Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害（单元阅读精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“自然灾害”主题为核心，通过外刊精读、词汇拓展、长难句分析及真题演练，系统构建语言能力与跨文化意识，融合思维品质培养的专项训练。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊精读|1篇原文|英汉对照科普文|从自然灾害定义到防治措施，构建主题认知框架| |词汇延伸|2类24词|灾害/救援类词汇|核心词（extreme等）→拓展词（tsunami等），形成主题词网| |长难句分析|2句|并列句/被动语态|解析科普文本句式特征，提升复杂语篇理解能力| |综合实战|8篇（5阅读+2七选五+1完形）|多体裁（说明/记叙/议论）|从单一灾害（地震/野火）到综合救援，层层递进训练语言技能与文化意识|

Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害 单元阅读精练 单元主题： 主题一、外刊精读原文 单元主题：Natural Disasters 自然灾害 主题一、外刊精读原文 Natural disasters are extreme, sudden events caused by environmental factors that severely damage human life, property and social order. Common natural disasters include earthquakes, floods, wildfires, typhoons and droughts. They are unavoidable natural phenomena, but their destructive impacts can be greatly reduced through scientific prevention, accurate early warning and proper emergency response. In recent years, with global climate change, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters around the world have increased significantly. Extreme weather events occur more frequently, threatening the safety of people in disaster-prone areas. However, human beings have never stopped fighting against natural disasters. Governments at all levels have built complete disaster prevention and mitigation systems. Ordinary people have also raised their awareness of self-rescue and mutual rescue. Unity, courage and scientific coping methods have become the most powerful weapons against natural disasters. 自然灾害是由环境因素引发的极端突发性事件，会严重危害人类生命、财产安全与社会秩序。常见的自然灾害包括地震、洪水、野火、台风和干旱。它们是无法避免的自然现象，但通过科学预防、精准预警和妥善的应急处置，其破坏性影响可以大幅降低。 近年来，随着全球气候变化，全球自然灾害的发生频率和强度显著上升，极端天气事件频发，威胁着灾害高发地区民众的生命安全。但人类与自然灾害的抗争从未停止。各级政府搭建了完善的防灾减灾体系，普通民众的自救互救意识也不断提升。团结、勇气与科学的应对方式，成为人类对抗自然灾害最有力的武器。 1. extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 极端的；极度的 n. 极端 2. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的；骤然的 3. environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的 4. severely /səˈvɪəli/ adv. 严重地；严厉地 5. property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 财产；不动产 6. unavoidable /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl/ adj. 不可避免的 7. destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 8. prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/ n. 预防；防止 9. accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 精准的；准确的 10. emergency /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况；突发事件 11. mitigation /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. 减轻；缓解（灾害） 12. awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识；认识 【词汇延伸】 （一）灾害类核心词汇 1. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 2. flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；水灾 v. 淹没 3. wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. 野火；森林大火 4. typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 5. drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱 6. tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 7. landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡；泥石流 8. hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 （二）防灾救援类拓展词汇 1. early warning 预警 2. emergency response 应急响应 3. self-rescue and mutual rescue 自救互救 4. disaster-prone area 灾害高发区 5. climate change 气候变化 6. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n. & v. 损害；损毁 7. recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/ v. 恢复；康复 8. rebuild /ˌriːˈbɪld/ v. 重建；修复 长难句1： They are unavoidable natural phenomena, but their destructive impacts can be greatly reduced through scientific prevention, accurate early warning and proper emergency response. 句子结构： 本句为 but 连接的并列句。前半句为主系表结构，简单介绍自然灾害的属性；后半句为被动语态（can be greatly reduced），是句子核心重点。句末 through 引导介词短语，作方式状语，说明降低灾害影响的三种核心途径。 重难点解析： 1. 被动语态在科普类文本中高频使用，侧重客观事实，无主观主语； 2. scientific prevention, accurate early warning and proper emergency response 为并列名词短语，构成排比结构，句式工整； 3. phenomenon n. 现象（单数），复数形式为 phenomena（高频易错点）。 译文： 它们是无法避免的自然现象，但通过科学预防、精准预警和妥善的应急处置，其破坏性影响可以大幅降低。 长难句2： In recent years, with global climate change, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters around the world have increased significantly. 句子结构：主谓结构简单句。In recent years 为时间状语，with global climate change 为伴随状语，主语为并列名词 the frequency and intensity，谓语为 have increased。 重难点解析： 1. frequency（频率）、intensity（强度）为单元核心抽象名词，是读后续写、阅读理解高频词； 2. significantly 副词修饰动词 increase，表示“大幅增长”，是高考写作升级词汇。 译文：近年来，随着全球气候变化，全球自然灾害的发生频率和强度显著上升。 【高考真题链接】 （2024・新高考I卷・阅读理解C篇） Living in Alaska, we often witness the powerful forces of nature. Storms, heavy snows and strong winds are common. But nothing prepared me for the damage caused by the 2021 Chinook windstorm. Unlike regular winter storms, this extreme wind event brought hurricane-force winds to southern Alaska, destroying buildings, cutting power and blocking roads across the region. Before the storm arrived, local weather forecasters had issued an emergency warning. My family and I took the warning seriously and stocked up on food and water. Still, we had no idea how severe the storm would be. On the day of the storm, the wind screamed through the trees. We watched helplessly as trees fell like matchsticks, and power lines crashed to the ground. Within hours, our entire neighborhood lost electricity, and temperatures dropped rapidly. What surprised me most was the community’s quick response. Neighbors checked on elderly residents and families with young children. Local volunteers cleared fallen trees from roads to ensure safe travel. Power company workers worked around the clock in freezing temperatures to restore electricity. Everyone tried their best to help each other, turning a terrifying disaster into a display of human kindness and unity. This experience taught me a valuable lesson: natural disasters are uncontrollable, but human courage and unity can always help us overcome difficulties and rebuild our homes. 1. What do we know about the 2021 Chinook windstorm? A. It was a regular winter storm. B. It caused severe damage to southern Alaska. C. It hit Alaska without any warning. D. It was accompanied by heavy snow. 2. What did the author’s family do before the storm? A. They evacuated from their neighborhood. B. They asked neighbors for help. C. They prepared daily supplies in advance. D. They fixed broken buildings and roads. 3. Which word can best describe the local community? A. Warm-hearted. B. Self-centered. C. Creative. D. Independent. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Power of Nature B. A Terrible Windstorm in Alaska C. Lessons from Natural Disasters D. Kindness Shines Through Disaster 【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在阿拉斯加亲历2021年奇努克暴风灾害的经历，描述了风暴带来的严重破坏，重点展现了灾害面前邻里互助、志愿者无私奉献的温暖场景，诠释了灾难无情人有情、团结互助共渡难关的主旨。 答案解析： 1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 “this extreme wind event brought hurricane-force winds to southern Alaska, destroying buildings, cutting power and blocking roads across the region” 可知，这场极端暴风给阿拉斯加南部造成了严重的损毁。A选项与原文“Unlike regular winter storms”相悖；C选项与第二段首句气象部门提前发布预警不符；D选项文中未提及暴雪。故选B。 2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段 “My family and I took the warning seriously and stocked up on food and water” 可知，作者一家认真对待预警，提前储备了食物、水等日用品。A、B、D三项原文均无相关表述。故选C。 3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知，风暴过后邻居主动帮扶老人和孩童、志愿者清理道路、电力工人连夜抢修，整个社区互帮互助，十分暖心。warm-hearted 热心的；self-centered 自私的；creative 有创造力的；independent 独立的。故选A。 4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章前两段介绍暴风灾害的破坏力，核心段落第三段重点讲述灾难中人与人之间的善意与团结，尾段升华主旨：灾难不可控，但人性的温暖与团结能战胜困境。A、B仅为文章部分内容，片面；C范围过广；D“善意在灾难中闪耀”贴合全文核心主旨。故选D。 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 01 阅读理解 说明文 286 地震来临前的科学自救准备与避险技巧 Passage 02 阅读理解 说明文 342 全球野火频发的成因与生态防护措施 Passage 03 阅读理解 记叙文 328 志愿者参与洪水灾后救援与重建的暖心经历 Passage 04 阅读理解 说明文 335 台风预警系统的工作原理与防灾价值 Passage 05 阅读理解 议论文 308 青少年防灾安全教育的重要性与普及路径 Passage 06 七选五 说明文 225 干旱灾害对农业的影响及应对策略 Passage 07 七选五 夹叙夹议 240 自然灾害中的团队协作与互助精神 Cloze 08 完形填空 记叙文 385 小镇遭遇泥石流后全民自救互助的故事 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 Earthquakes are one of the most destructive and unpredictable natural disasters. Unlike floods or typhoons that can be predicted days in advance, earthquakes often strike suddenly, leaving people little time to react. However, mastering correct self-rescue skills can greatly improve the chance of survival during an earthquake. Before an earthquake comes, people can make simple preparations. Families should prepare an emergency survival kit, including bottled water, packaged food, a flashlight, a first-aid kit and a portable charger. These supplies can support people through the first 72 hours after an earthquake, which is known as the "golden rescue period". Besides, family members should discuss and confirm a safe meeting place in case they get separated during the disaster. When an earthquake hits, indoor residents should stay away from windows, heavy furniture and hanging objects. The safest way is to drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy table, and hold on until the shaking stops. Never rush to jump off buildings or take elevators. For outdoor people, move quickly to an open area away from buildings, trees and power lines to avoid being hit by falling objects. After the earthquake, avoid entering damaged buildings easily. Pay attention to aftershocks which may cause secondary disasters. Keep calm, wait for official rescue and actively help people around you in need. 1. What makes earthquakes different from floods and typhoons? A. They cause greater damage. B. They happen without early prediction. C. They strike more frequently. D. They affect wider areas. 2. What is included in the emergency survival kit? A. Fresh fruit and vegetables. B. A communication device charger. C. Warm clothes and blankets. D. A portable air conditioner. 3. What should indoor people do when an earthquake occurs? A. Hide beside the window. B. Run out of the room immediately. C. Take shelter under a firm table. D. Take the elevator to escape fast. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Aftershocks are less dangerous than main earthquakes. B. Damaged buildings are safe to enter after shaking. C. Secondary disasters may follow an earthquake. D. People should rescue others without waiting for help. 【导语】 说明文，介绍地震的突发性特点，详细讲解震前准备、震中避险、震后自救的科学方法，普及地震防灾自救知识。 答案解析: 1、B 细节题。根据第一段“Unlike floods or typhoons that can be predicted days in advance, earthquakes often strike suddenly”可知，地震无法提前预测，具有突发性，这是其与洪水、台风最大的区别。 2、B 细节题。根据第二段“including bottled water, packaged food, a flashlight, a first-aid kit and a portable charger”可知应急包包含便携充电器，其余选项原文未提及。 3、C 细节题。根据第三段“The safest way is to drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy table”可知，室内避险应躲在坚固的桌子下方。A、B、D均为错误避险方式。 4、C 推理题。根据最后一段“Pay attention to aftershocks which may cause secondary disasters”可知，余震可能引发次生灾害。A无对比依据；B与原文相悖；D表述错误，应等待官方救援、合理互助。 拓展栏目： 阅读策略：科普说明文采用“总-分”结构，分段对应“特点-准备-过程-后续”，精准定位题干关键词即可快速解题； 答题技巧：细节判断题优先匹配原文原句，排除常识性错误选项； 文化背景：全球通用地震自救“伏地、遮挡、手抓牢”原则，72小时黄金救援期是防灾救灾核心常识。 Passage 02 In recent decades, wildfires have become increasingly common natural disasters across the globe. From the forests of Australia to the mountains of California, large-scale wildfires have destroyed vast areas of woodland, killed countless wild animals and polluted the air seriously. Rising temperatures caused by global climate change are the main driver of the increase in wildfire frequency. Higher temperatures dry out soil and vegetation, making forests more flammable in dry seasons. Besides climate factors, human activities are another major cause of wildfires. Careless campfire use, abandoned cigarette ends and illegal burning of waste are the most common human-induced fire triggers. Statistics show that more than half of global wildfires are caused by human negligence rather than natural factors like lightning. Wildfires bring huge damage to ecosystems and human society. They destroy forest resources, break the balance of wildlife habitats and release massive harmful gases, worsening air pollution and global warming. To deal with this problem, governments and environmental organizations have taken effective measures. Regular forest patrols are carried out in dry seasons to remove hidden dangers. Public education on wildfire prevention is widely spread to raise people’s awareness. Meanwhile, advanced fire-fighting technologies and equipment are used to put out wildfires quickly and reduce losses. 1. What leads to more frequent wildfires mainly? A. Serious air pollution. B. Global climate warming. C. Decreasing forest areas. D. Frequent lightning activities. 2. Most global wildfires are caused by ____. A. natural lightning B. extreme dry weather C. human careless behavior D. rising soil temperature 3. What is the harm of wildfires? A. They improve soil quality. B. They destroy ecological balance. C. They reduce air pollution. D. They increase wildlife habitats. 4. What measure is taken to prevent wildfires? A. Cutting down dry woods regularly. B. Banning all outdoor activities in forests. C. Conducting regular forest safety checks. D. Reducing the use of modern fire-fighting equipment. 【导语】 说明文，介绍全球野火频发的现状、自然与人为两大成因、野火带来的生态危害，以及对应的防控防护措施。 答案解析 1、B 细节题。根据第一段“Rising temperatures caused by global climate change are the main driver of the increase in wildfire frequency”可知，全球气候变暖是野火频发的主要原因。 2、C 细节题。根据第二段“Statistics show that more than half of global wildfires are caused by human negligence”可知，大部分野火源于人类的疏忽行为。 3、B 细节题。根据第三段“They destroy forest resources, break the balance of wildlife habitats”可知，野火会破坏生态平衡，其余选项均与原文危害相悖。 4、C 细节题。根据第三段“Regular forest patrols are carried out in dry seasons to remove hidden dangers”可知，定期森林巡查、排查隐患是防控措施之一。A、B表述绝对，D与原文相悖。 拓展栏目： 阅读策略：成因类说明文，理清“现状-原因-危害-措施”逻辑链条，精准定位各段落核心； 答题技巧：主旨、细节题优先锁定段落首尾主旨句，排除绝对化表述选项； 文化背景：野火防控是全球生态保护重点工作，人为防火宣传是各国防灾教育的核心内容。 Passage 03 Last summer, continuous heavy rainfall hit a small mountain village in southern China, causing severe floods. The rising floodwater submerged roads, destroyed farmland and cut off the village’s connection with the outside world. Many villagers lost their homes and daily supplies, facing huge difficulties in life. As soon as the flood disaster occurred, a group of young volunteers rushed to the village to offer help. Among them was Li Hua, a college student who majored in social work. Despite the dangerous muddy roads and continuous rain, the volunteers carried drinking water, food and daily necessities to the disaster-stricken area on foot every day. They helped evacuate trapped elderly and children, cleaned up silt in the village and arranged temporary shelters for homeless villagers. The volunteer work was tough and tiring. They worked more than 12 hours a day, with little time to rest. Some of them got wet and caught cold, but no one chose to give up. What moved the villagers most was that the volunteers always put others’ needs first. They comforted anxious villagers patiently and encouraged everyone to cheer up and face the disaster bravely. After the flood receded, the volunteers stayed to help with post-disaster reconstruction. They helped repair damaged houses and restore farmland. With joint efforts of volunteers and villagers, the village gradually returned to normal. This experience made me realize that disaster is cruel, but human love and unity are powerful enough to defeat all difficulties. 1. What caused the flood in the mountain village? A. Broken river dams. B. Long-term heavy rain. C. Seasonal typhoon attack. D. Serious soil erosion. 2. What did the volunteers do in the disaster area? A. Rebuild schools immediately. B. Evacuate trapped villagers. C. Stop the continuous rainfall. D. Provide professional medical treatment. 3. Which word can describe the volunteers? A. Selfish and lazy. B. Brave and devoted. C. Cautious and shy. D. Careless and casual. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. The terrible damage caused by mountain floods. B. How to prevent summer flood disasters. C. Volunteers’ efforts in flood relief and reconstruction. D. Villagers’ independent fight against floods. 【导语】 记叙文，讲述南方山村遭遇洪水灾害后，青年志愿者不畏艰险奔赴灾区，开展救援帮扶、助力灾后重建的暖心故事，彰显灾难中的人间大爱与团结力量。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。根据首段“continuous heavy rainfall hit a small mountain village in southern China, causing severe floods”可知，持续暴雨引发了洪水灾害。 2、B 细节题。根据第二段“They helped evacuate trapped elderly and children”可知，志愿者协助疏散被困村民。A、D原文未提及，C不符合客观事实。 3、B 推理题。志愿者冒雨奔赴灾区、日夜劳作、无私奉献，体现了勇敢、敬业奉献的品质。其余选项均为负面词汇，与文意不符。 4、C 主旨题。全文围绕志愿者的抗洪救援、灾后重建工作展开，核心是志愿者的无私付出，A仅为背景，B未提及，D偏离文章主体。 Passage 04 Typhoons are strong tropical storms that often hit coastal areas in summer and autumn, bringing strong winds, heavy rain and huge waves. They are one of the most frequent natural disasters affecting coastal cities, causing great losses to local economy and people’s lives. However, with the development of modern science and technology, typhoon early warning systems have become increasingly mature, greatly improving regional disaster prevention capacity.The typhoon early warning system relies on meteorological satellites, radar monitoring and ground observation stations to collect real-time data of wind speed, rainfall and storm movement. Professional meteorologists analyze these data accurately to predict the track, strength and landing time of typhoons. According to the risk level, the system will release different levels of early warning signals to the public. Early warning is the first and most important step of typhoon prevention. Timely and accurate early warnings give governments and residents enough time to take preventive measures. Local governments can organize residents to evacuate dangerous areas, suspend outdoor activities and stop maritime operations in advance. Residents can store daily supplies, reinforce houses and avoid going out to reduce personal risks. Thanks to the perfect early warning system, most typhoon disasters can be effectively prevented and controlled. The casualty rate and economic losses caused by typhoons have dropped significantly in recent years. It fully proves that scientific and technological means are powerful weapons against natural disasters. 1. When do typhoons usually attack coastal areas? A. Spring and summer. B. Summer and autumn. C. Autumn and winter. D. Winter and spring. 2. What is the basis of the typhoon early warning system? A. Manual experience summary. B. Real-time meteorological data. C. Historical disaster records. D. Residents’ disaster feedback. 3. What is the function of typhoon early warnings? A. Stopping typhoons from landing. B. Providing time for disaster prevention. C. Reducing the strength of typhoons. D. Repairing disaster losses in advance. 4. What does the text mainly tell us? A. The formation principle of typhoons. B. The damage caused by typhoons. C. The value of typhoon early warning systems. D. Ways to survive typhoons outdoors. 【导语】 说明文，介绍台风的发生特点、台风预警系统的工作原理，重点阐述精准预警在防灾减灾中的重要价值，体现科技对防灾工作的支撑作用。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。根据首段“hit coastal areas in summer and autumn”可知，台风多在夏秋季节侵袭沿海地区。 2、B 细节题。根据第二段“collect real-time data of wind speed, rainfall and storm movement”可知，预警系统依托实时气象数据开展工作。 3、B 细节题。根据第三段“Timely and accurate early warnings give governments and residents enough time to take preventive measures”可知，预警的核心作用是为防灾避险预留充足时间。A、C、D均不符合客观事实。 4、C 主旨题。全文围绕台风预警系统展开，介绍其工作原理和防灾价值，核心主题为预警系统的重要作用。 Passage 05 Natural disasters are unpredictable and destructive, so disaster prevention education is an essential part of youth education. Many teenagers lack basic disaster prevention knowledge and self-rescue skills. Once a disaster occurs, they are easy to fall into panic and cannot take correct coping measures, which may lead to unnecessary injuries and losses. Disaster prevention education can help teenagers build safety awareness and master practical skills. Through systematic learning, teenagers can know the characteristics of common natural disasters, learn correct self-rescue and mutual-rescue methods, and understand emergency evacuation procedures. When facing sudden disasters, they can stay calm and protect themselves effectively. Besides personal safety, disaster prevention education also cultivates teenagers’ sense of social responsibility. It makes teenagers realize the importance of unity and cooperation in disaster relief. They will learn to care about others, help people in need and contribute to society when disasters happen. Schools and families should take joint responsibility for popularizing disaster prevention education. Schools can set up special courses and organize regular disaster prevention drills. Parents can teach children daily safety knowledge and watch popular science videos together with kids. Only by popularizing disaster prevention knowledge widely can we build a solid safety barrier for teenagers. 1. Why do teenagers need disaster prevention education? A. They are more likely to meet disasters. B. They lack disaster coping abilities. C. They are curious about disaster knowledge. D. They need it for school examinations. 2. What is one benefit of disaster prevention education? A. It helps teenagers avoid all disasters. B. It improves teenagers’ exam scores. C. It cultivates teenagers’ sense of responsibility. D. It makes teenagers fear natural disasters. 3. What can schools do to popularize disaster prevention education? A. Organize disaster prevention drills. B. Forbid students to go out in bad weather. C. Provide professional rescue equipment. D. Train professional rescue workers. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards disaster prevention education? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Uncaring. D. Negative. 【导语】 议论文，阐述青少年防灾安全教育的必要性、重要意义，提出学校与家庭联动普及防灾教育的具体途径，强调防灾教育对青少年成长的重要价值。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。根据首段“Many teenagers lack basic disaster prevention knowledge and self-rescue skills”可知，青少年缺乏防灾自救能力，因此需要专业的防灾教育。 2、C 细节题。根据第三段“Disaster prevention education also cultivates teenagers’ sense of social responsibility”可知，防灾教育能培养青少年的社会责任感。A表述绝对，B、D与文意相悖。 3、A 细节题。根据最后一段“Schools can set up special courses and organize regular disaster prevention drills”可知，学校可通过开展防灾演练普及相关教育。 4、B 态度题。全文作者积极阐述防灾教育的重要性，呼吁家校普及相关教育，态度是支持、认可的。 Passage 06（七选五） Drought is a long-term natural disaster caused by insufficient rainfall, which widely affects agricultural production and ecological environment. Unlike sudden disasters such as earthquakes and floods, drought develops slowly and lasts for a long time. 1____ Long-term drought will dry up farmland, wither crops and cause serious crop failure, threatening food security. 2____ Firstly, it reduces soil moisture, making farmland unsuitable for crop growth. Without enough water, grains and vegetables cannot grow normally, leading to huge agricultural economic losses. Secondly, drought will cause water shortage for humans and livestock. In severe drought areas, residents even face difficulties in drinking water. 3____ To deal with drought disasters, effective measures must be taken. 4____ Building water storage facilities such as reservoirs can collect rainwater in rainy seasons and supply water in dry periods. Besides, promoting water-saving irrigation technology can greatly reduce agricultural water waste. 5____ Public awareness of water conservation should be raised to form a good habit of saving water in daily life. A. Drought does great harm to agriculture and people’s life. B. It is hard to be noticed in the early stage. C. In addition, drought will worsen ecological degradation. D. Water resource allocation is the key to drought prevention. E. Many countries have been defeated by serious droughts. F. Daily water-saving behavior is also an important way to fight drought. G. Drought is the most frequent disaster in tropical areas. 【导语】 说明文，介绍干旱灾害的特点、对农业、民生和生态的危害，从水利设施、节水技术、日常节水三个方面阐述抗旱防灾的有效措施。 答案：1. B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.F 答案解析 1、B 上下文衔接。前文说明干旱发展缓慢、持续久，B选项“早期难以察觉”承接干旱的缓慢发展特点，逻辑连贯。 2、A 段落主旨。后文分两点介绍干旱对农业、人畜饮水的危害，A选项总起段落，点明干旱对农业和生活的危害。 3、C 递进衔接。前文介绍干旱对农业、民生的影响，C选项补充说明其对生态环境的破坏，层层递进。 4、D 逻辑衔接。后文介绍水库储水、节水灌溉等水资源调配措施，D选项点明水资源调配是抗旱关键，总领本段。 5、F 并列衔接。前文介绍工程、技术抗旱手段，F选项引出日常节水的重要性，完善抗旱措施体系。 Passage 07（七选五） Natural disasters are inevitable, but the damage they cause can be minimized by human efforts. 1____ In the face of disasters, individual strength is limited, but teamwork and mutual help can create great power. When a disaster breaks out, panic is the biggest enemy of self-rescue. 2____ Only when people keep calm can they follow scientific methods to avoid risks. At this critical moment, people around will choose to unite instead of abandoning each other. 3____ They share supplies, help the trapped and comfort the anxious, forming a warm protective line in the disaster. Many disaster relief stories have proved that unity is the most powerful weapon against natural disasters. 4____ Volunteers, medical workers and local residents work together to fight against disasters. No matter how severe the disaster is, human solidarity can always help people survive difficulties. 5____ We should cherish peaceful life, master disaster prevention skills and pass on the spirit of mutual assistance and unity. A. Calmness is the first rule of disaster rescue. B. We can learn a precious lesson from disasters. C. Team spirit plays a key role in disaster relief. D. Disasters always bring huge losses to human beings. E. People help each other to get through hard times. F. Natural disasters can never defeat human unity. G. It’s difficult for people to keep calm in big disasters. 【导语】 夹叙夹议文，论述自然灾害面前冷静应对、团结互助的重要性，通过救灾事例印证团结的力量，升华敬畏自然、珍视生活、传承互助精神的主旨。 答案：1.C 2.A 3.E 4.F 5.B 答案解析 1、C 主旨衔接。后文重点讲述团队协作、互助的力量，C选项总起全文，点明团队精神在救灾中的核心作用。 2、A 细节衔接。后文“Only when people keep calm”对应A选项“冷静是救灾第一准则”，前后呼应。 3、E 上下文衔接。后文具体讲述人们共享物资、救助他人的互助行为，E选项概括人们互帮互助、共渡难关的行为。 4、F 递进升华。前文证明团结的力量，F选项进一步点明灾难无法战胜人类的团结精神，深化段落主旨。 5、B 结尾总结。尾段为全文感悟升华，B选项点明我们能从灾难中汲取宝贵教训，引出下文启示。 二、完形填空 Cloze 08 Heavy rain had been pouring down for three days straight in our small town. No one had ___1___ that the continuous rainfall would trigger a sudden landslide. In the early morning, the loud noise of rolling rocks woke up the whole town. Mud and rocks rushed down the mountain, ___2___ roads and destroying dozens of houses. The sudden landslide threw the town into ___3___. Many villagers were trapped in their houses, and the local traffic was completely cut off. Without food, water and electricity, everyone was trapped in ___4___. Facing the terrifying disaster, some villagers felt desperate and didn’t know what to do. However, disaster brought people together instead of separating them. The village cadres ___5___ organized villagers to carry out self-rescue. Strong young men moved rocks and mud to clear roads, while women prepared food and hot water for the trapped people. The elderly ___6___ the children to keep them safe. No one complained or avoided hard work; everyone tried their best to help others. Soon after, professional rescue teams arrived at the town. With advanced equipment and professional skills, the rescuers ___7___ searched every corner of the disaster area. They successfully saved all trapped villagers and sent the injured to hospital in time. The joint efforts of villagers and rescuers brought ___8___ to the desperate town. After the disaster, everyone worked together to ___9___ their homes. Though the disaster destroyed their houses and land, it ___10___ the bond between villagers. People learned that unity and bravery are the most precious wealth when facing natural disasters. 1．A．Predicted B．decided C．proved D．doubted 2．A．building B．blocking C．widening D．protecting 3．A．order B．peace C．chaos D．silence 4．A．danger B．comfort C．freedom D．luck 5．A．slowly B．Passively C．actively D．carelessly 6．A．watched over B．looked for C．waited for D．talked about 7．A．casually B．carefully C．nervously D．secretly 8．A．sadness B．trouble C．hope D．pressure 9．A．rebuild B．sell C．decorate D．design 10．A．Weakened B．Strengthened C．Broke D．changed 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】 记叙文，讲述小镇遭遇突发泥石流灾害，全镇陷入困境，村民自发自救、专业救援队驰援，众人齐心协力渡过难关、重建家园的故事，诠释灾难面前众志成城的精神。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害 单元阅读精练 单元主题： 主题一、外刊精读原文 单元主题：Natural Disasters 自然灾害 主题一、外刊精读原文 Natural disasters are extreme, sudden events caused by environmental factors that severely damage human life, property and social order. Common natural disasters include earthquakes, floods, wildfires, typhoons and droughts. They are unavoidable natural phenomena, but their destructive impacts can be greatly reduced through scientific prevention, accurate early warning and proper emergency response. In recent years, with global climate change, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters around the world have increased significantly. Extreme weather events occur more frequently, threatening the safety of people in disaster-prone areas. However, human beings have never stopped fighting against natural disasters. Governments at all levels have built complete disaster prevention and mitigation systems. Ordinary people have also raised their awareness of self-rescue and mutual rescue. Unity, courage and scientific coping methods have become the most powerful weapons against natural disasters. 自然灾害是由环境因素引发的极端突发性事件，会严重危害人类生命、财产安全与社会秩序。常见的自然灾害包括地震、洪水、野火、台风和干旱。它们是无法避免的自然现象，但通过科学预防、精准预警和妥善的应急处置，其破坏性影响可以大幅降低。 近年来，随着全球气候变化，全球自然灾害的发生频率和强度显著上升，极端天气事件频发，威胁着灾害高发地区民众的生命安全。但人类与自然灾害的抗争从未停止。各级政府搭建了完善的防灾减灾体系，普通民众的自救互救意识也不断提升。团结、勇气与科学的应对方式，成为人类对抗自然灾害最有力的武器。 1. extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 极端的；极度的 n. 极端 2. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的；骤然的 3. environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的 4. severely /səˈvɪəli/ adv. 严重地；严厉地 5. property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 财产；不动产 6. unavoidable /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl/ adj. 不可避免的 7. destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 8. prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/ n. 预防；防止 9. accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 精准的；准确的 10. emergency /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况；突发事件 11. mitigation /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. 减轻；缓解（灾害） 12. awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识；认识 【词汇延伸】 （一）灾害类核心词汇 1. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 2. flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水；水灾 v. 淹没 3. wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. 野火；森林大火 4. typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 5. drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱 6. tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 7. landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡；泥石流 8. hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 （二）防灾救援类拓展词汇 1. early warning 预警 2. emergency response 应急响应 3. self-rescue and mutual rescue 自救互救 4. disaster-prone area 灾害高发区 5. climate change 气候变化 6. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n. & v. 损害；损毁 7. recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/ v. 恢复；康复 8. rebuild /ˌriːˈbɪld/ v. 重建；修复 长难句1： They are unavoidable natural phenomena, but their destructive impacts can be greatly reduced through scientific prevention, accurate early warning and proper emergency response. 句子结构： 本句为 but 连接的并列句。前半句为主系表结构，简单介绍自然灾害的属性；后半句为被动语态（can be greatly reduced），是句子核心重点。句末 through 引导介词短语，作方式状语，说明降低灾害影响的三种核心途径。 重难点解析： 1. 被动语态在科普类文本中高频使用，侧重客观事实，无主观主语； 2. scientific prevention, accurate early warning and proper emergency response 为并列名词短语，构成排比结构，句式工整； 3. phenomenon n. 现象（单数），复数形式为 phenomena（高频易错点）。 译文： 它们是无法避免的自然现象，但通过科学预防、精准预警和妥善的应急处置，其破坏性影响可以大幅降低。 长难句2： In recent years, with global climate change, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters around the world have increased significantly. 句子结构：主谓结构简单句。In recent years 为时间状语，with global climate change 为伴随状语，主语为并列名词 the frequency and intensity，谓语为 have increased。 重难点解析： 1. frequency（频率）、intensity（强度）为单元核心抽象名词，是读后续写、阅读理解高频词； 2. significantly 副词修饰动词 increase，表示“大幅增长”，是高考写作升级词汇。 译文：近年来，随着全球气候变化，全球自然灾害的发生频率和强度显著上升。 【高考真题链接】 （2024・新高考I卷・阅读理解C篇） Living in Alaska, we often witness the powerful forces of nature. Storms, heavy snows and strong winds are common. But nothing prepared me for the damage caused by the 2021 Chinook windstorm. Unlike regular winter storms, this extreme wind event brought hurricane-force winds to southern Alaska, destroying buildings, cutting power and blocking roads across the region. Before the storm arrived, local weather forecasters had issued an emergency warning. My family and I took the warning seriously and stocked up on food and water. Still, we had no idea how severe the storm would be. On the day of the storm, the wind screamed through the trees. We watched helplessly as trees fell like matchsticks, and power lines crashed to the ground. Within hours, our entire neighborhood lost electricity, and temperatures dropped rapidly. What surprised me most was the community’s quick response. Neighbors checked on elderly residents and families with young children. Local volunteers cleared fallen trees from roads to ensure safe travel. Power company workers worked around the clock in freezing temperatures to restore electricity. Everyone tried their best to help each other, turning a terrifying disaster into a display of human kindness and unity. This experience taught me a valuable lesson: natural disasters are uncontrollable, but human courage and unity can always help us overcome difficulties and rebuild our homes. 1. What do we know about the 2021 Chinook windstorm? A. It was a regular winter storm. B. It caused severe damage to southern Alaska. C. It hit Alaska without any warning. D. It was accompanied by heavy snow. 2. What did the author’s family do before the storm? A. They evacuated from their neighborhood. B. They asked neighbors for help. C. They prepared daily supplies in advance. D. They fixed broken buildings and roads. 3. Which word can best describe the local community? A. Warm-hearted. B. Self-centered. C. Creative. D. Independent. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Power of Nature B. A Terrible Windstorm in Alaska C. Lessons from Natural Disasters D. Kindness Shines Through Disaster 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 01 阅读理解 说明文 286 地震来临前的科学自救准备与避险技巧 Passage 02 阅读理解 说明文 342 全球野火频发的成因与生态防护措施 Passage 03 阅读理解 记叙文 328 志愿者参与洪水灾后救援与重建的暖心经历 Passage 04 阅读理解 说明文 335 台风预警系统的工作原理与防灾价值 Passage 05 阅读理解 议论文 308 青少年防灾安全教育的重要性与普及路径 Passage 06 七选五 说明文 225 干旱灾害对农业的影响及应对策略 Passage 07 七选五 夹叙夹议 240 自然灾害中的团队协作与互助精神 Cloze 08 完形填空 记叙文 385 小镇遭遇泥石流后全民自救互助的故事 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 Earthquakes are one of the most destructive and unpredictable natural disasters. Unlike floods or typhoons that can be predicted days in advance, earthquakes often strike suddenly, leaving people little time to react. However, mastering correct self-rescue skills can greatly improve the chance of survival during an earthquake. Before an earthquake comes, people can make simple preparations. Families should prepare an emergency survival kit, including bottled water, packaged food, a flashlight, a first-aid kit and a portable charger. These supplies can support people through the first 72 hours after an earthquake, which is known as the "golden rescue period". Besides, family members should discuss and confirm a safe meeting place in case they get separated during the disaster. When an earthquake hits, indoor residents should stay away from windows, heavy furniture and hanging objects. The safest way is to drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy table, and hold on until the shaking stops. Never rush to jump off buildings or take elevators. For outdoor people, move quickly to an open area away from buildings, trees and power lines to avoid being hit by falling objects. After the earthquake, avoid entering damaged buildings easily. Pay attention to aftershocks which may cause secondary disasters. Keep calm, wait for official rescue and actively help people around you in need. 1. What makes earthquakes different from floods and typhoons? A. They cause greater damage. B. They happen without early prediction. C. They strike more frequently. D. They affect wider areas. 2. What is included in the emergency survival kit? A. Fresh fruit and vegetables. B. A communication device charger. C. Warm clothes and blankets. D. A portable air conditioner. 3. What should indoor people do when an earthquake occurs? A. Hide beside the window. B. Run out of the room immediately. C. Take shelter under a firm table. D. Take the elevator to escape fast. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Aftershocks are less dangerous than main earthquakes. B. Damaged buildings are safe to enter after shaking. C. Secondary disasters may follow an earthquake. D. People should rescue others without waiting for help. Passage 02 In recent decades, wildfires have become increasingly common natural disasters across the globe. From the forests of Australia to the mountains of California, large-scale wildfires have destroyed vast areas of woodland, killed countless wild animals and polluted the air seriously. Rising temperatures caused by global climate change are the main driver of the increase in wildfire frequency. Higher temperatures dry out soil and vegetation, making forests more flammable in dry seasons. Besides climate factors, human activities are another major cause of wildfires. Careless campfire use, abandoned cigarette ends and illegal burning of waste are the most common human-induced fire triggers. Statistics show that more than half of global wildfires are caused by human negligence rather than natural factors like lightning. Wildfires bring huge damage to ecosystems and human society. They destroy forest resources, break the balance of wildlife habitats and release massive harmful gases, worsening air pollution and global warming. To deal with this problem, governments and environmental organizations have taken effective measures. Regular forest patrols are carried out in dry seasons to remove hidden dangers. Public education on wildfire prevention is widely spread to raise people’s awareness. Meanwhile, advanced fire-fighting technologies and equipment are used to put out wildfires quickly and reduce losses. 1. What leads to more frequent wildfires mainly? A. Serious air pollution. B. Global climate warming. C. Decreasing forest areas. D. Frequent lightning activities. 2. Most global wildfires are caused by ____. A. natural lightning B. extreme dry weather C. human careless behavior D. rising soil temperature 3. What is the harm of wildfires? A. They improve soil quality. B. They destroy ecological balance. C. They reduce air pollution. D. They increase wildlife habitats. 4. What measure is taken to prevent wildfires? A. Cutting down dry woods regularly. B. Banning all outdoor activities in forests. C. Conducting regular forest safety checks. D. Reducing the use of modern fire-fighting equipment. Passage 03 Last summer, continuous heavy rainfall hit a small mountain village in southern China, causing severe floods. The rising floodwater submerged roads, destroyed farmland and cut off the village’s connection with the outside world. Many villagers lost their homes and daily supplies, facing huge difficulties in life. As soon as the flood disaster occurred, a group of young volunteers rushed to the village to offer help. Among them was Li Hua, a college student who majored in social work. Despite the dangerous muddy roads and continuous rain, the volunteers carried drinking water, food and daily necessities to the disaster-stricken area on foot every day. They helped evacuate trapped elderly and children, cleaned up silt in the village and arranged temporary shelters for homeless villagers. The volunteer work was tough and tiring. They worked more than 12 hours a day, with little time to rest. Some of them got wet and caught cold, but no one chose to give up. What moved the villagers most was that the volunteers always put others’ needs first. They comforted anxious villagers patiently and encouraged everyone to cheer up and face the disaster bravely. After the flood receded, the volunteers stayed to help with post-disaster reconstruction. They helped repair damaged houses and restore farmland. With joint efforts of volunteers and villagers, the village gradually returned to normal. This experience made me realize that disaster is cruel, but human love and unity are powerful enough to defeat all difficulties. 1. What caused the flood in the mountain village? A. Broken river dams. B. Long-term heavy rain. C. Seasonal typhoon attack. D. Serious soil erosion. 2. What did the volunteers do in the disaster area? A. Rebuild schools immediately. B. Evacuate trapped villagers. C. Stop the continuous rainfall. D. Provide professional medical treatment. 3. Which word can describe the volunteers? A. Selfish and lazy. B. Brave and devoted. C. Cautious and shy. D. Careless and casual. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. The terrible damage caused by mountain floods. B. How to prevent summer flood disasters. C. Volunteers’ efforts in flood relief and reconstruction. D. Villagers’ independent fight against floods. Passage 04 Typhoons are strong tropical storms that often hit coastal areas in summer and autumn, bringing strong winds, heavy rain and huge waves. They are one of the most frequent natural disasters affecting coastal cities, causing great losses to local economy and people’s lives. However, with the development of modern science and technology, typhoon early warning systems have become increasingly mature, greatly improving regional disaster prevention capacity.The typhoon early warning system relies on meteorological satellites, radar monitoring and ground observation stations to collect real-time data of wind speed, rainfall and storm movement. Professional meteorologists analyze these data accurately to predict the track, strength and landing time of typhoons. According to the risk level, the system will release different levels of early warning signals to the public. Early warning is the first and most important step of typhoon prevention. Timely and accurate early warnings give governments and residents enough time to take preventive measures. Local governments can organize residents to evacuate dangerous areas, suspend outdoor activities and stop maritime operations in advance. Residents can store daily supplies, reinforce houses and avoid going out to reduce personal risks. Thanks to the perfect early warning system, most typhoon disasters can be effectively prevented and controlled. The casualty rate and economic losses caused by typhoons have dropped significantly in recent years. It fully proves that scientific and technological means are powerful weapons against natural disasters. 1. When do typhoons usually attack coastal areas? A. Spring and summer. B. Summer and autumn. C. Autumn and winter. D. Winter and spring. 2. What is the basis of the typhoon early warning system? A. Manual experience summary. B. Real-time meteorological data. C. Historical disaster records. D. Residents’ disaster feedback. 3. What is the function of typhoon early warnings? A. Stopping typhoons from landing. B. Providing time for disaster prevention. C. Reducing the strength of typhoons. D. Repairing disaster losses in advance. 4. What does the text mainly tell us? A. The formation principle of typhoons. B. The damage caused by typhoons. C. The value of typhoon early warning systems. D. Ways to survive typhoons outdoors. Passage 05 Natural disasters are unpredictable and destructive, so disaster prevention education is an essential part of youth education. Many teenagers lack basic disaster prevention knowledge and self-rescue skills. Once a disaster occurs, they are easy to fall into panic and cannot take correct coping measures, which may lead to unnecessary injuries and losses. Disaster prevention education can help teenagers build safety awareness and master practical skills. Through systematic learning, teenagers can know the characteristics of common natural disasters, learn correct self-rescue and mutual-rescue methods, and understand emergency evacuation procedures. When facing sudden disasters, they can stay calm and protect themselves effectively. Besides personal safety, disaster prevention education also cultivates teenagers’ sense of social responsibility. It makes teenagers realize the importance of unity and cooperation in disaster relief. They will learn to care about others, help people in need and contribute to society when disasters happen. Schools and families should take joint responsibility for popularizing disaster prevention education. Schools can set up special courses and organize regular disaster prevention drills. Parents can teach children daily safety knowledge and watch popular science videos together with kids. Only by popularizing disaster prevention knowledge widely can we build a solid safety barrier for teenagers. 1. Why do teenagers need disaster prevention education? A. They are more likely to meet disasters. B. They lack disaster coping abilities. C. They are curious about disaster knowledge. D. They need it for school examinations. 2. What is one benefit of disaster prevention education? A. It helps teenagers avoid all disasters. B. It improves teenagers’ exam scores. C. It cultivates teenagers’ sense of responsibility. D. It makes teenagers fear natural disasters. 3. What can schools do to popularize disaster prevention education? A. Organize disaster prevention drills. B. Forbid students to go out in bad weather. C. Provide professional rescue equipment. D. Train professional rescue workers. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards disaster prevention education? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Uncaring. D. Negative. Passage 06（七选五） Drought is a long-term natural disaster caused by insufficient rainfall, which widely affects agricultural production and ecological environment. Unlike sudden disasters such as earthquakes and floods, drought develops slowly and lasts for a long time. 1____ Long-term drought will dry up farmland, wither crops and cause serious crop failure, threatening food security. 2____ Firstly, it reduces soil moisture, making farmland unsuitable for crop growth. Without enough water, grains and vegetables cannot grow normally, leading to huge agricultural economic losses. Secondly, drought will cause water shortage for humans and livestock. In severe drought areas, residents even face difficulties in drinking water. 3____ To deal with drought disasters, effective measures must be taken. 4____ Building water storage facilities such as reservoirs can collect rainwater in rainy seasons and supply water in dry periods. Besides, promoting water-saving irrigation technology can greatly reduce agricultural water waste. 5____ Public awareness of water conservation should be raised to form a good habit of saving water in daily life. A. Drought does great harm to agriculture and people’s life. B. It is hard to be noticed in the early stage. C. In addition, drought will worsen ecological degradation. D. Water resource allocation is the key to drought prevention. E. Many countries have been defeated by serious droughts. F. Daily water-saving behavior is also an important way to fight drought. G. Drought is the most frequent disaster in tropical areas. Passage 07（七选五） Natural disasters are inevitable, but the damage they cause can be minimized by human efforts. 1____ In the face of disasters, individual strength is limited, but teamwork and mutual help can create great power. When a disaster breaks out, panic is the biggest enemy of self-rescue. 2____ Only when people keep calm can they follow scientific methods to avoid risks. At this critical moment, people around will choose to unite instead of abandoning each other. 3____ They share supplies, help the trapped and comfort the anxious, forming a warm protective line in the disaster. Many disaster relief stories have proved that unity is the most powerful weapon against natural disasters. 4____ Volunteers, medical workers and local residents work together to fight against disasters. No matter how severe the disaster is, human solidarity can always help people survive difficulties. 5____ We should cherish peaceful life, master disaster prevention skills and pass on the spirit of mutual assistance and unity. A. Calmness is the first rule of disaster rescue. B. We can learn a precious lesson from disasters. C. Team spirit plays a key role in disaster relief. D. Disasters always bring huge losses to human beings. E. People help each other to get through hard times. F. Natural disasters can never defeat human unity. G. It’s difficult for people to keep calm in big disasters. 二、完形填空 Cloze 08 Heavy rain had been pouring down for three days straight in our small town. No one had ___1___ that the continuous rainfall would trigger a sudden landslide. In the early morning, the loud noise of rolling rocks woke up the whole town. Mud and rocks rushed down the mountain, ___2___ roads and destroying dozens of houses. The sudden landslide threw the town into ___3___. Many villagers were trapped in their houses, and the local traffic was completely cut off. Without food, water and electricity, everyone was trapped in ___4___. Facing the terrifying disaster, some villagers felt desperate and didn’t know what to do. However, disaster brought people together instead of separating them. The village cadres ___5___ organized villagers to carry out self-rescue. Strong young men moved rocks and mud to clear roads, while women prepared food and hot water for the trapped people. The elderly ___6___ the children to keep them safe. No one complained or avoided hard work; everyone tried their best to help others. Soon after, professional rescue teams arrived at the town. With advanced equipment and professional skills, the rescuers ___7___ searched every corner of the disaster area. They successfully saved all trapped villagers and sent the injured to hospital in time. The joint efforts of villagers and rescuers brought ___8___ to the desperate town. After the disaster, everyone worked together to ___9___ their homes. Though the disaster destroyed their houses and land, it ___10___ the bond between villagers. People learned that unity and bravery are the most precious wealth when facing natural disasters. 1．A．Predicted B．decided C．proved D．doubted 2．A．building B．blocking C．widening D．protecting 3．A．order B．peace C．chaos D．silence 4．A．danger B．comfort C．freedom D．luck 5．A．slowly B．Passively C．actively D．carelessly 6．A．watched over B．looked for C．waited for D．talked about 7．A．casually B．carefully C．nervously D．secretly 8．A．sadness B．trouble C．hope D．pressure 9．A．rebuild B．sell C．decorate D．design 10．A．Weakened B．Strengthened C．Broke D．changed 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害 单元阅读精练 答案 【高考真题链接】 （2024・新高考I卷・阅读理解C篇） 、【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在阿拉斯加亲历2021年奇努克暴风灾害的经历，描述了风暴带来的严重破坏，重点展现了灾害面前邻里互助、志愿者无私奉献的温暖场景，诠释了灾难无情人有情、团结互助共渡难关的主旨。 答案解析： 1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 “this extreme wind event brought hurricane-force winds to southern Alaska, destroying buildings, cutting power and blocking roads across the region” 可知，这场极端暴风给阿拉斯加南部造成了严重的损毁。A选项与原文“Unlike regular winter storms”相悖；C选项与第二段首句气象部门提前发布预警不符；D选项文中未提及暴雪。故选B。 2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段 “My family and I took the warning seriously and stocked up on food and water” 可知，作者一家认真对待预警，提前储备了食物、水等日用品。A、B、D三项原文均无相关表述。故选C。 3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知，风暴过后邻居主动帮扶老人和孩童、志愿者清理道路、电力工人连夜抢修，整个社区互帮互助，十分暖心。warm-hearted 热心的；self-centered 自私的；creative 有创造力的；independent 独立的。故选A。 4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章前两段介绍暴风灾害的破坏力，核心段落第三段重点讲述灾难中人与人之间的善意与团结，尾段升华主旨：灾难不可控，但人性的温暖与团结能战胜困境。A、B仅为文章部分内容，片面；C范围过广；D“善意在灾难中闪耀”贴合全文核心主旨。故选D。 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 01 阅读理解 说明文 286 地震来临前的科学自救准备与避险技巧 Passage 02 阅读理解 说明文 342 全球野火频发的成因与生态防护措施 Passage 03 阅读理解 记叙文 328 志愿者参与洪水灾后救援与重建的暖心经历 Passage 04 阅读理解 说明文 335 台风预警系统的工作原理与防灾价值 Passage 05 阅读理解 议论文 308 青少年防灾安全教育的重要性与普及路径 Passage 06 七选五 说明文 225 干旱灾害对农业的影响及应对策略 Passage 07 七选五 夹叙夹议 240 自然灾害中的团队协作与互助精神 Cloze 08 完形填空 记叙文 385 小镇遭遇泥石流后全民自救互助的故事 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 【导语】 说明文，介绍地震的突发性特点，详细讲解震前准备、震中避险、震后自救的科学方法，普及地震防灾自救知识。 答案解析: 1、B 细节题。根据第一段“Unlike floods or typhoons that can be predicted days in advance, earthquakes often strike suddenly”可知，地震无法提前预测，具有突发性，这是其与洪水、台风最大的区别。 2、B 细节题。根据第二段“including bottled water, packaged food, a flashlight, a first-aid kit and a portable charger”可知应急包包含便携充电器，其余选项原文未提及。 3、C 细节题。根据第三段“The safest way is to drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy table”可知，室内避险应躲在坚固的桌子下方。A、B、D均为错误避险方式。 4、C 推理题。根据最后一段“Pay attention to aftershocks which may cause secondary disasters”可知，余震可能引发次生灾害。A无对比依据；B与原文相悖；D表述错误，应等待官方救援、合理互助。 拓展栏目： 阅读策略：科普说明文采用“总-分”结构，分段对应“特点-准备-过程-后续”，精准定位题干关键词即可快速解题； 答题技巧：细节判断题优先匹配原文原句，排除常识性错误选项； 文化背景：全球通用地震自救“伏地、遮挡、手抓牢”原则，72小时黄金救援期是防灾救灾核心常识。 Passage 02 【导语】 说明文，介绍全球野火频发的现状、自然与人为两大成因、野火带来的生态危害，以及对应的防控防护措施。 答案解析 1、B 细节题。根据第一段“Rising temperatures caused by global climate change are the main driver of the increase in wildfire frequency”可知，全球气候变暖是野火频发的主要原因。 2、C 细节题。根据第二段“Statistics show that more than half of global wildfires are caused by human negligence”可知，大部分野火源于人类的疏忽行为。 3、B 细节题。根据第三段“They destroy forest resources, break the balance of wildlife habitats”可知，野火会破坏生态平衡，其余选项均与原文危害相悖。 4、C 细节题。根据第三段“Regular forest patrols are carried out in dry seasons to remove hidden dangers”可知，定期森林巡查、排查隐患是防控措施之一。A、B表述绝对，D与原文相悖。 拓展栏目： 阅读策略：成因类说明文，理清“现状-原因-危害-措施”逻辑链条，精准定位各段落核心； 答题技巧：主旨、细节题优先锁定段落首尾主旨句，排除绝对化表述选项； 文化背景：野火防控是全球生态保护重点工作，人为防火宣传是各国防灾教育的核心内容。 Passage 03 【导语】 记叙文，讲述南方山村遭遇洪水灾害后，青年志愿者不畏艰险奔赴灾区，开展救援帮扶、助力灾后重建的暖心故事，彰显灾难中的人间大爱与团结力量。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。根据首段“continuous heavy rainfall hit a small mountain village in southern China, causing severe floods”可知，持续暴雨引发了洪水灾害。 2、B 细节题。根据第二段“They helped evacuate trapped elderly and children”可知，志愿者协助疏散被困村民。A、D原文未提及，C不符合客观事实。 3、B 推理题。志愿者冒雨奔赴灾区、日夜劳作、无私奉献，体现了勇敢、敬业奉献的品质。其余选项均为负面词汇，与文意不符。 4、C 主旨题。全文围绕志愿者的抗洪救援、灾后重建工作展开，核心是志愿者的无私付出，A仅为背景，B未提及，D偏离文章主体。 Passage 04 【导语】 说明文，介绍台风的发生特点、台风预警系统的工作原理，重点阐述精准预警在防灾减灾中的重要价值，体现科技对防灾工作的支撑作用。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。根据首段“hit coastal areas in summer and autumn”可知，台风多在夏秋季节侵袭沿海地区。 2、B 细节题。根据第二段“collect real-time data of wind speed, rainfall and storm movement”可知，预警系统依托实时气象数据开展工作。 3、B 细节题。根据第三段“Timely and accurate early warnings give governments and residents enough time to take preventive measures”可知，预警的核心作用是为防灾避险预留充足时间。A、C、D均不符合客观事实。 4、C 主旨题。全文围绕台风预警系统展开，介绍其工作原理和防灾价值，核心主题为预警系统的重要作用。 Passage 05 【导语】 议论文，阐述青少年防灾安全教育的必要性、重要意义，提出学校与家庭联动普及防灾教育的具体途径，强调防灾教育对青少年成长的重要价值。 答案解析： 1、B 细节题。根据首段“Many teenagers lack basic disaster prevention knowledge and self-rescue skills”可知，青少年缺乏防灾自救能力，因此需要专业的防灾教育。 2、C 细节题。根据第三段“Disaster prevention education also cultivates teenagers’ sense of social responsibility”可知，防灾教育能培养青少年的社会责任感。A表述绝对，B、D与文意相悖。 3、A 细节题。根据最后一段“Schools can set up special courses and organize regular disaster prevention drills”可知，学校可通过开展防灾演练普及相关教育。 4、B 态度题。全文作者积极阐述防灾教育的重要性，呼吁家校普及相关教育，态度是支持、认可的。 Passage 06（七选五） 【导语】 说明文，介绍干旱灾害的特点、对农业、民生和生态的危害，从水利设施、节水技术、日常节水三个方面阐述抗旱防灾的有效措施。 答案：1. B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.F 答案解析 1、B 上下文衔接。前文说明干旱发展缓慢、持续久，B选项“早期难以察觉”承接干旱的缓慢发展特点，逻辑连贯。 2、A 段落主旨。后文分两点介绍干旱对农业、人畜饮水的危害，A选项总起段落，点明干旱对农业和生活的危害。 3、C 递进衔接。前文介绍干旱对农业、民生的影响，C选项补充说明其对生态环境的破坏，层层递进。 4、D 逻辑衔接。后文介绍水库储水、节水灌溉等水资源调配措施，D选项点明水资源调配是抗旱关键，总领本段。 5、F 并列衔接。前文介绍工程、技术抗旱手段，F选项引出日常节水的重要性，完善抗旱措施体系。 Passage 07（七选五） 【导语】 夹叙夹议文，论述自然灾害面前冷静应对、团结互助的重要性，通过救灾事例印证团结的力量，升华敬畏自然、珍视生活、传承互助精神的主旨。 答案：1.C 2.A 3.E 4.F 5.B 答案解析 1、C 主旨衔接。后文重点讲述团队协作、互助的力量，C选项总起全文，点明团队精神在救灾中的核心作用。 2、A 细节衔接。后文“Only when people keep calm”对应A选项“冷静是救灾第一准则”，前后呼应。 3、E 上下文衔接。后文具体讲述人们共享物资、救助他人的互助行为，E选项概括人们互帮互助、共渡难关的行为。 4、F 递进升华。前文证明团结的力量，F选项进一步点明灾难无法战胜人类的团结精神，深化段落主旨。 5、B 结尾总结。尾段为全文感悟升华，B选项点明我们能从灾难中汲取宝贵教训，引出下文启示。 二、完形填空 Cloze 08 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】 记叙文，讲述小镇遭遇突发泥石流灾害，全镇陷入困境，村民自发自救、专业救援队驰援，众人齐心协力渡过难关、重建家园的故事，诠释灾难面前众志成城的精神。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $