组合练八 灾害防范与宇宙探索（2）-【高考领航】2027年高考英语总复习四测通关卷

**基本信息** 聚焦灾害防范与宇宙探索主题，整合科技文本阅读与情境写作，构建"现象-原理-应用"的逻辑认知链，培养科学思维与跨文化沟通能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解C|4题|科技说明文本，考查细节理解与主旨归纳|从现象描述到原理分析，再到应用前景与挑战| |阅读理解D|4题|科学实验报告，考查实验目的与结论理解|实验设计→结果分析→未来展望的科学研究逻辑| |完形填空|15题|人物故事类，考查语境词汇运用|个人经历→挑战克服→成就实现的叙事逻辑| |读后续写|1题|社区灾害应对，考查情节发展与情感表达|问题呈现→行动发起→社区参与的问题解决逻辑|

组合练八　灾害防范与宇宙探索(2) (时间：45分钟　满分：60分) Ⅰ.阅读理解C、D篇(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) C Grinding(磨碎) rocks and spreading them over farmland may sound like a strange way to combat climate change, but this approach, known as enhanced rock weathering, is gaining attention as a promising carbon removal strategy. The technique speeds up a natural geological process and was recently highlighted in the XPrize Carbon Removal competition. A UK-based startup called Undo received $5 million for applying this method to croplands in Canada. In a trial, they removed 1，209 tons of carbon dioxide over a year. Here's how it works. Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and becomes slightly acidic. When it falls on certain rocks, it begins a chemical reaction that breaks down the rock. This process collects and carries it into rivers and oceans, where it can be stored for thousands of years. Enhanced rock weathering works on a larger and faster scale by crushing specific rocks into fine powder and spreading them across farmland. This increases the surface area available for chemical reactions, pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it long-term. The benefits extend beyond carbon removal. Farmers using this method may also see increased crop yields and healthier soil. Rocks contain beneficial minerals like calcium, which can improve acidic soils, balance nutrients, and reduce input costs for farmers. However, there are challenges to applying this method. The needed minerals aren't available everywhere, and transporting crushed rocks can be costly and generate emissions(排放). Additionally, the energy and emissions associated with mining, grinding, and transporting rocks are concerns. Despite these issues, the scientific community is optimistic. It's estimated that billions of tons of carbon dioxide should be removed per year to meet climate targets. Enhanced rock weathering could potentially increase the natural process's carbon removal capacity by four to five times if widely used. Undo is currently expanding its operations in Canada and the UK and plans to eventually bring the benefits to smallholders and developing regions. Backed by climate investors and major corporations, Undo aims to bring enhanced rock weathering into mainstream carbon removal strategies. 1．What does enhanced rock weathering do to help the climate? A．It increases rainfall on farms. B．It stops the use of fossil fuels. C．It creates new types of soil. D．It removes CO2 from the atmosphere. 2．What are the benefits for farmers using enhanced rock weathering? A．Added output and better soil. B．Reduced need for water. C．Lowered transportation costs. D．Increased access to buyers. 3．Why might it be difficult to promote this method everywhere? A．It is difficult to meet climate targets. B．Suitable rocks are not attainable in all areas. C．Drivers are unwilling to transport crushed rocks. D．Scientists worry about its carbon removal ability. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．A new contest for climate change. B．Improving global farming techniques. C．Using rocks to reduce climate change. D．A company's plan to help small farmers. D For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it's possible to grow the thale cress(拟南芥), a small flowering plant, in lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer-space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “This is a key step toward sustaining the next generation of explorers who will live and work on the moon. It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” While previous studies have dusted plants with lunar soil to test for organisms, until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate(模拟) Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place，” he said. “How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants？” The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 5．What does Ferl think of the findings? A．They bring hope for the future agriculture. B．They guarantee the success of future lunar settlements. C．They benefit the next generation of lunar explorers. D．They turn the moon into a perfect launching platform. 6．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．Its genes are suitable for lunar soil. B．It has a long evolutionary history. C．It has been dusted with lunar soil before. D．People have a good knowledge of its genes. 7．What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soil? A．They absorbed few nutrients. B．They didn't grow well enough. C．They grew slowly in the dark. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Scientists Hope to Collect More Lunar Soil B．Scientists Conduct a Study on Lunar Soil C．Scientists Prepare for Farming on the Moon D．Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil Successfully Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Edward J．Dwight Jr. has waited a long time for his ride into space. In the 1960s, he seemed ready to become America's first Black __9__. That dream was never realized. Now, at age 90, he's about to finally get his __10__， aboard a Blue Origin rocket. “They called me up and asked me if I was __11__. And of course I said yes，” Dwight says. While Dwight won't be the first African American in space—that __12__ went to Guion Bluford Jr. in 1983—he will be the oldest person to go there, __13__ Star Trek actor William Shatner, who flew aboard a Blue Origin rocket in 2021. For many his age, a journey into space would seem __14__. Dwight says he's ready to go. He points out that the difficulties of his upcoming __15__ won't be much different from what he __16__ as a test pilot in the Air Force. “I've pulled more G's than any person on Earth，” he __17__ it with a bitter smile. Space health expert Dorit Donoviel says the 11-minute flight means many of the __18__ about the long-term effects of deep-space missions won't come into play. “The main thing we worry about is the G forces，” says Donoviel. __19__， she points out that the seats are __20__ at 20 or 30 degrees. “As you're experiencing the G-forces, you're getting it through the __21__， which is not affecting your head，” Donoviel says. “It's distributed through the chest, which really shouldn't __22__ very much.” And then there's the landing. “It's not even a controlled crash. It's a crash，” Donoviel says. Still, she __23__ no issues. 9．A.student B．astronaut C．customer D．expert 10．A.shot B．name C．money D．job 11．A.convinced B．excited C．interested D．confused 12．A.honor B．wonder C．account D．prize 13．A.paying back B．edging out C．running after D．laughing at 14．A.unthinkable B．possible C．essential D．invaluable 15．A.risk B．test C．flight D．training 16．A.imagined B．researched C．experienced D．dreamed 17．A.realizes B．puts C．doubts D．shows 18．A.benefits B．solutions C．regulations D．concerns 19．A.Eventually B．Consequently C．Somehow D．However 20．A.reserved B．produced C．angled D．exchanged 21．A.seat B．chest C．door D．foot 22．A.work B．fail C．speed D．matter 23．A.promises B．encounters C．remembers D．discusses 答 题 栏 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答案 题号 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 Ⅲ.读后续写(满分25分) In a coastal neighborhood where the salty breeze whispered through the trees, lived a man named Jackson, famous for his helpful nature. The community he was part of was no stranger to the destruction of typhoons, which would occasionally sweep in from the sea, unleashing their anger upon the land. One year, a particularly fierce typhoon struck, its strong winds tearing through the town like a wild beast. Among the much damage it left behind, a large tree in Jackson's community was uprooted, whose massive trunk became a barrier that blocked the main path, making it difficult for the residents to move about. The tree was big, its thick branches sprawling across the ground like the body of a giant. It was far too heavy to be moved by hand. And with the aftermath of the typhoon still being dealt with, the vehicles that were usually sent to handle such situations were delayed. As the residents gathered around the fallen tree, a buzz of conversation filled the air. People all spoke up and expressed their views, but no one seemed willing to take the initiative. It was as if they were all waiting for someone else to step up and lead the way. Seeing the situation, Jackson decided to take matters into his own hands. He called out to his neighbors, urging them to bring the tools they had—saws(锯), axes and anything that could help in cutting and moving the tree. However, his appeal was met with hesitation, and for a while, nothing changed. Determined to make a difference, Jackson decided to set an example. He went back to his house and returned with a sturdy saw. With a resolute expression, he approached the fallen tree and began to saw through its thick trunk. His neighbors, who had been mere spectators, began to take notice. Jackson's figure resonated with them as he worked tirelessly, braving the heat and the difficulty of the task. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Inspired by Jackson's lead，they joined in the effort. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jackson's action made an impact on the community._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 组合练八　灾害防范与宇宙探索(2) Ⅰ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“增强岩石风化”技术，该技术通过粉碎岩石并撒在农田上，加速碳吸收以应对气候变化。 1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grinding(磨碎) rocks and spreading them... is gaining attention as a promising carbon removal strategy.”及第二段中“This increases the surface area available for chemical reactions, pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it long-term.”可知，增强型岩石风化技术通过从大气中去除二氧化碳来助力应对气候变化。 2．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Farmers using this method may also see increased crop yields and healthier soil.”可知，使用增强岩石风化的方法后，农民可以提高庄稼产量并改善土壤。 3．B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“The needed minerals aren't available everywhere, and transporting crushed rocks can be costly and generate emissions(排放)．”可推断，很难在所有地方推广这种方法是因为不是在所有地区都能找到合适的岩石。 4．C　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Grinding(磨碎) rocks and spreading them... is gaining attention as a promising carbon removal strategy.”可知，文章围绕“增强型岩石风化技术” 展开，开篇介绍其作为固碳策略的价值，中间阐述原理、农业效益，接着说明挑战与前景。故本文的核心是“利用岩石减少大气中的二氧化碳以应对气候变化”。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家成功在月球土壤中种植拟南芥，研究其生长情况及对月球的影响，为未来月球种植和定居带来希望。 5．C　推理判断题。根据第一段“... The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon... that's already there to grow plants.”可推断，Ferl认为这些研究结果会使未来的月球探索者获益。 6．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.”可知，研究人员使用拟南芥是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。 7．B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However, they did observe differences... while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.”可知，在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。 8．D　标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Now, scientists have taken ‘one small step’ towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it's possible to grow the thale cress(拟南芥), a small flowering plant, in lunar soil.”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家成功地在月球土壤中种植了拟南芥。故Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil Successfully适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了90岁高龄的Edward J．Dwight Jr.乘坐火箭进入太空，实现了多年的梦想。 9．B　在20世纪60年代，他似乎准备好成为美国第一位黑人宇航员(astronaut)。 10．A　现在，90岁的他终于要得到他的(太空飞行)机会(shot)，乘坐蓝色起源的火箭。 11．C　“他们打电话问我是否感兴趣(interested)。” 12．A　虽然Dwight不会是第一个进入太空的非裔美国人——1983年，这一荣誉(honor)被授予Guion Bluford Jr.——他将成为进入太空的最年长的人，以微弱优势胜过(edging out)Star Trek的演员William Shatner。 13．B　见上题解析。 14．A　对于许多他这个年纪的人来说，太空之旅似乎是不可想象的(unthinkable)。 15．C　他指出，他即将到来的飞行(flight)的困难与他作为空军试飞员所经历的(experienced)没有太大不同。 16．C　见上题解析。 17．B　他苦笑着说(puts)：“我承受过的重力比地球上任何人都多。” 18．D　太空健康专家Dorit Donoviel说，这11分钟的飞行意味着许多关于深空任务长期影响的担忧(concerns)将不会发挥作用。 19．D　然而(However)，她指出座椅呈20或30度角(angled)。 20．C　见上题解析。 21．B　Donoviel说：“当你感受重力时，力通过胸部(chest)传递，而不会影响到头部。力通过胸部分散，这真的应该不太要紧(matter)。” 22．D　见上题解析。 23．A　尽管如此，她承诺(promises)不会出现问题。 Ⅲ. One possible version： Inspired by Jackson's lead, they joined in the effort. The once quiet street was now filled with the sounds of sawing and chopping, a symphony of community spirit in action. Children helped by carrying away the smaller branches, while the adults tackled the larger ones. Together, they transformed the scene from one of disorder to one of purposeful cooperation. The tree, which had stood as a symbol of nature's power, now became a testament to the community's unity. As the final pieces were moved aside, a cheer rose from the group, a celebration of their collective victory. Jackson's action made an impact on the community. Later, when people in the community were in trouble, there was always someone who would lend a helping hand. People would greet each other with a smile. The whole neighborhood presented a harmonious scene. The fallen tree, once a source of inconvenience, stood as a reminder of what could be achieved when neighbors worked together. And as the community returned to their daily routines, they did so with a renewed appreciation for the kindness of a man named Jackson. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $