2027届高三英语一轮复习语法核心讲义:谓语动词VS非谓语动词精准判断精讲精炼 讲义

2026-07-16
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 41 KB
发布时间 2026-07-16
更新时间 2026-07-26
作者 Xiao32991255
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-07-16
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58832222.html
价格 1.50储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦谓语动词与非谓语动词核心考点,按“基础定义-难点突破-高阶应用-易错陷阱”逻辑架构知识体系,通过黄金规则梳理、四步做题流程指导、分层专项练习(基础+拔高)及真题超详精讲,帮助学生构建非谓语判断与应用的完整思维链,体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 资料创新采用“口诀记忆法”和“三步做题流程”,如通过“有谓无连用非谓”口诀强化基础判断,结合“独立主格结构逻辑主语匹配”等策略突破难点,培养学生思维品质与学习能力。设置即时反馈的分层练习,确保学生高效掌握考点,为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

内容正文:

2027高三英语一轮复习语法核心讲义 谓语动词VS非谓语动词 一、非谓语做题规则 黄金规则: 一个简单句,有且只能有一套谓语。无连词、无从句引导词,第二个动词必须变非谓语。 四步做题流程 1. 找主句主语 2. 检查本句是否已有谓语(时态/被动/情态/完成) 3. 检查两动词之间有无合法连接(and/but/or/when/that/which等) 4. 有连词=可加谓语;无连词=禁止谓语,必用非谓语 做题口诀 有谓无连用非谓,主动进行doing追; 被动完成done配对,目的将来to do随; 整句无谓时态堆,连词成对谓语归。 二、基础定义:谓语 VS 非谓语 (一)谓语动词:句子主干 核心特征:体现时态、语态、三单、情态,能独立作句子谓语,在“讲述一件发生在某时间的事”。 谓语形态(出现任意一个=谓语) · 一般时态:do / does / did 被动时态:am/is/are/was/were + done · 完成时态:have / has / had done 被动时态:have/has/had been + done · 情态谓语:can/should/must/will + 动词原形 被动时态:can/should/must/will be + done (二)非谓语动词:修饰成分 核心特征:无语法时态(无时态变形)、无三单变化、不能单独作谓语;仅存在逻辑时间关系,时间逻辑依附主句谓语,只负责修饰名词、句子或充当名词性成分。 非谓语基本形态: to do:表目的、将来、意外结果 doing:主动、进行、伴随、自然结果 done:被动、完成、状态 例句 (1)He came here to learn English.(to do 目的) (2)Reading books is helpful.(doing 主语) (3)Seen from the hill, the park is beautiful.(done 被动状语) 三、高考难点:谓语被动 VS 非谓语done 误区:看到被动含义就填 was/were done,造成双谓语病句。 1. 区分公式 谓语被动 = be + done(有be、有时态、做主干) 非谓语被动 = 单独done(无be、无时态、只修饰) 2. 例句 ① The book was written by Lu Xun.(谓语被动) 解析:整句无其他动词,was为be动词,承担时态,是句子主干。 ② The book written by Lu Xun is popular.(非谓语done) 解析:主句已有真正谓语is,无连词,不能再加谓语;written仅作后置定语。 3. 考试陷阱 ❌ 错误:The bridge was built last year looks great.(双谓语) ✅ 正确:The bridge built last year looks great.(built非谓语修饰主语) 定律:句子已有谓语,被动绝对不能用be done,只能用done。 四、难点:现在分词doing VS 过去分词done 1. 判定口诀 doing = 主句主语主动、正在、同步 done = 主句主语被动、已经完成、状态 2. 三非谓语三大成分精准剖析(定语/状语/伴随) 一、 状语区分(Adverbial) 状语修饰整个句子或谓语动词,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等。核心考点:逻辑主语必须是句子的主语! 1. 主动 vs 被动 Doing:逻辑主语是动作的发出者。 Walking in the park, he met an old friend.(他主动走) Done:逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.(小镇被看) 2. ⚠️ 知识拓展:时间先后关系(Doing vs Having done) 考试难点:当非谓语动作明显发生在谓语动词之前时,必须用完成式: Doing:与谓语同时发生或一般性动作。 Hearing the news, she cried.(听到消息和哭几乎同时) Having done:在谓语动作之前已经完成。 Having finished his homework, he went out to play.(先写完作业,后出去玩。不能用 Finishing) Having been done:被动 + 在谓语之前完成。 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.(已经被告诉过多次了,他还是犯错) 二、 定语区分(Attributive) 定语修饰名词。核心考点:除了主被动,还要看“正在进行”还是“将来/完成”。 1. 前置定语(单个词放在名词前) Doing:表主动、正在进行或常态。 a sleeping boy(正在睡的男孩) boiling water(正在沸腾的水) Done:表被动、已经完成。 a broken cup(被打碎的杯子) the invited guests(被邀请的客人) 2. ⚠️ 知识拓展:后置定语(短语放在名词后) 当非谓语带有宾语或状语时,必须后置。此时要加入“将来”的概念: To do:表将来、目的、或“被要求/被安排去做”。 The next train to arrive will be from London.(下一列将要到达的火车。不能用 arriving) I have a lot of work to do.(我有许多工作要做) Doing:表主动、正在进行。 The girl standing under the tree is my sister.(正站在树下的女孩) Done:表被动、已经完成。 The house built last year is very big.(去年建的房子) 3. ⚠️ 易错难点:特定名词的固定搭配 有些抽象名词(如 ability, chance, way, opportunity)后面习惯接 to do: He has no ability to solve the problem.(不能用 solving) 三、 伴随状语区分(Accompanying Adverbial) 伴随状语其实是状语的一种特殊形式,表示与谓语动词同时发生的次要动作或状态。 1. 核心判断标准 Doing:主语主动发出的伴随动作。 He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.(坐着,同时主动看报) Done:主语被动承受的伴随状态。 He sat in the chair, surrounded by fans.(坐着,处于被粉丝包围的状态) 2. ⚠️ 进阶难度:伴随 vs 结果 很多同学分不清“伴随”和“结果”,关键看逻辑关系: Doing 表伴随:两个动作地位平等,同时进行。 She walked along the street, humming a song.(走路和哼歌同时进行,伴随) Doing 表结果:后面的动作是前面动作自然而然导致的结果(常带有 so that 的意味)。 The child fell, striking his head against the door.(摔倒了,结果撞到了头。不能用 struck,因为撞头是摔倒的自然结果,且主语是主动撞) His parents died, leaving him an orphan.(父母双亡,结果留下他成了孤儿) 3. ⚠️ 进阶考点:With 复合结构 当伴随状语带有自己的逻辑主语时,变成 with 结构,这是最高频的考点: With + 宾语 + doing(主动/进行) With the boy leading the way, we found the house easily. With + 宾语 + done(被动/完成) With the problem solved, we went home happily. With + 宾语 + to do(将来/未发生) With so much homework to do, I can't go out to play.(作业还没做,不能出去玩) 3. 逻辑主语匹配原则 非谓语的主语 = 主句主语 ______ (see) from the hill, I find the park beautiful. 正确:Seeing(主语是人,主动看) ______ (see) from the hill, the park is beautiful. 正确:Seen(公园被看,被动) 五、拓展难点:三类高阶非谓语(高考拔高必考) 1. having done(主动完成:先做完,再做主句动作) Having finished his homework, he went out. 解析:前后动作存在严格先后顺序,“完成作业”为先、主动动作,因此必须用 having done,精准体现时间先后,不可用普通 done。 2. being done(正在被…:进行被动非谓语) The problem being discussed now is important. 解析:now 标明动作正在进行,problem 与 discuss 为被动关系。being done 是唯一能表达“正在被……”的非谓语结构,区别于普通 done(只表完成被动)。 3. 结果类非谓语(高考必考区分) doing:顺其自然、伴随产生的常规结果(意料之中) to do(only to do):出乎意料、遗憾、落空的反常结果(意料之外) He fell off the bike, breaking his leg.(自然结果) He hurried home, only to find nobody in.(意外落空) 六、高考六大易错陷阱 高频丢分重灾区,全部为高考原题考点。 陷阱1:双谓语必杀错(无连词叠加动词) ❌ He sat there cried. ✅ He sat there, crying. 有谓语sat,无连词,第二个动词必须非谓语。 陷阱2:谓语被动滥用 已有谓语的句子,永远不能填 was/were done。 ❌ 错误:The speech was given by the expert impressed me. (双谓语:was given/impressed,无连词,语法错误) ✅ 正确:The speech given by the expert impressed me. (impressed是主句谓语,被动修饰用非谓语done) 陷阱3:did(谓语过去式)≠ done(非谓语被动) did:过去式,纯正谓语,承载句子过去时态,作句子主干 done:过去分词,非谓语,无独立时态,仅表被动/完成状态,只能修饰、不能做主句谓语 谓语用法:He finished the work yesterday.(finished为did型谓语过去式) 非谓语用法:The work finished yesterday is useful. ✅(finished为非谓语done,表被动完成;is为真正主句谓语) ❌ (学生误以为finished是过去式谓语,造成双谓语错误) 陷阱4:介词后只认doing after / before / by / without / in + doing(绝对不用done/to do) ❌ 错误:Before finish homework, he didn’t go out. ✅ 正确:Before finishing homework, he didn’t go out. 陷阱5:有连词才可双谓语 ❌ I opened the door, saw a cat. ✅ I opened the door and saw a cat.(and并列双谓语合法) 陷阱 6:感官动词 see/hear/watch 主被动完整区分 主动语态两种结构 see sb do sth:看见某人完整做完全过程 see sb doing sth:看见某人正在做(片段、进行动作) ✅ We saw him play basketball.(目睹全程) ✅ We saw him playing basketball.(路过撞见正在打球) 被动语态对应规则(高考扣分核心) 原主动为 see sb do → 被动必须还原 to → be seen to do 原主动为 see sb doing → 被动不变,仍用 doing → be seen doing ✅ He was seen to play basketball.(被目睹完整打球过程) ✅ He was seen playing basketball.(被撞见正在打球) 七、高考必考的 3 大盲区 一:独立主格结构(逻辑主语不一致) 考点: 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语 ≠ 主句主语时,必须保留自己的主语,构成“名词/代词 + 非谓语”。 公式: 名词/代词 + doing / done / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrase 例句: ❌ Permitting, we will go hiking. (错误,weather 和主句主语 we 不一致,缺少独立主语) ✅ Weather permitting, we will go hiking. (独立主格,weather 主动发出 permit) ✅ The task finished, we went home. (独立主格,task 与 finish 被动完成) ✅ He being ill, we had to cancel the meeting. (being 不可省,表原因) 考场绝杀: 看到逗号前后主语不同,且无连词 → 必选独立主格,绝不选普通分词! 二:非谓语“固定搭配”必考 只接 to do: afford, agree, arrange, attempt, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish tend to, be likely to, be supposed to 只接 doing: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest can't help doing, can't stand doing, feel like doing to do vs doing 意义不同: remember/forget/regret to do (未做) vs doing (已做) stop to do (停下来去做) vs stop doing (停止正在做的事) try to do (努力做) vs try doing (尝试做) 三:特殊句型中的非谓语(高频陷阱) 1.There be 句型: ✅ There is a book lying on the desk. (lying 是定语,is 是谓语) ❌ There is a book lay on the desk. (双谓语错误) 2.It 形式主语/宾语: ✅ It is no use arguing with him. (固定句型,doing) ✅ I find it hard to get along with him. (to do 作真宾语) 3.祈使句 + and/or: ✅ Work hard, and you will succeed. (and 后是谓语) ✅ Work hard, or you will fail. (or 后是谓语) ❌ Work hard, succeeding. (错误,祈使句+逗号+分词,逻辑不通) 例句: (1)Time ______, we will visit the museum. (permit) 正确: permitting (独立主格,Time ≠ we) (2)I regret ______ you that your application was rejected. (inform) 正确: to inform (regret to do = 遗憾要去做,未做) (3)There ______ a lot of noise ______ from the next room. (be, come) 正确:is; coming (There be 句型,coming 作定语) (4)______ from space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (see) 正确: Seen (逻辑主语 earth,被动) (5)______ from space, I can see the earth clearly. (see) 正确: Seeing (逻辑主语 I,主动) 八、语法填空满分三步做题流程 括号内动词原形,严格按顺序判断 第一步:判谓语/非谓语 无谓语 → 填谓语(时态+语态+三单) 有谓语、无连词 → 必填非谓语 第二步:非谓语三选一 目的/将来/意外结果 → to do 主句主动、同步进行 → doing 主句被动、完成状态 → done 第三步:被动精准区分 缺主干、需要被动 → be done(谓语) 有主干、需要被动 → done / being done(非谓语) 一轮分层专项练习题(基础+拔高) 一、基础组(夯实判断逻辑) 1. He often ______ (go) to the library to study. 2. ______ (study) hard, you will make progress. 3. The building ______ (build) last year looks new. 4. I decided ______ (change) my bad habits. 5. She sat by the window, ______ (listen) to music. 二、拔高组(易错陷阱专项) 6. ______ (see) from the top, the city is amazing. 7. The teacher came in, ______ (follow) by some students. 8. He is the person ______ (inspire) me to keep moving. 9. ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play. 10. The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting now is important. 九、标准答案+逐题超详精讲 1. goes(谓语) 解析:句子无谓语,often一般现在时,主语he三单,填谓语。 2. Studying(非谓语doing) 解析:后半句有谓语will make,无连词;主语you主动学习,用doing作状语。 3. built(非谓语done) 解析:主句有谓语looks,building与build被动,done作后置定语。 4. to change(非谓语to do) 解析:固定搭配decide to do,不定式作宾语。 5. listening(非谓语doing) 解析:sat为谓语,无连词,主语主动听音乐,doing伴随状语。 6. Seen(非谓语done) 解析:主句主语city被眺望,被动关系,用done。 7. followed(非谓语done) 解析:老师被学生跟随,被动伴随,用done。 8. inspiring(非谓语doing) 解析:先行词 person 与 inspire 为主动关系,doing 作后置定语(等价于定语从句 who inspires me),表“激励人的人”。 9. Having finished(非谓语having done) 解析:主动动作先完成,再发生主句动作,先后顺序用完成式。 10. being discussed(非谓语being done) 解析:now提示正在进行,problem被讨论,进行被动非谓语。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2027届高三英语一轮复习语法核心讲义:谓语动词VS非谓语动词精准判断精讲精炼 讲义
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2027届高三英语一轮复习语法核心讲义:谓语动词VS非谓语动词精准判断精讲精炼 讲义
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2027届高三英语一轮复习语法核心讲义:谓语动词VS非谓语动词精准判断精讲精炼 讲义
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