组合练八 灾害防范与宇宙探索（1）-【高考领航】2027年高考英语总复习四测通关卷

**基本信息** 以“灾害防范与宇宙探索”为主题整合高考英语核心题型，通过真实语料与多样任务培养语言能力与跨文化意识，实现知识输入到输出的逻辑递进。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|7题（4篇学生播客+1篇飓风纪实）|信息匹配、推理判断、主旨归纳|从灾害案例（火灾/洪水）到人物视角，构建“现象-影响-应对”认知链| |七选五|5题（火星探索挑战）|段落衔接、逻辑补全|围绕太空探索风险（健康/辐射/生存），形成问题-解决方案的论证逻辑| |语法填空|10题（中国舱外航天服）|语法应用（时态/非谓语/定语从句）|以航天科技为载体，体现技术发展与语言结构的关联| |应用文写作|1题（电动车禁入通知）|指令性写作|结合生活安全场景，实现语言知识到实际应用的转化|

组合练八　灾害防范与宇宙探索(1) (时间：45分钟　满分：60分) Ⅰ.阅读理解A、B篇(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分) A Here are four student podcasts(播客) that offer a glimpse into the minds of students and what they say about news concerning climate in their communities—and what they hope to do about it. Behind the Scenes of the Mosquito Fire In a 10-episode series, a sixth-grade class at the Georgetown School of Innovation in Georgetown, Calif., shares stories from the damaging Mosquito Fire in 2022. This group of eight students asks two firefighters from the Georgetown Fire Department what it's like to fight fires and protect loved ones in their hometown. Fires: Set Ablaze At Chautauqua Elementary, the Vashon fifth-graders talk about the far-reaching and lasting impact of wildfires and wildfire smoke—and the direct effects on their lives, like waiting for the school bus on a smoky day. The students also interview experts and share their research on wildfire precautions(预防措施)． Flowing Through Time In this podcast from Peak Academy, a group of eight middle schoolers reports on dealing with water shortages in Bozeman, Montana. They trace the history of their growing hometown's water supply, which has been dependent on mountain snowmelt. As that source becomes less reliable in a warming world, the students turn to the grown-ups to ask what they can do to conserve water. Washed Away The deadly flooding in eastern Kentucky last year forever changed the lives of high schoolers Ryley Bowman, Carolina Johnson and Hunter Noble. The three classmates at Morgan County High School in West Liberty, Ky., share firsthand accounts of their own and their family's experiences during the floods. 1．Who shows interest in firefighters' stories? A．Peak Academy students. B．Chautauqua Elementary students. C．Morgan County High School students. D．Georgetown School of Innovation students. 2．Which podcast shows concern for water conservation? A．Washed Away. B．Fires: Set Ablaze. C．Flowing Through Time. D．Behind the Scenes of the Mosquito Fire. 3．What do Fires: Set Ablaze and Washed Away have in common? A．They consult experts' research results. B．They share students' personal experiences. C．They explore the causes of climate change. D．They discuss precautions for natural disasters. B Jesse Barber, a documentary photographer and lifelong resident of Western North Carolina, brought a deeply personal perspective to cover the destruction of Hurricane Helene. As a graduate of Appalachian State University in Documentary and Appalachian Studies, Barber focuses on capturing(拍摄) rural life in his beloved mountains. However, Helene presented an unexpected challenge. “The photos of destruction are endless, and are going to continue to be endless，” he said. Barber drove over 1，000 miles in the region over three days last week, to Brevard and beyond, finding the shots, talking with rescue workers and residents. But as a local, Barber brought a different focus than many journalists and photographers covering the storm's destruction and the beginning of recovery. “I started to feel the outsider in me becoming the insider，” he says. His copious knowledge of the conditions in the area proved crucial. When an editor suggested staying in an Asheville hotel, Barber knew it was impossible. Having left his own flooding basement, he found no gas or food available, realizing the situation was far worse than editors understood. At a Marion gas station, he photographed a man whose house was half-destroyed, a direct glimpse into the degree of personal loss. Barber's approach prioritized human connection over capturing quick disaster shots. “I'm trying to experience and listen，” he says, valuing the sense of place and people. While documenting shocking geological changes, he also sought resilience(韧性) and hope in the disaster. He met tired and hungry residents maintaining positive attitudes, like a volunteer firefighter from Bat Cave working in Chimney Rock who insisted, “We'll be all right... Things will be a little different, but we'll still be here.” As national attention shifts, Barber will remain focused on Appalachia. His rapid response during Helene “confirmed my commitment to staying rooted in place，” he says, confirming his choice to live in Morganton over larger art centres. “I do feel like my work and my mission are worthwhile. I just want to do good for my people.” 4．What prepared Barber to cover Hurricane Helene? A．His studies in big cities. B．His local life experience. C．Special disaster training. D．Work with national media. 5．What does the underlined word “copious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Limited. B．Further. C．Advanced. D．Enormous. 6．What makes Barber's photos different from others? A．Centering on destruction. B．Ignoring people's suffering. C．Focusing on people's spirits. D．Avoiding geological change. 7．What does Barber's story show? A．Social responsibilities matter. B．Disaster shots define impact. C．Big cities offer better growth. D．Teamwork is crucial in media. Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. __8__ However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. First, a round trip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. __9__ Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help. Then there's space radiation to worry about. The Earth's magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic(宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. __10__ This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts. __11__ Since astronauts can't carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA's Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. Planning a trip to Mars isn't just about keeping astronauts safe. __12__ Humans are filled with microbes(微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don't infect other planets. A．Exploring space always comes with risks. B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C．They can't restock like astronauts on the space station do. D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E．That's why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 答 题 栏 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答案 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) The extravehicular(舱外的) spacesuit B was worn by astronaut Chen Dong on August 15 during the third series of extravehicular activities(EVAs) of the Shenzhou-20 crew aboard China's orbiting space station. The suit thus became the first 13.________ its kind on China's space station 14.________ (meet) the goal of supporting 20 EVAs within 4 years. 15．________ space station spacesuit B has been worn by 11 astronauts across eight manned space tasks, according to Zhang Wanxin from the China Astronaut Research and Training Center. An extravehicular spacesuit is essential equipment for astronauts during EVAs in space, ensuring their safety and 16.________ (enable) efficient operations outside the cabin(舱室). The second-generation Feitian extravehicular spacesuit on China's space station 17.________ (have) a three-year service life in orbit, during 18.________ period it can be used for at least 15 EVAs, according to its design standards. China's space station extravehicular spacesuit is the first flight product in China to perform in-orbit lifespan 19.________ (assess) and extended use. On July 15, Tianzhou-9 cargo craft delivered new supplies to China's space station, including two sets of second-generation Feitian extravehicular spacesuits, 20.________ (label) D and E. Compared to the country's first-generation Feitian spacesuits for spacewalks, the second-generation suits feature key technological advances. They have a 21.________ (long) lifespan. Besides, they are safer and more 22.________ (rely), and support astronauts' operations more efficiently, providing strong support for EVAs during the construction and operation of China's space station, according to Zhang. Ⅳ.应用文写作(满分15分) 你所在的小区近日准备张贴严禁电动车入楼的通知。物业公司请你帮忙用英文写一则通知，告知小区内的外国朋友，内容包括： 1．严禁电动车入楼； 2．危害和消防安全建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 NOTICE ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Property Management Company 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 组合练八　灾害防范与宇宙探索(1) Ⅰ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个学生播客，他们关注自己社区的气候新闻，并分享他们的观点和希望采取的行动。 1．D　细节理解题。根据Behind the Scenes of the Mosquito Fire部分“In a 10-episode series, a sixth-grade class... what it's like to fight fires and protect loved ones in their hometown.”可知，Georgetown School of Innovation的学生对消防员的故事感兴趣。 2．C　细节理解题。根据Flowing Through Time部分“In this podcast from Peak Academy... what they can do to conserve water.”可知，Flowing Through Time关注水资源保护。 3．B　细节理解题。根据Fires: Set Ablaze部分“At Chautauqua Elementary... The students also interview experts and share their research on wildfire precautions(预防措施)．”和Washed Away部分“The deadly flooding in eastern Kentucky last year... share firsthand accounts of their own and their family's experiences during the floods.”可知，Fires: Set Ablaze和Washed Away都分享学生的个人经历。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了纪实摄影师Jesse Barber作为北卡罗来纳州西部的本地人，以独特的视角记录飓风 Helene的破坏，重点关注受灾者的韧性和希望，体现了其对家乡的社会责任感。 4．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Jesse Barber, a documentary photographer and lifelong resident of Western North Carolina... Barber focuses on capturing(拍摄) rural life in his beloved mountains.”可知，本地生活经验为Barber报道飓风Helene奠定了基础。 5．D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后“... When an editor suggested staying in an Asheville hotel... realizing the situation was far worse than editors understood.”可推断，画线词与Enormous的意思相近。 6．C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Barber's approach prioritized human connection over capturing quick disaster... hope in the disaster.”可知，Barber的照片不仅记录破坏，更关注人们在灾难中表现出的韧性与希望，即聚焦于人们的精神层面，这使其照片有别于他人。 7．A　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“As national attention shifts, Barber will remain focused on Appalachia.”和“I do feel like my work and my instruction are worthwhile. I just want to do good for my people.”可推断，Barber的故事表明社会责任很重要。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章从多个角度分析了人类登陆火星的可能性和难点，包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及保护火星环境等方面。 8．E　根据空前“Over the last 60 years... Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration.”可知，E项“这就是为什么某些国家对派遣人类前往火星感兴趣”符合。 9．F　根据空前“For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head.”可知，F项“这可能会导致眼压升高，并引发视力并发症”符合。 10．D　根据空前“The Earth's magnetic field protects astronauts... and other health problems.”及空后“This increases the risk of developing the diseases.”可知，D项“在漫长的旅途中，宇航员将面临长时间的暴露”符合。 11．G　根据空后“Since astronauts can't carry construction materials from Earth... for a future Mars oxygen factory.”可知，G项“在火星建立定居地并在那生存将面临诸多挑战”符合。 12．B　根据空前“Planning a trip to Mars isn't just about keeping astronauts safe.”及空后“Humans are filled with microbes(微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars.”可知，B项“它还涉及保护火星免受宇航员的影响”符合。 Ⅲ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国空间站舱外航天服的相关情况，包括其使用记录、功能作用、设计标准、技术升级，以及天舟九号货运飞船为空间站运送新一代航天服的信息。 13．of　考查介词。the first of its kind为固定短语，意为“同类中的首个”。 14．to meet　考查非谓语动词。当名词前有the first、the only等修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语，修饰该名词。 15．The　考查冠词。此处特指前文提到的The extravehicular(舱外的) spacesuit B，应用定冠词the，且句首单词首字母大写。 16．enabling　考查非谓语动词。空前为ensuring their safety, and连接两个并列动名词短语，故用enabling。 17．has　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知，此处描述航天服的设计标准这一客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The second-generation Feitian extravehicular spacesuit为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 18．which　考查定语从句。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a three-year service life，指物，应用which引导。 19．assessment　考查词形转换。根据空前的lifespan和空后的并列结构and extended use可知，此处应用assess的名词形式assessment，作宾语，lifespan assessment为固定搭配，意为“寿命评估”。 20．label(l)ed　考查非谓语动词。此处用label的非谓语动词形式，因其与名词two sets of second-generation Feitian extravehicular spacesuits之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词label(l)ed。 21．longer　考查形容词比较级。根据前文Compared to the country's first-generation Feitian spacesuits可知，此处是将第二代航天服与第一代对比，应用long的比较级longer。 22．reliable　考查词形转换。根据空前的系动词are和safer and more可知，此处用rely的形容词形式reliable作表语，与safer并列。 Ⅳ. One possible version: NOTICE For the safety and well-being of all residents, we would like to emphasize that electric bicycles are strictly prohibited from entering the buildings. The potential dangers include but are not limited to: injuries in the limited passageways, rescue delay due to blocked exits and most importantly, a fire outbreak brought by battery-charging indoors. Please ensure that all fire safety measures are in place. You are advised to park your electric bicycles in designated areas outside. Let's work together to maintain a safe community. Thanks for your understanding and cooperation. Property__Management__Company 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $