专题17 基本句型（专项训练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以五大基本句型为核心，通过基础-重难-真题三级演练，系统构建句型判定与翻译方法体系，强化语言理解与表达能力，培养结构化思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|20题（含2考向）|判定说明（五大句型）、翻译要求（通顺忠实）|从基本句型概念到简单句应用，夯实基础| |重难·创新演练|40题（含长难句判定/中译英）|长难句句型识别、中译英句型对应|从简单句到长难句结构分析，深化应用| |真题·实战演练|含10题句型判定+语篇分析+写作|真题句型判定、语篇句型理解|结合高考真题语篇，实现方法迁移与实战|

第17讲 基本句型 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 3 真题·实战演练 8 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：判定基本句型、简单翻译 考向01判定基本句型 第一部分：基本句型判定 判定说明：五大基本句型：S+V（主谓）、S+V+O（主谓宾）、S+V+P（主系表）、S+V+O1+O2（主谓双宾）、S+V+O+C（主谓宾补） 1. The baby is crying. 主干：The baby(S) + is crying(V) 句型：S+V 主谓 解析：cry 是不及物动词，无需接宾语，句子语义完整，状语可忽略，属于基础主谓结构。 2. I love reading in my free time. 主干：I(S) + love(V) + reading(O) 句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：love 为及物动词，动名词 reading 作宾语；in my free time 是时间状语，不影响句子主干句型。 3. The flower smells sweet. 主干：The flower(S) + smells(系动词V) + sweet(表语P) 句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：smell 为感官系动词，后接形容词作表语，用来描述主语的特征，无宾语。 4. He told us a funny story. 主干：He(S) + told(V) + us(间接宾语O1) + a funny story(直接宾语O2) 句型：S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾 解析：tell 为双宾动词，指向人 us（间接宾语），指向物 story（直接宾语），双宾语缺一不可。 5. The news made me happy. 主干：The news(S) + made(V) + me(O宾语) + happy(C宾补) 句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：只说“消息使我”句意不完整，happy 补充说明宾语 me 的状态，是必备宾语补足语。 6. Birds fly freely. 主干：Birds(S) + fly(V) 句型：S+V 主谓 解析：fly 不及物动词，无需宾语；freely 是方式状语，仅修饰动作，不改变主干句型。 7. We finish our tasks every day. 主干：We(S) + finish(V) + our tasks(O) 句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：finish 及物动词，必须接宾语；every day 为时间状语，属于修饰成分。 8. They are friendly and helpful. 主干：They(S) + are(系动词V) + friendly and helpful(表语P) 句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：be 系动词后接并列形容词，描述主语的性格特征，构成完整主系表结构。 9. My teacher gave me useful advice. 主干：My teacher(S) + gave(V) + me(间接宾语O1) + useful advice(直接宾语O2) 句型：S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾 解析：give sb. sth. 经典双宾语结构，人为间接宾语、事物为直接宾语。 10. The movie kept us excited. 主干：The movie(S) + kept(V) + us(O宾语) + excited(C宾补) 句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：excited 修饰宾语 us 的情绪状态，补充句意，是句子不可缺少的宾补成分。 考向02简单句翻译 翻译要求：语句通顺、忠于原句语义 1. Dreams give us power and courage. 参考答案：梦想给予我们力量与勇气。 2. Reading improves our personal quality. 参考答案：阅读能够提升我们的个人素养。 3. Kindness makes the world warmer. 参考答案：善良让世界变得更加温暖。 4. Every small effort matters. 参考答案：每一份微小的努力都意义非凡。 5. We should value our precious time. 参考答案：我们应当珍惜宝贵的时光。 6. Positive thoughts bring us hope. 参考答案：积极的心态能够带给我们希望。 7. Exercise keeps our bodies healthy. 参考答案：运动让我们的身体保持健康状态。 8. Honesty is a valuable quality. 参考答案：诚信是一种宝贵的品质。 9. Friends support us in hard times. 参考答案：朋友会在困境中支持我们。 10. Confidence helps us succeed. 参考答案：自信助力我们收获成功。 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 长难句中的句型判定和翻译 一、长难句句型判定。 五大基础句型回顾：S+V主谓、S+V+O主谓宾、S+V+P主系表、S+V+O1+O2主谓双宾、S+V+O+C主谓宾补 1. Students who keep working hard will finally achieve their lifelong dreams. 主干：Students(S) + will achieve(V) + their lifelong dreams(O) 核心句型：S+V+O 主谓宾（单句型） 句型结构：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 解析：who引导定语从句为修饰成分，剥离后主句为标准主谓宾结构，句意完整无缺失。 翻译：坚持努力的学生终将实现自己毕生的梦想。 2. The peaceful scenery makes people relaxed and reduces their life pressure. 主干1：The peaceful scenery(S) + makes(V) + people(O) + relaxed(C) 主干2：(The peaceful scenery)(S) + reduces(V) + their life pressure(O) 核心句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 + S+V+O 主谓宾（双句型嵌套） 句型结构：①主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 ②主语+及物动词+宾语 解析：and连接两套并列主干，前半句为宾补结构，后半句为基础主谓宾，是高考高频并列长难句。 翻译：静谧的风景能让人身心放松，也能缓解人们的生活压力。 3. What we learn in school is beneficial to our future development. 主干：What we learn in school(S 主语从句) + is(系V) + beneficial(P) 核心句型：S+V+P 主系表（单句型） 句型结构：主语（从句作主语）+ 系动词 + 表语 解析：主语从句整体充当句子主语，不改变主干主系表的核心句型结构。 翻译：我们在学校学到的知识，有益于我们的未来发展。 4. The voluntary activity offers teenagers precious experience and broadens their horizons. 主干1：The voluntary activity(S) + offers(V) + teenagers(O1) + precious experience(O2) 主干2：(The voluntary activity)(S) + broadens(V) + their horizons(O) 核心句型：S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾 + S+V+O 主谓宾（双句型嵌套） 句型结构：①主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 ②主语+及物动词+宾语 解析：and连接双主干，前半句offer为经典双宾动词，后半句为常规主谓宾结构。 翻译：志愿活动为青少年提供宝贵的阅历，同时开阔他们的眼界。 5. When facing difficulties, brave people always stick to their original goals. 主干：brave people(S) + stick to(V) + their original goals(O) 核心句型：S+V+O 主谓宾（单句型） 句型结构：主语 + 动词短语 + 宾语 解析：when分词结构为时间状语，属于修饰成分，主句主干为完整主谓宾结构。 翻译：面对困境时，勇敢的人始终坚守自己最初的目标。 6. The warm help from strangers makes our society more harmonious. 主干：The warm help(S) + makes(V) + our society(O) + more harmonious(C) 核心句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补（单句型） 句型结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 形容词宾补 解析：from strangers为后置定语修饰主语，more harmonious补充说明宾语状态，是必备宾补。 翻译：陌生人温暖的善意让我们的社会更加和谐美好。 7. Persistence enables us to overcome obstacles and achieves constant progress. 主干1：Persistence(S) + enables(V) + us(O) + to overcome obstacles(C) 主干2：(Persistence)(S) + achieves(V) + constant progress(O) 核心句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 + S+V+O 主谓宾（双句型嵌套） 句型结构：①主语+谓语+宾语+不定式宾补 ②主语+及物动词+宾语 解析：and并列双谓语结构，前半句含不定式宾补，后半句为基础主谓宾。 翻译：坚持能让我们克服重重阻碍，收获持续的进步。 8. The books stored in the library are useful for students' growth. 主干：The books(S) + are(系V) + useful(P) 核心句型：S+V+P 主系表（单句型） 句型结构：主语 + 系动词 + 形容词表语 解析：stored in the library为非谓语后置定语，修饰主语，主干为标准主系表结构。 翻译：馆藏的各类书籍对学生的成长大有裨益。 9. Teachers guide us to correct mistakes and teach us valuable life lessons. 主干1：Teachers(S) + guide(V) + us(O) + to correct mistakes(C) 主干2：(Teachers)(S) + teach(V) + us(O1) + valuable life lessons(O2) 核心句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 + S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾（双句型嵌套） 句型结构：①主语+谓语+宾语+不定式宾补 ②主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 解析：双谓语并列嵌套两种高频句型，是高考阅读、语法填空核心考点。 翻译：老师引导我们改正错误，同时传授给我们宝贵的人生经验。 10. The experience gained from practice improves our comprehensive ability greatly. 主干：The experience(S) + improves(V) + our comprehensive ability(O) 核心句型：S+V+O 主谓宾（单句型） 句型结构：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 解析：gained from practice为后置定语，greatly为状语，剥离修饰后主干清晰完整。 翻译：从实践中收获的阅历，能极大提升我们的综合能力。 二、中译英 简单句 汉译英 做题要求：根据中文写出标准英文简单句，严格对应五大基本句型 1. 阳光照耀大地。 标准答案：The sunshine shines on the earth. 句型：S+V 主谓 解析：shine 为不及物动词，句子只有主谓主干，on the earth 为地点状语，不影响句型。 2. 阅读拓宽我们的视野。 标准答案：Reading broadens our horizons. 句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：动名词 Reading 作主语，broaden 及物动词后接宾语，标准主谓宾结构。 3. 努力很有价值。 标准答案：Hard work is valuable. 句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：be 系动词连接主语和形容词表语，用来描述主语属性。 4. 生活赠予我们无数惊喜。 标准答案：Life offers us countless surprises. 句型：S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾 解析：offer sb. sth. 双宾结构，us 间接宾语，surprises 直接宾语。 5. 坚持让我们更加优秀。 标准答案：Persistence makes us better. 句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：better 形容词补充说明宾语 us 的状态，是句子必备宾补成分。 6. 鸟儿清晨歌唱。 标准答案：Birds sing in the morning. 句型：S+V 主谓 解析：sing 不及物动词，无需宾语，in the morning 仅作时间状语。 7. 奋斗成就更好的自己。 标准答案：Struggle creates a better self. 句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：create 及物动词，后接名词宾语，主干完整。 8. 善良十分温暖。 标准答案：Kindness is very warm. 句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：主系表结构，形容词 warm 作表语描述主语特征。 9. 老师教会我们做人的道理。 标准答案：Teachers teach us life principles. 句型：S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾 解析：teach 双宾动词，us 为人、principles 为事物，构成双宾结构。 10. 自信使我们不惧挑战。 标准答案：Confidence keeps us fearless of challenges. 句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：fearless of challenges 补充说明宾语 us 的状态，属于宾补结构。 长难句 汉译英 1. 那些始终坚持梦想的人，终会收获属于自己的成功。 标准答案：People who always stick to their dreams will gain their own success eventually. 主干句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：who引导定语从句修饰主语，剥离修饰后主句为标准主谓宾结构，高考高频定语从句长难句。 2. 阅读不仅丰富我们的知识，还能净化我们的心灵。 标准答案：Reading enriches our knowledge and purifies our minds. 主干句型：S+V+O + S+V+O 双主谓宾嵌套 解析：and连接两套并列主谓宾主干，同一主语共用，句式工整，适合写作。 3. 我们在生活中积累的经验，对个人成长至关重要。 标准答案：The experience we accumulate in life is vital to personal growth. 主干句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：省略引导词的定语从句修饰主语，主干为主系表结构，形容词作表语。 4. 真诚的交流能为人们搭建桥梁、带来温暖。 标准答案：Sincere communication builds bridges for people and brings them warmth. 主干句型：S+V+O + S+V+O1+O2 主谓宾+双宾嵌套 解析：前半句基础主谓宾，后半句bring sb. sth. 双宾结构，双句型并列嵌套。 5. 当我们面对困难时，积极的心态能帮助我们突破困境。 标准答案：When we face difficulties, a positive attitude helps us break through tough situations. 主干句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：when引导时间状语从句，主句help sb. do sth. 宾补结构，是高频考点。 6. 大自然馈赠的美好事物让我们的生活充满诗意。 标准答案：The beautiful things gifted by nature make our life full of poetry. 主干句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：gifted by nature 非谓语后置定语，make+宾语+形容词短语宾补，主干完整。 7. 持续的学习能够拓宽眼界，并提升我们的综合能力。 标准答案：Continuous learning broadens our horizons and improves our comprehensive abilities. 主干句型：S+V+O + S+V+O 双主谓宾嵌套 解析：单一主语并列双谓语，两套主谓宾结构嵌套，句式高级、适配写作。 8. 日常生活中养成的好习惯是我们一生的财富。 标准答案：Good habits formed in daily life are treasures for our whole life. 主干句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：formed in daily life 后置定语修饰主语，主干为经典主系表结构。 9. 善意的举动温暖人心，也教会我们珍惜生活。 标准答案：Kind acts warm people’s hearts and teach us to value life. 主干句型：S+V+O + S+V+O+C 主谓宾+宾补嵌套 解析：前半句基础主谓宾，后半句teach sb. to do 不定式宾补结构，双句型结合。 10. 敢于挑战自我的人，往往能收获意想不到的进步。 标准答案：People who dare to challenge themselves often gain unexpected progress. 主干句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：who引导定语从句修饰主语，剥离修饰后，主句为简洁标准的主谓宾长难句。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：理解长难句、写出正确句子 一、指出基本句型。 1.（2026北京卷 C篇）Smells are all around us 2.（2026北京卷 D卷）The 21st century has created a whole range of new types of professionals that we have never had before—or if not quite new, at least newly repackaged. 3.（2026全国I卷 C篇）Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. 4. （2026全国I卷 B篇）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. 5. （2026全国I卷 A篇）If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network. Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. 6. （2026全国II卷 A篇）Shanghai Taste offers arguably the best soup dumplings in the area. 7. （2026全国II卷 B篇）The house has signature Wright features. 8. （2026全国II卷 C篇）The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. 9. （2026全国II卷 D篇）Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. 10.（2025北京卷 完形）At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. 答案和解析 1.（2026北京卷 C篇）Smells are all around us. 主干：Smells (S) + are (系V) + all around us (P) 基本句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：are 为系动词，介词短语作表语，用于描述主语的存在状态；无宾语、无补语，是最基础的主系表简单句。 翻译：气味无处不在。 2.（2026北京卷 D篇）The 21st century has created a whole range of new types of professionals that we have never had before—or if not quite new, at least newly repackaged. 主句主干：The 21st century (S) + has created (V) + a whole range of new types of professionals (O) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：主句为标准主谓宾结构；that 引导定语从句修饰宾语 professionals，破折号后为补充状语，均为修饰成分，不改变主干句型。 翻译：21世纪催生了一大批前所未有的新型职业——即便并非全新职业，至少也是经过全新包装的职业。 3.（2026全国I卷 C篇）Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. 主干：Something (S) + could go (系V) + wrong (P) 基本句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：go 为变化类系动词，后接形容词 wrong 作表语；though、according to a new study 均为状语修饰，主干为主系表结构。 翻译：但一项新研究表明，有可能会出现差错。 4.（2026全国I卷 B篇）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. 主干：my fifth-grade son Kevin (S) + asked (V) + me (O) + about the meaning of a word in a novel (C) 基本句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：ask sb. about sth. 固定宾补结构，me 为宾语，介词短语补充说明提问的具体内容，缺一句意不完整，属于宾补而非双宾。 翻译：不久前，我上五年级的儿子凯文问我小说里一个单词的意思。 5.（2026全国I卷 A篇）If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network. Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. 句1主干：you (S) + will be turned around and redirected (V 被动) 句型1：S+V 主谓（被动无宾主谓结构） 句2主干：Each parking zone (S) + consists of (V) + multiple lots (O) 句型2：S+V+O 主谓宾 句3主干：(You 省略主语) + Make sure (V) + to download your parking pass (O) 句型3：S+V+O 主谓宾（祈使句） 解析：整段三句话，if引导条件状语从句为修饰；designed to... 为非谓语后置定语，均不影响主句核心句型。 翻译：如果你从错误入口进入，将会被引导折返、重新分流，所以请提前规划。每个停车区包含多个停车场，旨在高效管理场馆全域车流。请务必在抵达前将停车凭证下载到手机上。 6.（2026全国II卷 A篇）Shanghai Taste offers arguably the best soup dumplings in the area. 主干：Shanghai Taste (S) + offers (V) + the best soup dumplings (O) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：offer 此处为及物动词，直接接物品作宾语；arguably、in the area 为修饰状语和定语，主干为纯正主谓宾结构。 翻译：上海味道这家店可以说是这片区域汤包做得最好的。 7.（2026全国II卷 B篇）The house has signature Wright features. 主干：The house (S) + has (V) + signature Wright features (O) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：have 为及物实义动词，表“拥有”，后接名词宾语，并非系动词，主干为标准主谓宾。 翻译：这栋房子具备赖特建筑的标志性特征。 8.（2026全国II卷 C篇）The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. 主句主干：The idea (S) + has been (系V) + around (P) 基本句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：of... 后置定语、by now/for so long 状语、破折号后并列句均为修饰；be around 表“存在”，系表结构描述主语状态。 翻译：将海平面作为海拔参照点的这一概念，如今早已深入人心、几乎被人们忽略，我们提及它时甚至不会思考其真正含义。 9.（2026全国II卷 D篇）Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. 主干1：Regenerative brakes (S) + have been (系V) + in trains (P) 主干2：Regenerative brakes (S) + are used (V 被动) 基本句型：S+V+P 主系表 + S+V 主谓（双句型嵌套） 解析：and连接两套并列主干，前半句系表结构表存在状态，后半句被动主谓结构，无宾语。 翻译：再生制动系统已在火车上应用数十年，如今也被部分汽车采用。 10.（2025北京卷 完形）At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. 主干1：I (S) + excelled (V) 主干2：I (S) + felt (系V) + overshadowed and unnoticed (P) 基本句型：S+V 主谓 + S+V+P 主系表（双句型嵌套） 解析：yet 连接并列谓语，excel 为不及物动词（主谓）；feel 感官系动词，后接分词形容词作表语（主系表），是高考高频并列句型。 翻译：15岁时，我的学业成绩十分优异，却始终感觉黯淡无光、无人关注。 二、理解文章并判定每句包含的基本句型。 （2026 全国I卷 D篇）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. 参考答案： 一组剑桥大学心理学专家开展了一项实验，旨在对比单纯欣赏艺术品与主动评判艺术品美感两种方式对人的认知产生的不同影响。 在该项研究中，187名受试者受邀在一场手工黏土艺术品展览期间，到访凯特庭院美术馆参观。研究人员将受试者随机分为两组：“美感评判组”需要主动思考每一件展品的美感，并对其美观程度进行打分；而对照组仅需将展品的线条草图与实物作品进行匹配即可。随后，所有受试者都接受了测试，考察其信息处理方式偏向实用具象思维还是抽象思维。 整体测试结果显示，美感评判组的受试者抽象思维得分平均比对照组高出近14%。尽管受试者仅被告知本次研究围绕认知过程展开，但研究人员也询问了他们的兴趣爱好，约半数受试者表示自己有艺术相关爱好。在这类有艺术爱好的人群中，实验效果更为显著：美感评判组里有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维得分平均比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。 通用判定规则：只看主句主干，从句、非谓语、定语、状语、插入语全部剥离，判定5大基本句型： S+V主谓 / S+V+O主谓宾 / S+V+P主系表 / S+V+O1+O2双宾 / S+V+O+C宾补 Paragraph 1 原句1：A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. 主干：A team of Cambridge psychologists (S) + conducted (V) + an experiment (O) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：conduct 为及物动词，后接宾语；to compare... 不定式作目的状语，后面嵌套宾语从句，均为修饰成分，不改变主句主谓宾主干。 Paragraph 2 原句2：In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. 主干：187 people (S) + were invited (V 被动谓语) 基本句型：S+V 主谓（被动型） 解析：被动谓语无宾语；to visit... 不定式作主补，In the study / during... 均为状语，主干为完整主谓结构。 原句3：Participants were randomly divided into two groups. 主干：Participants (S) + were divided (V 被动谓语) 基本句型：S+V 主谓（被动型） 解析：被动结构，into two groups 为地点状语，无宾语无表语，纯主谓句型。 原句4：the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed. 主干：the “beauty” group (S) + was asked (V 被动) 基本句型：S+V 主谓（被动型） 解析：to consider and rate... 不定式作主补；they viewed 定语从句修饰 object，均为修饰，主干主谓完整。 原句5：while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. 主干：the control group (S) + matched (V) + a line drawing (O) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：match A with B 固定搭配，with the artwork itself 为方式状语，主干为主谓宾核心结构。 原句6：All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. 主干：All participants (S) + were tested (V 被动) 基本句型：S+V 主谓（被动型） 解析：on 后接两个宾语从句作补充说明，属于状语修饰，主句无宾语，主谓完整。 Paragraph 3 原句7：Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. 主干：those (S) + scored (V) 基本句型：S+V 主谓 解析：score 在此为不及物动词（得分），higher... 比较级作状语，无宾语，纯主谓结构。 原句8：While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests. 主句主干：participants (S) + were asked (V 被动) 主句句型：S+V 主谓 从句主干：they(S)+were told(V) 主谓；the study(S)+was(V)+about cognitive processes(P) 主系表 解析：while引导让步状语从句，主句为被动主谓结构，修饰成分不改变主干句型。 原句9：with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. 主干（伴随状语从句）：half (S) + saying (V) + they had an artistic hobby (O 宾语从句) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：with独立主格结构，内部嵌套主谓宾，从句内部：they(S)+had(V)+hobby(O)。 原句10：Among those, the effect was greater. 主干：the effect (S) + was (系V) + greater (P) 基本句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：be系动词后接形容词比较级作表语，描述主语特征，标准主系表简单句。 原句11：those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. 主干：those (S) + scored (V) 基本句型：S+V 主谓 解析：with... 后置定语修饰主语，higher...than... 比较状语，score不及物，主干纯主谓结构。 1. 出现最多：S+V主谓（被动句居多）、S+V+O主谓宾 2. 次高频：S+V+P主系表 3. 全文无：双宾、宾补句型 核心规律：高考阅读学术类文章，最爱考被动主谓、长修饰主谓宾、主系表状态描述。 三、写出正确的句子。 1.（2026 全国II卷 应用文）整理收录我们的英语作文，是一个很棒的想法。这本合集必将充分展示我们的英语学习成果。我有一个或许能提升合集整体质量的建议——为文章搭配相关图片。图片能够极大地增强文章的吸引力。例如，如果一篇作文讲述的是旅行经历，一张贴合文中景色的生动图片能够让文字内容鲜活立体，帮助读者更好地想象文中的场景、体会字里行间的情感。 参考答案： It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays. This compilation will surely be a wonderful showcase of our English learning achievements. I have a suggestion that might enhance the overall quality of this collection — adding relevant pictures. Pictures can play a vital role in making the essays more engaging. For example, if an essay is about a travel experience, a vivid picture of the described scenery can bring the story to life, helping readers better visualize the places and emotions. 分析句型： 1. It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays. 主干：It(S) + is(系V) + a great idea(P) 基本句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：It 为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式 to make...，主句核心为经典主系表结构，用来对事物进行评价描述。 2. This compilation will surely be a wonderful showcase of our English learning achievements. 主干：This compilation(S) + will be(系V) + a wonderful showcase(P) 基本句型：S+V+P 主系表 解析：surely 为状语，of our English learning achievements 为后置定语修饰表语，主干为主系表，说明主语的属性、用途。 3. I have a suggestion that might enhance the overall quality of this collection — adding relevant pictures. 主句主干：I(S) + have(V) + a suggestion(O) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：that 引导定语从句修饰 suggestion，破折号后为同位语补充说明，均为修饰成分，主句为标准主谓宾结构。 从句句型（that从句）：that(S) + might enhance(V) + the overall quality(O) （主谓宾） 4. Pictures can play a vital role in making the essays more engaging. 主干：Pictures(S) + can play(V) + a vital role(O) 基本句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：in making... 介词短语作后置定语，修饰宾语，主干结构完整，为基础主谓宾句型。 5. For example, if an essay is about a travel experience, a vivid picture of the described scenery can bring the story to life, helping readers better visualize the places and emotions. 主句主干：a vivid picture(S) + can bring(V) + the story(O) 主句句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 从句句型（if条件句）：an essay(S) + is(系V) + about a travel experience(P) （主系表） 解析：if引导主系表结构的条件状语从句；主句为主谓宾；末尾 helping... 非谓语作结果状语，属于修饰成分，不改变主干句型。 2.（2026 全国II卷 读后续写） 丹尼尔和雷切尔建议艾米丽继续乘火车前行。意识到他们的建议十分明智，艾米丽毫不犹豫地答应了。这对善良的夫妇立刻开车送她前往当地车站，还帮她买好了车票。裹着他们厚实的外套，艾米丽登上了火车，心中满是浓浓的感激之情。数个小时后，她终于抵达了多伦多。她走上站台，瞬间被男友紧紧拥入怀中。当她讲述完自己惊险的遭遇，以及陌生人暖心的救助经历后，喜悦与释然的泪水涌上眼眶。 参考答案： Daniel and Rachel suggested that Emily continue her journey by train. Realizing the wisdom in their advice, Emily agreed without hesitation. The kind couple immediately drove her to the local station and even helped her purchase a ticket. Wrapped in their thick coats, Emily boarded the train, her heart filled with immense gratitude. Hours later, she finally arrived in Toronto. Walking onto the platform, she was instantly enveloped in her boyfriend’s tight embrace, tears of joy and relief welling up in her eyes as she recounted her perilous adventure and the heartwarming rescue by strangers. 分析句型： 解题核心规则：只抓主句主干，非谓语、从句、状语、独立主格均为修饰，不改变基础句型 1. Daniel and Rachel suggested that Emily continue her journey by train. 主句主干：Daniel and Rachel (S) + suggested (V) + that从句 (O) 主句句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 宾语从句内部：Emily (S) + continue (V) + her journey (O) （主谓宾） 解析：that引导宾语从句作主句宾语；by train为方式状语，无句型影响。 2. Realizing the wisdom in their advice, Emily agreed without hesitation. 主干：Emily (S) + agreed (V) 句型：S+V 主谓 解析：agree为不及物动词；开头doing非谓语作原因状语，without hesitation作伴随状语，均为修饰。 3. The kind couple immediately drove her to the local station and even helped her purchase a ticket. 前半句主干：The kind couple (S) + drove (V) + her (O) + to the local station (C) 前半句句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 后半句主干：(The couple) (S) + helped (V) + her (O) + purchase a ticket (C) 后半句句型：S+V+O+C 主谓宾补 解析：and连接并列谓语；drive sb. to... / help sb. do... 均为高考高频宾补结构。 4. Wrapped in their thick coats, Emily boarded the train, her heart filled with immense gratitude. 主句主干：Emily (S) + boarded (V) + the train (O) 主句句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：Wrapped过去分词作状语；逗号后为独立主格（修饰成分），不参与主句句型判定。 5. Hours later, she finally arrived in Toronto. 主干：she (S) + arrived (V) 句型：S+V 主谓 解析：arrive不及物动词，in Toronto为地点状语，无宾语。 6. Walking onto the platform, she was instantly enveloped in her boyfriend’s tight embrace. 主干：she (S) + was enveloped (V 被动) 句型：S+V 主谓（被动结构） 解析：被动谓语无宾语；doing分词作时间状语，in...为状语修饰。 7. tears of joy and relief welling up in her eyes as she recounted her perilous adventure and the heartwarming rescue by strangers. 主句（独立主格）：tears (S) + welling up (V) as从句主干：she (S) + recounted (V) + adventure and rescue (O) 从句句型：S+V+O 主谓宾 解析：整体为伴随修饰结构；as引导时间状语从句，从句为标准主谓宾句型。 本段核心句型复盘：覆盖高考最高频：主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾补，嵌套宾语从句、状语从句、非谓语、独立主格，是完美的刷题范文段落。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第17讲 基本句型 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 2 真题·实战演练 3 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：判定基本句型、简单翻译 考向01判定基本句型 第一部分：基本句型判定 判定说明：五大基本句型：S+V（主谓）、S+V+O（主谓宾）、S+V+P（主系表）、S+V+O1+O2（主谓双宾）、S+V+O+C（主谓宾补） 1. The baby is crying. 2. I love reading in my free time. 3. The flower smells sweet. 4. He told us a funny story. 5. The news made me happy. 6. Birds fly freely. 7. We finish our tasks every day. 8. They are friendly and helpful. 9. My teacher gave me useful advice. 10. The movie kept us excited. 考向02简单句翻译 翻译要求：语句通顺、忠于原句语义 1. Dreams give us power and courage. 2. Reading improves our personal quality. 3. Kindness makes the world warmer. 4. Every small effort matters. 5. We should value our precious time. 6. Positive thoughts bring us hope. 7. Exercise keeps our bodies healthy. 8. Honesty is a valuable quality. 9. Friends support us in hard times. 10. Confidence helps us succeed. 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 长难句中的句型判定和翻译 一、长难句句型判定。 五大基础句型回顾：S+V主谓、S+V+O主谓宾、S+V+P主系表、S+V+O1+O2主谓双宾、S+V+O+C主谓宾补 1. Students who keep working hard will finally achieve their lifelong dreams. 2. The peaceful scenery makes people relaxed and reduces their life pressure. 3. What we learn in school is beneficial to our future development. 4. The voluntary activity offers teenagers precious experience and broadens their horizons. 5. When facing difficulties, brave people always stick to their original goals. 6. The warm help from strangers makes our society more harmonious. 7. Persistence enables us to overcome obstacles and achieves constant progress. 8. The books stored in the library are useful for students' growth. 9. Teachers guide us to correct mistakes and teach us valuable life lessons. 10. The experience gained from practice improves our comprehensive ability greatly. 二、中译英 简单句 汉译英 做题要求：根据中文写出标准英文简单句，严格对应五大基本句型 1. 阳光照耀大地。 2. 阅读拓宽我们的视野。 3. 努力很有价值。 4. 生活赠予我们无数惊喜。 5. 坚持让我们更加优秀。 6. 鸟儿清晨歌唱。 7. 奋斗成就更好的自己。 8. 善良十分温暖。 9. 老师教会我们做人的道理。 10. 自信使我们不惧挑战。 长难句 汉译英 1. 那些始终坚持梦想的人，终会收获属于自己的成功。 2. 阅读不仅丰富我们的知识，还能净化我们的心灵。 3. 我们在生活中积累的经验，对个人成长至关重要。 4. 真诚的交流能为人们搭建桥梁、带来温暖。 5. 当我们面对困难时，积极的心态能帮助我们突破困境。 6. 大自然馈赠的美好事物让我们的生活充满诗意。 7. 持续的学习能够拓宽眼界，并提升我们的综合能力。 8. 日常生活中养成的好习惯是我们一生的财富。 9. 善意的举动温暖人心，也教会我们珍惜生活。 10. 敢于挑战自我的人，往往能收获意想不到的进步。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：理解长难句、写出正确句子 一、指出基本句型。 1.（2026北京卷 C篇）Smells are all around us 2.（2026北京卷 D卷）The 21st century has created a whole range of new types of professionals that we have never had before—or if not quite new, at least newly repackaged. 3.（2026全国I卷 C篇）Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. 4. （2026全国I卷 B篇）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. 5. （2026全国I卷 A篇）If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network. Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. 6. （2026全国II卷 A篇）Shanghai Taste offers arguably the best soup dumplings in the area. 7. （2026全国II卷 B篇）The house has signature Wright features. 8. （2026全国II卷 C篇）The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. 9. （2026全国II卷 D篇）Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. 10.（2025北京卷 完形）At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. 二、理解文章并判定每句包含的基本句型。 （2026 全国I卷 D篇）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. 三、写出正确的句子。 1.（2026 全国II卷 应用文）整理收录我们的英语作文，是一个很棒的想法。这本合集必将充分展示我们的英语学习成果。我有一个或许能提升合集整体质量的建议——为文章搭配相关图片。图片能够极大地增强文章的吸引力。例如，如果一篇作文讲述的是旅行经历，一张贴合文中景色的生动图片能够让文字内容鲜活立体，帮助读者更好地想象文中的场景、体会字里行间的情感。 2.（2026 全国II卷 读后续写） 丹尼尔和雷切尔建议艾米丽继续乘火车前行。意识到他们的建议十分明智，艾米丽毫不犹豫地答应了。这对善良的夫妇立刻开车送她前往当地车站，还帮她买好了车票。裹着他们厚实的外套，艾米丽登上了火车，心中满是浓浓的感激之情。数个小时后，她终于抵达了多伦多。她走上站台，瞬间被男友紧紧拥入怀中。当她讲述完自己惊险的遭遇，以及陌生人暖心的救助经历后，喜悦与释然的泪水涌上眼眶。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $