．of　解析：考查介词。短语 out of curiosity 意为“出于好奇”。 7．them　解析：考查代词。根据语境可分析出，空处指代 and 前的leaves, 指咀嚼“它们”。故填 them。 8．energetic　解析：考查词性转换。感官动词felt 后应用形容词，故填 energetic。 9．and　解析：考查连词。该空前后表示顺承关系，故用and。 10．less　解析：考查比较级。此处与文中的“think quicker”和“move more swiftly, and see more clearly”为并列结构，故填less。 II. 阅读七选五 36. C【解析】由上文的“enjoy life without being bothered about anything"可知，害羞的人是做不到不被任何事情打扰而享受生活的。故选C。 37. E【解析】根据设空处后的“They are as follows”并结合上下文内容可知，可以采取几个简单步骤将害羞减少到某个范围。故选E。 38. D 【解析】由本段标题Improve Your Self-esteem以及设空处前的内容可知，要正视自己，接受自己与众不同的现实，并投入时间改善外貌，因为自信心提高了，就会与以前有很大差别。故选D。 39. B【解析】由设空处前信息“there are two major reasons that make people shy. One is that they are extremely self-conscious"并结合选项可知，作者介绍了两种造成人们害羞的主要原因，设空处为第二个原因，即对生活持否定态度。故选B。 40. G【解析】根据本段标题Practice Conversation以及内容可知，害羞的人认为与他人交流是困难的，但是交谈的技能可以通过训练提高。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $