Unit 6 The art of the brush 暑假预习讲义2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级上册

Unit 6 The art of the brush --- 暑假预习讲义 01 课前导学 关键词 内容 学习目标 1. 能够正确使用who, which, that引导的限制性定语从句。 2. 能够掌握关系代词who, which, that的用法区别。 3. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇（calligraphy, brush, ink, artistic, characteristic, stroke, pressure, pride等）。 4. 能够了解中国书法和绘画艺术并描述自己喜爱的画家。 学习重点 1. 限制性定语从句的定义和功能。 2. 关系代词who（指人）、which（指物）、that（指人或物）的用法。 3. 中国书法和绘画的相关词汇。 4. 描述艺术作品的表达。 学习难点 1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语和宾语时的区别。 2. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略的规则。 3. 限制性定语从句中关系代词的选择。 4. 定语从句在句中的位置及与先行词的关系。 02 核心词汇预览 1. calligraphy n. 书法 2. brush n. 毛笔；刷子 3. ink n. 墨水 4. artistic adj. 艺术的 5. characteristic n. 特征 6. stroke n.（书法或绘画的）一笔，一划 7. pressure n. 心理压力；压力 8. pride n. 自豪，骄傲 9. calligrapher n. 书法家 10. brushwork n. 画法，笔触 11. landscape n. 风景，景色 12. background n. 背景 13. empty adj. 空的 14. imagination n. 想象力 15. technique n. 技巧，技法 16. method n. 方法，办法 17. concentrate v. 集中（注意力） 18. pleasure n. 快乐，满足 19. benefit n. 益处，好处 20. character n. 文字 21. form n. 形式 22. date v. 追溯到（与back连用） 23. present v. 展现 24. appear v. 出现 25. doorway n. 门口，门道 26. couplet n. 对联 27. breath n. 呼吸的空气 28. mud n. 泥 29. bowl n. 碗，钵 30. pond n. 池塘 31. canvas n. 画布 03 核心短语预览 1. date back to 追溯到 2. give it a try 试一试 3. take pleasure in 从……中获得乐趣 4. concentrate on 集中注意力（做某事） 5. under pressure 承受着压力；被迫 6. take pride in 以……为豪 7. in one's doorway 在某人的门口 8. at home and abroad 在国内外 9. pick up 拿起，捡起 10. put up 张贴，挂起 11. sit still 坐着不动 12. over time 随着时间的推移 13. in general 大体上；总的说来 14. leave room for 给……留出空间 15. be famous for 因……而闻名 16. be known as 作为……而闻名 17. up close 近距离地 18. as often as possible 尽可能经常地 04 重点句型预览 1. Through the power of the brush, a universe on paper unfolds. 通过毛笔的力量，一个宇宙在纸上展开。 2. I watch closely as the tip of my brush meets the paper. 我仔细地看着我的笔尖触到纸上。 3. I am pleased with my work as I finish the final stroke with care. 当我小心地完成最后一笔时，我对自己的作品感到满意。 4. My love of calligraphy began when my father took me to a museum. 我对书法的热爱始于父亲带我去博物馆的那次经历。 5. To me, looking at ancient calligraphy was like looking at beautiful pictures. 对我来说，欣赏古代书法就像欣赏美丽的图画。 6. They caught my interest and I decided to give it a try myself the very same day. 它们引起了我的兴趣，就在那一天，我决定自己尝试一下。 7. I could hardly sit still for more than a few minutes！ 我几分钟就坐不住了！ 8. Over time, I learnt how to concentrate on my task, and I took pleasure in producing better work. 随着时间的推移，我学会了如何专注于我的任务，我从创作出更好的作品中获得了乐趣。 9. Learning calligraphy has undoubtedly helped me develop my ability to focus and taught me the importance of patience. 学习书法无疑帮助我培养了专注力，也教会了我耐心的重要性。 10. Calligraphy is an artistic form of Chinese characters that is admired by many people at home and abroad. 书法是一种被国内外许多人欣赏的汉字艺术形式。 11. There are different writing styles, but each has its own characteristics and beauty. 有不同的书写风格，但每种都有其独特的特点和美感。 12. When I am writing, I can often feel my breath slow down and my mind get quiet. 当我写字时，我经常能感觉到我的呼吸变平缓了，我的思绪变得平静。 13. Whenever I feel down or under pressure, I pick up my brush and start writing. 每当我感到沮丧或有压力时，我就拿起毛笔开始写。 14. Practising calligraphy always makes me feel better. 练习书法总是让我感觉更好。 15. A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush. 书法家是用毛笔练习书写艺术的人。 16. The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 画这幅风景画的人非常有才华。 17. The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. 我在博物馆里最喜欢的那幅画是克劳德·莫奈的作品。 18. There are many fun stories about great calligraphers who lived in ancient China. 关于生活在中国古代的伟大书法家，有许多有趣的故事。 19. Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China. 书法是一种在中国非常流行的艺术形式。 20. It is a form of writing which dates back over 3,000 years. 它是一种有着3000多年历史的书写形式。 21. Traditional Chinese paintings are usually done with black and coloured ink, while many Western paintings often use more colourful oil paints. 传统中国画通常用墨和颜料绘制，而许多西方绘画常用色彩更丰富的油画颜料。 22. Traditional Chinese paintings may not require a background, and the empty space in the painting leaves room for imagination. 传统中国画可能不需要背景，画中的留白为想象留下了空间。 05 语法精讲与考点梳理 考点1：限制性定语从句的定义和功能 【定义】限制性定语从句是用来修饰某个名词（或代词）的句子，它紧跟在被修饰词之后，不能省略，因为省略后句子的意思就不完整或不明确。 【结构公式】 先行词 + 关系代词/关系副词 + 定语从句 【用法分类】 用法一：修饰人 例句：A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush. （若去掉定语从句who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush，句子变成A calligrapher is someone，意思不明确。） 用法二：修饰物 例句：The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. （若去掉定语从句that I loved the most in the museum，句子变成The painting was by Claude Monet，不知道是哪一幅画。） 【要点详解】 限制性定语从句不能省略，因为它包含重要信息，用于确定是哪一个（或哪一类）人/物。 被修饰的词叫"先行词"（antecedent）。 关系代词有：who（指人）、which（指物）、that（指人或物）。 【练习1】判断下列句中哪部分是定语从句，并指出先行词。 （1）The person who painted this landscape is very talented. （2）The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. （3）Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China. 【答案】 (1) The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 1. 先行词：The person 2. 定语从句：who painted this landscape (2) The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. 1. 先行词：The painting 2. 定语从句：that I loved the most in the museum (3) Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China. 1. 先行词：an art form 2. 定语从句：that is very popular in China 考点2：关系代词who的用法 【定义】who是关系代词，用于指代先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 【用法分类】 用法一：who在从句中作主语 （从句中缺少主语时，用who充当主语） 例句：A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush. （who在从句中作主语，指代someone） 例句：There are many fun stories about great calligraphers who lived in ancient China. （who在从句中作主语，指代calligraphers） 用法二：who在从句中作宾语 （从句中缺少宾语时，who作宾语，此时也可用whom） 例句：The man who I met yesterday is a calligrapher. （who在从句中作met的宾语，指代the man） 【要点详解】 who在从句中作主语时，不能省略。 who在从句中作宾语时，在非正式英语中可以省略。 作宾语时，who可以用whom代替（whom是宾格形式，更正式）。 考点3：关系代词which的用法 【定义】which是关系代词，用于指代先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 【用法分类】 用法一：which在从句中作主语 （从句中缺少主语时，用which充当主语） 例句：Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China. （which在从句中作主语，指代form） 例句：It is a form of writing which dates back over 3,000 years. （which在从句中作主语，指代form） 用法二：which在从句中作宾语 （从句中缺少宾语时，which作宾语，可以省略） 例句：The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. （that/which在从句中作loved的宾语，指代painting） 【要点详解】 which在从句中作主语时，不能省略。 which在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。 which指物，不能指人。 考点4：关系代词that的用法 【定义】that是关系代词，既可以指人，也可以指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 【用法分类】 用法一：that指人（相当于who） 例句：The man that I met yesterday is a calligrapher. （that指代the man，在从句中作宾语） 用法二：that指物（相当于which） 例句：The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. （that指代painting，在从句中作宾语） 例句：Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China. （that指代form，在从句中作主语） 【要点详解】 that既可以指人，也可以指物，用途最广。 that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 在定语从句中，that不能跟在介词后面（介词后只能用which或whom）。 例句：This is the room in which I lived.（不能用that） 考点5：关系代词作宾语时的省略规则 【定义】在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词（who, which, that）在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。 【用法对比】 关系代词作主语：不能省略 例句：The person who painted this landscape is very talented.（who作主语，不能省略） 例句：Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China.（that作主语，不能省略） 关系代词作宾语：可以省略 例句：The painting (that/which) I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. （that/which作loved的宾语，可以省略） 例句：The man (who/whom) I met yesterday is a calligrapher. （who/whom作met的宾语，可以省略） 【要点详解】 判断关系代词在从句中作主语还是宾语的方法是：看从句中是否已经有主语。若从句中缺少主语，则关系代词作主语；若从句中已有主语（或谓语动词是及物动词但缺少宾语），则关系代词作宾语。 【练习1】判断下列句中关系代词是否可以省略。 （1）The person who painted this landscape is very talented. （2）The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. （3）The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. （4）The man who lives next door is a calligrapher. 【答案】 (1) The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 从句：who painted this landscape who 在从句中作主语 → 不可省略 (2) The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. 从句：that I loved the most that 在从句中作loved的宾语 → 可以省略 (3) The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 从句：which I bought yesterday which 在从句中作bought的宾语 → 可以省略 (4) The man who lives next door is a calligrapher. 从句：who lives next door who 在从句中作主语 → 不可省略 考点6：限制性定语从句中关系代词的选择 【定义】根据先行词是人还是物，以及关系代词在从句中充当的成分，选择恰当的关系代词。 【用法对比】 who：指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句：The artist who painted this picture is famous.（作主语） which：指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句：This is the book which I read yesterday.（作宾语） that：指人或物，作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句：The man that lives next door is kind.（指人，作主语） 例句：The book that I read is interesting.（指物，作宾语） 【要点详解】 当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that。 例句：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词常用that。 例句：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 【练习1】选择恰当的关系代词填空。 （1）The man ______ lives next door is a calligrapher.（who/which） （2）The book ______ I read is very interesting.（who/that） （3）The painting ______ is on the wall is very beautiful.（that/who） （4）He talked about the teachers and schools ______ he had visited.（that/which） 【答案】 （1）who 先行词the man是人，关系代词用who；which只能指代事物。 句意：住在隔壁的男士是一名书法家。 （2）that 先行词the book是物，who指代人，故选that。 句意：我读的这本书很有趣。 （3）that 先行词the painting是物品，who指代人，用that。 句意：墙上那幅画很美。 （4）that 先行词同时包含人（teachers）和物（schools），只能用that，不能用which。 句意：他谈起了他拜访过的老师和学校。 06 重点归纳 一、限制性定语从句的结构 （1）先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+ 关系代词 + 定语从句。 （2）限制性定语从句不能省略。 二、关系代词对比 （1）who：指人，作主语或宾语。 （2）which：指物，作主语或宾语。 （3）that：指人或物，作主语或宾语。 三、关系代词的省略规则 （1）作主语时：不能省略。 （2）作宾语时：可以省略。 四、限制性定语从句的位置 （1）紧跟先行词之后。 （2）先行词在从句中的位置由关系代词替代。 07 过关检测 一、单项选择（共12题） 1. A calligrapher is someone ______ practises the art of writing beautifully. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. The painting ______ I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 3. Calligraphy is an art form ______ is very popular in China. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 4. It is a form of writing ______ dates back over 3,000 years. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 5. There are many stories about great calligraphers ______ lived in ancient China. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 6. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 7. The man ______ lives next door is a calligrapher. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 8. This is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read. A. which B. who C. whom D. that 9. The person ______ painted this landscape is very talented. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 10. The painting ______ he painted is very beautiful. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 11. He talked about the teachers and schools ______ he had visited. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 12. The technique ______ she uses is very creative. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 二、合并句子（用关系代词who, which或that）（共4题） 1. This is the book. I bought it yesterday. 2. The man is a calligrapher. He lives next door. 3. The painting is very beautiful. It is on the wall. 4. The artist is very famous. He painted this picture. 三、判断下列句子中关系代词是否可以省略，并说明理由（共4题） 1. The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 2. The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. 3. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 4. The man who lives next door is a calligrapher. 四、完成句子（共6题） 1. 书法家是用毛笔练习书写艺术的人。 A calligrapher is someone ______ ______ the art of writing beautifully with a brush. 2. 在中国书法是一种非常流行的艺术形式。 Calligraphy is an art form ______ ______ very popular in China. 3. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 This is the most interesting book ______ I ______ ever ______. 4. 住在隔壁的那个人是一位书法家。 The man ______ ______ next door is a calligrapher. 5. 我昨天买的书非常有趣。 The book ______ I ______ yesterday is very interesting. 6. 画这幅画的人非常有才华。 The person ______ ______ this picture is very talented. 五、将下列句子翻译成英文（共3题） 1. 练习书法需要很多注意力。 2. 这本书帮助我培养了专注力。 3. 书法是一种被国内外许多人欣赏的汉字艺术形式。 参考答案 一、单项选择 1. B（who指人，作主语） 2. C（that指物，作宾语） 3. C（that指物，作主语） 4. C（which指物，作主语） 5. B（who指人，作主语） 6. A（which指物，作宾语） 7. B（who指人，作主语） 8. D（先行词被最高级修饰，用that） 9. B（who指人，作主语） 10. C（that指物，作宾语） 11. C（先行词既有人又有物，用that） 12. C（that指物，作宾语） 二、合并句子 1. This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday. 2. The man who lives next door is a calligrapher. 3. The painting that/which is on the wall is very beautiful. 4. The artist who painted this picture is very famous. 三、判断下列句子中关系代词是否可以省略 1. 不能省略。who在从句中作主语（从句中缺少主语）。 2. 可以省略。that在从句中作loved的宾语（从句中已有主语I）。 3. 可以省略。which在从句中作bought的宾语（从句中已有主语I）。 4. 不能省略。who在从句中作主语（从句中缺少主语）。 四、完成句子 1. who practises 2. that is 3. that; have; read 4. who lives 5. that/which; bought 6. who painted 五、将下列句子翻译成英文 1. Practising calligraphy requires a lot of attention. 2. This book has helped me develop my ability to focus. 3. Calligraphy is an artistic form of Chinese characters that is admired by many people at home and abroad. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $