内容正文:
非谓语动词-六大成分讲解
高三英语一轮复习
核心语法考点深度解析
学习目标:
1.精准区分不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词四类非谓语形式,掌握其基本用法与语态、时态变化。
2.熟练判断非谓语在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语六大成分,理清句法逻辑。
3.结合语境判断非谓语与逻辑主语的主动 / 被动、进行 / 完成、将来关系,规避高频易错点。
4.能在语法填空、翻译、写作等题型中灵活运用,攻克高考相关考点。
01.
非谓语动词 核心概念
02.
三种形式本质区别(含义 + 语态 + 时间)
03.
成分精讲:主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语 / 状语 / 宾补
04.
05.
高考真题精选
目录
Contents
写作精炼
01
PART.
非谓语动词:概念/形式
1. 定义
不能单独作句子谓语,丧失谓语动词功能,它们不是句子的核心动词,只是来‘打辅助’的。
在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语,
兼具【动词特征】+【名词 / 形容词 / 副词】属性。
一、核心概念
什么是非谓语?
一、核心概念
非谓语的主要形式有哪些?
to do 不定式
doing 现在分词
/ 动名词
done 过去分词
侧重:将来、目的、未发生、主观意愿、具体行为、主动
侧重:主动、正在进行、伴随状态、客观习惯、抽象行为
侧重:被动、已经完成、遭受、客观状态
非谓语形式 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式
不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been
done
-ing
形式 动名词 doing — having done being done having been
done
现在分词
-ed
形式 过去分词 — done
02
PART.
非谓语动词:六大基本成分
非谓语动词可以做哪些成分?
一、六大成分
作状语
作主语
作宾语
作表语
作定语
作宾补
① To do 不定式(具体、一次性、未来行为)
② doing 动名词(抽象、习惯、长期、泛指行为)
一、六大成分
1.作主语
1.To drop out of school now is not a good idea.
(具体的、一次性的动作)
2.Listening to English music helps me learn English at my free time.
(抽象的、习惯性的动作)
例
it 作形式主语
有时为避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,置于句首,而把真正的主语放后面。
1.It is essential for me to practice my oral English after class.
经常课后练习口语对我学习英语是至关重要的。
2.It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
一、六大成分
作主语
例
it 作形式主语常考句式
一、六大成分
作主语
1.it做形式主语,to do做真正主语:
①It is +adj. of you to do sth.做某事体现了什么样的特质
②It is +adj./n. for you to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样
③It takes (sb.) some time …to do…花费某人多就做某事
2.it做形式主语,doing做真正主语:
①It’s no use/no good/great fun doing sth. 没用/不好/有趣...
②it's useless/worthwhile doing sth.没有的/值得的
③It’s a waste of time/money doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱...
④There is no point doing sth. 没有意义...
只接 to do(愿望、计划、决定、承诺类):
ask, demand, plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do/try one’s best, make an attempt, learn, wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(希望;愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up one’s mind, offer(主动提出), apply, help, fail(不能;没有), prepare, pretend, refuse, happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)
一、六大成分
2.作宾语
只接doing的动词(习惯,忍受,避免,完成,建议类):
allow, permit, consider, suggest, advise, keep(on)(反复; 不停), finish, imagine, practise, understand, appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent, forbid, escape(避免), include, forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss, report(报道), admit, mind(介意), risk, can’t stand, burst out, feel like, insist on, delay, put off(推迟), give up, be busy, be worth
一、六大成分
作宾语
① to do 不定式作表语通常表示对主语的进一步说明。其主语通常为aim、choice、decision、dream、goal、idea、intention、plan、purpose、wish等,表“未来目标、职责、计划”。
② doing动名词作表语,多表示抽象或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容或性质; 现在分成:表事物性质:令人……(主动).
③ done过去分词: 表人主观感受:感到……(被动).
一、六大成分
3.作表语
例
1.My dream is to live a simple and happy life.
2. My teacher’s hobby is dancing.
3.what makes her so excited is the exciting news.
① to do 后置定语:将要发生、有待完成
② doing 后置定语:主动、正在进行、常态
③ done 后置定语:被动、已经完成
一、六大成分
4.作定语
例
1.I have many homework to do this evening.
2.The girl singing in the room is my sister.
3. There will be an activity aimed to improve our awareness of cultural confidence.
①被序数词、最高级或no、all、any、only、last、next等修饰的名词,常用不定式作定语。
②当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,
right,time,way等抽象名词或复合不定代词something、nothing,anything等时,常用不定式作后置定语
1.This is the best way to solve the problem at present.
2.She is the only person to know the truth.
3.He made a decision to study abroad after graduation.
只能用to do作后置定语情况
例
① to do :目的、结果、原因状语
1.I get up early to catch the bus.
2.I woke up to see everyone gone.
3.I’m happy to see you again.
② doing 状语:主动、伴随、原因、时间
1.He sat there, reading a book.
2.Walking past the shop, I saw a nice watch.
3.Being ill, she didn't go to school.
一、六大成分
5.作状语
例
例
③ done 状语:被动、原因、条件、完成、时间、伴随
一、六大成分
作状语
1.Seen from the top, the park looks beautiful.
2.Tired after work, he went to bed early.
3.The teacher entered the room, followed by some students.
①不定式:强调动作全过程、动作已结束、动作将要发生;表主动
1.Someone saw the thief enter the bank.
2.The teacher advised us to read more English books.
②现在分词 doing:强调动作正在进行/持续发生;主动(宾语主动发出动作)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room.
③过去分词 done:强调被动 + 完成;宾语承受动作(宾语是动作承受者)
I saw him beaten by the dog.
一、六大成分
6.作宾语补足语
例
例
例
03
PART.
核心解题技巧
1.She sat by the window, ________ (read) a novel quietly.
reading
V.1-谓语
V.2-非谓
主动/同时进行
主句
状语
2.The girl ______ (stand) under the tree is my classmate.
V.1-谓语
V.2-非谓
主动/同时进行
定语
名词
standing
3.I saw him ______ (enter) the classroom just now.
V.1-谓语
V.2-非谓
主动/全过程
宾语
补充说明
解析:see sb. do sth. 结构,省略 to 的不定式作宾补,表动作全过程
4.__________(finish) his homework, he turned on the computer __________(watch) a cartoon.
Having finished
to watch
V.1-非谓语
V.2-谓语
V.3-非谓语
先动作/主动
后动作
主动/将来-目的
步骤 1:判断谓语 / 非谓语(第一步必做)
一个简单句只有一套主谓,有谓语动词,空格一定用非谓语;
有 and/but/or 并列,才用并列谓语。
口诀:一句一谓,多谓必并列,无并列则非谓
步骤 2:找逻辑主语(判断主动 / 被动)
非谓语没有真正主语,默认逻辑主语 = 句子主语
逻辑主语 ↔ 动词:主动 → 用 doing / to do
逻辑主语 ↔ 动词:被动 → 用 done / being done / to be done
步骤 3:判断时间先后(时态)
同时 / 伴随:一般式(doing / done / to do)
非谓语动作先于主句谓语:完成式(having done / having been done)
步骤 4:结合句法功能(主 / 宾 / 表 / 定 / 状 / 宾补)确定形式
04
PART.
高考真题实战演练
1.(2025 全国一卷)
We hope 55 _____(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context…
答案:to present
解析:不定式作宾语(hope to do)”我们希望把抽象的围棋与 AI 用视觉化方式呈现……
2.(2025 全国二卷)
…denying me the chance 42___ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine…
答案:to discover
解析:抽象名词 chance 常用 to do 作定语。…… 让我没机会发现阳光的奇妙之一……
3.(2024 新课标 II 卷)
…visitors walking through the birthplace garden were often amazed 43 (find) the connection…
答案:to find
解析:不定式作原因状语(be amazed to do)
句意:游客常惊讶地发现两位大作家间的联系……
4.(2024 新课标 I 卷)
These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
答案:to give
解析:不定式作目的状语
句意:天暖时萼片张开,为了给内部植物光照和空气。
5.(2021 全国 II 卷)
…many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ______ (think) it is food.
答案:thinking
解析:现在分词伴随状语(主动)
句意:海洋动物吃塑料,误以为是食物。
6.(2021 新高考 I 卷)
But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ________ (astonish).
答案:astonished(注:此处为过去分词作宾补)
7.(2022 全国甲卷)
Located on the eastern coast of China, Qingdao is a beautiful city. We attended the meeting, ______ (hold) last week.
答案:held
解析:过去分词定语(被动 + 过去时间)
8.(2023 新课标 I 卷)
…______ (want) to connect with audiences, the director chose…
答案:wanting
解析:现在分词原因状语(主动)
句意:因为想贴近观众,导演选择……
05
PART.
写作演练
1.在紧急情况下保持冷静是每位学生必备的能力。
To keep calm in emergencies is a necessary skill for every student.
易错点:不定式作主语表具体、一次性动作;动名词作主语多表泛指习惯。
2.他无法想象独自完成这项艰巨的任务。
He can't imagine finishing the tough task alone.
易错点:imagine /enjoy/avoid /practise 等动词后只接动名词,不接不定式。
3.我最大的愿望是将来投身教育事业。
My greatest wish is to devote myself to education in the future.
解析:不定式短语 to devote myself to education 置于系动词后作表语,解释主语具体内容;分词作表语多表主语特征 / 状态
4.摆在桌子上的那本旧书是爷爷留给我的礼物。
The old book lying on the desk is a gift from my grandfather.
解析:现在分词短语 lying on the desk 作后置定语,book 与 lie 为主动、进行关系。
5.我们都被她的善良深深打动,决定伸出援手。
Deeply moved by her kindness, all of us decided to help her.
解析:过去分词短语作原因状语,逻辑主语 all of us 与 move 为被动关系。
6.老师鼓励我们勇敢地面对学习中的困难。
The teacher encouraged us to face difficulties in study bravely.
解析:不定式 to face difficulties... 作宾语补足语。
易错点:encourage/ask/want 等后接 sb. to do;see/hear 等感官动词分 sb. do(全过程)/sb. doing(进行)。
Thank you!
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