阅读理解 02 科技解决问题类阅读理解经典语篇-2027届高考英语备考优质模拟试题精选专训

2027届高考备考模拟精选 02 阅读理解—科技解决问题类 模拟·话题预览 话题1 自然固氮 话题2 通过优化植物根系固碳 话题3 减少自来水中微塑料污染 话题4 利用AI预测地震 话题5新型离子热制冷技术 话题6 减少遭受洪水的威胁 话题7 识别癌变组织影像 话题8 全新的大气集水技术 话题9 机器人提升群体协作效率 话题10天气预测模型 话题11预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具 话题12利用激光实现纸质包装无添加剂密封 话题13脊髓损伤患者的商业脑机接口设备 话题14 3D打印复杂血管树的技术工具 话题15 机器人模仿鸟鸣 Passage 1 话题：提倡自然固氮方式，以更好助力森林固碳、减缓气候变化 体裁：科普 词数：340 （2027·湖北枣阳市第一中学学情诊断）Newly published research finds that tropical forests can recover up to twice as fast after deforestation with sufficient soil nitrogen (氮). Scientists from the University of Leeds launched the largest and longest experiment ever designed to examine how nutrients affect forest regrowth in tropical areas cleared for activities such as logging and agriculture. They selected 76 forest plots across Central America and monitored them for up to 20 years. Each site differed in age and size, allowing the team to track tree growth and death during forest recovery. Different nutrient treatments were applied to test nutrient roles. Some were given nitrogen fertiliser, some phosphorus (磷), some both, and others none. The results showed that the levels of nutrients in the soil strongly influence tropical forest regrowth speed: nitrogen-rich forests recovered twice as fast as nitrogen-lacking ones, while phosphorus alone had no such effect. The findings were published on January 13 in the journal Nature Communications. Lead author Wenguang Tang said, “Our study is inspiring because it suggests there are ways we can boost the storage of greenhouse gases through reforestation by managing the nutrients available to trees.” The research team used nitrogen fertiliser for the purposes of the experiment but does not advocate for fertilising forests, as that would have negative consequences, including polluting rivers and lakes and making the soil too weak for trees to stay healthy. Instead, the team suggests more sustainable alternatives. Forest managers could plant trees from the bean family, which host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root systems that can naturally fertilise the forest. Another option is restoring forests in areas that already have sufficient nitrogen due to the effects of air pollution. Tropical forests are seen as vital global carbon sinks which slow climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and storing it in trees. If young tropical forests worldwide lack nitrogen, they may fail to store about 0.69 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year — roughly equal to two years of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas release in the U. K. 1．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By making comparison. B．By explaining the process. C．By clarifying the principles. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 2．What did the experiment find about forest regrowth? A．Nitrogen doubles the recovery speed. B．Mixed nutrients work the best among all. C．Phosphorus can aid forest regrowth indirectly. D．Forests boost the storage of greenhouse gases. 3．What can be inferred from the researchers’ recommendation? A．Fertilisers should be made full use of. B．Using nitrogen leads to harmful side effects. C．People should turn to nature-based solutions. D．Bean trees need to be planted in polluted areas. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Nitrogen: Key to Forest Regrowth B．Nitrogen: Impact on Climate Change C．Tropical Forests: Recovering Soon D．Tropical Forests: Global Carbon Sinks 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文介绍了新研究发现，土壤氮能让热带森林恢复速度翻倍。利兹大学通过长期实验证实氮的关键作用，不建议人工施肥，提倡自然固氮方式，以更好助力森林固碳、减缓气候变化。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“They selected 76 forest plots across Central America and monitored them for up to 20 years. Each site differed in age and size, allowing the team to track tree growth and death during forest recovery. Different nutrient treatments were applied to test nutrient roles. Some were given nitrogen fertiliser, some phosphorus (磷), some both, and others none. (他们选定了中美洲76个森林样地，并对这些样地进行了长达20年的监测。每个样地的年龄和面积各不相同，使研究团队能够追踪森林恢复过程中树木的生长与死亡情况。研究人员对不同营养处理进行了测试，以探究养分的作用。部分样地施用氮肥，部分施用磷肥，有些同时施用两种，还有一些则未施任何肥料。)”可知，第二段揭示了实验的过程。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The results showed that the levels of nutrients in the soil strongly influence tropical forest regrowth speed: nitrogen-rich forests recovered twice as fast as nitrogen-lacking ones, while phosphorus alone had no such effect. (结果表明，土壤中营养元素的含量对热带森林的再生速度有显著影响：氮含量丰富的森林恢复速度是缺乏氮的森林的两倍，而仅磷则没有这种影响。)”可知，该实验发现氮元素能加快恢复速度。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Instead, the team suggests more sustainable alternatives. Forest managers could plant trees from the bean family, which host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root systems that can naturally fertilise the forest. Another option is restoring forests in areas that already have sufficient nitrogen due to the effects of air pollution. (相反，该团队提出了更具可持续性的替代方案。森林管理者可以种植豆科树木，这类植物的根系中含有固氮细菌，能够自然为森林提供养分。另一种选择是在受空气污染影响而已具备足够氮素的地区恢复森林。)”可知，人们应该寻求基于自然的解决方案。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Newly published research finds that tropical forests can recover up to twice as fast after deforestation with sufficient soil nitrogen (氮). Scientists from the University of Leeds launched the largest and longest experiment ever designed to examine how nutrients affect forest regrowth in tropical areas cleared for activities such as logging and agriculture. (最新发表的研究发现，只要土壤中氮素充足，热带森林在砍伐后恢复速度可达到原来的两倍。利兹大学的科学家们启动了有史以来规模最大、持续时间最长的实验，旨在研究养分如何影响热带地区因伐木和农业等活动而被清除的森林再生。)”结合文章主要说明了新研究发现，土壤氮能让热带森林恢复速度翻倍。利兹大学通过长期实验证实氮的关键作用，不建议人工施肥，提倡自然固氮方式，以更好助力森林固碳、减缓气候变化。可知，A选项“氮：森林再生的关键”最符合文章标题。 Passage 2 话题：通过优化植物根系固碳 体裁：科普 词数：321 Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 1．What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A．Keeping more carbon in plants. B．Optimizing the use of energy. C．Enhancing biological diversity. D．Reducing carbon absorption. 2．Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A．To generate plant images. B．To conduct research on animals. C．To study climate patterns. D．To track features of root growth. 3．What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A．Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B．Collect samples of plant root systems. C．Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D．Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 4．What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A．Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B．Computer programming is a must for scientists. C．Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D．Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物AI工具SLEAP应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这也是跨学科合作的成果。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization ( 优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根系，利用其吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克研究所的科学家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. (SLEAP 由索尔克研究所的塔尔莫・佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室中追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP是为了开展动物相关研究。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. (此外，追踪这些植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让索尔克研究所的研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别出利于培育理想根系的基因。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts. (我们不只是从不同学科中‘借鉴’，而是真正让各学科处于平等地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”可知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C项。 Passage 3 话题：解决微塑料污染 体裁：科普 词数：330 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 1. C推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 2. A细节理解题。根据第二段的“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.( 至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，决定在水中捕获微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故选A。 3. B推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.( 尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 4. D细节理解题。根据最后一段的““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”( 格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛（Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay）没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。”)”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了这项发现的潜在应用，升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 Passage 4 话题：利用AI预测地震的新方法 体裁：科普 词数：317 （2027·河北省沧州市阶段检测）Earthquake prediction has long been a tough problem in geoscience. Traditional methods struggle to detect reliable early warnings, because slight pre-quake signals are often hidden in numerous ordinary ground movements, making it difficult for scientists to tell genuine seismic (地震的) patterns from random noise. Fortunately, a new study adopts innovative artificial intelligence technology to identify hidden earthquake early signs that traditional methods fail to recognize. Researchers from the GFZ Helmholtz Center for Geosciences, including Dr. Sadegh Karimpouli, worked with international partners to build a data-driven method for spotting changes in seismic activity before some large earthquakes. In conventional systems, seismic identification criteria are set by humans in advance. Instead, this new method employs self-organizing machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence that independently sorts underground patterns and spots abnormal activities. This data-driven method was tested on several major earthquake sequences (序列). In those cases, the method’s analysis detected distinct foreshock patterns that appeared weeks to months before the mainshock. These patterns show three main features: growing groups of small ground shakes, concentrated seismic distribution and greater release of underground pressure, which signal the gradual instability of local rocks. The test results also revealed an important boundary of the method. Some earthquakes, such as the 2024 Noto earthquake in Japan, occur when underground rocks break suddenly with no clear early changes and send out no detectable pre-quake signals, which restricts the wide application of this new detection method. Even so, the new AI technique can greatly lift prediction accuracy as an auxiliary tool, instead of taking the place of traditional monitoring systems. Combining machine learning with geological knowledge, this AI method effectively tracks underground stress changes and identifies geological abnormalities in advance. It offers a new perspective for geoscience, improving the sensitivity of earthquake early warnings. All the same, further work is needed to perfect the system before it can be used for real-time disaster prevention. 1．How does the AI method differ from traditional systems? A．It can easily avoid random noise. B．It analyzes seismic data automatically. C．It is intended for small earthquakes. D．It relies on preset monitoring standards. 2．What do the distinct foreshock patterns indicate? A．Seismic activities spread to wider areas. B．Earthquakes will happen several years later. C．Nearby ground is on the way to breaking apart. D．More small grouped shocks follow mainshocks. 3．What does the underlined word “auxiliary” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Assisting. B．Independent. C．Existing. D．Automatic. 4．What is the author’s overall attitude toward the AI method? A．Favorable. B．Conservative. C．Negative. D．Objective. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】文章主要介绍利用AI预测地震的新方法，阐述其优势、局限与发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In conventional systems, seismic identification criteria are set by humans in advance. Instead, this new method employs self-organizing machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence that independently sorts underground patterns and spots abnormal activities. (在传统系统中，地震识别标准由人类预先设定。而这种新方法则采用了自组织机器学习——一种能够自主归类地下模式并识别异常活动的人工智能。)”可知，AI方法和传统系统的区别在于它可以自动分析地震数据，无需人类提前设定识别标准。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“These patterns show three main features: growing groups of small ground shakes, concentrated seismic distribution and greater release of underground pressure, which signal the gradual instability of local rocks. (这些模式表现出三个主要特征：小规模地面震动群逐渐增多、地震分布集中，以及地下压力释放加剧，这些信号表明当地岩石正在逐渐变得不稳定。)”可知，这些明显的前震模式预示着附近的岩层正逐渐失稳，即将发生破裂。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Even so, the new AI technique can greatly lift prediction accuracy as an auxiliary tool, instead of taking the place of traditional monitoring systems. (即便如此，这种新的AI技术作为auxiliary工具，可以大幅提升预测准确率，而不是取代传统监测系统。)”可知，这种AI技术不会取代传统监测系统，只是作为辅助工具，auxiliary意为“辅助的”，与Assisting含义最接近。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者既介绍了这种AI方法在识别地震前兆方面的优势，也指出了其局限性，如某些地震没有可检测的前兆信号，并提到在用于实时防灾之前还需要进一步完善。作者客观地呈现了该方法的利弊，因此态度是客观的。 Passage 5 话题：一种新型离子热制冷技术 体裁：科普 词数：353 （2027·河北石家庄市第一中学学情检测）On a hot summer day, a cold drink is a welcome treat. But the cooling technology behind it comes at a cost. Traditional refrigerators use gases called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are powerful contributors to global warming. Finding a better way has long been an unsolved problem. Now, scientists have developed a new cooling method that may change this. Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory released a technique called ionocaloric (离子热) cooling. As the name suggests, it uses ions — charged particles (粒子) — to create a cooling effect. The idea builds on a simple physical process and theoretical modeling: melting takes heat. You’ve seen this on a winter road — salt on ice causes it to melt, even in freezing temperatures. The ionocaloric cycle also uses salt to change a liquid’s phase and cool its surroundings. Through modeling, the team predicted that moving ions could change a material’s melting point, allowing it to absorb heat on demand. To test this prediction, scientists mixed a salt — sodium iodide — into a liquid, ethylene carbonate (EC，碳酸乙烯酯). When a small electric current was applied, the salt ions moved, which changed the melting point of the liquid, causing it to melt. As the liquid melted, it absorbed heat, cooling the space like melting ice. The team measured a temperature drop of 25℃ with less than one volt — outperforming other similar technologies. These results point to a bigger story. The system balances efficiency, cost, and environmental impact. Early tests show promise in all three. One reason is the working liquid, EC, can be made from CO2, meaning the system could be carbon negative. It avoids harm and helps clean up. “The ionocaloric cycle has the potential to meet all these goals,” said Drew Lilley, the leading engineer. If successful, this technology could help nations meet the goals of the Kigali Amendment, which aims to cut HFC use by 80%. Now, researchers face the next challenge: moving the technology from the lab to the real world. With further development, these systems could one day provide both cooling and heating — without harming the planet. 1．What is the principle of the ionocaloric cooling? A．Melting absorbs heat from surroundings. B．Expanding gas can produce cooling. C．Electricity can generate heat in materials. D．Salt lowers the freezing point of water. 2．How did researchers test their prediction? A．By reducing the amount of HFCs. B．By measuring CO2 in the atmosphere. C．By monitoring real-time winter road conditions. D．By conducting current in a salt-containing liquid. 3．Why does the author stress EC can be made from CO2? A．To state how the system cuts HFCs. B．To prove the system can save electricity. C．To explain how the system brings cooling effect. D．To show the system can help ease global warming. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards ionocaloric cooling? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【解析】文章主要介绍了一种新型离子热制冷技术，它利用盐离子改变物质熔点来吸热降温，环保且前景广阔。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The idea builds on a simple physical process and theoretical modeling: melting takes heat.(这一想法建立在一个简单的物理过程和理论模型之上：融化吸收热量。)”可知，离子热制冷的基本原理是物质融化时会从周围环境吸收热量。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To test this prediction, scientists mixed a salt — sodium iodide — into a liquid, ethylene carbonate (EC，碳酸乙烯酯). When a small electric current was applied, the salt ions moved, which changed the melting point of the liquid, causing it to melt.(为了验证这一预测，科学家将一种盐——碘化钠——混入液体碳酸乙烯酯中。当施加微小电流时，盐离子发生移动，改变了液体的熔点，使其融化。)”可知，研究人员是通过在含盐液体中通电来验证他们的预测的。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One reason is the working liquid, EC, can be made from CO2, meaning the system could be carbon negative. It avoids harm and helps clean up.(原因之一是工作液体EC可以由二氧化碳制成，这意味着该系统可能实现碳负排放。它避免危害并有助于清理。)”可知，作者强调EC可由二氧化碳制成，是为了说明该系统能消耗二氧化碳，从而有助于缓解全球变暖。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If successful, this technology could help nations meet the goals of the Kigali Amendment, which aims to cut HFC use by 80%. Now, researchers face the next challenge: moving the technology from the lab to the real world. With further development, these systems could one day provide both cooling and heating — without harming the planet.(如果成功，这项技术可以帮助各国实现《基加利修正案》的目标，该修正案旨在将HFC使用量减少80%。如今，研究人员面临下一个挑战：将这项技术从实验室推向现实世界。随着进一步发展，这些系统有朝一日可以在不伤害地球的情况下同时提供制冷和供暖。)”可知，作者认为这项技术潜力巨大且对环境友好，对其未来发展持充满希望的乐观态度。 Passage 6 话题：减少遭受洪水的威胁 体裁：科普 词数：317 （2027·广东省汕头市金山中学摸底）A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters has some warning news for people living in the lower 48 states: You may be at risk from river flooding and not even know it until the water starts to rise. In fact, the study, estimates of present and future flood risk in the United States, found that 41 million U. S. residents are at risk from flooding along rivers. That’s three times more than current estimates based on the flood maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , which primarily maps the areas at risk for 1-in-100-year floods in populous (人口众多的) river basins. Why does the big difference come into being? As always, it’s all about the data. Generally, FEMA prioritizes risk-assessment areas based on their population; reserving expensive field-work methodologies (研究方法) for the more populous river basins, but many other rivers have not yet been mapped at all. The size of the USA means that flood maps made in this way are incomplete. It would be too expensive and time-consuming to survey every river basin in America. The national-scale flood maps produced by FEMA leave the flood risk of many parts of the country unaccounted for. For this research, scientists from The Nature Conservancy adopted a pioneering methodology that avoids the defects of the FEMA approach, where individual catchments (流域) are studied by making use of big data. The study used a new high-resolution model, produced by the flood-mapping organization Fathom, which copies floods on all rivers across the entire continental United States. “We were all surprised by how many people are actually exposed to freshwater flooding in the USA,” said Oliver Wing, lead researcher on the study and a PhD student at the University of Bristol. “It’s particularly worrisome considering that most of these people aren’t even aware of the risk they face. This study helps fill that critical information gap.” 1．What did the new paper intend to tell readers? A．The mistakes made by FEMA． B．The serious situation of the flood. C．The populous river basins of the USA． D．The unseen risk of the flood in the USA． 2．Why is the map produced by FEMA incomplete? A．It’s dangerous to research all the rivers. B．The size of the USA is too big. C．It ignores less populous rivers. D．The efficiency of making it is low. 3．What does the underlined word “defects” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Shortcomings. B．Potential. C．Consumption. D．Contributions. 4．What attitude does Oliver Wing have to the study? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Cautious. D．Uncaring. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过了一项开创性的方法，对美国目前和未来洪水风险作出新的评估，让人们减少遭受洪水的威胁。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters has some warning news for people living in the lower 48 states: You may be at risk from river flooding and not even know it until the water starts to rise.(发表在《环境研究快报》上的一篇新论文对居住在美国本土48个州的人们提出了一些警告:你可能面临河流洪水的威胁，但直到洪水开始上涨时你才意识到。)”可推断，这份新报纸打算告诉读者在美国有许多看不见的洪水风险。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A Generally, FEMA prioritizes risk-assessment areas based on their population; reserving expensive field-work methodologies (研究方法) for the more populous river basins, but many other rivers have not yet been mapped at all. (一般来说，联邦应急管理局根据人口对风险评估领域进行优先排序;为人口较多的河流流域保留昂贵的野外研究方法，但许多其他河流还没有绘制地图。)”可推断，联邦应急管理局制作的地图不完整是因为它忽略了人口较少的河流。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“For this research, scientists from The Nature Conservancy adopted a pioneering methodology  (为了这个研究，美国自然保护协会的科学家采用了一种开创性的方法)”并结合上文可知，原来洪水地图的绘制是不科学的，所以此方法避免联邦紧急事务管理局研究方法的缺陷。可以猜测defects为“缺陷”之意。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This study helps fill that critical information gap. (这项研究有助于填补这一关键的信息空白。)”可推断，Oliver Wing对此研究的态度是支持的。故选B。 Passage 7 话题：辅助识别癌变组织影像 体裁：科普 词数：301 （2027·广东汕头市潮阳实验学校等学校联考）In some cities, pigeons are unappreciated. They search for thrown particles of food and stare blankly at passersby. It’s led some people to falsely believe that pigeons aren’t very intelligent or worthy of the space they take up. But it’s time to change our thinking. Humans domesticated (驯化) pigeons thousands of years ago, and part of the reason why they gather around humans is that they’ve lost much of their survival instinct (本能). Beyond even that, they’re highly intelligent creatures that don’t get nearly the credit they deserve. A study published in 2015 noted that the visual systems used by pigeons have a lot in common with those of humans. The researchers decided to put that visual recognition to the test in a high-risk situation. Pigeons were trained with food reinforcement to recognize the difference between images of malignant and benign (恶性与良性) human tissue samples. Once they were up to speed, they proved to be incredibly accurate at identifying the cancerous images. What’s especially fascinating is that the researchers were able to demonstrate real learning and pattern recognition by the birds. They were able to generalize their learnings, meaning they weren’t just memorizing the correct answers to the images they trained on. Once trained, they still kept the accuracy when looking at novel images they’d never seen before. The study found that the average trained pigeon was about 85% effective in identifying cancerous images. However, when pigeons were grouped together four at a time — called “flock sourcing” — their accuracy rose to a staggering 99%. “The birds’ successes and difficulties suggest that pigeons are well-suited to help us better understand human medical image perception,” the researchers concluded, “and may also prove useful in performance assessment and development of medical imaging hardware, image processing, and image analysis tools.” 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 1? A．To present a prejudice for further discussion. B．To explain why pigeons are clever. C．To show pigeons’ city behaviors. D．To state pigeons have lost their instincts. 2．What does the 2015 study reveal about pigeons? A．They merely remember training samples. B．They nearly keep the recognition accuracy at 85% in groups. C．They can recognize images of cancerous tissue samples. D．They can identify images faster through food rewards. 3．What does the flock sourcing data suggest about pigeons? A．Individual pigeons are incapable. B．Four pigeons are the best work group. C．Pigeons’ ability remains to be unknown. D．Collective work improves their performance. 4．What is the researchers’ attitude to using pigeons in medicine? A．Strongly doubtful. B．Cautiously hopeful. C．Fully confident. D．Sharply critical. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍鸽子常被误解为不聪明，一项研究证实它们视觉识别能力强，可辅助识别癌变组织影像。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In some cities, pigeons are unappreciated. They search for thrown particles of food and stare blankly at passersby. It’s led some people to falsely believe that pigeons aren’t very intelligent or worthy of the space they take up.(在一些城市，鸽子不受欢迎。它们寻找被丢弃的食物碎屑，茫然地盯着路人。这使得一些人错误地认为鸽子不是很聪明，不配占据它们所占用的空间。)”可知，作者在第一段提出人们对鸽子的偏见，为下文进一步讨论鸽子的高智商做铺垫。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pigeons were trained with food reinforcement to recognize the difference between images of malignant and benign (恶性与良性) human tissue samples. Once they were up to speed, they proved to be incredibly accurate at identifying the cancerous images. (研究人员用食物奖励训练鸽子区分人体组织恶性与良性样本图像。当它们熟练之后，事实证明它们识别癌变图像的准确率高得惊人。)”可知，这项2015年的研究表明鸽子能够识别癌变组织样本的图像。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The study found that the average trained pigeon was about 85% effective in identifying cancerous images. However, when pigeons were grouped together four at a time — called “flock sourcing” — their accuracy rose to a staggering 99%.(研究发现，受过训练的单只鸽子识别癌变图像的平均有效率约为85%。然而，当四只鸽子分为一组——这被称为“群体研判”时，它们的准确率上升到惊人的99%。)”可知，对比单只和四只一组鸽子的识别准确率，群体协作提升了它们的表现。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的““The birds’ successes and difficulties suggest that pigeons are well-suited to help us better understand human medical image perception,” the researchers concluded, “and may also prove useful in performance assessment and development of medical imaging hardware, image processing, and image analysis tools.”(“这些鸽子的成功和困难表明，鸽子十分适合帮助我们更好地理解人类的医学图像感知，”研究人员总结说，“并且也可能被证明在医学成像硬件、图像处理和图像分析工具的性能评估以及开发方面有用。”)”可知，作者态度是谨慎且抱有希望的。 Passage 8 话题：全新的大气集水技术 体裁：科普 词数：323 （2027·河南信阳高级中学段检测）Feeling thirsty? Drawing clean water directly from the air is possible, as even extremely dry regions contain some moisture (水汽). Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days. To break this bottleneck, MIT engineers Ikra Shuvo and Svetlana Boriskina identified a much faster method. Instead of heating the water-absorbing materials to release water, they use high-frequency ultrasonic (超声波的) vibrations to shake the moisture loose. These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops. The new approach elegantly bypasses the materials’ unyielding nature. “Any material that is very good at absorbing water doesn’t want to part with it,” explains Boriskina. “So you normally need to put a lot of energy into pulling water out.” With ultrasound, this process is completely transformed. Lab tests show this method is about 45 times more efficient than traditional heating, freeing the trapped water in mere minutes. This breakthrough overturns the assumption that AWH systems must absorb moisture overnight and depend on passive sunlight during the day. Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night. The project’s ultimate purpose goes far beyond laboratory efficiency. Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air. 1．What does “this bottleneck” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The lack of water in dry regions. B．The huge cost of current devices. C．The slow process of releasing water. D．The poor performance of the materials. 2．How do the ultrasound waves release water from the materials? A．By heating the watery materials. B．By overcoming the trapping force. C．By breaking water into small drops. D．By changing the materials’ property. 3．What activates the new device automatically? A．An electronic sensor. B．A water cycling setup. C．Insufficient water absorption. D．Continuous sunlight exposure. 4．What does Boriskina highlight regarding the project in the last paragraph? A．Its further research. B．Its practical potential. C．Its current limitations. D．Its technical improvements. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【解析】文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院工程师研发出一种全新的大气集水技术。 1．词句猜测题。根据上第一段“Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days.(在过去几年里，研究人员研发出了海绵状材料。这类材料通过吸收水汽，让“大气集水”（AWH）成为可能。然而，提取这些捕获的水分通常需要加热，并且要等待很长时间。目前大多数系统依靠阳光来加热这些材料。这个缓慢的步骤可能需要数小时，甚至会延长至数日。)”可知，上文提到传统技术收集水汽之后，释放水的过程很慢，耗时很久。this bottleneck 指代前文这个缓慢的释水过程。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops.(这些声波经过精准调谐，可以破坏将水分子固定住的弱化学键。这种定向扰动会产生足够的力量释放水分，将水以小液滴的形式抖落出来。)”可知，超声波打破束缚水分子的弱键，也就是克服锁住水分子的束缚力，从而释放水分。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night.(这套系统由一块小型太阳能电池供电。该电池既能供电，又可充当传感器，检测材料何时吸满水分。一旦收集到足够的水，系统就会自动启动，让整套装置能够昼夜循环运行。)”可知，新装置的小型太阳能电池同时充当电子传感器让新设备自动启动。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air.(博里斯基娜指出，这项技术能够为缺乏淡水的偏远社区提供可靠的饮用水源。随着全球水危机不断加剧，这项创新带来了一丝希望，它或许能从稀薄的空气中获取救命的水源。)”可知，在最后一段，Boriskina 着重强调项目的实际应用潜能。 Passage 9 话题： 给机器人运动引入适度随机性可避免拥堵、提升群体协作效率 体裁：科普 词数：361 （2027·湖南郴州市联考）When a large number of robots are employed in a limited space, such as the disaster clean-up or factory assembly (装配), a common problem arises. Initially, more robots mean faster work. However, beyond a certain point, overcrowding leads to traffic jams and collisions, causing overall efficiency to drop sharply. This presents a key challenge: How can we maximize the number of robots working together without causing jams? Researchers from Harvard University believe they have discovered a surprisingly simple yet effective solution. The research team, led by Ph. D．student Lucy Liu, found that introducing a controlled amount of randomness into each robot’s movement can significantly reduce blockage and improve the group’s overall performance. This might go against common sense, as one would expect the orderly, straight-line movement to be the most efficient. To test their idea, the team first created detailed computer simulations. In these simulations, virtual agents were assigned random destinations in a limited space. When these agents moved in perfectly straight lines, they quickly formed tight crowds that blocked all progress. On the contrary, when their movements were completely random and irregular, blockage disappeared, but efficiency declined because the agents wandered aimlessly, taking far too long to reach their goals. The breakthrough came when the researchers identified a “Goldilocks zone” — a specific, intermediate level of movement randomness. Within this perfect range, the agents’ paths were neither perfectly straight nor completely chaotic. They occasionally hit each other, forming brief crowds, but were able to slip past one another and continue moving toward their targets. This balance allowed the entire system to maintain a steady, efficient flow. The team then translated these observations into mathematical models that could predict the ideal combination of robot density and movement variation to achieve the highest task completion rate. To confirm their theoretical findings, the researchers conducted real-world experiments by using small wheeled robots in a laboratory. They demonstrated that a moderate amount of randomness in their movements led to the best overall performance. This study demonstrates that complex, efficient group coordination does not necessarily require advanced intelligence or central control. Instead, it can emerge from simple, local rules followed by individual units. 1．How is the relationship between the number of robots and their working efficiency? A．Stable. B．Unclear. C．Independent. D．Variable. 2．Which of the following works best for robots’ movements? A．Straight routes. B．Orderly motion. C．Proper randomness. D．Irregular moves. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about robots? A．Their basic movement rules. B．Their past movement records. C．Their major movement target. D．Their ideal movement balance. 4．What can be inferred about robot groups from the study? A．Simplicity can achieve high efficiency. B．Strict control brings the best results. C．Complexity contributes to good coordination. D．Advanced intelligence is required for group work. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了哈佛研究人员发现给机器人运动引入适度随机性可避免拥堵、提升群体协作效率，说明简单局部规则即可实现高效协调。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Initially, more robots mean faster work. However, beyond a certain point, overcrowding leads to traffic jams and collisions, causing overall efficiency to drop sharply. (起初，更多的机器人意味着更快的工作。然而，超过某个点后，过度拥挤导致交通堵塞和碰撞，使整体效率急剧下降)”可知，机器人数与工作效率的关系是可变的。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The research team, led by Ph. D. student Lucy Liu, found that introducing a controlled amount of randomness into each robot’s movement can significantly reduce blockage and improve the group’s overall performance. (由博士生Lucy Liu领导的研究小组发现，在每个机器人的运动中引入适量可控的随机性，可以显著减少堵塞并提高群体的整体表现)”以及第三段“The breakthrough came when the researchers identified a “Goldilocks zone” — a specific, intermediate level of movement randomness. (当研究人员确定了一个“黄金区间”——一种特定的、中等水平的运动随机性时，这一突破就出现了)”可知，适当的随机性对机器人运动效果最好。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The breakthrough came when the researchers identified a “Goldilocks zone” — a specific, intermediate level of movement randomness. (当研究人员确定了一个“黄金区间”——一种特定的、中等水平的运动随机性时，这一突破就出现了)”以及“This balance allowed the entire system to maintain a steady, efficient flow. (这种平衡使整个系统保持稳定的高效流动)”可知，本段主要讲述了机器人的理想运动平衡。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This study demonstrates that complex, efficient group coordination does not necessarily require advanced intelligence or central control. Instead, it can emerge from simple, local rules followed by individual units. (这项研究表明，复杂、高效的群体协调并不一定需要高级智能或中央控制。相反，它可以来自个体单元遵循的简单局部规则)”可知，从这项研究中可以推断出简单性可以实现高效率。 Passage 10 话题：谷歌研发的新天气预测模型NeuralGCM 体裁：科普 词数：330 （2027·湖南省衡阳市第八中学开学）Researchers from Google have built a new weather prediction model that combines machine learning with conventional techniques, potentially yielding more accurate forecasts. The model, called NeuralGCM and described in a paper in Nature today, bridges a divide that’s grown among weather prediction experts in the last several years. The conventional models, which have dominated weather prediction for the last 50 years, use complex equations (方程) to model changes in the atmosphere and give forecasts, but they are extremely slow and expensive to run. Experts are divided on which tool will be most reliable going forward. But the new model from Google instead attempts to combine the two. “It’s not sort of physics vs. AI. It’s really physics and AI together, ” says Stephan Hoyer, an AI researcher at Google Research and a co-author of the paper. “NeuralGCM shows that when we combine AI with the conventional physics-based models, we can dramatically improve the accuracy and speed of atmospheric climate simulations (模拟),” said Stephan Hoyer. The paper said NeuralGCM proved faster, more accurate and used less computing power in tests against a traditional forecasting model based on atmospheric physics tools called X-SHiELD． In one test, NeuralGCM identified almost the same number of tropical storms as conventional extreme weather trackers did, and twice the number of X-SHiELD．In another test based on temperature and humidity (湿度) levels during 2020, the error rate was between 15 and 50 percent less. Peter Dueben, another co-author of the latest paper, said AI-only models were “often viewed dubiously” by experts because they were not based on mathematical equations devised (设计) from physics. However, the combination of the physics-based model with the deep learning model “seems to get the best of both worlds”, he said, adding that the approach was a “big step towards climate modelling with machine learning”. “The appetite is there for AI, ” Peter says. “But I think a lot of people still are waiting to see what happens. ” 1．According to the passage, NeuralGCM is helpful in ________. A．broadcasting weather forecast B．preventing further climate changes C．bridging the gap between researchers D．building accurate climate models 2．What does the author want to do by mentioning the two tests? A．To analyze NeuralGCM’s working process. B．To highlight the efficiency of NeuralGCM. C．To compare NeuralGCM with other models. D．To reveal problems of conventional trackers. 3．What does the underlined word “dubiously” mean in paragraph 5? A．Skeptically. B．Strictly. C．Precisely. D．Curiously. 4．What’s Peter Dueben’s attitude to the deep learning model? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Anxious. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了谷歌研发的新天气预测模型NeuralGCM，它结合了机器学习和传统物理方程方法，提高了预测的速度和准确性。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中““NeuralGCM shows that when we combine AI with the conventional physics-based models, we can dramatically improve the accuracy and speed of atmospheric climate simulations (模拟),” said Stephan Hoyer.(“NeuralGCM表明，当我们把人工智能与传统的基于物理的模型结合起来时，我们可以显著提高大气气候模拟的准确性和速度，” Stephan Hoyer说道)”可知，NeuralGCM能显著提高大气气候模拟的准确性和速度，有助于构建更精确的气候模型。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“In one test, NeuralGCM identified almost the same number of tropical storms as conventional extreme weather trackers did, and twice the number of X-SHiELD. In another test based on temperature and humidity (湿度) levels during 2020, the error rate was between 15 and 50 percent less.(在一项测试中，NeuralGCM识别出的热带风暴数量几乎与传统的极端天气追踪器相同，且是X-SHiELD识别数量的两倍。在另一项基于2020年温度和湿度水平的测试中，NeuralGCM的误差率降低了15%到50%)”可知，通过这些测试数据，突出了NeuralGCM在识别热带风暴数量和降低误差率方面的优势，可推知作者提到这两个测试是为了突出NeuralGCM的效率。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“because they were not based on mathematical equations devised (设计) from physics(因为它们不是基于物理设计的数学方程)”可知，仅基于人工智能的模型缺乏物理依据，所以专家对其态度是怀疑的。由此可知，画线词意思是“怀疑地”，与A选项“Skeptically(怀疑地)”意思接近。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, the combination of the physics-based model with the deep learning model ‘seems to get the best of both worlds’, he said, adding that the approach was a ‘big step towards climate modelling with machine learning’.(然而，他提到，将基于物理的模型与深度学习模型结合起来‘似乎能获得两者的优势’，并补充说这种方法是‘气候建模与机器学习相结合的一大步’)”可知，Peter Dueben认为将基于物理的模型与深度学习模型相结合似乎是两全其美，由此可推知，他对深度学习模型持支持态度。故选B。 Passage 11 话题：预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具 体裁：科普 词数：317 （2027·江苏省邗江中学检测）To determine the type and severity of a cancer, scientists usually analyze thin slices of a tumor(肿瘤) under a microscope. But to tell how the tumor is treated, scientists must perform genetic sequencing(排序) of the RNA isolated from the tumor, a process that can take weeks and costs thousands of dollars. But now, Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered computational program that can predict the activity of thousands of genes within tumor cells. The tool was created using data from more than 7,000 diverse tumor samples. The team showed that it could be used routinely to predict genetic variations in breast cancers and to predict patient outcomes. “This kind of software could be used to quickly identify gene signatures in patients’ tumors, speeding up clinical (临床的) decision-making and saving the health care system thousands of dollars,” said Olivier Gevaert, PhD． The researchers began with 7,584 cancer biopsies (活检) from 16 different cancer types. Each biopsy had been sliced into thin sections and prepared. After the researchers integrated their new cancer biopsies as well as other datasets, including images from thousands of healthy cells, the AI program-which they named SEQUOIA-was able to predict the expression patterns of more than 15,000 different genes from the stained images. To test the effect of SEQUOIA for clinical decision-making, Gevaert and his colleagues identified breast cancer genes that the model could accurately predict the expression of and that are already used in commercial breast cancer genomic tests. The AI model can’t yet be used in a clinical setting, but Gevaert said his team is studying its potential applications. In the future, he said, SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests. “We’ve shown how useful this could be for breast cancer, and we can now use it for all cancers,” he said. “It’s a whole new source of data that we didn’t have before.” 1．How do scientists usually find out the treatment of a tumor? A．By analyzing its thin slices. B．By using a computational program. C．By performing genetic sequencing. D．By referring to routinely collected data. 2．What can we know about SEQUOIA from the passage? A．It has been widely used. B．It can predict all genes’ activity. C．It has reduced the cost of gene tests. D．It’s likely to lessen the requirement for costly genetic tests. 3．What did Gevaert think of the future of the AI model? A．Potential. B．Useless. C．Changeable. D．Ambiguous. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A new tool for analyzing tumor slices. B．An AI tool to predict tumor gene activity. C．An attempt to perform original genetic sequencing. D．AI technology to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But to tell how the tumor is treated, scientists must perform genetic sequencing (排序) of the RNA isolated from the tumor, a process that can take weeks and costs thousands of dollars.(但为了确定如何治疗肿瘤，科学家必须对从肿瘤中分离出来的RNA进行基因测序，这一过程可能需要数周时间，耗资数千美元)”可知，科学家通常通过进行基因测序来确定如何治疗肿瘤，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the future, he said, SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests.(他说，在未来，SEQUOIA可以减少对昂贵的基因表达测试的需求)”可知，SEQUOIA可能会减少对昂贵的基因检测的需求，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, he said, SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests. “We’ve shown how useful this could be for breast cancer, and we can now use it for all cancers,” he said. “It’s a whole new source of data that we didn’t have before.”(他说，在未来，SEQUOIA可以减少对昂贵的基因表达测试的需求。他说：“我们已经证明了这对乳腺癌是多么有用，现在我们可以用它来治疗所有癌症。”“这是一个我们以前没有的全新的数据来源。”)”可知，Gevaert认为这种人工智能模型未来很有潜力，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“But now, Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered computational program that can predict the activity of thousands of genes within tumor cells.(但现在，斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员开发了一种人工智能驱动的计算程序，可以预测肿瘤细胞内数千个基因的活动)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具，故选B。 Passage 12 话题：利用激光实现纸质包装无添加剂密封 体裁：科普 词数：307 （2027·安徽省马鞍山市第二中学教学质量监测）Since plastic packaging accounts for a large part of plastic waste, one material that is becoming more and more popular as a sustainable alternative to plastic is paper. However, the problem is that sealing (封住) paper packaging requires additives such as adhesives (黏合剂) or plastic. These additives dirty the paper, complicate the recycling process, and reduce the quality of the recycled material. This poses a significant challenge to the otherwise established and efficient paper recycling process. In the PAPURE project, Fraunhofer researchers are looking to improve recyclability by sealing paper packaging without any additives. In the first step, the researchers characterize coated and uncoated papers for packaging applications, as well as printer papers and cardboard, to determine whether they are suitable for sealing without the application of further additives. Roughly three dozen types of paper are available for selection. Special attention is given to determining the primary components of the paper-lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. In the next step, the researchers shine a CO laser (激光) on the paper surface. The laser rapidly heats the paper, turning its main parts into small pieces in a controlled process. This innovative process step is what enables adhesive-free sealing of the paper. After the laser hits the paper, sugar-like products remain on the paper surface and seal under heat and pressure without any additional material. “By using the laser, we create sugar-like reaction products that we use instead of the man-made materials or adhesives that would otherwise be required to seal the paper by the heat sealing process. In this way, we are essentially producing our own adhesive,” says Volker Franke, a researcher at Fraunhofer. “After laser treatment, we have succeeded in using heat sealing to bond two layers of paper.” Fraunhofer researchers will be presenting the potential applications of this technology at the Interpack 2026 trade show. 1．What is the problem with sealing paper packaging? A．It wastes too much energy. B．It causes paper to tear easily. C．It lowers recycled material quality. D．It increases the cost of production. 2．What do the researchers first do in the project? A．Shine a CO laser on the paper. B．Categorize additive varieties. C．Apply additives to the paper. D．Examine paper suitability. 3．What role does the laser play? A．It enables the formation of bonding substances. B．It strengthens the fibers of recycled materials. C．It damages the paper surface structure. D．It removes natural paper components. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Real Challenges for Paper Industry B．Conventional Technique for Paper Bonding C．Common Practice for Paper Packaging D．Sustainable Solution for Paper Sealing 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【解析】文章主要介绍一项新技术，利用激光实现纸质包装无添加剂密封，解决传统密封影响纸张回收的难题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, the problem is that sealing (封住) paper packaging requires additives such as adhesives (黏合剂) or plastic. These additives dirty the paper, complicate the recycling process, and reduce the quality of the recycled material.(但问题在于密封纸质包装需要黏合剂或塑料等添加剂。这些添加剂会污染纸张，让回收流程变复杂，并且降低回收材料的品质。)” 可知，密封纸质包装会降低回收材料的质量。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the first step, the researchers characterize coated and uncoated papers for packaging applications, as well as printer papers and cardboard, to determine whether they are suitable for sealing without the application of further additives.(第一步，研究人员对涂布与非涂布包装纸、打印纸和硬纸板进行特性分析，判断它们是否适合在不添加额外添加剂的条件下密封。)” 可知，项目第一步是检验纸张是否适合无添加剂密封，即检验纸张适用性。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“By using the laser, we create sugar-like reaction products that we use instead of the man-made materials or adhesives that would otherwise be required to seal the paper by the heat sealing process.(我们利用激光生成糖类反应产物，以此替代热封工艺原本需要的人造材料或黏合剂。)” 可知，激光可以促使生成粘合物质，实现纸张粘合。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中的“In the PAPURE project, Fraunhofer researchers are looking to improve recyclability by sealing paper packaging without any additives.(在PAPURE项目中，弗劳恩霍夫研究所的研究人员希望通过无添加剂密封纸质包装来提升可回收性。)” 可知，文章介绍一种可持续的纸张密封新方案。D选项“纸张密封的可持续方案”为最佳标题。 Passage 13 话题：脊髓损伤患者的商业脑机接口设备 体裁：科普 词数：361 （2027·江苏省南通中学月考）In a world first, China has approved a brain implant for commercial use in people with spinal cord (脊髓) injuries. The device is a brain-computer interface (脑机接口) made by Shanghai’s Neuracle Medical Technology, a competitor of Elon Musk’s BCI firm Neuralink. Brain implants have been used in clinical tests for decades, but this is the first time such a device has been approved for wide use on patients. BCIs, sometimes known as brain-machine interfaces, record brain activity. Invasive BCIs like Neuracle’s are surgically implanted in or on the brain to record electrical signals from nerve cells. Software decodes these signals to control a computer mouse or an artificial arm. One of the first BCIs was created in the early 2000s by a research group BrainGate. Neuracle’s BCI, a coin-sized wireless implant on the brain’s outer membrane (膜), is designed for people with spinal cord injuries who still have some upper arm function. While most BCIs are generally developed to assist people with paralysis (瘫痪) or other physical disabilities, Musk’s Neuralink envisions a future where such devices can also benefit healthy individuals, an ambitious goal that still lies far in the future. In the US, Neuralink has come the closest to commercializing this technology, but questions about the device’s safety remain. In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initially rejected a bid for Neuralink to test its technology in a clinical trial. A trial was eventually approved the following year, and Noland Arbaugh, who was paralyzed below the neck, became the first user to have a Neuralink implant. As of January 2026, the company said it had 21 participants enrolled in its trial. Many other American start-up companies, such as Synchron, are developing their own BCIs and are also running ongoing trials. While there is convincing evidence from these clinical tests, the devices are still considered experimental. Installing brain implants requires brain surgery, after all, which is highly invasive and carries a risk of infection. And the implants can sometimes move or cause scar tissue buildup over time that degrades their signals. No BCI devices have been approved for commercial use in the U. S. so far. 1．What’s special about Neuracle’s BCI? A．It controls an artificial arm. B．It first applies to healthy people. C．It receives approval for commercial use. D．It’s the world’s earliest BCI product. 2．How does the implanted BCI work? A．By recording the brain signals. B．By controlling a robotic glove. C．By stimulating the nerve cells. D．By recovering upper arm ability. 3．Why does the author mention Synchron in paragraph 4? A．To explain the US companies take the lead. B．To show BCIs are seeing rapid development. C．To advertise for the newly-founded enterprise. D．To prove Neuralink has a powerful competitor. 4．Which of the following statements best describes BCIs according to the text? A．Useful but not acceptable. B．Invasive but highly reliable. C．Dangerous but worth trying. D．Technically progressive but risky. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】文章主要介绍了中国批准了全球首个用于脊髓损伤患者的商业脑机接口设备，并讨论了该技术的进展、应用及风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a world first, China has approved a brain implant for commercial use in people with spinal cord (脊髓) injuries. The device is a brain-computer interface (脑机接口) made by Shanghai’s Neuracle Medical Technology, a competitor of Elon Musk’s BCI firm Neuralink. Brain implants have been used in clinical tests for decades, but this is the first time such a device has been approved for wide use on patients. (作为全球首例/全球范围内首次，中国批准了一种植入式脑机接口设备用于脊髓损伤患者的商业应用。该设备由上海的Neuracle医疗科技公司制造，是埃隆·马斯克的脑机接口公司Neuralink的竞争对手。数十年来，脑部植入物一直被用于临床试验，但这是首次有此类设备获批广泛应用于患者)”可知，Neuracle的脑机接口的特殊之处在于它获得了商业使用批准。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Invasive BCIs like Neuracle’s are surgically implanted in or on the brain to record electrical signals from nerve cells. Software decodes these signals to control a computer mouse or an artificial arm. (像Neuracle这样的侵入式脑机接口通过手术植入大脑内部或表面，以记录神经细胞的电信号。软件解码这些信号来控制电脑鼠标或人造手臂)”可知，植入式脑机接口通过记录大脑信号来工作。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Many other American start-up companies, such as Synchron, are developing their own BCIs and are also running ongoing trials. (许多其他美国初创公司，如Synchron，也在开发自己的脑机接口，并正在进行试验)”可知，作者提到初创公司Synchron是为了表明脑机接口技术正在快速发展。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段“Software decodes these signals to control a computer mouse or an artificial arm. (软件解码这些信号来控制电脑鼠标或人造手臂)”以及第五段“Installing brain implants requires brain surgery, after all, which is highly invasive and carries a risk of infection. And the implants can sometimes move or cause scar tissue buildup over time that degrades their signals. (安装大脑植入物毕竟需要脑部手术，这是高度侵入性的，并存在感染风险。而且植入物有时会移动，或者随着时间的推移导致疤痕组织堆积，从而削弱信号)”可知，文章既介绍了脑机接口的技术进步(如商业批准、试验进展)，也指出了其风险(如需要脑部手术、有感染风险、植入物可能移动或形成疤痕组织等)。因此，脑机接口是技术上先进但有风险的。 Passage 14 话题：3D打印复杂血管树的技术工具 体裁：科普 词数：327 （2027·江苏省省常中、镇江一中、南京二十九中阶段检测）More than 100,000 people in the United States are currently waiting for organ transplants, and many face long delays or rejection even when a suitable donor is found. One promising alternative is regenerative medicine, which aims to grow personalized organs using a patient’s own cells. Ensuring that oxygen and nutrients can reach every part of a newly grown organ is an ongoing challenge. Researchers at Stanford have created new tools to design and 3D print the incredibly complex vascular (血管的) trees needed to carry blood throughout an organ. The researchers built an algorithm (算法) to create vascular trees similar to native organ blood vessel structures. They ensured that the vasculature would evenly distribute blood and successfully shorten the time needed to generate the network. While 3D printers aren’t yet up to the task of printing such a fine-scale network, the researchers were able to design and print a vascular model with 500 branches. Using a 3D bio-printer, the researchers created a thick ring loaded with human cells and built a network of 25 vessels running through it. The researchers are quick to note that these vascular networks are not yet functional blood vessels — they don’t have muscle cells or anything else that they would need to work on their own. “This is the first step toward generating really complex vascular networks,” said Dominic Rütsche, one of the researchers. “We can print them at never-before-seen complexities, but they are not yet fully functional vessels. We’re working on that.” Turning these designs into functioning blood vessels is just one of the many tasks that the researchers are working on. “This is a critical step in the process,” Dominic said. “We have successfully generated enough heart cells from human stem cells to print the whole human heart, and now we can design a good, complex vascular tree to keep them fed and living. We are now actively putting the two together: cells and vasculature, at organ scale.” 1．What does Stanford’s research mainly focus on? A．Increasing available donor organs. B．Removing deadly organ rejections. C．Designing workable vascular networks. D．Developing personalized 3D bio-printers. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the research? A．Its principles. B．Its achievements. C．Its objectives. D．Its process. 3．How does Dominic describe the research? A．Practical but costly. B．Worthwhile but risky. C．Fruitful but questionable. D．Promising but immature. 4．What will the researchers do next? A．Employ stem cells to print whole organs. B．Integrate cells and vessels on a larger scale. C．Generate more cells for further experiments. D．Produce vascular trees to sustain heart cells. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了斯坦福大学研究团队针对再生医学领域人造器官的氧气与营养输送难题，研发出可设计并3D打印复杂血管树的技术工具，介绍了该研究的阶段性成果、现存功能局限以及未来的研究方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers at Stanford have created new tools to design and 3D print the incredibly complex vascular (血管的) trees needed to carry blood throughout an organ.(斯坦福大学的研究人员研发出了新型工具，用以设计并3D打印能够在器官内部输送血液的、结构极其复杂的血管树。)”可知，斯坦福的这项研究主要聚焦于设计可应用于人造器官的可行血管网络。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The researchers built an algorithm (算法) to create vascular trees similar to native organ blood vessel structures. They ensured that the vasculature would evenly distribute blood and successfully shorten the time needed to generate the network. While 3D printers aren’t yet up to the task of printing such a fine-scale network, the researchers were able to design and print a vascular model with 500 branches. Using a 3D bio-printer, the researchers created a thick ring loaded with human cells and built a network of 25 vessels running through it.(研究人员构建了一种算法，可生成与天然器官血管结构相似的血管树，确保血管系统能够均匀输送血液，并成功缩短了生成血管网络的时间。尽管3D打印机目前还无法打印精度如此之高的网络，但研究人员已经设计并打印出一个拥有500个分支的血管模型。借助3D生物打印机，研究人员制作出一个载有人体细胞的厚环组织，并在其中构建了包含25条血管的网络。)”可知，该段依次介绍了算法研发、血管模型打印、细胞与血管结合打印三项技术进展，核心内容为该研究已取得的成就。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We can print them at never-before-seen complexities, but they are not yet fully functional vessels. We’re working on that.(我们能够打印出复杂度前所未有的血管结构，但它们还不是具备完整功能的血管，我们正致力于攻克这一问题。)”可知，Dominic认为这项研究已经取得了前所未有的技术突破，具备发展潜力，但目前技术尚未成熟，血管还不具备完整功能，相关研究仍在推进。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We are now actively putting the two together: cells and vasculature, at organ scale.(我们目前正积极推进二者的结合：在器官尺度上整合细胞与血管系统。)”可知，研究人员下一步将在更大规模上实现细胞与血管网络的整合。 Passage 15 话题：机器人模仿鸟鸣 体裁：科普 词数：346 （2027·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学阶段检测）Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires have successfully used a robotic tutor to teach the male chingolo, a kind of small bird in South America, a song that was once part of the species’ culture but had been lost for more than half a century. Male chingolos learn their unique, two-second melody from adult males. “It is a distinctive song — like a fingerprint, but learned,” says one of the researchers. “It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the birds’ way of saying, ‘This is me, and here I am.’” However, urbanization and habitat loss have broken this learning chain, causing local song “dialects” to disappear. Driven by this problem, researchers took on a pioneering task: bringing back a song that had disappeared from the wild — known only from a musical record made in the 1960s — to a population of chingolos. Using physics-based modeling of the birds’ vocal tract (声道), the team first created an accurate artificial version of the lost song. They then engineered this model into a physical device designed to broadcast the forgotten melody — a “robotic tutor”. This artificial song was introduced to the chingolos in a park during their critical learning period from October to February. The sessions took place during peak singing hours and were limited to a maximum of eight hours. There were random pauses in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses. The results were impressive. Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音), which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics. “This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity,” says another researcher. The team is now developing AI systems to automatically identify individual bird songs and planning to study cultural spread in bird populations to ensure that bird culture is not lost again. 1．Why did the researchers teach the birds the song? A．To save an endangered species. B．To study the birds’ brain structure. C．To develop new robotic devices. D．To preserve the birds’ cultural heritage. 2．What is a role of chingolos’ song? A．It keeps hunters away from them. B．It helps them adapt to urban growth. C．It functions as their social identity. D．It makes them remember their habitat. 3．What is the purpose of the random pauses? A．To protect the birds’ vocal tract. B．To test the birds’ reaction speed. C．To push the birds to catch the beat. D．To trick the birds into interaction. 4．What do the birds’ learning results suggest? A．Young birds simply copy what they hear. B．Birds song reflects both learning and nature. C．Local accents make new songs hard to learn. D．Bird populations develop songs independently. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍科研人员利用机器人导师，成功让南美一种小鸟重新学会消失半个多世纪的鸟鸣，保护鸟类文化多样性。 1．细节理解题。根据最后一段““This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity,” says another researcher. The team is now developing AI systems to automatically identify individual bird songs and planning to study cultural spread in bird populations to ensure that bird culture is not lost again. (另一位研究人员说：“这不仅仅是为了保护基因多样性，也是为了保护文化多样性。”该团队正在开发人工智能系统，用来自动识别鸟类个体鸣唱，并计划研究鸟类种群中的文化传播，确保鸟类文化不再消失)”可知，研究者教鸟儿鸣叫是为了保护鸟类的文化遗产。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段““It is a distinctive song — like a fingerprint, but learned,” says one of the researchers. “It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the birds’ way of saying, ‘This is me, and here I am.’”(这是一种独特的鸣唱——如同指纹一般，但却是后天习得的。它用来吸引雌鸟、保卫领地。这是鸟儿表达“这就是我，我就在这里”的方式。)”可知，这种鸟鸣充当它们的社会身份。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“There were random pauses in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses.(播放过程中设置随机停顿，让鸟儿把三台设备的播放声当成真实交流，仿佛设备之间在互相回应。这激发鸟儿做出鸣叫回应)”可知，随机停顿的目的是诱使鸟儿产生互动。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“The results were impressive. Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音), which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics.(年轻的南美歌鹀学会并接受了这支鸣唱，不过它们会在最后的颤音里加入自己种群的 “口音”，这说明它们的鸣唱同时受后天习得行为和先天特质影响)”可知，鸟类的鸣唱既反映后天学习也反映先天本性。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考备考模拟精选 02 阅读理解—科技解决问题类 模拟·话题预览 话题1 自然固氮 话题2 通过优化植物根系固碳 话题3 减少自来水中微塑料污染 话题4 利用AI预测地震 话题5新型离子热制冷技术 话题6 减少遭受洪水的威胁 话题7 识别癌变组织影像 话题8 全新的大气集水技术 话题9 机器人提升群体协作效率 话题10天气预测模型 话题11预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具 话题12利用激光实现纸质包装无添加剂密封 话题13脊髓损伤患者的商业脑机接口设备 话题14 3D打印复杂血管树的技术工具 话题15 机器人模仿鸟鸣 Passage 1 话题：提倡自然固氮方式，以更好助力森林固碳、减缓气候变化 体裁：科普 词数：340 （2027·湖北枣阳市第一中学学情诊断）Newly published research finds that tropical forests can recover up to twice as fast after deforestation with sufficient soil nitrogen (氮). Scientists from the University of Leeds launched the largest and longest experiment ever designed to examine how nutrients affect forest regrowth in tropical areas cleared for activities such as logging and agriculture. They selected 76 forest plots across Central America and monitored them for up to 20 years. Each site differed in age and size, allowing the team to track tree growth and death during forest recovery. Different nutrient treatments were applied to test nutrient roles. Some were given nitrogen fertiliser, some phosphorus (磷), some both, and others none. The results showed that the levels of nutrients in the soil strongly influence tropical forest regrowth speed: nitrogen-rich forests recovered twice as fast as nitrogen-lacking ones, while phosphorus alone had no such effect. The findings were published on January 13 in the journal Nature Communications. Lead author Wenguang Tang said, “Our study is inspiring because it suggests there are ways we can boost the storage of greenhouse gases through reforestation by managing the nutrients available to trees.” The research team used nitrogen fertiliser for the purposes of the experiment but does not advocate for fertilising forests, as that would have negative consequences, including polluting rivers and lakes and making the soil too weak for trees to stay healthy. Instead, the team suggests more sustainable alternatives. Forest managers could plant trees from the bean family, which host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root systems that can naturally fertilise the forest. Another option is restoring forests in areas that already have sufficient nitrogen due to the effects of air pollution. Tropical forests are seen as vital global carbon sinks which slow climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and storing it in trees. If young tropical forests worldwide lack nitrogen, they may fail to store about 0.69 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year — roughly equal to two years of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas release in the U. K. 1．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By making comparison. B．By explaining the process. C．By clarifying the principles. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 2．What did the experiment find about forest regrowth? A．Nitrogen doubles the recovery speed. B．Mixed nutrients work the best among all. C．Phosphorus can aid forest regrowth indirectly. D．Forests boost the storage of greenhouse gases. 3．What can be inferred from the researchers’ recommendation? A．Fertilisers should be made full use of. B．Using nitrogen leads to harmful side effects. C．People should turn to nature-based solutions. D．Bean trees need to be planted in polluted areas. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Nitrogen: Key to Forest Regrowth B．Nitrogen: Impact on Climate Change C．Tropical Forests: Recovering Soon D．Tropical Forests: Global Carbon Sinks Passage 2 话题：通过优化植物根系固碳 体裁：科普 词数：321 Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 1．What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A．Keeping more carbon in plants. B．Optimizing the use of energy. C．Enhancing biological diversity. D．Reducing carbon absorption. 2．Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A．To generate plant images. B．To conduct research on animals. C．To study climate patterns. D．To track features of root growth. 3．What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A．Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B．Collect samples of plant root systems. C．Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D．Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 4．What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A．Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B．Computer programming is a must for scientists. C．Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D．Cooperation outweighs competition in research. Passage 3 话题：解决微塑料污染 体裁：科普 词数：330 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. Passage 4 话题：利用AI预测地震的新方法 体裁：科普 词数：317 （2027·河北省沧州市阶段检测）Earthquake prediction has long been a tough problem in geoscience. Traditional methods struggle to detect reliable early warnings, because slight pre-quake signals are often hidden in numerous ordinary ground movements, making it difficult for scientists to tell genuine seismic (地震的) patterns from random noise. Fortunately, a new study adopts innovative artificial intelligence technology to identify hidden earthquake early signs that traditional methods fail to recognize. Researchers from the GFZ Helmholtz Center for Geosciences, including Dr. Sadegh Karimpouli, worked with international partners to build a data-driven method for spotting changes in seismic activity before some large earthquakes. In conventional systems, seismic identification criteria are set by humans in advance. Instead, this new method employs self-organizing machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence that independently sorts underground patterns and spots abnormal activities. This data-driven method was tested on several major earthquake sequences (序列). In those cases, the method’s analysis detected distinct foreshock patterns that appeared weeks to months before the mainshock. These patterns show three main features: growing groups of small ground shakes, concentrated seismic distribution and greater release of underground pressure, which signal the gradual instability of local rocks. The test results also revealed an important boundary of the method. Some earthquakes, such as the 2024 Noto earthquake in Japan, occur when underground rocks break suddenly with no clear early changes and send out no detectable pre-quake signals, which restricts the wide application of this new detection method. Even so, the new AI technique can greatly lift prediction accuracy as an auxiliary tool, instead of taking the place of traditional monitoring systems. Combining machine learning with geological knowledge, this AI method effectively tracks underground stress changes and identifies geological abnormalities in advance. It offers a new perspective for geoscience, improving the sensitivity of earthquake early warnings. All the same, further work is needed to perfect the system before it can be used for real-time disaster prevention. 1．How does the AI method differ from traditional systems? A．It can easily avoid random noise. B．It analyzes seismic data automatically. C．It is intended for small earthquakes. D．It relies on preset monitoring standards. 2．What do the distinct foreshock patterns indicate? A．Seismic activities spread to wider areas. B．Earthquakes will happen several years later. C．Nearby ground is on the way to breaking apart. D．More small grouped shocks follow mainshocks. 3．What does the underlined word “auxiliary” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Assisting. B．Independent. C．Existing. D．Automatic. 4．What is the author’s overall attitude toward the AI method? A．Favorable. B．Conservative. C．Negative. D．Objective. Passage 5 话题：一种新型离子热制冷技术 体裁：科普 词数：353 （2027·河北石家庄市第一中学学情检测）On a hot summer day, a cold drink is a welcome treat. But the cooling technology behind it comes at a cost. Traditional refrigerators use gases called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are powerful contributors to global warming. Finding a better way has long been an unsolved problem. Now, scientists have developed a new cooling method that may change this. Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory released a technique called ionocaloric (离子热) cooling. As the name suggests, it uses ions — charged particles (粒子) — to create a cooling effect. The idea builds on a simple physical process and theoretical modeling: melting takes heat. You’ve seen this on a winter road — salt on ice causes it to melt, even in freezing temperatures. The ionocaloric cycle also uses salt to change a liquid’s phase and cool its surroundings. Through modeling, the team predicted that moving ions could change a material’s melting point, allowing it to absorb heat on demand. To test this prediction, scientists mixed a salt — sodium iodide — into a liquid, ethylene carbonate (EC，碳酸乙烯酯). When a small electric current was applied, the salt ions moved, which changed the melting point of the liquid, causing it to melt. As the liquid melted, it absorbed heat, cooling the space like melting ice. The team measured a temperature drop of 25℃ with less than one volt — outperforming other similar technologies. These results point to a bigger story. The system balances efficiency, cost, and environmental impact. Early tests show promise in all three. One reason is the working liquid, EC, can be made from CO2, meaning the system could be carbon negative. It avoids harm and helps clean up. “The ionocaloric cycle has the potential to meet all these goals,” said Drew Lilley, the leading engineer. If successful, this technology could help nations meet the goals of the Kigali Amendment, which aims to cut HFC use by 80%. Now, researchers face the next challenge: moving the technology from the lab to the real world. With further development, these systems could one day provide both cooling and heating — without harming the planet. 1．What is the principle of the ionocaloric cooling? A．Melting absorbs heat from surroundings. B．Expanding gas can produce cooling. C．Electricity can generate heat in materials. D．Salt lowers the freezing point of water. 2．How did researchers test their prediction? A．By reducing the amount of HFCs. B．By measuring CO2 in the atmosphere. C．By monitoring real-time winter road conditions. D．By conducting current in a salt-containing liquid. 3．Why does the author stress EC can be made from CO2? A．To state how the system cuts HFCs. B．To prove the system can save electricity. C．To explain how the system brings cooling effect. D．To show the system can help ease global warming. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards ionocaloric cooling? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Dismissive. Passage 6 话题：减少遭受洪水的威胁 体裁：科普 词数：317 （2027·广东省汕头市金山中学摸底）A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters has some warning news for people living in the lower 48 states: You may be at risk from river flooding and not even know it until the water starts to rise. In fact, the study, estimates of present and future flood risk in the United States, found that 41 million U. S. residents are at risk from flooding along rivers. That’s three times more than current estimates based on the flood maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , which primarily maps the areas at risk for 1-in-100-year floods in populous (人口众多的) river basins. Why does the big difference come into being? As always, it’s all about the data. Generally, FEMA prioritizes risk-assessment areas based on their population; reserving expensive field-work methodologies (研究方法) for the more populous river basins, but many other rivers have not yet been mapped at all. The size of the USA means that flood maps made in this way are incomplete. It would be too expensive and time-consuming to survey every river basin in America. The national-scale flood maps produced by FEMA leave the flood risk of many parts of the country unaccounted for. For this research, scientists from The Nature Conservancy adopted a pioneering methodology that avoids the defects of the FEMA approach, where individual catchments (流域) are studied by making use of big data. The study used a new high-resolution model, produced by the flood-mapping organization Fathom, which copies floods on all rivers across the entire continental United States. “We were all surprised by how many people are actually exposed to freshwater flooding in the USA,” said Oliver Wing, lead researcher on the study and a PhD student at the University of Bristol. “It’s particularly worrisome considering that most of these people aren’t even aware of the risk they face. This study helps fill that critical information gap.” 1．What did the new paper intend to tell readers? A．The mistakes made by FEMA． B．The serious situation of the flood. C．The populous river basins of the USA． D．The unseen risk of the flood in the USA． 2．Why is the map produced by FEMA incomplete? A．It’s dangerous to research all the rivers. B．The size of the USA is too big. C．It ignores less populous rivers. D．The efficiency of making it is low. 3．What does the underlined word “defects” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Shortcomings. B．Potential. C．Consumption. D．Contributions. 4．What attitude does Oliver Wing have to the study? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Cautious. D．Uncaring. Passage 7 话题：辅助识别癌变组织影像 体裁：科普 词数：301 （2027·广东汕头市潮阳实验学校等学校联考）In some cities, pigeons are unappreciated. They search for thrown particles of food and stare blankly at passersby. It’s led some people to falsely believe that pigeons aren’t very intelligent or worthy of the space they take up. But it’s time to change our thinking. Humans domesticated (驯化) pigeons thousands of years ago, and part of the reason why they gather around humans is that they’ve lost much of their survival instinct (本能). Beyond even that, they’re highly intelligent creatures that don’t get nearly the credit they deserve. A study published in 2015 noted that the visual systems used by pigeons have a lot in common with those of humans. The researchers decided to put that visual recognition to the test in a high-risk situation. Pigeons were trained with food reinforcement to recognize the difference between images of malignant and benign (恶性与良性) human tissue samples. Once they were up to speed, they proved to be incredibly accurate at identifying the cancerous images. What’s especially fascinating is that the researchers were able to demonstrate real learning and pattern recognition by the birds. They were able to generalize their learnings, meaning they weren’t just memorizing the correct answers to the images they trained on. Once trained, they still kept the accuracy when looking at novel images they’d never seen before. The study found that the average trained pigeon was about 85% effective in identifying cancerous images. However, when pigeons were grouped together four at a time — called “flock sourcing” — their accuracy rose to a staggering 99%. “The birds’ successes and difficulties suggest that pigeons are well-suited to help us better understand human medical image perception,” the researchers concluded, “and may also prove useful in performance assessment and development of medical imaging hardware, image processing, and image analysis tools.” 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 1? A．To present a prejudice for further discussion. B．To explain why pigeons are clever. C．To show pigeons’ city behaviors. D．To state pigeons have lost their instincts. 2．What does the 2015 study reveal about pigeons? A．They merely remember training samples. B．They nearly keep the recognition accuracy at 85% in groups. C．They can recognize images of cancerous tissue samples. D．They can identify images faster through food rewards. 3．What does the flock sourcing data suggest about pigeons? A．Individual pigeons are incapable. B．Four pigeons are the best work group. C．Pigeons’ ability remains to be unknown. D．Collective work improves their performance. 4．What is the researchers’ attitude to using pigeons in medicine? A．Strongly doubtful. B．Cautiously hopeful. C．Fully confident. D．Sharply critical. Passage 8 话题：全新的大气集水技术 体裁：科普 词数：323 （2027·河南信阳高级中学段检测）Feeling thirsty? Drawing clean water directly from the air is possible, as even extremely dry regions contain some moisture (水汽). Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days. To break this bottleneck, MIT engineers Ikra Shuvo and Svetlana Boriskina identified a much faster method. Instead of heating the water-absorbing materials to release water, they use high-frequency ultrasonic (超声波的) vibrations to shake the moisture loose. These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops. The new approach elegantly bypasses the materials’ unyielding nature. “Any material that is very good at absorbing water doesn’t want to part with it,” explains Boriskina. “So you normally need to put a lot of energy into pulling water out.” With ultrasound, this process is completely transformed. Lab tests show this method is about 45 times more efficient than traditional heating, freeing the trapped water in mere minutes. This breakthrough overturns the assumption that AWH systems must absorb moisture overnight and depend on passive sunlight during the day. Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night. The project’s ultimate purpose goes far beyond laboratory efficiency. Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air. 1．What does “this bottleneck” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The lack of water in dry regions. B．The huge cost of current devices. C．The slow process of releasing water. D．The poor performance of the materials. 2．How do the ultrasound waves release water from the materials? A．By heating the watery materials. B．By overcoming the trapping force. C．By breaking water into small drops. D．By changing the materials’ property. 3．What activates the new device automatically? A．An electronic sensor. B．A water cycling setup. C．Insufficient water absorption. D．Continuous sunlight exposure. 4．What does Boriskina highlight regarding the project in the last paragraph? A．Its further research. B．Its practical potential. C．Its current limitations. D．Its technical improvements. Passage 9 话题： 给机器人运动引入适度随机性可避免拥堵、提升群体协作效率 体裁：科普 词数：361 （2027·湖南郴州市联考）When a large number of robots are employed in a limited space, such as the disaster clean-up or factory assembly (装配), a common problem arises. Initially, more robots mean faster work. However, beyond a certain point, overcrowding leads to traffic jams and collisions, causing overall efficiency to drop sharply. This presents a key challenge: How can we maximize the number of robots working together without causing jams? Researchers from Harvard University believe they have discovered a surprisingly simple yet effective solution. The research team, led by Ph. D．student Lucy Liu, found that introducing a controlled amount of randomness into each robot’s movement can significantly reduce blockage and improve the group’s overall performance. This might go against common sense, as one would expect the orderly, straight-line movement to be the most efficient. To test their idea, the team first created detailed computer simulations. In these simulations, virtual agents were assigned random destinations in a limited space. When these agents moved in perfectly straight lines, they quickly formed tight crowds that blocked all progress. On the contrary, when their movements were completely random and irregular, blockage disappeared, but efficiency declined because the agents wandered aimlessly, taking far too long to reach their goals. The breakthrough came when the researchers identified a “Goldilocks zone” — a specific, intermediate level of movement randomness. Within this perfect range, the agents’ paths were neither perfectly straight nor completely chaotic. They occasionally hit each other, forming brief crowds, but were able to slip past one another and continue moving toward their targets. This balance allowed the entire system to maintain a steady, efficient flow. The team then translated these observations into mathematical models that could predict the ideal combination of robot density and movement variation to achieve the highest task completion rate. To confirm their theoretical findings, the researchers conducted real-world experiments by using small wheeled robots in a laboratory. They demonstrated that a moderate amount of randomness in their movements led to the best overall performance. This study demonstrates that complex, efficient group coordination does not necessarily require advanced intelligence or central control. Instead, it can emerge from simple, local rules followed by individual units. 1．How is the relationship between the number of robots and their working efficiency? A．Stable. B．Unclear. C．Independent. D．Variable. 2．Which of the following works best for robots’ movements? A．Straight routes. B．Orderly motion. C．Proper randomness. D．Irregular moves. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about robots? A．Their basic movement rules. B．Their past movement records. C．Their major movement target. D．Their ideal movement balance. 4．What can be inferred about robot groups from the study? A．Simplicity can achieve high efficiency. B．Strict control brings the best results. C．Complexity contributes to good coordination. D．Advanced intelligence is required for group work. Passage 10 话题：谷歌研发的新天气预测模型NeuralGCM 体裁：科普 词数：330 （2027·湖南省衡阳市第八中学开学）Researchers from Google have built a new weather prediction model that combines machine learning with conventional techniques, potentially yielding more accurate forecasts. The model, called NeuralGCM and described in a paper in Nature today, bridges a divide that’s grown among weather prediction experts in the last several years. The conventional models, which have dominated weather prediction for the last 50 years, use complex equations (方程) to model changes in the atmosphere and give forecasts, but they are extremely slow and expensive to run. Experts are divided on which tool will be most reliable going forward. But the new model from Google instead attempts to combine the two. “It’s not sort of physics vs. AI. It’s really physics and AI together, ” says Stephan Hoyer, an AI researcher at Google Research and a co-author of the paper. “NeuralGCM shows that when we combine AI with the conventional physics-based models, we can dramatically improve the accuracy and speed of atmospheric climate simulations (模拟),” said Stephan Hoyer. The paper said NeuralGCM proved faster, more accurate and used less computing power in tests against a traditional forecasting model based on atmospheric physics tools called X-SHiELD． In one test, NeuralGCM identified almost the same number of tropical storms as conventional extreme weather trackers did, and twice the number of X-SHiELD．In another test based on temperature and humidity (湿度) levels during 2020, the error rate was between 15 and 50 percent less. Peter Dueben, another co-author of the latest paper, said AI-only models were “often viewed dubiously” by experts because they were not based on mathematical equations devised (设计) from physics. However, the combination of the physics-based model with the deep learning model “seems to get the best of both worlds”, he said, adding that the approach was a “big step towards climate modelling with machine learning”. “The appetite is there for AI, ” Peter says. “But I think a lot of people still are waiting to see what happens. ” 1．According to the passage, NeuralGCM is helpful in ________. A．broadcasting weather forecast B．preventing further climate changes C．bridging the gap between researchers D．building accurate climate models 2．What does the author want to do by mentioning the two tests? A．To analyze NeuralGCM’s working process. B．To highlight the efficiency of NeuralGCM. C．To compare NeuralGCM with other models. D．To reveal problems of conventional trackers. 3．What does the underlined word “dubiously” mean in paragraph 5? A．Skeptically. B．Strictly. C．Precisely. D．Curiously. 4．What’s Peter Dueben’s attitude to the deep learning model? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Anxious. D．Uncertain. Passage 11 话题：预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具 体裁：科普 词数：317 （2027·江苏省邗江中学检测）To determine the type and severity of a cancer, scientists usually analyze thin slices of a tumor(肿瘤) under a microscope. But to tell how the tumor is treated, scientists must perform genetic sequencing(排序) of the RNA isolated from the tumor, a process that can take weeks and costs thousands of dollars. But now, Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered computational program that can predict the activity of thousands of genes within tumor cells. The tool was created using data from more than 7,000 diverse tumor samples. The team showed that it could be used routinely to predict genetic variations in breast cancers and to predict patient outcomes. “This kind of software could be used to quickly identify gene signatures in patients’ tumors, speeding up clinical (临床的) decision-making and saving the health care system thousands of dollars,” said Olivier Gevaert, PhD． The researchers began with 7,584 cancer biopsies (活检) from 16 different cancer types. Each biopsy had been sliced into thin sections and prepared. After the researchers integrated their new cancer biopsies as well as other datasets, including images from thousands of healthy cells, the AI program-which they named SEQUOIA-was able to predict the expression patterns of more than 15,000 different genes from the stained images. To test the effect of SEQUOIA for clinical decision-making, Gevaert and his colleagues identified breast cancer genes that the model could accurately predict the expression of and that are already used in commercial breast cancer genomic tests. The AI model can’t yet be used in a clinical setting, but Gevaert said his team is studying its potential applications. In the future, he said, SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests. “We’ve shown how useful this could be for breast cancer, and we can now use it for all cancers,” he said. “It’s a whole new source of data that we didn’t have before.” 1．How do scientists usually find out the treatment of a tumor? A．By analyzing its thin slices. B．By using a computational program. C．By performing genetic sequencing. D．By referring to routinely collected data. 2．What can we know about SEQUOIA from the passage? A．It has been widely used. B．It can predict all genes’ activity. C．It has reduced the cost of gene tests. D．It’s likely to lessen the requirement for costly genetic tests. 3．What did Gevaert think of the future of the AI model? A．Potential. B．Useless. C．Changeable. D．Ambiguous. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A new tool for analyzing tumor slices. B．An AI tool to predict tumor gene activity. C．An attempt to perform original genetic sequencing. D．AI technology to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. Passage 12 话题：利用激光实现纸质包装无添加剂密封 体裁：科普 词数：307 （2027·安徽省马鞍山市第二中学教学质量监测）Since plastic packaging accounts for a large part of plastic waste, one material that is becoming more and more popular as a sustainable alternative to plastic is paper. However, the problem is that sealing (封住) paper packaging requires additives such as adhesives (黏合剂) or plastic. These additives dirty the paper, complicate the recycling process, and reduce the quality of the recycled material. This poses a significant challenge to the otherwise established and efficient paper recycling process. In the PAPURE project, Fraunhofer researchers are looking to improve recyclability by sealing paper packaging without any additives. In the first step, the researchers characterize coated and uncoated papers for packaging applications, as well as printer papers and cardboard, to determine whether they are suitable for sealing without the application of further additives. Roughly three dozen types of paper are available for selection. Special attention is given to determining the primary components of the paper-lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. In the next step, the researchers shine a CO laser (激光) on the paper surface. The laser rapidly heats the paper, turning its main parts into small pieces in a controlled process. This innovative process step is what enables adhesive-free sealing of the paper. After the laser hits the paper, sugar-like products remain on the paper surface and seal under heat and pressure without any additional material. “By using the laser, we create sugar-like reaction products that we use instead of the man-made materials or adhesives that would otherwise be required to seal the paper by the heat sealing process. In this way, we are essentially producing our own adhesive,” says Volker Franke, a researcher at Fraunhofer. “After laser treatment, we have succeeded in using heat sealing to bond two layers of paper.” Fraunhofer researchers will be presenting the potential applications of this technology at the Interpack 2026 trade show. 1．What is the problem with sealing paper packaging? A．It wastes too much energy. B．It causes paper to tear easily. C．It lowers recycled material quality. D．It increases the cost of production. 2．What do the researchers first do in the project? A．Shine a CO laser on the paper. B．Categorize additive varieties. C．Apply additives to the paper. D．Examine paper suitability. 3．What role does the laser play? A．It enables the formation of bonding substances. B．It strengthens the fibers of recycled materials. C．It damages the paper surface structure. D．It removes natural paper components. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Real Challenges for Paper Industry B．Conventional Technique for Paper Bonding C．Common Practice for Paper Packaging D．Sustainable Solution for Paper Sealing Passage 13 话题：脊髓损伤患者的商业脑机接口设备 体裁：科普 词数：361 （2027·江苏省南通中学月考）In a world first, China has approved a brain implant for commercial use in people with spinal cord (脊髓) injuries. The device is a brain-computer interface (脑机接口) made by Shanghai’s Neuracle Medical Technology, a competitor of Elon Musk’s BCI firm Neuralink. Brain implants have been used in clinical tests for decades, but this is the first time such a device has been approved for wide use on patients. BCIs, sometimes known as brain-machine interfaces, record brain activity. Invasive BCIs like Neuracle’s are surgically implanted in or on the brain to record electrical signals from nerve cells. Software decodes these signals to control a computer mouse or an artificial arm. One of the first BCIs was created in the early 2000s by a research group BrainGate. Neuracle’s BCI, a coin-sized wireless implant on the brain’s outer membrane (膜), is designed for people with spinal cord injuries who still have some upper arm function. While most BCIs are generally developed to assist people with paralysis (瘫痪) or other physical disabilities, Musk’s Neuralink envisions a future where such devices can also benefit healthy individuals, an ambitious goal that still lies far in the future. In the US, Neuralink has come the closest to commercializing this technology, but questions about the device’s safety remain. In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initially rejected a bid for Neuralink to test its technology in a clinical trial. A trial was eventually approved the following year, and Noland Arbaugh, who was paralyzed below the neck, became the first user to have a Neuralink implant. As of January 2026, the company said it had 21 participants enrolled in its trial. Many other American start-up companies, such as Synchron, are developing their own BCIs and are also running ongoing trials. While there is convincing evidence from these clinical tests, the devices are still considered experimental. Installing brain implants requires brain surgery, after all, which is highly invasive and carries a risk of infection. And the implants can sometimes move or cause scar tissue buildup over time that degrades their signals. No BCI devices have been approved for commercial use in the U. S. so far. 1．What’s special about Neuracle’s BCI? A．It controls an artificial arm. B．It first applies to healthy people. C．It receives approval for commercial use. D．It’s the world’s earliest BCI product. 2．How does the implanted BCI work? A．By recording the brain signals. B．By controlling a robotic glove. C．By stimulating the nerve cells. D．By recovering upper arm ability. 3．Why does the author mention Synchron in paragraph 4? A．To explain the US companies take the lead. B．To show BCIs are seeing rapid development. C．To advertise for the newly-founded enterprise. D．To prove Neuralink has a powerful competitor. 4．Which of the following statements best describes BCIs according to the text? A．Useful but not acceptable. B．Invasive but highly reliable. C．Dangerous but worth trying. D．Technically progressive but risky. Passage 14 话题：3D打印复杂血管树的技术工具 体裁：科普 词数：327 （2027·江苏省省常中、镇江一中、南京二十九中阶段检测）More than 100,000 people in the United States are currently waiting for organ transplants, and many face long delays or rejection even when a suitable donor is found. One promising alternative is regenerative medicine, which aims to grow personalized organs using a patient’s own cells. Ensuring that oxygen and nutrients can reach every part of a newly grown organ is an ongoing challenge. Researchers at Stanford have created new tools to design and 3D print the incredibly complex vascular (血管的) trees needed to carry blood throughout an organ. The researchers built an algorithm (算法) to create vascular trees similar to native organ blood vessel structures. They ensured that the vasculature would evenly distribute blood and successfully shorten the time needed to generate the network. While 3D printers aren’t yet up to the task of printing such a fine-scale network, the researchers were able to design and print a vascular model with 500 branches. Using a 3D bio-printer, the researchers created a thick ring loaded with human cells and built a network of 25 vessels running through it. The researchers are quick to note that these vascular networks are not yet functional blood vessels — they don’t have muscle cells or anything else that they would need to work on their own. “This is the first step toward generating really complex vascular networks,” said Dominic Rütsche, one of the researchers. “We can print them at never-before-seen complexities, but they are not yet fully functional vessels. We’re working on that.” Turning these designs into functioning blood vessels is just one of the many tasks that the researchers are working on. “This is a critical step in the process,” Dominic said. “We have successfully generated enough heart cells from human stem cells to print the whole human heart, and now we can design a good, complex vascular tree to keep them fed and living. We are now actively putting the two together: cells and vasculature, at organ scale.” 1．What does Stanford’s research mainly focus on? A．Increasing available donor organs. B．Removing deadly organ rejections. C．Designing workable vascular networks. D．Developing personalized 3D bio-printers. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the research? A．Its principles. B．Its achievements. C．Its objectives. D．Its process. 3．How does Dominic describe the research? A．Practical but costly. B．Worthwhile but risky. C．Fruitful but questionable. D．Promising but immature. 4．What will the researchers do next? A．Employ stem cells to print whole organs. B．Integrate cells and vessels on a larger scale. C．Generate more cells for further experiments. D．Produce vascular trees to sustain heart cells. Passage 15 话题：机器人模仿鸟鸣 体裁：科普 词数：346 （2027·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学阶段检测）Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires have successfully used a robotic tutor to teach the male chingolo, a kind of small bird in South America, a song that was once part of the species’ culture but had been lost for more than half a century. Male chingolos learn their unique, two-second melody from adult males. “It is a distinctive song — like a fingerprint, but learned,” says one of the researchers. “It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the birds’ way of saying, ‘This is me, and here I am.’” However, urbanization and habitat loss have broken this learning chain, causing local song “dialects” to disappear. Driven by this problem, researchers took on a pioneering task: bringing back a song that had disappeared from the wild — known only from a musical record made in the 1960s — to a population of chingolos. Using physics-based modeling of the birds’ vocal tract (声道), the team first created an accurate artificial version of the lost song. They then engineered this model into a physical device designed to broadcast the forgotten melody — a “robotic tutor”. This artificial song was introduced to the chingolos in a park during their critical learning period from October to February. The sessions took place during peak singing hours and were limited to a maximum of eight hours. There were random pauses in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses. The results were impressive. Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音), which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics. “This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity,” says another researcher. The team is now developing AI systems to automatically identify individual bird songs and planning to study cultural spread in bird populations to ensure that bird culture is not lost again. 1．Why did the researchers teach the birds the song? A．To save an endangered species. B．To study the birds’ brain structure. C．To develop new robotic devices. D．To preserve the birds’ cultural heritage. 2．What is a role of chingolos’ song? A．It keeps hunters away from them. B．It helps them adapt to urban growth. C．It functions as their social identity. D．It makes them remember their habitat. 3．What is the purpose of the random pauses? A．To protect the birds’ vocal tract. B．To test the birds’ reaction speed. C．To push the birds to catch the beat. D．To trick the birds into interaction. 4．What do the birds’ learning results suggest? A．Young birds simply copy what they hear. B．Birds song reflects both learning and nature. C．Local accents make new songs hard to learn. D．Bird populations develop songs independently. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $