进阶练01 句子成分与句子类型（四题型，100题）练习 备战2026届上海高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 进阶练01 句子成分与句子类型（四题型，100题） 说明：此专题分四种题型，难度依次递升，大家根据实际情况选择进行专项训练！ 一、基本句型结构判断（每小题1分，满分20分） 判断下列句子的基本句型结构（从 SV、SVO、SVP、SVOO、SVOC、SVA、SVOA、存现句中选择），并写出结构缩写。 1.The moon shines brightly at night. 【答案】SVA 【解析】主语为 “The moon”，谓语为不及物动词 “shines”，“brightly at night” 为方式 + 时间状语，符合 “主语 + 谓语 + 状语” 结构，故为 SVA。 2.My mother cooked me a delicious meal. 【答案】SVOO 【解析】主语为 “My mother”，谓语为 “cooked”，“me” 为间接宾语（指人），“a delicious meal” 为直接宾语（指物），符合 “主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语” 结构，故为 SVOO。 3.The little girl looks happy today. 【答案】SVP 【解析】主语为 “The little girl”，系动词为 “looks”，“happy” 为表语说明主语状态，符合 “主语 + 系动词 + 表语” 结构，故为 SVP。 4.We planted many trees in the garden. 【答案】SVOA 【解析】主语为 “We”，谓语为及物动词 “planted”，“many trees” 为宾语，“in the garden” 为地点状语，符合 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语” 结构，故为 SVOA。 5.Time passes quickly. 【答案】SV 【解析】主语为 “Time”，谓语为不及物动词 “passes”，无需宾语即可表达完整意义，符合 “主语 + 谓语” 结构，故为 SV。 6.I found the story very moving. 【答案】SVOC 【解析】主语为 “I”，谓语为 “found”，“the story” 为宾语，“very moving” 为宾语补足语（补充说明宾语特征），符合 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构，故为 SVOC。 7.There lies a small lake in the valley. 【答案】存现句 【解析】以 “there” 为引导词，谓语 “lies” 与主语 “a small lake” 保持一致，符合 “there + 不及物动词 + 主语” 的存现句结构，故为存现句。 8.She gave her friend a nice present. 【答案】SVOO 【解析】主语为 “She”，谓语为 “gave”，“her friend” 为间接宾语，“a nice present” 为直接宾语，可转换为 “She gave a nice present to her friend”，符合 SVOO 结构，故为 SVOO。 9.The children are playing games. 【答案】SVO 【解析】主语为 “The children”，谓语为及物动词短语 “are playing”，“games” 为宾语，符合 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语” 结构，故为 SVO。 10.He ran fast to catch the bus. 【答案】SVA 【解析】主语为 “He”，谓语为不及物动词 “ran”，“fast” 为方式状语，“to catch the bus” 为目的状语，符合 “主语 + 谓语 + 状语” 结构，故为 SVA。 11.The milk turned sour in the heat. 【答案】SVP 【解析】主语为 “The milk”，系动词为 “turned”，“sour” 为表语说明主语变化后的状态，符合 SVP 结构，故为 SVP。 12.They elected Tom monitor of the class. 【答案】SVOC 【解析】主语为 “They”，谓语为 “elected”，“Tom” 为宾语，“monitor of the class” 为宾语补足语（与宾语存在逻辑主表关系），符合 SVOC 结构，故为 SVOC。 13.A strong wind is blowing outside. 【答案】SV 【解析】主语为 “A strong wind”，谓语为不及物动词 “is blowing”，“outside” 为地点状语（非必需成分，句子核心为 “风在吹”），核心结构为 SV，故为 SV。 14.My teacher told us a funny story yesterday. 【答案】SVOO 【解析】主语为 “My teacher”，谓语为 “told”，“us” 为间接宾语，“a funny story” 为直接宾语，“yesterday” 为时间状语（非核心结构成分），核心结构为 SVOO，故为 SVOO。 15.There are three books on the desk. 【答案】存现句 【解析】以 “there” 为引导词，谓语 “are” 与就近主语 “three books” 保持复数一致，符合 “there+be + 主语” 的存现句结构，故为存现句。 16.She placed the flowers in a beautiful vase. 【答案】SVOA 【解析】主语为 “She”，谓语为及物动词 “placed”，“the flowers” 为宾语，“in a beautiful vase” 为地点状语，符合 SVOA 结构，故为 SVOA。 17.The old man seems tired after walking. 【答案】SVP 【解析】主语为 “The old man”，系动词为 “seems”，“tired” 为表语，“after walking” 为时间状语（非核心成分），核心结构为 SVP，故为 SVP。 18.We heard her singing in the next room. 【答案】SVOC 【解析】主语为 “We”，谓语为 “heard”，“her” 为宾语，“singing in the next room” 为宾语补足语（补充说明宾语动作），符合 SVOC 结构，故为 SVOC。 19.Birds fly south in winter. 【答案】SVA 【解析】主语为 “Birds”，谓语为不及物动词 “fly”，“south” 为方向状语，“in winter” 为时间状语，符合 SVA 结构，故为 SVA。 20.I bought a new laptop last week. 【答案】SVO 【解析】主语为 “I”，谓语为及物动词 “bought”，“a new laptop” 为宾语，“last week” 为时间状语（非核心成分），核心结构为 SVO，故为 SVO。 二、语法填空，每小题1分，满分30分 21．The first engine designed by steam was invented by James Watt, an (invent) and engineer. 【答案】inventor 【详解】考查名词。句意：第一台蒸汽机是由James Watt发明的，他是一位发明家兼工程师。空处与engineer并列，用名词inventor“发明家”，根据an可知，用单数形式，作James Watt的同位语。故填inventor。 22．Due carelessness, your mistakes may have serious results. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：由于粗心大意，你的错误可能会造成严重的后果。due to由于，介词短语后接名词或名词词组，作原因状语，符合题意。故填to。 23．Two experts from Sotheby's confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it ________ person. 【答案】in 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：两位苏士比拍卖行专家表示，当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时，他们确信这件文物可追溯到15世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配in person，表示“亲自”的意思，符合句意。故填in。 24．After he greeted his friend, they (begin) to talk. 【答案】began 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：他和他的朋友打过招呼后，他们就开始交谈。after引导的时间状语从句中的动词时态为一般过去时，根据句意，陈述过去的动作用一般过去时，故填began。 25．Now it is home to (approximate) 300 folk houses,20 temples and ancestral halls, and 10 opera stages. 【答案】approximately 【详解】考查副词。句意：现在这里有大约300座民宅，20座寺庙和祠堂，以及10个戏台。设空处修饰后面的数词作状语，应用副词形式，表示“大约”，故填approximately。 26．It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is (respective) 65% and 50%. 【答案】respectively 【详解】考查副词。句意：可以看出，选择听英文歌曲和看英文电影的学生比例分别是65%和50%。本空修饰后面的数值65% and 50%，作状语，用副词respectively“分别地”。故填respectively。 27． (Renewable energy) sources like hydropower have minimal environmental impact. 【答案】Renewable energy 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：水力发电等可再生能源对环境的影响最小。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词“sources”；renewable energy为名词短语，表示“可再生能源”，renewable energy sources意为“可再生能源”，符合句子和句意；句首字母大写。故填Renewable energy。 28．James, a famous natural (explore), has spent years traveling through the desert, devoting himself to discovering ancient ruins and hidden treasures. 【答案】explorer 【详解】考查名词。句意：詹姆斯是一位著名的自然探险家，多年来一直在沙漠中旅行，致力于发现古代遗迹和隐藏的宝藏。空处用名词作James的同位语，根据“spent years traveling through the desert”可知，人物名词explorer“探险者”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填explorer。 29．I am following in the footsteps of Xu Xiake, the famous Chinese travel writer and (geography). 【答案】geographer 【详解】考查名词。句意：我正在追随徐霞客的脚步，他是中国著名的旅行作家和地理学家。根据空前的and可知，空处与travel writer为并列关系，表示职业，应用名词形式，所给词geography对应的表示人的名词为geographer“地理学家”，此处指徐霞客一个人，应用单数形式。故填geographer。 30．Braathen remains fascinated by the field of modern and contemporary art history, (especial) The Spiritual in Art. 【答案】especially 【详解】考查副词。句意：布拉森依旧痴迷于现代与当代艺术史领域，尤其是《艺术中的精神》。需用副词对“现代与当代艺术史领域”进一步举例强调，especially符合语境。故填especially。 31．Mount Huangshan, a well-known tourist (attract) , is located in the south of Anhui Province. 【答案】attraction 【详解】考查名词。句意：黄山，一个著名的旅游景点，位于安徽省南部。tourist attraction即“旅游景点”，作同位语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填attraction。 32．You cannot see her on Sundays when she is (most) out. 【答案】mostly 【详解】考查副词。句意：星期天你见不到她，因为她多半出去了。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词作状语，再结合句意“多半，主要地”是mostly。故填mostly。 33．He’ll arrive in (approximate) 20 minutes. 【答案】approximately 【详解】考查副词。句意：他大约会在20分钟后到达。修饰后文20 minutes用副词approximately，作状语，故填approximately。 34． (owe) to the sudden shower, the baseball game was interrupted. 【答案】Owing 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：由于突然下了阵雨，棒球比赛中断了。owing to“由于”，固定短语，作状语，首字母应大写，故填Owing。 35．—May I ask for leave tomorrow? —No，you can’t. applying for the scholarship must be present. 【答案】Anyone 【详解】句意：任何一名申请奖学金的人必须在场。结合句意可知答案为Anyone。 36．Paulson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt (I),＂says Paulson. 【答案】myself 【详解】考查代词。句意：保尔森大声尖叫，以至于她的女儿从房子里跑了出来。“她以为我弄伤了自己。”保尔森说。分析句子可知宾语从句的主语为I，空处位于动词hurt之后，为宾语，根据语境可知这里指她以为“我”弄伤了我自己，所以应用反身代词作宾语，故填myself。 37．Student performance will be judged the basis of degree examination results, theses and continuous assessment, following current university regulations. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：根据学校现行规定，以学位考试成绩、论文和连续考核为依据对学生的表现进行评定。on the basis of意为“根据”，为固定搭配。此处用介词短语作状语。故填on。 38．He made an （announce）that the president would come to our city. 【答案】announcement 【详解】考查名词。句意：他宣布总统将来到我们的城市 。分析句子及语意，可知设空处应填名词作宾语。固定短语make an announcement意为宣布，宣告。故填announcement。 39．A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is （I）”. 【答案】me /mine 【详解】考查代词。句意：公车上的一位女士喊道：“哦，天哪，是我的包（是我丢的包）。”从语境以及It is判断此处是做表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，可以用代词me或者名词性物主代词mine。填me/mine。 40．Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm (you) down. 【答案】yourself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：不要喝酒或吸毒来让自己平静下来。此处为祈使句，省略了主语you，短语calm...down，意为“使……冷静下来”，后接宾语，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语用反身代词。故填yourself。 41．It is always the case that the police conducted an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who (commit) the offence. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查时态。句意：通常情况下，警察会进行调查，查看可能表明是谁作案了的证据。题干中名词evidence为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，故从句中的谓语动词suggest，意为“暗示，表明”之意，后接宾语从句，宾语从句不能使用虚拟语气，根据句意，陈述过去发生的动作，谓语动词用一般过去时，故填committed。 42．They (emphasis) that they have been kept busy their study and have no time to spare for the outdoor activities. 【答案】 emphasize/emphasise with 【详解】考查动词、时态，介词。句意：他们强调他们一直忙于学习，没有时间参加户外活动。第一空为谓语动词，陈述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时，主语为They，谓语动词用动词原形，emphasis的动词为emphasize/emphasise，意为“强调”。第二空考查动词短语keep sb busy with sth，意为“使某人忙于……”，busy后接介词with，为固定搭配，第二空应填with。故填：①emphasize/emphasise；②with。 43．It is no trouble at all; the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这一点也不麻烦；恰恰相反，能帮助你将是一件非常高兴的事。此处考查介词短语on the contrary，为固定搭配，意为“正相反”，作状语，设空处应填介词on。故填on。 44．Apple fans are (queue) outside the store to buy the new Apple iPhone 6 which will be on sale tomorrow. 【答案】queuing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：苹果粉们在店外排队购买明天即将发售的新款苹果iPhone 6。queue意为“排队（等候）”，根据后半句的定语从句which will be on sale tomorrow可知，苹果粉们今天就在排队了，根据空前的are，本句的谓语用现在进行时，设空处应用现在分词queuing。故填queuing。 45．Her questions about my private life me.(embarrass) 【答案】 embarrassing embarrassed 【详解】考查形容词、动词。句意：她关于我私生活的尴尬问题使我很难堪。第一空修饰名词questions，应用形容词，修饰物，用embarrassing，意为“使人尴尬的，使人难堪的”，作前置定语；第二空为谓语动词，陈述过去的事，用一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式embarrassed。故填：①embarrassing；②embarrassed。 46．John Olson, a former (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 【答案】photographer 【详解】考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。根据句意可知，此处表示“摄影师”，应用名词photographer，不定冠词a后应用单数形式，作同位语。故填photographer。 47． (conclude), despite the challenges, we should be optimistic about the future. 【答案】To conclude 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：总结来说，尽管存在挑战，我们应对未来保持乐观。根据句意及所给提示词可知，空处需引导总结性陈述，应用固定短语to conclude“总之，综上所述，最后”，句首单词首字母大写。故填To conclude。 48．1 want to know your thought side you’re going to be on. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我想知道你的想法——你打算站在谁的一边。此处为连接词引导的同位语从句，作thought的同位语，对其内容进行解释说明，在从句中，side前缺少限定词，表示“谁的”，因此需用连接代词whose。故填whose。 49．The other Chinese idiom involving “a thousand miles” is a famous quotation from Lao Tzu, a top ancient Chinese philosopher, author of Daodejing, or the Tao Te Ch-ing, and (found) of Taoism, who lived during the later years of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). 【答案】founder 【详解】考查名词。句意：另一个与“千里”有关的成语是老子的名言。老子是中国古代著名哲学家，著有《道德经》，是道教的创始人，他生活在春秋末期（公元前770—476年）。根据句意可知，此处应该填found的名词形式founder， 意为“创办者”，指老子，应用名词单数形式。故填founder。 50．We with academic stress now.(burden) 【答案】are burdened 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们现在的学业压力很大。be burdened with表示“负重担”，now提示用一般现在时，故填are burdened。 三、翻译，每小题1分，满分30分 51．面对困境，他决心努力学习并克服这些文化差异。(face) (汉译英） 【答案】Facing the difficult situations, he was determined to work hard and overcome these cultural differences. 【详解】考查句子结构。主语为“他”，译为he；谓语为“决心”，可用短语be determined to do；宾语为“努力学习并克服这些文化差异”，可译为work hard and overcome these cultural differences；状语为“面对困境”，根据提示词，可用非谓语作状语，动词face与主语he之间是主谓关系，因而用现在分词形式，译为facing the difficult situations，放于句首。根据句意用一般过去时，故本句可译为Facing the difficult situations, he was determined to work hard and overcome these cultural differences. 52．这部纪录片刻画了一位饱经风霜的老人及其令人饮佩的爱国情怀。（feature）（汉译英） 【答案】The documentary featured an old weather-beaten man and his admirable patriotism. 【详解】考查句子结构。这是一个简单句。“这部纪录片”是主语表述为The documentary，谓语“刻画了”用所给提示词feature，由句意可知用一般过去时，表述为featured，“一位饱经风霜的老人及其令人饮佩的爱国情怀”是宾语，表述为an old weather-beaten man and his admirable patriotism。故整句可译为The documentary featured an old weather-beaten man and his admirable patriotism。 53．多亏了人工智能，残疾人可以足不出户，享受生活的极致便利。（Thanks to）（汉译英） 【答案】Thanks to the Artificial Intelligence, the disabled can enjoy the superb convenience of life without having to step outside. 【详解】考查句子结构和固定短语。根所给出的汉语句子分析可知，“多亏了人工智能”为原因状语，用短语“thanks to”表达，“人工智能”用名词短语“the Artificial Intelligence”表达，即“thanks to the Artificial Intelligence”。“残疾人”为主语，用短语“the disabled”表达；“能享受”为谓语，用“can enjoy”表达；宾语“生活的极致便利”用短语“the superb convenience of life”表达；“足不出户”为条件状语，用介词短语“without having to step outside”表达。故翻译为：Thanks to the Artificial Intelligence, the disabled can enjoy the superb convenience of life without having to step outside. 54．除了污染和交通堵塞，人口过多也是发展中国家面临的一个重要问题。(addition) （汉译英） 【答案】In addition to pollution and traffic jams, overpopulation is also an important issue in developing countries. 【详解】考查时态和介词短语。本句在陈述事实，所以为一般现在时，句子为主系表状结构。“人口过多”为 overpopulation，is为系动词， “一个重要问题”为an important issue，作表语。“在发展中国家”为in developing countries，作状语。“除了污染和交通堵塞”为in addition to pollution and traffic jams，作状语。故翻译为：In addition to pollution and traffic jams, overpopulation is also an important issue in developing countries. 55．你看上去有点心力交瘁，你是否想在放学后和我聊一聊近期的烦心事呢? (stress) (汉译英) 【答案】You look a little stressed. Would you like to talk with me about your recent troubles after school? 【详解】考查形容词和基本句型。分析所给中文句子，“你看上去有点心力交瘁”用主系表结构。描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，“心力交瘁”根据题干要求，可用stressed，译为“You look a little stressed.”，“你是否想在放学后和我聊一聊近期的烦心事呢?”可用would you like疑问句表语气委婉，“与……聊天”表达为talk with sb.，“最近的烦心事”表达为recent troubles，故本句译为“Would you like to talk with me about your recent troubles after school?”。故译为：You look a little stressed. Would you like to talk with me about your recent troubles after school? 56．研究表明投资这个软件公司是不值得的。(worthwhile) 【答案】Studies indicated(showed) that investing in the software company isn’t worthwhile. 【详解】考查句子结构、时态以及从句。“研究表明”可译为Studies indicated(showed)，陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时，后接that引导的宾语从句。从句为主系表结构。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“投资这个软件公司”可译为 investing in the software company ，“值得的”为worthwhile作表语。故译为Studies indicated(showed) that investing in the software company isn’t worthwhile。 57．尽管快餐深受大家喜爱，高盐高脂肪的不健康食物会对人的健康产生负面影响（effect）（汉译英） 【答案】Although fast food is popular, unhealthy food high in salt and fat can have a negative impact on one's health 【详解】考查状语从句，时态和动词短语。根据句意并分析句子可知，包含一个although“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，句子时态为一般现在时，从句是主系表结构，主语是fast food“快餐”，系动词用is，popular“受欢迎的”作表语，主句主语unhealthy food“不健康的食物”，high in salt and fat“高盐高脂肪”，作后置定语修饰主语，谓语动词have a negative impact on“对……产生负面影响”，one's health“某人的健康”，can“可能”，故译为Although            fast food is popular, unhealthy food high in salt and fat can have a negative impact on one's health。 58．长远来看, 不光饮食的失衡和锻炼投入的不足，就连经常的熬夜，也是肥胖的罪魁祸首。（not only）(汉译英） 【答案】In the long run/term, not only an unbalanced diet and a lack of commitment to physical exercise but also staying up late on a regular basis is a main contributor to obesity. 【详解】考查句子结构和固定句型。由句意可知，该句要表达“……是罪魁祸首”，属于主系表结构，其中两部分主语要用not only...but also连接表示“不仅……而且”。“长远来看”是状语部分，可译为in the long run/term；第一部分主语“饮食的失衡和锻炼得到不足”是两个名词词组用and连接，“饮食的失衡”可译为an unbalanced diet，“……的不足”可用lack的短语a lack of，“对……的投入”可译为commitment to sth.；另一部分主语“经常的熬夜”可用动名词staying up late搭配副词regularly或介词短语on a regular basis；表语部分“肥胖的罪魁祸首”可用短语a main contributor to obesity。故翻译为In the long run/term, not only an unbalanced diet and a lack of commitment to physical exercise but also staying up late on a regular basis is a main contributor to obesity. 59．无论如何要重视词汇在语境中的含义。（means）(汉译英） 【答案】We should value the meaning of words in contexts by all means. 【详解】考查情态动词和主谓宾状句型。主语是we，谓语是情态动词加动词原形should value，宾语是the meaning of words，介词短语in contexts做状语，无论如何用by all means表示。故翻译为We should value the meaning of words in contexts by all means. 60．毫无疑问科技将会使世界变得更美好。(no doubt) (汉译英) 【答案】There is no doubt that technology will make the world a better place. 【详解】考查时态和固定句式。表示“毫无疑问……”用固定句式There is no doubt that…，其中主句用一般现在时，从句用一般将来时，主语technology，“谓语+宾语+宾补”用make the world a better place，故翻译为：There is no doubt that technology will make the world a better place. 61．到附近一个教堂去的唯一通道是通过那条小径。（access）（汉译英） 【答案】The only access to the nearby church is through that path. 【详解】考查句子结构，名词短语和介词短语。根据所给出的汉语句子分析可知，句子结构为主系表结构。其中，主语为“到附近一个教堂去的唯一通道”用名词短语“the only access to the nearby church”表示；系动词“是”用“be”表示，结合语境时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，应是“is”；表语“通过那条小径”用介词短语“through that path”表示。故翻译为：The only access to the nearby church is through that path. 62．人类有责任把美好的环境世代相传。（responsible）(汉译英) 【答案】Human beings are responsible for passing on the beautiful environment from generation to generation. 【详解】考查名词短语，动词短语，介词短语和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，为主系表结构。“人类”表达为human beings，作主语；“有责任做某事”表达为be responsible for doing sth，主语为复数，系动词用are；“把……世代相传”表达为pass on sth from generation to generation。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Human beings are responsible for passing on the beautiful environment from generation to generation. 63．众所周知，报纸、杂志，电视仍然是公众获取信息的有效媒体。(It…that…) （汉译英） 【答案】It is well-known that newspapers, magazines and TV remain effective media for the general public to get/obtain information. 【详解】考查时态和固定句式。根据要求和句意，用固定句型it is well-known that...，众所周知……，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；that从句是主系表结构，主语newspapers, magazines and TV，remain 作系动词，表语 effective media，后接不定式的复合结构for the general public to get/obtain information，故翻译为：It is well-known that newspapers, magazines and TV remain effective media for the general public to get/obtain information. 【点睛】 64．热心的志愿者们经常给偏远山区的孩子们提供玩具、足球或篮球，希望给他们的童年增添一些乐趣。（hope）（汉译英） 【答案】The warm-hearted volunteers often provide children in remote mountain areas with toys, footballs or basketballs, hoping to add / in hope of adding some fun to their childhood. 【详解】考查句子结构，状语。分析可知，本句表示习惯性、经常的动作，用一般现在时。表示主语“热心的志愿者们”为the warm-hearted volunteers，合成形容词warm-hearted修饰名词volunteers作定语；主语为复数，表示谓语“提供”用动词原形provide，由频率副词often修饰；表示宾语“偏远山区的孩子们”为children in remote mountain areas，介词短语in remote mountain areas作后置定语修饰名词children，零冠词可数名词复数children表泛指；表示“给偏远山区的孩子们提供玩具、足球或篮球”为provide children in remote mountain areas with toys, footballs or basketballs，provide sb with sth“为某人提供某物”是固定搭配；表示“希望给他们的童年增添一些乐趣”可用现在分词短语hoping to add some fun to their childhood作状语，动词hope和主语之间是主动关系；或用介词短语in hope of adding some fun to their childhood作状语，介词of后用动名词作宾语。故可翻译为The warm-hearted volunteers often provide children in remote mountain areas with toys, footballs or basketballs, hoping to add / in hope of adding some fun to their childhood. 65．他们正面临这样的事实：没有人能免于处罚。（spare） 【答案】They are faced with the fact that no one can be spared from punishment. 【详解】考查短语、时态和同位语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主句为主谓宾结构，主语They ，谓语 be faced with（面临），宾语 the fact，后接that引导的同位语从句（从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用），从句也为主谓宾结构，主语no one，谓语can be spared from （能够免于），宾语 punishment，故翻译为：They are faced with the fact that no one can be spared from punishment.。 66．新的智能门锁正在展厅里展示。(new) （汉译英） 【答案】A new intelligent door-lock is on display in the exhibition hall. 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和短语。句子主语“新的智能门锁”可用名词短语an new intelligent door-lock，泛指“一种新型的智能门锁”；分析可知，本句描述现在状态，用一般现在时，因主语用单数表达，表示“在展示”可用系动词is加介词短语on display作表语；表示“在展厅”为介词短语in the exhibition hall作地点状语。句首字母大写，故可翻译为A new intelligent door-lock is on display in the exhibition hall. 67．带着勇气、智力与恒心，人类必将在不久的将来经受病毒的攻击得以幸存。（arm）（汉译英） 【答案】Armed with courage, intelligence and perseverance, mankind will inevitably survive the virus attack in the near future. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。分析所给中文翻译“人类必将在不久的将来经受病毒的攻击得以幸存”应为句子主干，其中主语是“人类”应译为mankind，“必将幸存”作谓语，应译为inevitably survive，根据“在不久的将来”可知，时态需用一般将来时，“在不久的将来”作状语，应译为in the near future，“经受病毒的攻击”作宾语，译为the virus attack，所以主句应翻译为mankind will inevitably survive the virus attack in the near future，再结合所给英文提示词arm可知，使用固定短语be armed with（装备有），此处为非谓语形式，省略be用过去分词作状语，所以“带着勇气、智力与恒心”应翻译为Armed with courage, intelligence and perseverance。所以全句翻译为：Armed with courage, intelligence and perseverance, mankind will inevitably survive the virus attack in the near future. 68．我代表我的同事及我自己向您表示谢意。(汉译英) 【答案】On behalf of my colleagues and myself, I would like to thank you. 【详解】考查介词短语和名词。表示“代表”应用介词短语on behalf of；表示“同事”应用名词colleague，此处应用名词复数形式。表示“我的同时及我自己”用my colleagues and myself；表示“向……表示谢意”用thank you；分析句子结构可知，本句的时态为一般将来时，故翻译为：On behalf of my colleagues and myself, I would like to thank you. 69．从长远来看, 这个药可被证明行之有效，且无严重的副作用。（prove）（汉译英） 【答案】In the long run, the drug can prove effective without serious side effects. 【详解】考查介词短语、系动词、名词和形容词。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“从长远来看”应为介词短语In the long run；表示“药”为名词the drug；表示“可被证明”为情态动词can+系动词 prove；表示“有效果的”为形容词effective；表示“没有”为介词without；表示“严重的”为形容词serious；表示“副作用”为名词side effects。故翻译为：In the long run, the drug can prove effective without serious side effects。 70．新的学校就是一个新的社会，在那里你将遇到很多真诚的朋友和敬业的老师。(where)(汉译英) 【答案】The new school is a new society, where you will meet many sincere friends and dedicated teachers. 【详解】考查时态、句子结构、定语从句和形容词。本句表示一般性行为，所以时态用一般现在时。表示“新的学校就是一个新的社会”用主系表结构，可以翻译为The new school is a new society；表示“在那里你将遇到很多真诚的朋友和敬业的老师”可以用where引导的非限制性定语从句，where指代先行词society，在从句中作状语，表示“你将遇到”用一般将来时，翻译为you will meet；表示“很多真诚的朋友和敬业的老师”用many sincere friends and dedicated teachers，作meet的宾语，结合汉语，故翻译为：The new school is a new society, where you will meet many sincere friends and dedicated teachers. 71．那位曾被老师点亮童年的男孩，如今自己也成了老师。(whose) （汉译英） 【答案】The boy whose childhood was lit up by the teacher is now a teacher himself. 【详解】考查定语从句，时态语态和短语。表示“那位男孩”用the boy；表示“童年”用childhood；表示“点亮”用固定短语light up，表示“曾被老师点亮”用被动语态，且用一般过去时，即was lit up by the teacher；本处用whose 引导定语从句来表示“那位曾被老师点亮童年的男孩”即the boy whose childhood was lit up by the teacher；表示“如今”用now；表示“某人自己也成为老师”用主系表结构的句子，且由now可知主句用一般现在时，即sb. is now a teacher himself ；句首单词首字母用大写；故填The boy whose childhood was lit up by the teacher is now a teacher himself. 72．迈克找到了一份富有挑战性的工作——当电脑程序师。(challenging) （汉译英） 【答案】Mike found a challenging job as a computer programmer. 【详解】考查句子结构。句子主干部分“迈克找到了一份工作”可使用主语Mike ，动词find使用一般过去时作谓语，名词a job作宾语。表示“富有挑战性的”应使用形容词challenging作定语修饰job；表示“当电脑程序师”使用介词短语as a computer programmer。故翻译为Mike found a challenging job as a computer programmer. 73．作为本次活动的东道主，我们招待所有的代表团吃了一顿美味佳肴。(serve) （汉译英） 【答案】As the host of this event, we served all the delegations a delicious meal. 【详解】考查句子结构。表示“作为本次活动的东道主”为介词短语as the host of this event，作状语；本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，表示“我们招待所有的代表团吃了一顿美味佳肴”为we served all the delegations a delicious meal，谓语动词serve用过去式，后接双宾语，all the delegations是间接宾语，a delicious meal是直接宾语。句首字母大写，故翻译为As the host of this event, we served all the delegations a delicious meal. 74．我告诉他汽车晚点了。(S V IO DO) (汉译英) 【答案】I told him that the bus was late. 【详解】考查句子结构。“告诉”使用动词tell，“告诉某人某事”使用动词短语tell sb sth，为双宾语结构，“汽车晚点了”译为一个宾语从句，“汽车”使用名词bus，“晚”使用形容词late，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故从句译为the bus was late，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故翻译为：I told him that the bus was late. 75．坦率地说，考试分数只能作为一个参考，不能作为评价的唯一标准。(guideline) (汉译英) 【答案】Frankly speaking, a grade in a test is just a guideline, not the only standard for evaluation. 【详解】考查短语和时态。句子描述的为一般事实，使用一般现在时。“坦率地说”为“frankly speaking”，“考试分数”为“a grade in a test”，“只是”为“just”，“一个参考”为“a guideline”，则“考试分数只能作为一个参考”使用“主系表”的结构翻译为“A grade in a test is just a guideline.”，“不”为“not”，名词“评价”为“evaluation”，“唯一标准”为“the only standard”，则“评价的唯一标准”为“the only standard for evaluation”。故翻译为Frankly speaking, a grade in a test is just a guideline, not the only standard for evaluation. 76．这所房子被高大的树木包围着，似乎与繁华的城市隔绝开来，为住户营造了一种宁静而孤独的氛围。(surround, isolated) 【答案】The house, surrounded by tall trees, seemed isolated from the bustling/busy city, creating an atmosphere of peace and solitude/loneliness for its residents. 【详解】考查句子结构和非谓语动词。由句意可知，该句为主系表结构，表示过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；主语为“这所房子”，译为the house，谓语为“似乎”，用系动词seem表达，“与繁华的城市隔绝开来”为表语，形容词短语isolated from表示“与……隔绝的”，可作表语，“繁华的”可译为bustling或busy，故“与繁华的城市隔绝开来”译为isolated from the bustling/busy city；“被高大的树木包围着”为定语修饰the house，动词surround表示“包围”，与the house之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词，作后置定语；“为住户营造了一种宁静而孤独的氛围”在句中作伴随状语，动词create表示“创造、营造”，表示自然而然产生的结果，故应用现在分词形式，名词atmostphere表示“氛围”，resident表示“居民、住户”，peace表示“宁静”，“孤独”可译为名词solitude或loneliness，故状语部分译为creating an atmosphere of peace and solitude/loneliness for its residents.。故全句译为The house, surrounded by tall trees, seemed isolated from the bustling/busy city, creating an atmosphere of peace and solitude/loneliness for its residents. 77．当地政府的做法不仅保护了中国公司的正当利益，也促进了当地经济的发展。（Not only, but also）（汉译英） 【答案】Not only did the local government’s actions protect the legitimate interests of Chinese companies, but also promoted the development of the local economy. 【详解】考查时态，部分倒装和短语。首先确定句子主语为“当地政府的做法”可表达为The local government’s actions，根据英文提示可知，用not only...but also...连接两个并列动词短语作谓语，not only置于句首时，所在部分要部分倒装；“保护了中国公司的正当利益”可表达为protect the legitimate interests of Chinese companies，“促进了当地经济的发展”可表达为promote the development of the local economy，根据语境可知时态为一般过去时。故填Not only did the local government’s actions protect the legitimate interests of Chinese companies, but also promoted the development of the local economy. 78．湛蓝天空映衬着雪白的梨花，景色美丽独特，吸引着络绎不绝的游客。(attract) （汉译英） 【答案】The scenes of the white pear blossoms against the clear blue sky are beautiful and unique, attracting a steady stream/continuous flow of tourists. 【详解】考查时态、句子结构和非谓语动词。本句为主系表结构，主语The scenes of the white pear blossoms（雪白梨花……的美景）；介词短语against the clear blue sky（在湛蓝天空的映衬下），作后置定语；陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，系动词用are；形容词beautiful and unique（美丽独特）作表语；“吸引着络绎不绝的游客”用非谓语形式，表示一种必然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表达为：attracting a steady stream/continuous flow of tourists，故全句翻译为：The scenes of the white pear blossoms against the clear blue sky are beautiful and unique, attracting a steady stream/continuous flow of tourists. 79．特斯拉表示，自动驾驶系统不是为了彻底取代驾驶员，而是给我们乏味的生活多提供一项选择。(take) (汉译英) 【答案】Tesla has said Autopilot is not meant to take over completely from a human driver but to provide our boring life with another option/alternative. 【详解】考查句子结构。表示“特斯拉表示”，可用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，表达为Tesla has said，是主语和谓语。后文为宾语从句，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，表示“自动驾驶系统不是为了彻底取代驾驶员”为Autopilot is not meant to take over completely from a human driver，专有名词Autopilot指“自动驾驶系统”，be meant to do sth是固定句型，take over 意为“接管，取代”；表示“而是给我们乏味的生活多提供一项选择”为but to provide our boring life with another option/alternative，not…but…是固定句型，provide sb with sth是固定句型，option和alternative是同义词，都可表示“选项”。故可翻译为Tesla has said Autopilot is not meant to take over completely from a human driver but to provide our boring life with another option/alternative. 80．尽管他们的生活千差万别，但是影片《浮生一日》中的人们都有一个共同点：无论他们的生活境遇如何，每个人都能找到生活的意义和幸福。(common) (汉译英) 【答案】Despite the vast differences in their lives, the people in the film A Day in the Life share one common point: regardless of their life circumstances, everyone can find meaning and happiness in life. 【详解】考查介词和时态。表示“尽管他们的生活千差万别”可使用介词短语despite the vast differences in their lives；主干部分表示“影片《浮生一日》中的人们都有一个共同点”，主语中心词“人们”可使用the people，后置定语“影片《浮生一日》中的”可使用in the film A Day in the Life；“有一个共同点”使用动词短语share one common point，陈述影片内容使用一般现在时态；“无论他们的生活境遇如何，每个人都能找到生活的意义和幸福”为common point的内容，可使用介词短语regardless of their life circumstances作状语，主干部分代词everyone作主语，情态动词can加动词原形find作谓语，名词meaning and happiness作宾语，“生活中的”使用in life作后置定语。故翻译为Despite the vast differences in their lives, the people in the film A Day in the Life share one common point: regardless of their life circumstances, everyone can find meaning and happiness in life. 四、语法填空，每小题1分，满分20分 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Common water plant could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and 1 (heat) could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist says further research could double the 2 (engineer) duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels 3 form underground, possess renewability whereas their consumption rate 4 (exceed) by regeneration speed. Lower carbon footprints compared to those produced by fossil fuels can be achieved by fuels sourced from both unused and recycled vegetable oils, animal fat, alongside seaweed sources. Nevertheless, negative perceptions have been increasingly directed toward them recently. This 5 (criticize) is partly attributed to the reality that substantial crop 6 (volume) are now diverted toward energy production instead of food supplies, while over 100 million acres of global agricultural land are occupied by biofuel cultivation. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows 7 (ready) in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For 8 new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” 9 introducing a particular molecule only when the plant had finished growing. To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil is a challenge. Shanklin says, 10 duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure. 【答案】 1．heating 2．engineered 3．that 4．is exceeded 5．criticism 6．volumes 7．readily 8．the 9．by 10．because 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现一种常见水生植物浮萍可提供绿色能源及原因。 1．考查名词。句意：将这种植物油转化为用于运输和供暖的生物柴油，可能是更具可持续性的未来的重要组成部分。空处和transportation并列，作介词for的宾语，应用名词heating“供暖”。故填heating。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：生物化学家约翰·尚克林说，进一步的研究可能会在未来几年内使经过基因改造的浮萍的产油量增加一倍。空处修饰名词duckweed，作定语，engineer“改变……的基因”和duckweed为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填engineered。 3．考查定语从句。句意：生物燃料不同于地下形成的化石燃料，它具有可再生性，而它们的再生速度快于它们的消耗速度。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词fossil fuels，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 4．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。空处为whereas后句子的谓语，根据possess可知，本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语consumption rate和exceed“超过”为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is exceeded。 5．考查名词。句意：这种批评部分归因于这样一个事实，即大量农作物现在被转向能源生产，而不是食品供应，而全球超过1亿英亩的农业用地被生物燃料种植所占用。空处作主语，需填名词criticism“批评”。故填criticism。 6．考查名词。句意同上。本空为that引导的同位语从句的主语，用名词volume“量”，根据are可知，用复数形式。故填volumes。 7．考查副词。句意：首先，它很容易在水中生长，所以不会与粮食作物争夺农业用地。空处修饰动词grows，应用副词readily“容易地”，作状语。故填readily。 8．考查冠词。句意：尚克林说，对于这项新研究，研究人员添加了一个产油基因，“在植物停止生长时，像打开电灯开关一样启动它”，只引入一种特定的分子。此处特指上文提到的a new study，应用定冠词the。故填the。 9．考查介词。句意同上。本空表示“通过”，应用介词by。故填by。 10．考查连词。句意：尚克林说，因为浮萍是一种非主流作物，没有太多的现有基础设施。空处引导原因状语从句，需用because引导。故填because。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Following a public vote 1 more than 37,000 people had their say, we’re pleased to announce that the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024 is ‌“brain rot”. ‌“Brain rot” refers to ‌“the supposed worsening of a person’s mental or intellectual state, 2 (especial) viewed as the result of over 3 (consume) of material (now particularly online content) considered to be unimportant or unchallenging. Also: something characterized as likely to lead to such worsening”. Our experts noticed that ‌“brain rot” gained new prominence this year as a term 4 (use) to capture concerns about the impact of consuming excessive amounts of low-quality online content 5 people’s thinking abilities. The term 6 (increase) in usage frequency by 230% in the last two years. The first recorded use of ‌“brain rot” 7 (find) in 1854 in Henry David Thoreau’s book Walden, which reports his experiences of living a simple lifestyle in the natural world. 8 (draw) his thought-provoking conclusions, Thoreau finally criticizes society’s tendency to devalue complex ideas, or those that can be interpreted in multiple ways, in favor of simple ones, and sees this as indicative of 9 general decline in mental and intellectual effort: ‌“ 10 England is trying to cure the potato rot, why not try to cure the brain-rot-which prevails so much more widely and fatally?” 【答案】 1．where 2．especially 3．consumption 4．used 5．on 6．has increased 7．was found 8．To draw 9．a 10．While 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2024年牛津年度词汇“brain rot”。 1．考查定语从句。句意：经过一场有超过37000人参与表态的公众投票，我们很高兴地宣布，2024年牛津年度词汇是“brain rot”。“ more than 37,000 people had their say”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a public vote，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示“在公众投票中”，是模糊地点，用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。 2．考查副词。句意：“Brain rot”指的是“一个人精神或智力状态的假定恶化，尤其被视为过度消费被认为不重要或无挑战性的材料(现在尤其指在线内容)的结果”。提示词修饰动词viewed，用副词especially作状语，意为“尤其”。故填especially。 3．考查名词。句意：“Brain rot”指的是“一个人精神或智力状态的假定恶化，尤其被视为过度消费被认为不重要或无挑战性的材料(现在尤其指在线内容)的结果”。提示词作介词of后宾语，用名词consumption，意为“消费”，不可数名词。故填consumption。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的专家注意到，“brain rot”今年作为一个用来表达对过度消费低质量在线内容对人们思维能力影响担忧的术语，获得了新的关注度。“(use) to capture concerns...”作后置定语，修饰名词term，use(消费)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语term之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。 5．考查介词。句意：我们的专家注意到，“brain rot”今年作为一个用来表达对过度消费低质量在线内容对人们思维能力影响担忧的术语，获得了新的关注度。“the impact of...on...”是固定搭配，意为“……对……的影响”。故填on。 6．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这个术语的使用频率在过去两年里增加了230%。increase(增加)是谓语动词，与主语The term之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“in the last two years”可知，讲述过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时态，主语是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has increased。 7．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：“brain rot”的首次有记录使用是在1854年亨利·戴维·梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》一书中被发现的，该书记录了他在自然世界中过简单生活的经历。find(发现)是主句谓语动词，与主语The first recorded use之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“in 1854”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was found。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了得出他发人深省的结论，梭罗最终批评了社会贬低复杂思想或那些可以有多种解读方式的思想，而青睐简单思想的倾向，并认为这表明精神和智力努力的普遍下降。“(draw) his thought provoking conclusions”是“Thoreau finally criticizes society’s tendency...”的目的，用不定式作目的状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填To draw。 9．考查冠词。句意：为了得出他发人深省的结论，梭罗最终批评了社会贬低复杂思想或那些可以有多种解读方式的思想，而青睐简单思想的倾向，并认为这表明精神和智力努力的普遍下降。可数名词decline在句中表示“一种普遍的下降”，泛指，且general是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 10．考查连词。句意：“当英国试图治愈马铃薯腐烂病时，为什么不尝试治愈更广泛、更致命流行的‘大脑腐烂病’呢？”根据语境可知，“England is trying to cure the potato rot”是时间状语从句，用从属连词while引导从句，表示“当……时候”；句首单词首字母大写。故填While。 2 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 进阶练01 句子成分与句子类型（四题型，100题） 说明：此专题分四种题型，难度依次递升，大家根据实际情况选择进行专项训练！ 一、基本句型结构判断（每小题1分，满分20分） 判断下列句子的基本句型结构（从 SV、SVO、SVP、SVOO、SVOC、SVA、SVOA、存现句中选择），并写出结构缩写。 1.The moon shines brightly at night. 2.My mother cooked me a delicious meal. 3.The little girl looks happy today. 4.We planted many trees in the garden. 5.Time passes quickly. 6.I found the story very moving. 7.There lies a small lake in the valley. 8.She gave her friend a nice present. 9.The children are playing games. 10.He ran fast to catch the bus. 11.The milk turned sour in the heat. 12.They elected Tom monitor of the class. 13.A strong wind is blowing outside. 14.My teacher told us a funny story yesterday. 15.There are three books on the desk. 16.She placed the flowers in a beautiful vase. 17.The old man seems tired after walking. 18.We heard her singing in the next room. 19.Birds fly south in winter. 20.I bought a new laptop last week. 二、语法填空，每小题1分，满分30分 21．The first engine designed by steam was invented by James Watt, an (invent) and engineer. 22．Due carelessness, your mistakes may have serious results. 23．Two experts from Sotheby's confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it ________ person. 24．After he greeted his friend, they (begin) to talk. 25．Now it is home to (approximate) 300 folk houses,20 temples and ancestral halls, and 10 opera stages. 26．It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is (respective) 65% and 50%. 27． (Renewable energy) sources like hydropower have minimal environmental impact. 28．James, a famous natural (explore), has spent years traveling through the desert, devoting himself to discovering ancient ruins and hidden treasures. 29．I am following in the footsteps of Xu Xiake, the famous Chinese travel writer and (geography). 30．Braathen remains fascinated by the field of modern and contemporary art history, (especial) The Spiritual in Art. 31．Mount Huangshan, a well-known tourist (attract) , is located in the south of Anhui Province. 32．You cannot see her on Sundays when she is (most) out. 33．He’ll arrive in (approximate) 20 minutes. 34． (owe) to the sudden shower, the baseball game was interrupted. 35．—May I ask for leave tomorrow? —No，you can’t. applying for the scholarship must be present. 36．Paulson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt (I),＂says Paulson. 37．Student performance will be judged the basis of degree examination results, theses and continuous assessment, following current university regulations. 38．He made an （announce）that the president would come to our city. 39．A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is （I）”. 40．Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm (you) down. 41．It is always the case that the police conducted an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who (commit) the offence. 42．They (emphasis) that they have been kept busy their study and have no time to spare for the outdoor activities. 43．It is no trouble at all; the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. 44．Apple fans are (queue) outside the store to buy the new Apple iPhone 6 which will be on sale tomorrow. 45．Her questions about my private life me.(embarrass) 46．John Olson, a former (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 47． (conclude), despite the challenges, we should be optimistic about the future. 48．1 want to know your thought side you’re going to be on. 49．The other Chinese idiom involving “a thousand miles” is a famous quotation from Lao Tzu, a top ancient Chinese philosopher, author of Daodejing, or the Tao Te Ch-ing, and (found) of Taoism, who lived during the later years of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). 50．We with academic stress now.(burden) 三、翻译，每小题1分，满分30分 51．面对困境，他决心努力学习并克服这些文化差异。(face) (汉译英） 52．这部纪录片刻画了一位饱经风霜的老人及其令人饮佩的爱国情怀。（feature）（汉译英） 53．多亏了人工智能，残疾人可以足不出户，享受生活的极致便利。（Thanks to）（汉译英） 54．除了污染和交通堵塞，人口过多也是发展中国家面临的一个重要问题。(addition) （汉译英） 55．你看上去有点心力交瘁，你是否想在放学后和我聊一聊近期的烦心事呢? (stress) (汉译英) 56．研究表明投资这个软件公司是不值得的。(worthwhile) 57．尽管快餐深受大家喜爱，高盐高脂肪的不健康食物会对人的健康产生负面影响（effect）（汉译英） 58．长远来看, 不光饮食的失衡和锻炼投入的不足，就连经常的熬夜，也是肥胖的罪魁祸首。（not only）(汉译英） 59．无论如何要重视词汇在语境中的含义。（means）(汉译英） 60．毫无疑问科技将会使世界变得更美好。(no doubt) (汉译英) 61．到附近一个教堂去的唯一通道是通过那条小径。（access）（汉译英） 62．人类有责任把美好的环境世代相传。（responsible）(汉译英) 63．众所周知，报纸、杂志，电视仍然是公众获取信息的有效媒体。(It…that…) （汉译英） 64．热心的志愿者们经常给偏远山区的孩子们提供玩具、足球或篮球，希望给他们的童年增添一些乐趣。（hope）（汉译英） 65．他们正面临这样的事实：没有人能免于处罚。（spare） 66．新的智能门锁正在展厅里展示。(new) （汉译英） 67．带着勇气、智力与恒心，人类必将在不久的将来经受病毒的攻击得以幸存。（arm）（汉译英） 68．我代表我的同事及我自己向您表示谢意。(汉译英) 69．从长远来看, 这个药可被证明行之有效，且无严重的副作用。（prove）（汉译英） 70．新的学校就是一个新的社会，在那里你将遇到很多真诚的朋友和敬业的老师。(where)(汉译英) 71．那位曾被老师点亮童年的男孩，如今自己也成了老师。(whose) （汉译英） 72．迈克找到了一份富有挑战性的工作——当电脑程序师。(challenging) （汉译英） 73．作为本次活动的东道主，我们招待所有的代表团吃了一顿美味佳肴。(serve) （汉译英） 74．我告诉他汽车晚点了。(S V IO DO) (汉译英) 75．坦率地说，考试分数只能作为一个参考，不能作为评价的唯一标准。(guideline) (汉译英) 76．这所房子被高大的树木包围着，似乎与繁华的城市隔绝开来，为住户营造了一种宁静而孤独的氛围。(surround, isolated) 77．当地政府的做法不仅保护了中国公司的正当利益，也促进了当地经济的发展。（Not only, but also）（汉译英） 78．湛蓝天空映衬着雪白的梨花，景色美丽独特，吸引着络绎不绝的游客。(attract) （汉译英） 79．特斯拉表示，自动驾驶系统不是为了彻底取代驾驶员，而是给我们乏味的生活多提供一项选择。(take) (汉译英) 80．尽管他们的生活千差万别，但是影片《浮生一日》中的人们都有一个共同点：无论他们的生活境遇如何，每个人都能找到生活的意义和幸福。(common) (汉译英) 四、语法填空，每小题1分，满分20分 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Common water plant could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and 1 (heat) could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist says further research could double the 2 (engineer) duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels 3 form underground, possess renewability whereas their consumption rate 4 (exceed) by regeneration speed. Lower carbon footprints compared to those produced by fossil fuels can be achieved by fuels sourced from both unused and recycled vegetable oils, animal fat, alongside seaweed sources. Nevertheless, negative perceptions have been increasingly directed toward them recently. This 5 (criticize) is partly attributed to the reality that substantial crop 6 (volume) are now diverted toward energy production instead of food supplies, while over 100 million acres of global agricultural land are occupied by biofuel cultivation. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows 7 (ready) in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For 8 new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” 9 introducing a particular molecule only when the plant had finished growing. To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil is a challenge. Shanklin says, 10 duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure. 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Following a public vote 1 more than 37,000 people had their say, we’re pleased to announce that the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024 is ‌“brain rot”. ‌“Brain rot” refers to ‌“the supposed worsening of a person’s mental or intellectual state, 2 (especial) viewed as the result of over 3 (consume) of material (now particularly online content) considered to be unimportant or unchallenging. Also: something characterized as likely to lead to such worsening”. Our experts noticed that ‌“brain rot” gained new prominence this year as a term 4 (use) to capture concerns about the impact of consuming excessive amounts of low-quality online content 5 people’s thinking abilities. The term 6 (increase) in usage frequency by 230% in the last two years. The first recorded use of ‌“brain rot” 7 (find) in 1854 in Henry David Thoreau’s book Walden, which reports his experiences of living a simple lifestyle in the natural world. 8 (draw) his thought-provoking conclusions, Thoreau finally criticizes society’s tendency to devalue complex ideas, or those that can be interpreted in multiple ways, in favor of simple ones, and sees this as indicative of 9 general decline in mental and intellectual effort: ‌“ 10 England is trying to cure the potato rot, why not try to cure the brain-rot-which prevails so much more widely and fatally?” 2 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$