语境5 健康的生活方式（一）饮食与健康-【高考领航】2027年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

该高中英语高考复习学案围绕“健康的生活方式（饮食与健康）”话题，系统梳理话题词汇、词块及句式等核心考点，通过清单式排查与层级式精练构建知识网络，以问题链和任务驱动引导学生自主梳理词汇变形、词块搭配及句式运用规律，体现考点梳理的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于分层自测与能力进阶设计，如基础达标环节设置词汇多维度练习（如operate的动词搭配、recover的语境运用）和话题写作填空，能力提升环节融入阅读理解、七选五及语法填空等题型，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。学生可通过分层练习自主诊断薄弱点，教师能依据学情精准指导，助力个性化复习与因材施教。

语境5　健康的生活方式(一)　饮食与健康 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.appetite n．食欲；胃口 2．balance vt.平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡 balanced adj.均衡的 3．delicious adj.美味的；可口的 4．diet n．饮食 5．digest v．消化；领会 6．drunk adj.醉的 7．energetic adj.精力旺盛的 energy n．精力；能量 8．harm n．& v．伤害；损伤 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 9．health n．健康；卫生 healthy adj.健康的；健壮的 unhealthy adj.不健康的，不卫生的 10．lifestyle n．生活方式 11．medical adj.医学的；医疗的 medicine n．医学；药 12．necessarily adv.必然地 necessary adj.必需的；必要的 13．normal adj.正常的；平常的 abnormal adj.不正常的；异常的；反常的；怪异的 14．nutrition n．营养；滋养 nutritious adj.有营养的 15．operate v．做手术；运转；实施；负责；经营；管理 operation n．手术；操作 16.overweight adj.太胖的；超重的 17．pain n．疼痛；疼 painful adj.疼痛的；痛苦的 18．poison n．毒药 vt.使中毒 poisonous adj.有毒的 19．recover vi.复原，恢复健康 vt.重新获得，恢复 recovery n．恢复 20．refresh v．(使)精神振作；(使)精力恢复 21．strength n．力气；力量；优点 strengthen v．加强 22．swallow vt.吞下；咽下 23．symptom n．症状 24．taste v．尝起来 n．品尝 tasteless adj.无滋味的 tasty adj.美味的 话题词块 1.be harmful to/do harm to/be bad for 对……有害 2．be in good health 身体健康 3．be particular about food 挑食 4．be/go on a diet 节食 5．break down (身体)垮掉；(机器)损坏；出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(化学)分解 6．build up one's body/strength 增强某人的体质 7．develop a healthy eating habit 养成健康饮食的习惯 8.get rid of 摆脱 9．keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 10．keep fit/healthy 保持健康 11．put on/lose weight 增/减肥 12．physical and mental health 身心健康 13．skip breakfast 不吃早饭 14．suffer from 遭受；患某种疾病 15．stay away from junk food 远离垃圾食品 话题句式 1.As far as I'm concerned，we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study. 我认为，我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯来增强体力。只有这样我们才能有足够的精力学习。 2．Lastly，it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle，which is essential for overall well-being. 最后，它促进了健康和积极的生活方式，这对整体健康至关重要。 3．The majority of people take in too much fat and not enough fibre，which does great harm to their health. 大多数人摄入的脂肪太多，纤维不足，这对他们的健康很有害。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1．operate v．做手术；运转；实施；负责；经营；管理 ①For most people，it's almost impossible ________(operate) a computer without a mouse，let alone surf the Internet. ②We're all ready to put it________ operation；in other words，we're going to take action as soon as possible. ③The people running these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(词汇升级) →The people________ these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. 2．recover vi.复原，恢复健康vt.重新获得，恢复 ①She soon recovered ________(she) and stopped crying. ②Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident，he finally recovered ________ it. ③听说你病了，我很难过，希望你早日康复。 _________________________________________________________________ 3．break down(身体)垮掉； (机器)损坏；出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂； (化学)分解 写出下列句中break down的含义 ①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.________ ②You will break down sooner or later if you always stay up late.________ ③We were downloading learning materials when our computer broke down. ________ ④Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.________ Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a ________ (balance) diet to their health. 2．Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick________(recover)． 3．Enough sleep can make us ________ (energy) and enable us perform well in an exam. 4．These cookies were very________ (taste) and I had a lot. 5．This activity helps________ (strength) memory and build trust. 6．I think that a good story does not________(necessary) have to have a happy ending. 7．What is known is that being addicted to cellphones is ________ (harm) to health. 8．We should protect the environment so that our next generation will be ________(health)． 9．She weighed more than 90 kilograms，she decided to go________a diet. 10．Among obese children，about 30 percent also suffer________ high levels of blood sugar and fat. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1．你应该定期锻炼，只有这样你才能强身健体，感到精力充沛。 You should work out regularly and only in this way______________________________． 2．我认为，我们要均衡饮食并养成早睡早起的好习惯。 ____________________，we should have a balanced diet and get into the good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. 3．摆脱像吸烟、喝酒这样的坏习惯是保持健康的重要手段。 ______________________like smoking and drinking alcohol is an important way to keep healthy. 4．珍娜双手捧着满满一托盘美味的早餐，慢慢地走近妈妈。 Jenna slowly approached Mother，balancing the breakfast tray ________________ on her hands. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·南通模拟)“Studies show eating too much sugar can lead to a wide range of negative health effects，” says Frank Hu, a professor of nutrition at the Harvard T．H. Chan School of Public Health. Even if you've gotten the message that too much sugar isn't good for your health and are taking steps to cut back, like switching to “low-sugar” baked goods and diet soda, you haven't solved the issue—and you may have created a new problem. Since the 1990s, aspartame has been widely used as a sugar substitute in products such as diet drinks, yogurt and breakfast cereal. But sweeteners like this have come under scrutiny (监管) following a July 2023 statement from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. For the most part, the sugars that naturally occur in an apple or a sweet potato aren't an issue. It's the sugar introduced during the manufacturing of a jarred pasta sauce or the preparation of a muffin, or when you stir a spoonful of sugar into your coffee, for example, that's harming your health. In an effort to avoid excess sugar, many Americans have switched to alternative sweeteners and so-called “natural sugars.” “They may have the halo (光环) effect of a health food, but they're linked to high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. It's true that they do contain some minerals and vitamins, but they are not very different from table sugar indeed，” says Hu. “Artificial sweeteners used to be recommended for people trying to lose weight, but consuming them might even drive us to eat more.” “If it tastes sweet, it has sugar in it，” says Hu. Or it contains an artificial sweetener. The trickier piece of the puzzle is that even if something doesn't taste sweet, it can still contain sweeteners. And if it comes from a coffee shop or fast-food restaurant, or if it has a label on it, it probably has some kind of sugar in it, such as sucrose, brown rice syrup or high fructose corn syrup. 1．What is a new problem according to the author? A．Eating sugar-free food. B．Consuming sweeteners. C．A lack of sugar substitutes. D．A shortage of “natural sugars”． 2．What does Frank Hu think of “natural sugars”？ A．They can help us lose weight. B．They are similar to table sugar. C．They are healthier than added sugar. D．They contain no vitamins indeed. 3．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph? A．Avoid sugar at all costs. B．Use sweeteners instead. C．Sugar exists everywhere. D．Sugar has negative effects. 4．What would be the most suitable title for the text? A．The Bitter Truth About Sugar B．The Whole Story Behind Sugar C．Our Addiction to Sugarand the Solution D．Our Consumption of Sugar and Its Effects B Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health.In fact，a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类)，as well as whole grains，fruit and nuts. Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400，000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking：Eating veggies，especially cooked ones，doesn't reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease)，” said Qi Feng，an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford，in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease，cooked vegetables did not.Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity，educational level，smoking，drinking，fruit intake，red and processed meat consumption，and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead，our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差) ...related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle，” Feng said. Don't start celebrating yet，veggie haters.Experts in the UK and United States quickly took__exception__to__the study's conclusion. “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn't associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account，that doesn't mean we should stop eating vegetables，” said Victoria Taylor，a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation，in a statement. “The results are not surprising.Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet，e.g.，vegetables，is not likely to result in the desired effect，” Alice Lichtenstein，director and senior scientist at Tufts University's Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory，told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients，rather the whole dietary pattern，” said Lichtenstein. 5．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 6．What did Feng imply about vegetables' protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers. B．It still held true despite some different findings. C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 7．Which of following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “take exception to”？ A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to. C．Display ignorance of. D．Take notice of. 8．What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one-sided. C．It would cause confusion. D．It needed more evidence. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Research has shown that mindful eating has positive impacts on people，so it's beneficial to know how to eat more mindfully.Here are some techniques for eating at a healthy pace. Remove all distractions while you eat.__1__ Make sure your cell phone is face down and you're not going to be responding to any messages that come through. Take enough time to finish your meal.Even with all distractions removed，very often you still find yourself eating faster than you should.__2__ It takes about that time for your body to get the signal to the brain that you are full. __3__ You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich.One way to slow down is to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal.Ask yourself：What's on my plate？How hungry am I today？Is it too salty？Notice the smell，the taste and whatever other senses that arise as you eat. Limit the amount of the food you might munch on(大口吃) mindlessly. Put a small amount of snack food，like potato chips，in a separate bowl to help avoid mindless munching.__4__ Putting aside some of the food can help you eat less at a healthier pace. Actually chew. If you're wolfing down(狼吞虎咽) your food you're probably not chewing it.And chewing is an important part of digestion. __5__ Look at each bite before putting it into your mouth，acknowledge what you're eating and chew，chew，chew. A．Notice all the little details about your food. B．Limit your time for a meal within 20 minutes. C．It helps break up the foods so it's easier for absorption. D．Watch out for your food intake and the time you spend on it. E．When you sit down to eat，spend at least 20 minutes doing so. F．If you have a whole bag of it，it is challenging to stop after several bites. G．They can limit your ability to enjoy your food and notice when you are full. Ⅲ.语法填空 Sometimes when we eat，what we're hungry for isn't food—it's the taste of the memory.Studies show that foods we think of 1.________ comfort foods don't contain any magical properties.What might be comforting 2.________ (be) the feeling of closeness to other people they can bring. Thoughts about comfort foods 3.________ (link) to calories，warmth or a sense of well-being.But what we don't think about is that comfort foods also provide something social for us，according to Shira Gabriel，4.________ associate professor of psychology at the State University of New York—Buffalo.Gabriel's study found that people 5.________ have strong bonds with others are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally 6.________ (stress) occasions. Comfort foods are often thought to be rich in calories or full of sugar.Nevertheless，other studies have also 7.________ (evident) shown that the line between comfort and food isn't as clear as “junk food＝happiness”.8.________ (eat) so-called “junk food” does activate the 9.________ (brain) reward system，but the happiness is short-lived because it's not the deep reward of real comfort. But there is something in the ability of comfort foods 10.________ (arouse) the belonging and memory.Taste and smell stay fresh for a long time. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语境5　健康的生活方式(一)　饮食与健康 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1．①to operate　②into　③operating 2．①herself　②from　③I'm sorry to hear that you are ill and I hope you will recover soon. 3．①(谈判)失败　②(身体)垮掉　③出故障 ④分解 Ⅱ. 1．balanced　2.recovery　3.energetic　4.tasty 5．strengthen　6.necessarily　7.harmful 8．healthy　9.on　10.from Ⅲ. 1．can you get into shape and feel energetic　2.As far as I'm concerned　3.Getting rid of bad habits 4．full of tasty food 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，摄入过多的糖会对健康产生各种负面影响。然而，我们却生活在一个被糖包围的世界，并且对其上瘾、乐此不疲。 1．B　细节理解题。第二段指出“you may have created a new problem”，第三段接着说明这一新问题——自20世纪90年代以来，阿斯巴甜已被广泛用作无糖饮料、酸奶和早餐麦片等产品中的代糖(也就是糖的替代品)。但在国际癌症研究机构于2023年7月发表声明后，这类甜味剂受到了严格监管。由此可知，这里的“新问题”就是甜味剂等代糖的食用。故B项正确。 2．B　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Frank Hu认为，替代甜味剂和所谓的“天然糖”表面有健康食品的光环效应，但它们与高血压和心血管疾病有关。它们确实含有一些矿物质和维生素，但它们与普通蔗糖并没有太大的区别。人工甜味剂曾经被推荐给试图减肥的人，但食用它们甚至可能会让我们吃得更多。故B项正确。 3．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，本段主要揭示了一个真相：无论食品尝起来是否有甜味，它们都有可能含有某种糖。由此可知，糖在我们的生活中无处不在。故C项正确。 4．A　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文先指出糖对健康的负面影响，然后揭示各类糖的替代品以及甜味剂同样有害健康，同时我们生活在一个糖无处不在的世界。由此可知，A项(有关糖的苦涩真相)为最佳标题。其中的bitter(苦的)一词与糖之“甜”形成鲜明的对比，堪称绝妙！ B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃蔬菜对心脏和整体健康都有好处，但是一项新的研究发现吃蔬菜不能降低患心脏病的风险，科学家对此有不同的看法。 5．C　推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段内容可推知，这项研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不降低心脏病风险，颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。 6．D　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Feng认为蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的保护效果可能是由于社会经济状况和生活方式差异引起的偏差。故选D。 7．A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Don't start celebrating yet，veggie haters.”和画线词所在句“Experts in the UK and United States quickly took__exception__to__the study's conclusion.”可推断出是英国和美国的专家提出了异议，所以took exception to意思是“提出反对意见”，和A选项Voice objections to同义，故选A。 8．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，Lichtenstein认为这项研究是片面的，因为它只关注单一食物或营养素，而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选B。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些健康饮食的技巧。 1．G　根据上文“Remove all distractions while you eat.”可知，本空承接上文说明这么做的原因。故G选项符合语境。 2．E　根据上文“Take enough time to finish your meal. Even with all distractions removed，very often you still find yourself eating faster than you should.”以及后文“It takes about that time for your body to get the signal to the brain that you are full.”可知，本空主要针对吃饭花费的时间提出建议。故E选项符合语境。 3．A　根据下文“You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich... Notice the smell，the taste and whatever other senses that arise as you eat.”可知，这里提到注意你吃东西时产生的气味、味道和其他感觉，即建议注意食物的细节。故A选项符合语境。 4．F　根据上文“Put a small amount of snack food，like potato chips，in a separate bowl to help avoid mindless munching.”可知，本空承接上文，说明这么做的原因。故F选项符合语境。 5．C　根据上文“And chewing is an important part of digestion.”可知，本空承接上文说明咀嚼的作用。故C选项符合语境。 Ⅲ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明安慰食品并没有什么神奇的特性，令人感到慰藉的可能是它们带来的和其他人的亲近感。 1. as　考查介词。固定表达“think of ...as ...”，意为“把……看作……”，故空处填as。 2．is　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知， 空前为主语从句，空处作主句的谓语。结合语境可知， 此处讲述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时；单个的从句作主语时谓语动词用单数，故空处填is。 3．are linked　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合上下文可知， 此处陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时；主语Thoughts与link之间是被动关系；主语为复数，故空处填are linked。 4．an　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处作Shira Gabriel的同位语，是对其身份的介绍，表泛指，且associate的发音以元音音素开头，故空处填an。 5．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示人的名词people，从句中缺少主语，故空处填who/that。 6．stressful　考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词occasions，需用形容词，此处意为“令人在情感上感到压力大的其他场景”，故空处填stressful。 7．evidently　考查副词。空处修饰动词，需用副词，故空处填evidently。 8．Eating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“________ (eat) so-called ‘junk food’”为非谓语动词短语作主语，且表示“吃所谓的垃圾食品”，位于句首，注意首字母大写，故空处填Eating。 9．brain's　考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰空后的名词短语“reward system”，且含所属关系，表示“大脑的”，故空处填brain's。 10．to arouse　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式作后置定语修饰ability，故空处填to arouse。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $