语法专题讲义3：一般将来时2026～2027学年人教版英语八年级上册暑假衔接

语法专题讲义3：一般将来时（Simple Future Tense） 解析版 【学习目标】 1. 掌握一般将来时的两种表达方式：will/shall+ 动词原形 和 be going to + 动词原形。 2. 能正确运用 will 和 be going to 的肯定句、否定句和疑问句结构。 3. 理解 There will be 以及 There is/are going to be 句型的用法，能描述将来的存在状态。 4. 能区分 be going to（计划打算/迹象推测）和 will（临时决定/意愿/预测）的不同使用场景。 5. 掌握 shall 用于第一人称表提议或征求意见的用法。 一、will 的基本用法 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future 等时间状语连用。 结构：主语 + will + 动词原形 · 肯定句：We will come to see you next week. 我们下周会来看你。 · 否定句：Some jobs today will not (won't) disappear. 如今的一些工作不会消失。 · 一般疑问句：Will people live in outer space? 人们将来会住在外太空吗？ · 特殊疑问句：What will your life be like in 20 years? 20年后你的生活会是什么样？ 在口语中，will 常缩略为 'll，will not 常缩略为 won't。 will 的用法说明： · 表示对未来的预测（常与 I think, I believe, probably, maybe 等连用）：I think people will live longer in the future. 我认为未来人们会更长寿。 · 表示说话时临时做出的决定：— The phone is ringing. — I'll answer it. — 电话响了。— 我来接。 · 表示意愿或承诺：I will tell you all about it. 我会把一切都告诉你。 【典例】 — What ________ the future be like? — Cities ________ more crowded. A. will; will be  B. will; are  C. does; will be  D. is; are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：未来将会是什么样子的？——城市会更加拥挤。询问将来的事情用 will，答句用 will + 动词原形。 【即练1】 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) I ________ (visit) my grandparents next Sunday. 【答案】will visit 【解析】句意：我下周日要去看望祖父母。next Sunday 是明确的将来时间，用 will + 动词原形。句子没有强调“事先计划已久”的语境，用 will 最自然。 (2) Robots ________ (help) us with housework in the future. 【答案】will help 【解析】句意：将来机器人会帮我们做家务。in the future 是典型的将来时间状语，表示对遥远未来的预测，用 will help。如果是看到机器人正在演示做家务然后说“它会帮我们”，才适合用 be going to。 2. 句型转换。 (3) She will go to the museum tomorrow. (改为否定句)  She ________ ________ to the museum tomorrow. 【答案】won't go 【解析】will 的否定形式是 will not，常缩略为 won't，后接动词原形 go。注意否定词后仍然用动词原形。 (4) Will they arrive at 5 o'clock? (作肯定回答)  Yes, ________ ________. 【答案】they will 【解析】Will 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + will.”。 ⚠ 易错提醒：will 后必须用动词原形，不能加 s/ed/ing；一般疑问句把 will 提到主语前。 ❌ He wills come tomorrow. ✅ He will come tomorrow. ❌ Will he comes tomorrow? ✅ Will he come tomorrow? 二、There will be 句型 结构：There will be + 名词 + 其他 · 肯定句：There will be more challenging jobs in the future. 将来会有更多有挑战性的工作。 · 否定句：There won't be enough food. 将不会有足够的食物。 · 一般疑问句：Will there be more robots? 会有更多的机器人吗？ 此外，There be 句型也可用 There is/are going to be 表示将来： · There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 明天将有一场会议。 · There are going to be more parks in the city. 这座城市将会有更多公园。 注意：无论哪种形式，都不能与 have 混用，不可说 There will have 或 There is going to have。 【典例】 ________ a concert in our school hall next Friday. A. There will have  B. There is going to have  C. There will be  D. There has 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下周五我们学校礼堂将有一场音乐会。There be 句型的一般将来时是 There will be 或 There is/are going to be，不能与 have 混用。B项中的 have 是错误形式，正确应为 There is going to be。 【即练2】 1. 用 There will be 或 There won't be 填空。 (1) ________ more people in cities in 2050. 【答案】There will be 【解析】句意：2050 年城市里将有更多人口。肯定的将来预测用 There will be。2050 年是明确的将来时间，不能用一般现在时。 (2) ________ enough clean water if we don't protect it. 【答案】There won't be 【解析】句意：如果不保护水资源，将不会有足够的清洁水。if 条件句的主句用将来时，否定含义用 There won't be。这是一种警告性预测，用 will 的否定形式最合适。 2. 单项选择。 （　）(3) ________ a sports meeting in our school next month. A. There are  B. There will have  C. There is  D. There will be 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下个月我们学校将有一场运动会。next month 提示将来时，排除 A、C。B 项 there 和 have 重复错误，只有 D 项正确。 ⚠ 易错提醒：表达“某地将有……”用 There will be 或 There is/are going to be，不可用 There will have 或 There is going to have。 ❌ There will have a new library in our school. ✅ There will be a new library in our school. ❌ There is going to have a meeting tomorrow. ✅ There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 三、shall 的用法 主语为 I 或 we 时，可用 shall 表示将来，常用于 提议或征求意见。 · 提议：Shall we go to see the sci-fi film? 我们去看科幻电影好吗？ · 征求意见：What shall I do next? 我下一步该做什么？ 在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，也可用 shall 表达比较正式的将来。但在口语中，所有人称都可以用 will。 ※ 补充：在正式书面语中，shall 可用于第一人称表示纯粹的将来，如 I shall write you a letter next month.（我下个月会给你写信。）但此用法在口语中已较少见，学生了解即可。 【典例】 — ________ we go to the park this afternoon? — Good idea! A. Will  B. Shall  C. Are  D. Do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我们今天下午去公园好吗？——好主意！we 作主语，提议做某事用 Shall we...? 【即练3】 1. 单项选择。 （　）(1) — ________ I help you carry the box? — It's so kind of you. A. Will  B. Shall  C. Am  D. Do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我来帮你搬箱子好吗？——你太好了。主动提供帮助，主语 I，用 Shall I...? 2. 补全对话，用 shall 或 will 填空。 (2) — What ________ we do this weekend? — ________ we go cycling? 【答案】shall; Shall 【解析】句意：——这个周末我们做什么呢？——我们去骑自行车好吗？两空都是征求意见或提议，主语 we，均用 shall。will 只能表示“我们将会做什么”，不能表达提议的语气。 ⚠ 易错提醒：shall 仅用于第一人称 I/we，第二、三人称不能用 shall。 ❌ Shall he go with us? ✅ Will he go with us? ❌ They shall arrive soon. ✅ They will arrive soon. 四、be going to 的用法 结构：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 用法一：表示 计划、打算、决定要做的事。 · I'm going to read more books about IT and AI. 我打算读更多关于IT和人工智能的书。 · She is hungry. She is going to make a sandwich. 她饿了。她打算做个三明治。 · What are you going to do tonight? 你今晚打算做什么？ 常与 want to do, plan to do, hope to do, decide to do 等不定式结构配合使用。 用法二：表示 根据客观迹象作出的推测（说话时已有证据表明某事即将发生）。 · Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain. 看那些乌云！快要下雨了。 · The boy is running too fast. He is going to fall. 那个男孩跑得太快了，他快要摔倒了。 【典例】 — What's your plan for the new term? — I ________ study harder and get better grades. A. go to  B. am going to  C. will to  D. going to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你新学期的计划是什么？——我打算更加努力学习，取得更好的成绩。根据问句的 plan 可知回答的是计划，用 be going to，主语 I 后用 am going to。 【即练4】 1. 单项选择。 （　）(1) My parents ________ buy a new house next year. A. is going to  B. are going to  C. going to  D. will going to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我父母打算明年买一套新房子。主语 My parents 是复数，be 动词用 are，后接 going to + 动词原形。A 项 is 与主语不一致，C 项缺 be 动词，D 项 will 和 going to 不能叠用。 2. 完成句子。 (2) 我打算长大后当一名医生。  I ________ ________ ________ ________ a doctor when I grow up. 【答案】am going to be 【解析】“打算做某事”用 be going to + 动词原形。主语 I 后用 am going to，“当医生”用 be a doctor。 (3) 他们计划周末去参观博物馆。  They ________ ________ ________ ________ the museum this weekend. 【答案】are going to visit 【解析】“计划做某事”用 be going to + 动词原形。主语 They 后用 are going to。 ⚠ 易错提醒：be going to 中的 be 动词要随主语人称变化（I am, You are, He/She/It is, We/They are）；going 后跟 to do，不能接其他形式。 ❌ He are going to visit his uncle. ✅ He is going to visit his uncle. ❌ She is going to plays tennis. ✅ She is going to play tennis. 五、be going to 与 will 的区别 对比点 be going to will 计划性 事先计划、打算 临时决定、意愿 预测依据 有客观迹象 主观判断/一般性预测 例句 Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. 看那些云！要下雨了。 I think it will rain tomorrow. 我觉得明天会下雨。 例句 I'm going to visit my aunt.（事先计划） — The phone is ringing. — I'll answer it.（临时决定） 【典例】 — The box is too heavy. I can't carry it. — Don't worry. I ________ you. A. am going to help  B. will help  C. helped  D. help 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。——别担心，我来帮你。说话时临时决定帮忙，不是事先计划，用 will。 【即练5】 1. 单项选择。 （　）(1) Look at the dark clouds! It ________ rain soon. A. is going to  B. will  C. was  D. is 【答案】A 【解析】句意：看那些乌云！快要下雨了。Look at the dark clouds! 是客观迹象，根据迹象推测用 be going to。will rain 是主观判断，不符合这里看到乌云后的即时反应。 2. 选词填空。（用 be going to 或 will 填空） (2) — What are your plans for the holiday? — I ________ travel to Yunnan. 【答案】am going to 【解析】句意：——你假期的计划是什么？——我打算去云南旅游。问句中的 plans 明确提示回答的是一个事先安排好的计划，用 be going to。主语 I 后用 am going to。 (3) — I don't have any money. — No problem. I ________ lend you some. 【答案】will 【解析】句意：——我没有钱了。——没问题，我借你一些。听到对方说没钱后临时决定借钱，用 will。am going to lend 意味着早有准备，不符合语境。 ⚠ 易错提醒：有客观迹象（如乌云、水滴）→ be going to；临时决定、意愿 → will；事先计划好的 → be going to。 ❌ Look at the clouds. It will rain. (明明看见了乌云) ✅ Look at the clouds. It 's going to rain. ❌ I will visit my grandma this weekend. I told her yesterday. (早有计划) ✅ I am going to visit my grandma this weekend. 综合过关训练 一、基础过关 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) — What are your plans for tonight? — I ________ (have) a party at home. I've already invited my friends. 【答案】am going to have 【解析】问句中的 plans 和答句中 already invited 都说明这是事先计划好的事，用 be going to。主语 I 后用 am going to have。 (2) — You always ride to school. Why are you taking the bus today? — My bike is broken, so I ________ (not go) by bike tomorrow either. 【答案】won't go 【解析】自行车坏了是临时出现的情况，因此明天不骑车是根据临时情况做出的安排，用 will 的否定形式 won't go。如果用 am not going to go，暗示“不骑车”是早已计划好的，与语境逻辑不符。 (3) There ________ (be) a new bridge in the village soon. 【答案】will be 【解析】soon 是将来的时间标志，There be 句型的将来时用 There will be。这里是对未来事件的客观陈述，不涉及个人计划或迹象。 (4) ________ you ________ (come) to my birthday party this Sunday? 【答案】Will; come 【解析】this Sunday 是将来的时间，一般疑问句将 Will 提前到主语 you 之前，动词用原形 come。 (5) She ________ (be) fifteen years old next month. 【答案】will be 【解析】next month 是明确的将来时间，年龄的增长是客观规律，不是计划或迹象，用 will be。 2. 句型转换。 (6) Jim will visit the museum tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句)  ________ Jim ________ the museum tomorrow? 【答案】Will; visit 【解析】一般疑问句将 Will 提到主语 Jim 之前，其余部分 visit the museum tomorrow 保持不变。 (7) They are going to have a picnic this Saturday. (改为否定句)  They ________ ________ going to have a picnic this Saturday. 【答案】are not 【解析】be going to 的否定形式在 be 动词 are 后加 not，可缩略为 aren't。 (8) Will there be more trees in the park? (作肯定回答)  Yes, ________ ________. 【答案】there will 【解析】There be 句型一般疑问句的肯定回答结构为 Yes, there will。 (9) She is going to study abroad next year. (对划线部分提问)  ________ is she going to ________ next year? 【答案】What; do 【解析】对 study abroad 这个动作提问，用 What...do 结构。 (10) I plan to learn to play the piano. (用 be going to 改写)  I ________ ________ ________ learn to play the piano. 【答案】am going to 【解析】plan to do 改写为 be going to do，含义相同。主语 I 后用 am going to。 二、能力提升 1. 单项选择。 （　）(11) — There ________ a basketball game next Monday. Will you go? — I'm not sure. Let me check my plan first. A. is going to be  B. is going to have  C. is  D. will have 【答案】A 【解析】next Monday 提示将来时。A 项 There is going to be 正确。B 项 is going to have 错误（There be 不与 have 混用）。C 项 is 虽可表日程，但答语“我不确定”暗示不太确定，将来时更贴切。D 项 will have 不能与 there 连用。 （　）(12) — ________ we go for a walk after dinner? — Good idea. A. Will  B. Do  C. Are  D. Shall 【答案】D 【解析】答语 Good idea 说明是提议，主语 we，用 Shall we...? Will we 只能询问将来事实。 （　）(13) — I have a terrible stomachache. — I ________ you to the hospital right away. A. take  B. am going to take  C. took  D. will take 【答案】D 【解析】听到对方说胃疼后临时决定送医院，用 will take。am going to take 意味着早有准备，不符合语境。 （　）(14) — What are your New Year's resolutions? — I ________ take up a new hobby like painting. A. will  B. am going to  C. going to  D. / 【答案】B 【解析】resolutions 是决心/计划，用 be going to 回答，主语 I 后用 am going to。 （　）(15) — How ________ you ________ improve your English? — By reading more. A. are; going to  B. will; going to  C. are; /  D. do; will 【答案】A 【解析】询问“打算如何做”用 How are you going to...? B 项 will going to 语法错误。 2. 选词填空。从方框中选择适当的词填空，注意形式。 will   be going to   shall (16) The weather forecast says it ________ be sunny tomorrow. 【答案】will 【解析】天气预报是客观预测，用 will。 (17) — What's your dream? — I ________ be a doctor and help sick people. 【答案】am going to 【解析】dream 是长期计划，用 be going to。主语 I 后用 am going to。 (18) — ________ we order some pizza for dinner? — Great! 【答案】Shall 【解析】主语 we，提议做某事，用 Shall。 (19) Look out! The glass ________ fall off the table. 【答案】is going to 【解析】Look out! 提示看到了危险迹象，用 be going to。主语 glass 第三人称单数，用 is going to。 (20) — I forgot to bring my pen. — Don't worry. I ________ lend you mine. 【答案】will 【解析】临时决定借笔，用 will。 3. 完形填空。 通读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 My name is David. I'm a fifteen-year-old student from London. Last month, my school held a Future Week. We were asked to imagine what life 21. ________ be like in 2050. At first, I thought it was just another school project, but it turned out to be one of the most unforgettable experiences of my life. Our first speaker was Dr. Miller, a famous scientist who studies future technologies. He told us that technology will change our lives greatly in the next thirty years. He showed us a short video about smart homes, and everyone was amazed. "Look at this smart fridge," he said, pointing at the screen. "It 22. ________ you what food you need to buy before you even realize it. See? The screen is already showing a shopping list!" He explained that in the near future, our lights 23. ________ on and off by themselves as soon as we enter or leave a room. "There 24. ________ robots in every home," he added with a smile. "They 25. ________ people with all kinds of housework—cleaning the floor, cooking meals, even taking care of the pets." He also said that the robots 26. ________ even smarter in the future—just look at how fast AI is developing now! "You will have more free time than ever before," he promised. Mrs. White, a career planner with over twenty years of experience, was the second speaker. She did not talk about machines; instead, she talked about people. She told us that some traditional jobs 27. ________ disappear in the coming years, just as they always have throughout history. However, she also said that new jobs we cannot even imagine today 28. ________ created. "Think about it," she said. "Twenty years ago, nobody had heard of a social media manager. Now it is a common job. The same thing will happen again and again." She looked around the room and spoke slowly, "The most important thing is to keep learning and stay curious. Nobody 29. ________ exactly what the future holds, and that is fine. But one thing is certain: if you work hard and never give up, you 30. ________ find your way." After Future Week, I could not stop thinking about everything I had heard. Some of my classmates felt worried—they were afraid that robots might take away too many jobs. But I felt different. I realised that the future is not something we should fear. It is something we can shape with our own hands. I do not know exactly what job I will do in 2050, but I know one thing: I will keep learning, keep asking questions, and keep moving forward. （　）21. A. will  B. is  C. was  D. has （　）22. A. is going to tell  B. told  C. tells  D. is telling （　）23. A. turn  B. turned  C. are turning  D. will turn （　）24. A. will have  B. is  C. are going to have  D. will be （　）25. A. helped  B. will help  C. help  D. are helping （　）26. A. are going to get  B. are getting  C. got  D. get （　）27. A. are  B. were  C. will  D. have （　）28. A. are  B. were  C. will be  D. have been （　）29. A. is knowing  B. knew  C. has known  D. knows （　）30. A. are  B. were  C. will  D. did 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. C 【解析】 21. A。文章开篇交代：学校举办了Future Week，主题是想象2050年的生活。what life will be like是询问将来情况的固定句型，全文以此为纲，必须用will。B项is（一般现在时）无法表达"将来"含义，C项was（过去时）与"想象未来"的语境矛盾，D项has语法不通。 22. A。这是全文区分will和be going to的关键设空之一。Dr. Miller 指着屏幕说“屏幕已经显示了购物清单（The screen is already showing a shopping list）”，基于这一眼前迹象推断“它会告诉你需要买什么”，用 be going to。B 项 told 是过去时，与将来语境不符；C 项 tells 是一般现在时，表示常态功能，但这里强调的是“即将告诉你”的一次性场景；D 项 is telling 是现在进行时，但“告诉”这一动作尚未发生。 23. D。in the near future是明确的将来时间状语，直接锁定将来时。灯将来会自动开关，用will turn。A项turn是一般现在时，B项turned是过去时，C项are turning是现在进行时，时态均不符。整段都在描绘未来智能家居的功能，所有谓语都用将来时，这里也不例外。 24. D。"每个家庭都会有机器人"是There be句型的将来时，用There will be。A项will have是典型错误——学生受中文"将会有"影响，误以为there和have可以连用，实际上英语中there be和have不能混用：there be表"某地存在"，have表"某人拥有"。C项are going to have同理错误。B项is是一般现在时单数，但robots是复数，且时态不符。 25. B。前句"There will be robots"说明机器人的存在是将来时，本句承接描述机器人的功能——"帮人们做家务"，自然也用将来时will help保持上下文时态一致。A项helped是过去时，C项help是一般现在时，D项are helping是现在进行时，均与前后将来语境脱节。 26. A。这是全文第二个be going to的设空，同样考查"基于迹象推测"。破折号后的"just look at how fast AI is developing now!"是关键——说话者让听众看当下正在发生的事（AI正快速发展），以此为证据推测"机器人会变得更聪明"。有眼前迹象→用be going to。B项are getting是现在进行时，表示"正在变得更聪明"，但后面有in the future，说明不是现在。C项got是过去时。D项get是一般现在时。主语robots是复数，be动词用are，因此选are going to get。 27. C。in the coming years是将来时间标志，意为"在接下来的几年里"。Mrs. White在预测就业市场的变化——传统工作将会消失。用will disappear表示对未来的预测。A项are不能单独构成将来时。B项were是过去时。D项have同样不能构成正确的将来时。整段话都是在描绘未来的职场图景，将来时贯穿始终。 28. C。"新工作将被创造出来"——jobs和create之间是被动关系（工作是被创造的），因此用将来时的被动语态will be created。A项are是一般现在时被动，B项were是过去时被动，D项have been是现在完成时被动，均与将来的语境不符。Mrs. White说新工作"我们甚至无法想象"，说明这些工作当下还不存在，属于将来。 29. D。这是全文最容易出错的题目。整篇文章都在讲将来，唯独此处用一般现在时knows，原因有二：第一，"Nobody knows exactly what the future holds"（没有人确切知道未来会怎样）表达的是一个普遍真理——不仅现在没人知道，过去如此，将来也如此，这是一个超越时间的客观事实，英语中表达此类真理用一般现在时。第二，nobody作主语视为第三人称单数，动词需加-s。A项is knowing错误——know是状态动词，不能用于进行时（不能说"正在知道"）。B项knew是过去时。C项has known是现在完成时，表示"已经知道"，与"没有人知道"的含义相悖。此句是Mrs. White用格言式的真理来安抚学生，语气正式而哲理。 30. C。if you work hard and never give up是条件状语从句，用一般现在时；主句you will find your way用一般将来时。这是标准的"主将从现"结构——条件句用现在时表将来条件，主句用将来时表结果。A项are和B项were不能与find搭配构成将来时。D项did是过去时，与将来的展望语境矛盾。这句话是Mrs. White对学生的鼓励和寄语，也是全文的点睛之笔。 4. 短文填空。 根据短文内容，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 Dear Diary, Today was such an exciting day! Our teacher asked us to write about our future plans, and I have been thinking about this topic all evening. I have so many dreams, and the biggest one is to become an IT engineer. Ever since I wrote my first simple programme last year, I have fallen in love with coding. I truly believe technology 31. ________ (make) the world a better place in the future. When I talked to my parents about my dream, they were so happy. "We 32. ________ (support) you whatever you choose," they say. Their words made me feel so warm inside. Of course, becoming an engineer is not easy. I have already made up my mind: I 33. ________ (go) to a good university and study computer science. I know I must work very hard to achieve this goal. My cousin, who is already studying IT at university, told me that, according to his experience, there 34. ________ (be) more jobs in this field in the future, so it 35. ________ (not be) too difficult for me to find a good job after graduation. His advice gave me a lot of confidence. My parents have been planning a surprise for me—something really exciting is going to happen: my family 36. ________ (travel) to Beijing! We have been planning this trip for months! While we are there, we 37. ________ (visit) the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. I have seen photos of these places in textbooks, but I cannot wait to see them with my own eyes. Mum says we 38. ________ (take) the high-speed train instead of flying—she has already booked the tickets online. "It 39. ________ (be) much faster than driving, and you can enjoy the beautiful countryside along the way," she told me. I also asked my best friend Tom, "We both love history, so 40. ________ we learn more about the ancient buildings together before the trip?" He agreed at once, and we have already borrowed several books from the school library. In the long term, I hope I 41. ________ (live) in a city with clean air and blue sky. I want to walk to work every morning and see green trees along the streets. Maybe it sounds like a simple dream, but I truly believe it is worth working for. I am sure that as long as I hold on to my dreams and keep moving forward, the future 42. ________ (be) full of wonderful surprises. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 31. will make  32. will support  33. am going to go  34. are going to be  35. won't be  36. are going to travel  37. will visit  38. are going to take  39. will be  40. shall  41. will live  42. will be 【解析】 31. will make。I truly believe后接宾语从句，表达说话者深信不疑的主观信念——"科技会让世界更好"。这是个人看法和预测，没有说"看，现在科技正在改变世界"这类眼前迹象，因此用will make表示主观预测。in the future也是将来时的标志。be going to需要眼前证据（如看到科技正在改变某事），此处不具备这个条件。 32. will support。这是直接引语中父母对孩子的承诺——"不管你选什么，我们都会支持你"。表示承诺和意愿时用will。注意语境：父母是用they say（现在时）引出的直接引语，引语内部独立，用will support表示将来的支持。am/are going to support语法上正确，但will support更贴合"承诺"的语气——承诺是当下的言语行为，不是事先计划。 33. am going to go。I have already made up my mind（我已经下定决心）是明确的计划信号——"下定决心"本身就意味着深思熟虑后的决定。这和be going to"表示事先计划"的用法完美匹配。make up one's mind是"决定做某事"的固定表达，决定了的事情就是计划好的事情。主语I，be动词用am。will go语法不错，但have already made up my mind已经给出了"计划"的语境线索，用be going to更贴切。 34. are going to be。according to his experience（根据他的经验）是"有依据的推测"的标志——表哥不是在空想，而是基于自己在IT领域的亲身经历做出的判断。这正是be going to的第二种用法：基于证据的推测。此外，There be句型的be going to形式是There is/are going to be，主语jobs是复数，be动词用are。用will be语法上可接受，但前面的according to his experience提供了推测依据，填 will be 也可接受，但 are going to be 更能体现'有据可依'的语感。 35. won't be。这是承接前文的自然推论——前面说IT领域会有更多工作，所以"找工作不会太难"。这个推论基于前文表哥的判断，属于逻辑推演，用will的否定形式won't be。it指代"找工作"这件事，后接形容词difficult，用won't be difficult。如果此处用 be going to 的否定，需写为 is not going to be hard，但在连锁推论语境中 won't be 更简洁自然。 36. are/is going to travel。We have been planning this trip for months!（我们已经计划好几个月了！）是整个短文中最强烈的"计划已久"信号。have been planning是现在完成进行时，表示"从过去到现在一直在计划"，这个时间跨度本身就证明了这是事先安排而非临时起意。这正是be going to的经典语境。如果此处填will travel，语法没错，但会显得和前面have been planning for months的强烈计划语气不协调——都计划几个月了，还用will就太随意了，填 will be 也可接受，但 are going to be 更能体现'有据可依'的语感。 37. will visit。本句描述在北京期间的具体行程——"我们要去参观长城和故宫"。这是在已确定的旅行计划框架下的具体安排，用will visit即可。前面已有are going to travel确立了整体计划的基调，此处是计划的细分项，没有新的语境线索要求必须再用be going to。英语中同一段落内be going to和will交替使用是完全正常的。 38. are going to take。破折号后的she has already booked the tickets online（她已经网上订好票了）是关键证据——票已买，安排已定，这正是be going to"表示已安排好的计划"的典型语境。already booked是完成时，表示动作已完成，其结果（有票了）作为"即将坐高铁"的客观依据。be going to在此比will更能体现"一切就绪"的确定感。 39. will be。比较高铁和开车哪个更快——这是基于客观事实的一般性判断，属于主观预测，用will be。妈妈不是在看到高铁驶来后说"这比开车快"，而是在陈述一个普遍性的比较结论。be going to需要有眼前迹象，此处不具备。 40. shall。日记作者向朋友Tom提议——"我们出发前一起多了解些古建筑知识好吗？"主语we，提议做某事，用shall。上下文中有明确的提议线索：so（既然我想看古建筑，那我们一起去了解吧），答语He agreed at once证明这是在征求同意。We both love history说明两人都对历史感兴趣，这个提议非常自然。此空是整篇短文唯一考察shall的设空。 41. will live。I hope后接宾语从句，表达对未来的美好愿望——"我希望将来生活在一个有清新空气和蓝天白云的城市"。hope表达的是一种期许和愿望，不是已经安排好的计划（没有说"我已决定/打算搬去某城市"），因此用will live。be going to live意味着"已经计划好要去那里生活"，与hope的"愿望"语气不符。 42. will be。I am sure表达主观确信——"我确信未来充满惊喜"，是对未来的乐观预测。as long as引导条件状语从句用一般现在时（hold on to...move forward），主句用将来时will be，符合"主将从现"规则。这句话是全文的收尾，呼应开头的"I truly believe technology will make the world a better place"，首尾都是will表主观信念，结构圆合。 —— 讲义结束 —— 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法专题讲义3：一般将来时（Simple Future Tense） 【学习目标】 1. 掌握一般将来时的两种表达方式：will/shall + 动词原形 和 be going to + 动词原形。 2. 能正确运用 will 和 be going to 的肯定句、否定句和疑问句结构。 3. 理解 There will be 以及 There is/are going to be 句型的用法，能描述将来的存在状态。 4. 能区分 be going to（计划打算/迹象推测）和 will（临时决定/意愿/预测）的不同使用场景。 5. 掌握 shall 用于第一人称表提议或征求意见的用法。 一、will 的基本用法 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future 等时间状语连用。 结构：主语 + will + 动词原形 · 肯定句：We will come to see you next week. 我们下周会来看你。 · 否定句：Some jobs today will not (won't) disappear. 如今的一些工作不会消失。 · 一般疑问句：Will people live in outer space? 人们将来会住在外太空吗？ · 特殊疑问句：What will your life be like in 20 years? 20年后你的生活会是什么样？ 在口语中，will 常缩略为 'll，will not 常缩略为 won't。 will 的用法说明： · 表示对未来的预测（常与 I think, I believe, probably, maybe 等连用）：I think people will live longer in the future. 我认为未来人们会更长寿。 · 表示说话时临时做出的决定：— The phone is ringing. — I'll answer it. — 电话响了。— 我来接。 · 表示意愿或承诺：I will tell you all about it. 我会把一切都告诉你。 【典例】 — What ________ the future be like? — Cities ________ more crowded. A. will; will be B. will; are C. does; will be D. is; are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：未来将会是什么样子的？——城市会更加拥挤。询问将来的事情用 will，答句用 will + 动词原形。 【即练1】 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) I ________ (visit) my grandparents next Sunday. (2) Robots ________ (help) us with housework in the future. 2. 句型转换。 (3) She will go to the museum tomorrow. （改为否定句） She ________ ________ to the museum tomorrow. (4) Will they arrive at 5 o'clock? （作肯定回答) Yes, ________ ________. ⚠ 易错提醒：will 后必须用动词原形，不能加 s/ed/ing；一般疑问句把 will 提到主语前。 ❌ He wills come tomorrow. ✅ He will come tomorrow. ❌ Will he comes tomorrow? ✅ Will he come tomorrow? 二、There will be 句型 结构：There will be + 名词 + 其他 · 肯定句：There will be more challenging jobs in the future. 将来会有更多有挑战性的工作。 · 否定句：There won't be enough food. 将不会有足够的食物。 · 一般疑问句：Will there be more robots? 会有更多的机器人吗？ 此外，There be 句型也可用 There is/are going to be 表示将来： · There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 明天将有一场会议。 · There are going to be more parks in the city. 这座城市将会有更多公园。 注意：无论哪种形式，都不能与 have 混用，不可说 There will have 或 There is going to have。 【典例】 ________ a concert in our school hall next Friday. A. There will have B. There is going to have C. There will be D. There has 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下周五我们学校礼堂将有一场音乐会。There be 句型的一般将来时是 There will be 或 There is/are going to be，不能与 have 混用。B项中的 have 是错误形式，正确应为 There is going to be。 【即练2】 1. 用 There will be 或 There won't be 填空。 (1) ________ more people in cities in 2050. (2) ________ enough clean water if we don't protect it. 2. 单项选择。 ( )（3） ________ a sports meeting in our school next month. A. There are B. There will have C. There is D. There will be ⚠ 易错提醒：表达“某地将有……”用 There will be 或 There is/are going to be，不可用 There will have 或 There is going to have。 ❌ There will have a new library in our school. ✅ There will be a new library in our school. ❌ There is going to have a meeting tomorrow. ✅ There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 三、shall 的用法 主语为 I 或 we 时，可用 shall 表示将来，常用于提议或征求意见。 · 提议：Shall we go to see the sci-fi film? 我们去看科幻电影好吗？ · 征求意见：What shall I do next? 我下一步该做什么？ 在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，也可用 shall 表达比较正式的将来。但在口语中，所有人称都可以用 will。 ※补充：在正式书面语中，shall 可用于第一人称表示纯粹的将来，如 I shall write you a letter next month.（我下个月会给你写信。）但此用法在口语中已较少见，学生了解即可。 【典例】 — ________ we go to the park this afternoon? — Good idea! A. Will B. Shall C. Are D. Do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我们今天下午去公园好吗？——好主意！we 作主语，提议做某事用 Shall we...? 【即练3】 1. 单项选择。 （ )（1） — ________ I help you carry the box? — It's so kind of you. A. Will B. Shall C. Am D. Do 2. 补全对话，用 shall 或 will 填空。 (2) — What ________ we do this weekend? — ________ we go cycling? ⚠ 易错提醒：shall 仅用于第一人称 I/we，第二、三人称不能用 shall。 ❌ Shall he go with us? ✅ Will he go with us? ❌ They shall arrive soon. ✅ They will arrive soon. 四、be going to 的用法 结构：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 用法一：表示 计划、打算、决定要做的事。 · I'm going to read more books about IT and AI. 我打算读更多关于IT和人工智能的书。 · She is hungry. She is going to make a sandwich. 她饿了。她打算做个三明治。 · What are you going to do tonight? 你今晚打算做什么？ 常与 want to do, plan to do, hope to do, decide to do 等不定式结构配合使用。 用法二：表示 根据客观迹象作出的推测（说话时已有证据表明某事即将发生）。 · Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain. 看那些乌云！快要下雨了。 · The boy is running too fast. He is going to fall. 那个男孩跑得太快了，他快要摔倒了。 【典例】 — What's your plan for the new term? — I ________ study harder and get better grades. A. go to B. am going to C. will to D. going to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你新学期的计划是什么？——我打算更加努力学习，取得更好的成绩。根据问句的 plan 可知回答的是计划，用 be going to，主语 I 后用 am going to。 【即练4】 1. 单项选择。 ( )（1） My parents ________ buy a new house next year. A. is going to B. are going to C. going to D. will going to 2. 完成句子。 （2） 我打算长大后当一名医生。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ a doctor when I grow up. （3） 他们计划周末去参观博物馆。 They ________ ________ ________ ________ the museum this weekend. ⚠ 易错提醒：be going to 中的 be 动词要随主语人称变化（I am, You are, He/She/It is, We/They are）；going 后跟 to do，不能接其他形式。 ❌ He are going to visit his uncle. ✅ He is going to visit his uncle. ❌ She is going to plays tennis. ✅ She is going to play tennis. 五、be going to 与 will 的区别 对比点 be going to will 计划性 事先计划、打算 临时决定、意愿 预测依据 有客观迹象 主观判断/一般性预测 例句 Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. 看那些云！要下雨了。 I think it will rain tomorrow. 我觉得明天会下雨。 例句 I'm going to visit my aunt.（事先计划） — The phone is ringing. — I'll answer it.（临时决定） 【典例】 — The box is too heavy. I can't carry it. — Don't worry. I ________ you. A. am going to help B. will help C. helped D. help 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。——别担心，我来帮你。说话时临时决定帮忙，不是事先计划，用 will。 【即练5】 1. 单项选择。 （ ）(1) Look at the dark clouds! It ________ rain soon. A. is going to B. will C. was D. is 2. 选词填空。（用 be going to 或 will 填空） (2) — What are your plans for the holiday? — I ________ travel to Yunnan. (3) — I don't have any money. — No problem. I ________ lend you some. ⚠ 易错提醒：有客观迹象（如乌云、水滴）→ be going to；临时决定、意愿 → will；事先计划好的 → be going to。 ❌ Look at the clouds. It will rain. （明明看见了乌云） ✅ Look at the clouds. It 's going to rain. ❌ I will visit my grandma this weekend. I told her yesterday. （早有计划） ✅ I am going to visit my grandma this weekend. 综合过关训练 一、基础过关 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) — What are your plans for tonight? — I ________ (have) a party at home. I've already invited my friends. (2) — You always ride to school. Why are you taking the bus today? — My bike is broken, so I ________ (not go) by bike tomorrow either. (3) There ________ (be) a new bridge in the village soon. (4) ________ you ________ (come) to my birthday party this Sunday? (5) She ________ (be) fifteen years old next month. 2. 句型转换。 (6) Jim will visit the museum tomorrow. （改为一般疑问句） ________ Jim ________ the museum tomorrow? (7) They are going to have a picnic this Saturday. （改为否定句） They ________ ________ going to have a picnic this Saturday. (8) Will there be more trees in the park? （作肯定回答） Yes, ________ ________. (9) She is going to study abroad next year. （对划线部分提问） ________ is she going to ________ next year? (10) I plan to learn to play the piano. （用 be going to 改写） I ________ ________ ________ learn to play the piano. 二、能力提升 1. 单项选择。 ( )（11） — There ________ a basketball game next Monday. Will you go? — I'm not sure. Let me check my plan first. A. is going to be B. is going to have C. is D. will have ( )（12） — ________ we go for a walk after dinner? — Good idea. A. Will B. Do C. Are D. Shall ( )（13） — I have a terrible stomachache. — I ________ you to the hospital right away. A. take B. am going to take C. took D. will take ( )（14） — What are your New Year's resolutions? — I ________ take up a new hobby like painting. A. will B. am going to C. going to D. / （ )（15) — How ________ you ________ improve your English? — By reading more. A. are; going to B. will; going to C. are; / D. do; will 2. 选词填空。从方框中选择适当的词填空，注意形式。 will be going to shall (16) The weather forecast says it ________ be sunny tomorrow. (17) — What's your dream? — I ________ be a doctor and help sick people. (18) — ________ we order some pizza for dinner? — Great! (19) Look out! The glass ________ fall off the table. (20) — I forgot to bring my pen. — Don't worry. I ________ lend you mine. 3. 完形填空。 通读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 My name is David. I'm a fifteen-year-old student from London. Last month, my school held a Future Week. We were asked to imagine what life 21. ________ be like in 2050. At first, I thought it was just another school project, but it turned out to be one of the most unforgettable experiences of my life. Our first speaker was Dr. Miller, a famous scientist who studies future technologies. He told us that technology will change our lives greatly in the next thirty years. He showed us a short video about smart homes, and everyone was amazed. "Look at this smart fridge," he said, pointing at the screen. "It 22. ________ you what food you need to buy before you even realize it. See? The screen is already showing a shopping list!" He explained that in the near future, our lights 23. ________ on and off by themselves as soon as we enter or leave a room. "There 24. ________ robots in every home," he added with a smile. "They 25. ________ people with all kinds of housework—cleaning the floor, cooking meals, even taking care of the pets." He also said that the robots 26. ________ even smarter in the future—just look at how fast AI is developing now! "You will have more free time than ever before," he promised. Mrs. White, a career planner with over twenty years of experience, was the second speaker. She did not talk about machines; instead, she talked about people. She told us that some traditional jobs 27. ________ disappear in the coming years, just as they always have throughout history. However, she also said that new jobs we cannot even imagine today 28. ________ created. "Think about it," she said. "Twenty years ago, nobody had heard of a social media manager. Now it is a common job. The same thing will happen again and again." She looked around the room and spoke slowly, "The most important thing is to keep learning and stay curious. Nobody 29. ________ exactly what the future holds, and that is fine. But one thing is certain: if you work hard and never give up, you 30. ________ find your way." After Future Week, I could not stop thinking about everything I had heard. Some of my classmates felt worried—they were afraid that robots might take away too many jobs. But I felt different. I realized that the future is not something we should fear. It is something we can shape with our own hands. I do not know exactly what job I will do in 2050, but I know one thing: I will keep learning, keep asking questions, and keep moving forward. （ ）21. A. will B. is C. was D. has （ ）22. A. is going to tell B. told C. tells D. is telling （ ）23. A. turn B. turned C. are turning D. will turn （ ）24. A. will have B. is C. are going to have D. will be （ ）25. A. helped B. will help C. help D. are helping （ ）26. A. are going to get B. are getting C. got D. get （ ）27. A. are B. were C. will D. have （ ）28. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been （ ）29. A. is knowing B. knew C. has known D. knows （ ）30. A. are B. were C. will D. did 4. 短文填空。 根据短文内容，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 Dear Diary, Today was such an exciting day! Our teacher asked us to write about our future plans, and I have been thinking about this topic all evening. I have so many dreams, and the biggest one is to become an IT engineer. Ever since I wrote my first simple programme last year, I have fallen in love with coding. I truly believe technology 31. ________ (make) the world a better place in the future. When I talked to my parents about my dream, they were so happy. "We 32. ________ (support) you whatever you choose," they say. Their words made me feel so warm inside. Of course, becoming an engineer is not easy. I have already made up my mind: I 33. ________ (go) to a good university and study computer science. I know I must work very hard to achieve this goal. My cousin, who is already studying IT at university, told me that, according to his experience, there 34. ________ (be) more jobs in this field in the future, so it 35. ________ (not be) too difficult for me to find a good job after graduation. His advice gave me a lot of confidence. My parents have been planning a surprise for me—something really exciting is going to happen: my family 36. ________ (travel) to Beijing! We have been planning this trip for months! While we are there, we 37. ________ (visit) the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. I have seen photos of these places in textbooks, but I cannot wait to see them with my own eyes. Mum says we 38. ________ (take) the high-speed train instead of flying—she has already booked the tickets online. "It 39. ________ (be) much faster than driving, and you can enjoy the beautiful countryside along the way," she told me. I also asked my best friend Tom, "We both love history, so 40. ________ we learn more about the ancient buildings together before the trip?" He agreed at once, and we have already borrowed several books from the school library. In the long term, I hope I 41. ________ (live) in a city with clean air and blue sky. I want to walk to work every morning and see green trees along the streets. Maybe it sounds like a simple dream, but I truly believe it is worth working for. I am sure that as long as I hold on to my dreams and keep moving forward, the future 42. ________ (be) full of wonderful surprises. Yours, Li Hua —— 讲义结束 —— 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $