Unit 4 Natural disasters（话题阅读精练）英语人教版 2019必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural disasters 话题阅读精练 核心词汇 1. Disaster (n.) 灾难 常见搭配：natural disaster（自然灾害） 派生词：disastrous (adj.) 灾难性的 2. Earthquake (n.) 地震 相关词：aftershock（余震），magnitude（震级） 3. Flood (n./v.) 洪水；淹没 短语：flash flood（山洪暴发） 4. Hurricane (n.) 飓风（= typhoon 台风） 区别：hurricane（大西洋），typhoon（太平洋） 5. Tornado (n.) 龙卷风 近义词：cyclone（旋风） 6. Drought (n.) 干旱 反义词：flood 7. Wildfire (n.) 野火 短语：forest wildfire（森林火灾） 8. Rescue (n./v.) 救援 短语：rescue team（救援队） 9. Survivor (n.) 幸存者 动词：survive (v.) 10. Damage (n./v.) 损害 搭配：cause serious damage（造成严重破坏） 重点短语 1. Break out （战争、火灾等）突然爆发 例句：A fire broke out in the forest. 2. In ruins 严重受损；成为废墟 例句：The city was left in ruins after the earthquake. 3. Trapped in 被困在… 例句：People were trapped in the collapsed building. 4. Provide aid 提供援助 近义短语：offer help 5. Under control 在控制中 反义：out of control 6. Take shelter 躲避 搭配：take shelter from the storm 语法考点 1. 定语从句（Relative Clauses） 例句：The village which/that was hit by the flood needs help. 注意：关系代词（who/which/that）的用法区别。 2. 过去进行时（Past Continuous） 表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作： 例句：When the earthquake happened, we were having a meeting. 3. 被动语态（Passive Voice） 自然灾害中常用被动语态强调影响： 例句：Thousands of houses were destroyed by the hurricane. 写作与话题拓展 （一）灾害描述模板 1.开头：时间+地点+事件（如：On July 20, a severe flood hit Zhengzhou.） 2.正文：影响（casualties伤亡, damage）+ 救援（rescue efforts） 3.结尾：总结或呼吁（e.g., We should improve disaster preparedness.） （二）高频话题 2.科技在救灾中的作用（如drones无人机, early warning systems预警系统）。 易错点提醒 Disaster 不可数，但指具体事件时可数（e.g., a natural disaster）。 "Break out" 无被动语态（❌误：The fire was broken out. ✅正：The fire broke out.）。 "Damage" 不可数，修饰用much/serious（❌误：many damages）。 话题阅读精炼题 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 As we know, earthquakes can bring people much fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 2008. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 400,000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes. 1．Earthquakes happen __________. A．in all the places in the world B．only in a few places along the coast C．regularly in most places in the world D．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains 2．When and where was the worst earthquake ever reported? A．In 1964 in Alaska. B．In 1556 in China. C．In 1923 in Japan. D．In 2008 in China. 3．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．Earthquakes can cause fires. B．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly. C．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. D．People still don't know how to tell when an earthquake will come. 4．What may be talked about in the seventh paragraph? A．How do earthquakes happen? B．How do earthquakes worry people? C．What will people do to prepare for earthquakes? D．How can we save people when earthquakes happen? Passage 02 We all know the danger of fires. It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions. Put a smoke alarm (烟雾警报器) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. 6 Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. 7 Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily. Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. 8 We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules: ★Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. ★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. 9 ★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! 10 Put a blanket (毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you. There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help. A．Practise for a fire. B．Turning over and over will make the fire go out. C．The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. D．The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once. E．If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. F．When a smoke alarm rings at home, it means you should get up. G．Learning something about fire safety is necessary for all parents. Passage 03 A little boy was spending his Saturday morning playing in his sandbox(沙池).He had with him a box of cars and trucks，and a red plastic shovel. In the process of creating roads and tunnels in the sand，he discovered a large rock in the middle of the sandbox. The boy dug around the rock，trying to get it out of the sand. With many struggles，he pushed the rock across the sandbox by using his feet. He was a very small boy and the rock was very huge. When the boy got the rock to the edge of the sandbox，however，he found that he couldn’t roll it up and over the little wall. Determined，the little boy shoved and pushed，but every time the rock tipped(倾斜) and then fell back into the sandbox. Finally，he burst into tears of frustration. All this time the boy’s father watched from his living room window. At the moment his tears fell，a large shadow fell across the boy and the sandbox. It was the boy’s father. Gently but firmly he said，“Son，why didn’t you use all the strength that you had available？” Defeated，the boy answered，“But I did，Daddy.  I used all the strength that I had！”“No，son，” said the father kindly.“You didn’t use all the strength you had. You didn’t ask me.” With that the father reached down，picked up the rock，and removed it from the sandbox. Do you have “rocks” in your life that need to be removed？Are you discovering that you don’t have what it takes to lift them？There is one who is always available and willing to give us the strength we need. Isn’t it funny that we try so hard to do things all by ourselves? 11．What did the boy want to do with the rock? A．To break it into smaller pieces. B．To remove it from the sandbox. C．To bury it deep under the ground. D．To carry it to a faraway place by hand. 12．In the father’s opinion，his son _______. A．must be punished for not working hard B．was strong enough to lift the rock by himself C．should have asked him to help with the rock D．was responsible for solving the problem 13．What may be the best title for the text? A．Secrets in the Sand B．Rock in the Sandbox C．Where Strength Is Needed D．When Help Is Not at Hand Passage 04 In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change. Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies. Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.” Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground. 14．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To supply a summary. D．To provide an example. 15．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting? A．The recent progress in theories. B．The use of traditional methods. C．The increasing number of earthquakes. D．The advancements in artificial intelligence. 16．What do we know from the third paragraph? A．The trial was conducted by Chinese. B．The algorithm was totally successful. C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction. D．The A．I. competition only focused on earthquakes. 17．What is the best title for the passage? A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I. C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes Passage 05 Causes of sandstorms In desert areas, sandstorms are most commonly caused by either thunderstorm outflows (外流) or strong pressure gradients (气压梯度) which cause an increase in wind speed over a wide area. In some cases, dust and sand may set a limit to a shallow depth by a low-lying temperature change. 18 Drought is another cause of sandstorms. Poor farming practices make dust and sand free of protection from the wind. 19 A sandstorm can transport and carry large amounts of sand. Deserts are the key source of sandstorms. Saharan sandstorms have increased about 10 times during the half century since the 1950s, causing topsoil (表土层) loss in nearby countries. 20 Sandstorms have also been shown to increase the spread of disease across the globe. Viruses in the dust are blown into the atmosphere by the storms. Some diseases may not be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develop into deadly ones if left untreated. 21 Sandstorms cause soil loss from the dry land, doing harm to agriculture. Sandstorms also reduce visibility, affecting airplanes and road transportation. 22 Dust can also have good effects. Central and South American rainforests get most of their mineral nutrients from the Sahara; iron-poor ocean regions get iron. A．This is one of the effects of sandstorms. B．Bad results are caused by sandstorms. C．Dry land farming is one of the most serious practices. D．People know little about the effects about sandstorms. E．In other cases, dust may be blown as high as 6,100 meters high. F．For example, a breathing problem can lead to lung cancer, while dry eyes lead to blindness. G．In addition, sandstorms also discourage visitors from visiting these places, striking tourism. Passage 06 CALGARY, CANADA---It was one of the most important phone calls Bruce Burrell has ever received, a call warning that a flood was headed Calgary’s way. “I got a phone call about five in the morning on Thursday from Len McCharles, who was on watch at the time, and he said “there has been big flooding in Canmore and it’s heading this way,” said Burrell, the head of the Calgary Emergency Management Agency. “I got up immediately, turned on the morning news, saw the    pictures from Canmore and then called McCharles back. I said “open the Emergency Operations Centre.” Burrell was in the EOC for 48 hours straight and it wasn’t until Burrell left the centre for the first time that the disaster(灾难）hit him. “Once you step outside and you actually see it and hear it, it paints a completely different picture from what you thought you would be dealing with.” Calgary firefighters came to help the Calgarians who were influenced by floodwaters. Keal Prince, captain of the Calgary Fire Department remembers how a young boy lost his finger while helping a woman remove debris(瓦砾）out of her house. “As his finger got cut off it went into a fully loaded dumpster(装好的垃圾箱）”Prince said. “People had worked hours to get the dumpster loaded and now they’re working tirelessly, quickly to unload that dumpster, looking for that finger.” “We had to remove a lot of debris to find that finger. Luckily, the finger was found and it was reattached(重新接上），”Prince added. Burrell is proud of what the city has achieved so far. And he says the city couldn’t have done it without hundreds of unsung heroes. “There were a lot of unbelievable things that went on during the flood and I think that is what Calgarians need to be proud of.” 23．On the morning of Thursday, Burrell ______. A．recogised his house was flooded B．was called to go to Canmore to help people C．got to know from others about a coming disater. D．opened his house and found something was wrong. 24．Hearing what had happened, Burrell ________. A．called the centre to collect pictures B．reported the event to the TV station C．went to the flooded areas immediately D．gave orders for work to be started at once 25．It seemed that the young boy ____. A．was a great help B．had a happy ending C．looked for his finger hours alone D．was hurt while unloading the dumpster 26．We can infer from the last paragragh that Burrell ______. A．thinks highly of people in Calgary B．has received praise from Calgarians C．thinks it’s his duty to protect the city D．feels the firefighters need more training Passage 07 When your alarm clock rings and you drag yourself out of bed, you probably wonder： Why on earth does school have to start so early? Fortunately, there is a new law to support—or better still, science. A law in California, passed on Oct 13, requires that public middle schools begin classes no earlier than 8：00 am and that high schools start no earlier than 8：30 am. The law will go into effect by July 1, 2022. Starting school at 8：00 or 8：30 in the morning may not sound like too big of a change, but it could mean one more hour of sleep for students who used to start school at 7:30 or even earlier. "The effect of that one hour is something they will be feeling as 40-year-old adults," Sumit Bhargava, a sleep expert at Stanford University, told The New York Times. He said that not having enough sleep can affect students' mental health and increase the risk of being overweight and diabetes （糖尿病）. In the short run, students' school performances should improve almost immediately. Kyla Wahlstrom, a researcher at the University of Minnesota's College of Education, found that students who have enough sleep are alert in class and get much more satisfying grades. Some might say that asking students to go to bed earlier could have been a much easier solution than changing the school timetable across an entire state. But according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, teenagers go through biological changes when they enter puberty （青春期）,which makes it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11：00 pm. So when school starts at 8：00 or earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8.5-9.5 hours of sleep that experts suggest they need to do their best in the daytime. This is why when the new law came out, its author, Anthony Portantino, said, "Generations of children will come to appreciate this historic day and our governor for taking action." 27．Which of the following is TRUE about the law? A．The law has not been put into practice. B．The law requires schools to start later than 8：30am. C．The law will be passed by July 1, 2022. D．The law is made by a university in California. 28．What does the underlined word alert in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Friendly. B．Sharp. C．Calm. D．Honest. 29．For a better academic performance in the daytime, how long do teenagers probably need to sleep? A．About 8 hours. B．About 9 hours. C．At least 10 hours. D．At most 8. 5 hours. 30．What's the main idea of the text? A．Lack of sleep could lead to health problems. B．The amount of sleep people need changes with age. C．A new law lets students sleep longer. D．Sleeping problems are leading problems for teenagers. 二、完形填空 Cloze 01 I will always appreciate my father and his faith. One summer, I remember, a drought (旱灾) hit Ontario, turning it 31 a burning desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last 32 from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which 33 took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn’t go quickly. After forty minutes of 34 walking in the field, we 35 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and angry. 36 the basket heavily, I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves! ” Dad laughed. “Just think, my little girl, only 37 dozen left for each of 38 and then we’re done. ” Such is Dad—whatever problem he 39 , he never gives up. Dad is also a living example of real 40 . From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to 41 our family. He always puts our happiness 42 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 43 his tiredness after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to try to 44 others first. Dad, the life 45 I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero. 31．A．for B．into C．in D．like 32．A．gap B．form C．order D．position 33．A．usually B．repeatedly C．finally D．really 34．A．happily B．aimlessly C．easily D．hardly 35．A．yet B．even C．still D．nearly 36．A．Cutting B．Taking C．Picking D．Dropping 37．A．five B．ten C．twenty D．fifty 38．A．them B．you C．me D．us 39．A．brings up B．meets with C．works out D．thinks about 40．A．love B．pride C．friendship D．honesty 41．A．settle B．support C．start D．impress 42．A．before B．after C．beside D．under 43．A．in terms of B．in control of C．in spite of D．in place of 44．A．putting B．cheering C．thinking D．turning 45．A．lessons B．styles C．ways D．history 三、选词填空 短语填空 hold on, make it clear, sweeps away, used to, carry out, give up, catch the attention of, the number of, out of nowhere 46．I must that I will support you forever. 47． passenger trips in and out of Wuhan from Aug 8 to Sept 8 increased more than fourfold compared with the first month after the city's lockdown was lifted on April 8. 48．Broom plant Xinjiang villagers' poverty. 49．Therefore, it take at least three months for Jousing to import the electrode pads in indirect, inefficient ways. 50．Health workers in Wuhan physical examinations for employees at a company who return to work. 51．China won't ‘inch of its territory’, defense minister says. 52．"It was March 18, and people seemed to have come ," she says. 53．Building blocks a child at the Kids Fun Expo underway in Beijing, July 11, 2019. 54．Walking between apartment blocks, Xi looked up and waved to residents under lockdown who stuck out their heads from their windows and balconies to greet him. "Let's keep it up! for a little longer!" Xi said. 四、完成句子 55．在一个老人的帮助下，汤姆最终知道了如何解决那个难题。 With the help of an old man, Tom finally knew how to the difficult problem. 56．He and jumped into the water. (用break的短语填空) 五、书面表达 57．书面表达 假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为WATER FOR LIFE“的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。 注意： 根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯； 开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数； 文中不能出现考生的具体信息； 词数：120左右 参考词汇：短缺 shortage ; 资源 reaource Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning, I’m Li Hua from Fujian,China,It’s my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it.___________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Natural disasters 话题阅读精练 核心词汇 1. Disaster (n.) 灾难 常见搭配：natural disaster（自然灾害） 派生词：disastrous (adj.) 灾难性的 2. Earthquake (n.) 地震 相关词：aftershock（余震），magnitude（震级） 3. Flood (n./v.) 洪水；淹没 短语：flash flood（山洪暴发） 4. Hurricane (n.) 飓风（= typhoon 台风） 区别：hurricane（大西洋），typhoon（太平洋） 5. Tornado (n.) 龙卷风 近义词：cyclone（旋风） 6. Drought (n.) 干旱 反义词：flood 7. Wildfire (n.) 野火 短语：forest wildfire（森林火灾） 8. Rescue (n./v.) 救援 短语：rescue team（救援队） 9. Survivor (n.) 幸存者 动词：survive (v.) 10. Damage (n./v.) 损害 搭配：cause serious damage（造成严重破坏） 重点短语 1. Break out （战争、火灾等）突然爆发 例句：A fire broke out in the forest. 2. In ruins 严重受损；成为废墟 例句：The city was left in ruins after the earthquake. 3. Trapped in 被困在… 例句：People were trapped in the collapsed building. 4. Provide aid 提供援助 近义短语：offer help 5. Under control 在控制中 反义：out of control 6. Take shelter 躲避 搭配：take shelter from the storm 语法考点 1. 定语从句（Relative Clauses） 例句：The village which/that was hit by the flood needs help. 注意：关系代词（who/which/that）的用法区别。 2. 过去进行时（Past Continuous） 表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作： 例句：When the earthquake happened, we were having a meeting. 3. 被动语态（Passive Voice） 自然灾害中常用被动语态强调影响： 例句：Thousands of houses were destroyed by the hurricane. 写作与话题拓展 （一）灾害描述模板 1.开头：时间+地点+事件（如：On July 20, a severe flood hit Zhengzhou.） 2.正文：影响（casualties伤亡, damage）+ 救援（rescue efforts） 3.结尾：总结或呼吁（e.g., We should improve disaster preparedness.） （二）高频话题 2.科技在救灾中的作用（如drones无人机, early warning systems预警系统）。 易错点提醒 Disaster 不可数，但指具体事件时可数（e.g., a natural disaster）。 "Break out" 无被动语态（❌误：The fire was broken out. ✅正：The fire broke out.）。 "Damage" 不可数，修饰用much/serious（❌误：many damages）。 话题阅读精炼题 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 As we know, earthquakes can bring people much fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 2008. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 400,000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes. 1．Earthquakes happen __________. A．in all the places in the world B．only in a few places along the coast C．regularly in most places in the world D．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains 2．When and where was the worst earthquake ever reported? A．In 1964 in Alaska. B．In 1556 in China. C．In 1923 in Japan. D．In 2008 in China. 3．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．Earthquakes can cause fires. B．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly. C．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. D．People still don't know how to tell when an earthquake will come. 4．What may be talked about in the seventh paragraph? A．How do earthquakes happen? B．How do earthquakes worry people? C．What will people do to prepare for earthquakes? D．How can we save people when earthquakes happen? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了历史上发生在世界范围内破坏程度严重的地震。 1．细节理解题，由第一段“Most places in the world, however, have them regularly.”可知，然而，世界上大多数地方都经常发生地震。所以地震经常发生在世界上大多数的地方。故C选项正确。 2．细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 400,000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556.”可知，有史以来最严重的地震发生在中国，有40万人死亡或受伤。这次地震发生在1556年。所以有史以来最严重的地震发生在1556年的中国。故B选项正确。 3．细节理解题。由第三段“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people”可知，强烈地震并非总是造成最多人死亡的原因。所以地震越强烈，死亡的人就越多是错误的。故C选项“地震越强烈，死亡的人就越多是”是错误的。故C选项正确。 4．推理判断题。由最后段“Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes.”可知，地震让人们非常担心。原因是我们经常不知道地震什么时候发生。人们不能为地震做准备。所以既然人们不知道，也不知道为地震的发生做什么样的准备，那么在第七段就要向人们科普一下人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情。比如:学习一些地震自救的知识以此达到在地震中减少伤亡的目的。故判断出在第七段主要谈论“人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情？”。故C选项正确。 【点睛】根据上一段的内容来判断下一段的内容是解决判断题的重要的切入点。这一般适用于推测短文最后一段之后段落的内容。在这样的判断出，短文最后一段通常会以问题的方式留下疑问，或者以陈述句的形式给读者留下一个悬而未决的问题。这个时候以问题的方式留下疑问或者以陈述句的形式给读者留下一个悬而未决的问题就是下一段要讨论的内容。由最后段“Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes.”可知，地震让人们非常担心。原因是我们经常不知道地震什么时候发生。人们不能为地震做准备。所以既然人们不知道，也不知道为地震的发生做什么准备，那么在第七段就要向人们科普一下人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情？比如：学习一些地震自救的知识以此达到在地震中减少伤亡的目的。故判断出在第七段主要谈论“人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情？”。故小题4的正确选项为C。 Passage 02 We all know the danger of fires. It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions. Put a smoke alarm (烟雾警报器) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. 6 Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. 7 Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily. Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. 8 We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules: ★Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. ★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. 9 ★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! 10 Put a blanket (毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you. There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help. A．Practise for a fire. B．Turning over and over will make the fire go out. C．The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. D．The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once. E．If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. F．When a smoke alarm rings at home, it means you should get up. G．Learning something about fire safety is necessary for all parents. 【答案】6．D 7．E 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何应对火灾给我们提出了几点建议。 6．根据上文“Put a smoke alarm (烟雾警报器) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound.(在房子里装个烟雾报警器。火灾产生的烟雾会使警铃响。闹钟发出很大的声音)”可知，本句说的应该是烟雾警报器的作用。如果房间内有烟雾的话，警报器就会发出声音，这种声音能够警示屋内的人要马上离开房间，故D选项“声音告诉所有人马上离开房子”符合语境，故选D。 7．根据上文“Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house.(制定逃生计划。我们应该知道所有出房子的路)”可知，上文提到了制定逃生计划，可知本句是在说明其作用，E选项中the plan对应上文escape plans。故E选项“如果发生火灾，每个人都按照计划逃生”符合语境，故选E。 8．根据后文“We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety.(我们做消防练习是因为我们教孩子们防火安全知识)”可知，空处内容应和消防演练有关，故A选项“为火灾做练习”符合语境，故选A。 9．根据空前的句子“Stay close to the floor!(离地板近一点！)”可知，火灾发生时，要使自己靠近地面。由此可以推断，此处应是这样做的原因：因为烟往上升，所以地面附近的空气最好，故C选项“最好的空气是在地板附近，因为烟雾会上升”符合语境，故选C。 10．根据上文“Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll!(扑倒！倒在地板上。然后滚！)”可知，本句应继续说明如何通过滚动来灭火。故B选项“在地上不断地翻滚，火就会熄灭”符合语境，故选B。 Passage 03 A little boy was spending his Saturday morning playing in his sandbox(沙池).He had with him a box of cars and trucks，and a red plastic shovel. In the process of creating roads and tunnels in the sand，he discovered a large rock in the middle of the sandbox. The boy dug around the rock，trying to get it out of the sand. With many struggles，he pushed the rock across the sandbox by using his feet. He was a very small boy and the rock was very huge. When the boy got the rock to the edge of the sandbox，however，he found that he couldn’t roll it up and over the little wall. Determined，the little boy shoved and pushed，but every time the rock tipped(倾斜) and then fell back into the sandbox. Finally，he burst into tears of frustration. All this time the boy’s father watched from his living room window. At the moment his tears fell，a large shadow fell across the boy and the sandbox. It was the boy’s father. Gently but firmly he said，“Son，why didn’t you use all the strength that you had available？” Defeated，the boy answered，“But I did，Daddy.  I used all the strength that I had！”“No，son，” said the father kindly.“You didn’t use all the strength you had. You didn’t ask me.” With that the father reached down，picked up the rock，and removed it from the sandbox. Do you have “rocks” in your life that need to be removed？Are you discovering that you don’t have what it takes to lift them？There is one who is always available and willing to give us the strength we need. Isn’t it funny that we try so hard to do things all by ourselves? 11．What did the boy want to do with the rock? A．To break it into smaller pieces. B．To remove it from the sandbox. C．To bury it deep under the ground. D．To carry it to a faraway place by hand. 12．In the father’s opinion，his son _______. A．must be punished for not working hard B．was strong enough to lift the rock by himself C．should have asked him to help with the rock D．was responsible for solving the problem 13．What may be the best title for the text? A．Secrets in the Sand B．Rock in the Sandbox C．Where Strength Is Needed D．When Help Is Not at Hand 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．B 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述一名小男孩竭尽全力却无法将石块移出沙池的故事告诉我们，当我们自己的能力不足以解决问题的时候，你是否发现自己不够坚强去克服它们？有一个人总是准备好给我们所需要的力量，不去妨向别人求助，这也是一种成功的方法--借力。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The boy dug around the rock，trying to get it out of the sand. ”男孩在石头周围挖，想把石头从沙子里挖出来。可知，小男孩想把石块移到沙池外面。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段父亲和男孩的对话“Son，why didn’t you use all the strength that you had available？”“You didn’t use all the strength you had. You didn’t ask me.”儿子，为什么你没有用尽你所有的力量？父亲温柔地纠正他说："你没有用尽你所有的力量，你没有叫我来帮你。可知，小男孩的父亲认为，儿子本应向他寻求帮助。故选C。 3.主旨大意题。本文通过讲述一名小男孩竭尽全力却无法将石块移出沙池的故事告诉我们，当我们自己的能力不足以解决问题的时候，你是否发现自己不够坚强去克服它们？有一个人总是准备好给我们所需要的力量，不去妨向别人求助，这也是一种成功的方法---借力。所以短文的最佳标题为“ 沙地中的石块”。故选B。 Passage 04 In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change. Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies. Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.” Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground. 14．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To supply a summary. D．To provide an example. 15．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting? A．The recent progress in theories. B．The use of traditional methods. C．The increasing number of earthquakes. D．The advancements in artificial intelligence. 16．What do we know from the third paragraph? A．The trial was conducted by Chinese. B．The algorithm was totally successful. C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction. D．The A．I. competition only focused on earthquakes. 17．What is the best title for the passage? A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I. C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes 【答案】14．B 15．D 16．C 17．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。 14．推理判断题。根据第一段“In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.(在日本，新的一年从灾难中开始，周一，该国西部边缘的诺托半岛发生了7.5级地震。日本地下有2000多条活动断层带，使其成为世界上地震最频繁的国家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一个新话题。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据第二段“But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.(但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”可知，人工智能的进步让一些研究人员对地震预报持乐观态度。故选D。 16．细节理解题。根据第三段“In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened.(该算法总共成功预测了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以内。与此同时，它错过了一次地震，并预测了8次从未发生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途。故选C。 17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.(许多科学家一直认为地震预报是不可能的。但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”结合文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。可知，B选项“预测地震的帮手——人工智能”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 05 Causes of sandstorms In desert areas, sandstorms are most commonly caused by either thunderstorm outflows (外流) or strong pressure gradients (气压梯度) which cause an increase in wind speed over a wide area. In some cases, dust and sand may set a limit to a shallow depth by a low-lying temperature change. 18 Drought is another cause of sandstorms. Poor farming practices make dust and sand free of protection from the wind. 19 A sandstorm can transport and carry large amounts of sand. Deserts are the key source of sandstorms. Saharan sandstorms have increased about 10 times during the half century since the 1950s, causing topsoil (表土层) loss in nearby countries. 20 Sandstorms have also been shown to increase the spread of disease across the globe. Viruses in the dust are blown into the atmosphere by the storms. Some diseases may not be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develop into deadly ones if left untreated. 21 Sandstorms cause soil loss from the dry land, doing harm to agriculture. Sandstorms also reduce visibility, affecting airplanes and road transportation. 22 Dust can also have good effects. Central and South American rainforests get most of their mineral nutrients from the Sahara; iron-poor ocean regions get iron. A．This is one of the effects of sandstorms. B．Bad results are caused by sandstorms. C．Dry land farming is one of the most serious practices. D．People know little about the effects about sandstorms. E．In other cases, dust may be blown as high as 6,100 meters high. F．For example, a breathing problem can lead to lung cancer, while dry eyes lead to blindness. G．In addition, sandstorms also discourage visitors from visiting these places, striking tourism. 【答案】18．E 19．C 20．A 21．F 22．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了形成沙尘暴的原因以及沙尘暴的影响。 18．根据上文“In some cases, dust and sand may set a limit to a shallow depth by a low-lying temperature change.(在某些情况下，灰尘和沙子可能会由于低洼地区的温度变化而限制浅层深度)”可知，本句主要承接上文，说明灰尘可能会达到的高度，E项中的In other cases与上文的In some cases对称。故E选项“在其他情况下，灰尘可能被吹到6100米高”符合语境，故选E。 19．根据上文“Poor farming practices make dust and sand free of protection from the wind.(糟糕的耕作方式使尘土和沙子无法抵挡风)”可知，本句承接上文，具体举例糟糕的耕作方式。故C选项“旱地耕作是最严重的做法之一”符合语境，故选C。 20．根据上文“Saharan sandstorms have increased about 10 times during the half century since the 1950s, causing topsoil (表土层) loss in nearby countries.(自20世纪50年代以来的半个世纪里，撒哈拉沙尘暴增加了约10倍，导致附近国家的表土流失)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故总结上文，指出表土流失是沙尘暴的影响。故A选项“这是沙尘暴的影响之一”符合语境，故选A。 21．根据上文“Some diseases may not be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develop into deadly ones if left untreated.(有些疾病一开始可能并不紧急，但如果不及时治疗，就会发展成致命的疾病)”可知，本句针对上文提到的疾病进行举例说明。故F选项“例如，呼吸问题会导致肺癌，而眼睛干涩会导致失”符合语境，故选F。 22．根据上文“Sandstorms cause soil loss from the dry land, doing harm to agriculture. Sandstorms also reduce visibility, affecting airplanes and road transportation.(沙尘暴造成旱地土壤流失，危害农业。沙尘暴还会降低能见度，影响飞机和公路运输)”可知，本句主要承接上文，对沙尘暴造成的其他影响进行说明。故G选项“此外，沙尘暴也使游客不愿去这些地方，从而打击了旅游业”符合语境，故选G。 Passage 06 CALGARY, CANADA---It was one of the most important phone calls Bruce Burrell has ever received, a call warning that a flood was headed Calgary’s way. “I got a phone call about five in the morning on Thursday from Len McCharles, who was on watch at the time, and he said “there has been big flooding in Canmore and it’s heading this way,” said Burrell, the head of the Calgary Emergency Management Agency. “I got up immediately, turned on the morning news, saw the    pictures from Canmore and then called McCharles back. I said “open the Emergency Operations Centre.” Burrell was in the EOC for 48 hours straight and it wasn’t until Burrell left the centre for the first time that the disaster(灾难）hit him. “Once you step outside and you actually see it and hear it, it paints a completely different picture from what you thought you would be dealing with.” Calgary firefighters came to help the Calgarians who were influenced by floodwaters. Keal Prince, captain of the Calgary Fire Department remembers how a young boy lost his finger while helping a woman remove debris(瓦砾）out of her house. “As his finger got cut off it went into a fully loaded dumpster(装好的垃圾箱）”Prince said. “People had worked hours to get the dumpster loaded and now they’re working tirelessly, quickly to unload that dumpster, looking for that finger.” “We had to remove a lot of debris to find that finger. Luckily, the finger was found and it was reattached(重新接上），”Prince added. Burrell is proud of what the city has achieved so far. And he says the city couldn’t have done it without hundreds of unsung heroes. “There were a lot of unbelievable things that went on during the flood and I think that is what Calgarians need to be proud of.” 23．On the morning of Thursday, Burrell ______. A．recogised his house was flooded B．was called to go to Canmore to help people C．got to know from others about a coming disater. D．opened his house and found something was wrong. 24．Hearing what had happened, Burrell ________. A．called the centre to collect pictures B．reported the event to the TV station C．went to the flooded areas immediately D．gave orders for work to be started at once 25．It seemed that the young boy ____. A．was a great help B．had a happy ending C．looked for his finger hours alone D．was hurt while unloading the dumpster 26．We can infer from the last paragragh that Burrell ______. A．thinks highly of people in Calgary B．has received praise from Calgarians C．thinks it’s his duty to protect the city D．feels the firefighters need more training 【答案】23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了加拿大的卡尔加里发生了一场洪水，而卡尔加里的人们团结一致，共同抵制洪水，Burrell很为卡尔加里人感到骄傲，为这个城市感到骄傲。 23．细节理解题。根据文中“I got a phone call about five in the morning on Thursday from Len McCharles, who was on watch at the time, and he said “there has been big flooding in Canmore and it’s heading this way,” said Burrell,可知，伯雷尔说，我在周四早上5点左右接到了当时值班的伦·麦克哈尔斯的电话，他说“坎莫尔发生了大洪水，洪水正往这边袭来。”他从别人那里得知了一个即将到来的灾难。故选C。 24． 细节理解题。根据文中“I got up immediately, turned on the morning news, saw the    pictures from Canmore and then called McCharles back. I said “open the Emergency Operations Centre.”可知，我立刻起床，打开晨报，看到了坎莫尔的照片，然后给麦克哈尔斯回了电话。我说“打开紧急行动中心”。所以当他得知洪水要来之后，他立即命令马上启动应急措施。故选D。 25． 推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段的“Luckily, the finger was found and it was reattached(重新接上）”可知，这个年轻人的手指被找到，重新装上，由此判断出他结局是好的。故选B。 26．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段”And he says the city couldn’t have done it without hundreds of unsung heroes. “There were a lot of unbelievable things that went on during the flood and I think that is what Calgarians need to be proud of.”可知，他说，如果没有数百名无名英雄，这个城市就不可能成功。“洪水期间发生了很多难以置信的事情，我认为这是卡尔加里安人需要骄傲的。Burrell以这里的人们为傲，给予他们很高的评价。故选A。 Passage 07 When your alarm clock rings and you drag yourself out of bed, you probably wonder： Why on earth does school have to start so early? Fortunately, there is a new law to support—or better still, science. A law in California, passed on Oct 13, requires that public middle schools begin classes no earlier than 8：00 am and that high schools start no earlier than 8：30 am. The law will go into effect by July 1, 2022. Starting school at 8：00 or 8：30 in the morning may not sound like too big of a change, but it could mean one more hour of sleep for students who used to start school at 7:30 or even earlier. "The effect of that one hour is something they will be feeling as 40-year-old adults," Sumit Bhargava, a sleep expert at Stanford University, told The New York Times. He said that not having enough sleep can affect students' mental health and increase the risk of being overweight and diabetes （糖尿病）. In the short run, students' school performances should improve almost immediately. Kyla Wahlstrom, a researcher at the University of Minnesota's College of Education, found that students who have enough sleep are alert in class and get much more satisfying grades. Some might say that asking students to go to bed earlier could have been a much easier solution than changing the school timetable across an entire state. But according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, teenagers go through biological changes when they enter puberty （青春期）,which makes it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11：00 pm. So when school starts at 8：00 or earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8.5-9.5 hours of sleep that experts suggest they need to do their best in the daytime. This is why when the new law came out, its author, Anthony Portantino, said, "Generations of children will come to appreciate this historic day and our governor for taking action." 27．Which of the following is TRUE about the law? A．The law has not been put into practice. B．The law requires schools to start later than 8：30am. C．The law will be passed by July 1, 2022. D．The law is made by a university in California. 28．What does the underlined word alert in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Friendly. B．Sharp. C．Calm. D．Honest. 29．For a better academic performance in the daytime, how long do teenagers probably need to sleep? A．About 8 hours. B．About 9 hours. C．At least 10 hours. D．At most 8. 5 hours. 30．What's the main idea of the text? A．Lack of sleep could lead to health problems. B．The amount of sleep people need changes with age. C．A new law lets students sleep longer. D．Sleeping problems are leading problems for teenagers. 【答案】27．A 28．B 29．B 30．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学业成绩。 27．细节理解题。根据文章The law will go into effect by July 1, 2022. 这部法律将于2022年7月1日生效。可知，这部法律还没有付诸实践，故选A。 28．词义猜测题。根据文章Wahlstrom, a researcher at the University of Minnesota's College of Education, found that students who have enough sleep are alert in class and get much more satisfying grades. Wahlstrom，明尼苏达大学的一名研究人员发现有充足睡眠的人成绩更另人满意，由此可推断学生们在课堂上表现的也更好，思维更敏捷，故推断alert为敏捷的，同sharp敏捷的，灵敏的同意。故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据文章So when school starts at 8：00 or earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8.5-9.5 hours of sleep that experts suggest they need to do their best in the daytime. 因此，当学校8点或更早开始上课时，他们很难获得专家建议的理想的8.5-9.5小时的睡眠时间，以在白天做到最好。可知，要想在白天有一个更好的学业成绩，青少年需要大约9小时的睡眠时间，故选B。 30．主旨大意题。要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学业成绩。C选项A new law lets students sleep longer. 一部新的法律允许学生睡得更久。C选项概括文章大意，中心思想，故选C。 二、完形填空 Cloze 01 I will always appreciate my father and his faith. One summer, I remember, a drought (旱灾) hit Ontario, turning it 31 a burning desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last 32 from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which 33 took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn’t go quickly. After forty minutes of 34 walking in the field, we 35 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and angry. 36 the basket heavily, I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves! ” Dad laughed. “Just think, my little girl, only 37 dozen left for each of 38 and then we’re done. ” Such is Dad—whatever problem he 39 , he never gives up. Dad is also a living example of real 40 . From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to 41 our family. He always puts our happiness 42 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 43 his tiredness after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to try to 44 others first. Dad, the life 45 I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero. 31．A．for B．into C．in D．like 32．A．gap B．form C．order D．position 33．A．usually B．repeatedly C．finally D．really 34．A．happily B．aimlessly C．easily D．hardly 35．A．yet B．even C．still D．nearly 36．A．Cutting B．Taking C．Picking D．Dropping 37．A．five B．ten C．twenty D．fifty 38．A．them B．you C．me D．us 39．A．brings up B．meets with C．works out D．thinks about 40．A．love B．pride C．friendship D．honesty 41．A．settle B．support C．start D．impress 42．A．before B．after C．beside D．under 43．A．in terms of B．in control of C．in spite of D．in place of 44．A．putting B．cheering C．thinking D．turning 45．A．lessons B．styles C．ways D．history 【答案】 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了作者在和父亲共同劳动的过程中，学到了积极和乐观的心态，这让作者受益终生。 31．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我记得有一年夏天，一场干旱袭击了安大略，把它变成了一片燃烧的沙漠。A. for为了；B. into成为；C. in在里面；D. like像。此处用短语turn…into...“把……变成……”，符合句意要求。故选B项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个炎热的早晨，我和爸爸一起摘甜玉米，准备供应杂货店的最后一批订单。A. gap缺口，间隔；B. form形式；C. order订单；D. position位置。根据上下文“If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves! ”可知，作者和父亲正在为杂货店的订单配货。order订单。故选C项。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们只需要50打，而这通常需要20分钟。A. usually通常；B. repeatedly重复地；C. finally最终；D. really真正地。根据后文“the process didn’t go quickly.”可知，通常情况下只需要20分钟的工作，那一天40分钟也没有完成。故选A项。 34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在田野里漫无目的地走了40分钟后，我们还需要20打。A. happily开心地；B. aimlessly无目的地；C. easily容易地；D. hardly困难地。根据下文“we still needed twenty dozen”还需要20打，故可推知，那天摘玉米的过程很不顺利，在田野里漫无目的地走了40分钟后，我们还需要20打。aimlessly漫无目的地。故选B项。 35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在田野里漫无目的地走了40分钟后，我们还需要20打。A. yet还未；B. even甚至；C. still仍然；D. nearly将近。根据下文“If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves! ”可以推断，我们仍然还需要20打。故选C项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我沉重地扔下篮子，大声说：“如果商店要最后20打，他们可以自己挑！”爸爸笑了。A. Cutting砍，切；B. Taking带着；C. Picking捡起；D. Dropping放下，扔下。根据上文“I was completely frustrated and angry”可知，找不够玉米，作者很沮丧，因此推断她重重地把篮子扔到地上。故选D项。 37．考查数词词义辨析。句意：你想想，我的小姑娘，我们每人只剩下十打了，我们就完事了。”A. five五；B. ten十；C. twenty二十；D. fifty五十。根据上文“If the store wants its last twenty dozen”可知，仍旧还要20打，因此作者与父亲每人仅需要再摘10打。故选B项。 38．考查代词词义辨析。句意：你想想，我的小姑娘，我们每人只剩下十打了，我们就完事了。”A. them他们；B. you你；C. me我；D. us我们。根据语境以及“ then we’re done”可知，父亲笑着说，我们每个人就只剩下10打了，然后我们就完成了。故选D项。 39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这就是爸爸——无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。A. brings up提出，抚养；B. meets with遇见；C. works out计算出；D. thinks about考虑。根据下文“he never gives up”可以推断，表示父亲——无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。故选B项。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸也是真爱的活生生的例子。A. love爱；B. pride骄傲；C. friendship友谊；D. honesty诚实。根据下文“His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to try to 　14　 others first.”可知，父亲的爱和无私激励作者也开始把别人放在首位，所以父亲是一个有爱的例子。故选A项。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了养家糊口，他从早到晚工作了无数个小时。A. settle定居；B. support供养；C. start开始；D. impress给……留下印象。根据上文“works countless hours”可知，为了养活一家人，父亲从早到晚工作忙个不停。故选B项。 42．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他总是把我们的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，在我的体育比赛上，尽管他在漫长的一天后很累，但他总是给我加油。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. beside在……旁边；D. under在……之下。根据后文“never fails to cheer me on at my sports games”可知，父亲总是把我们的幸福放在他自己幸福的前面。故选A项。 43．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他总是把我们的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，在我的体育比赛上，尽管他在漫长的一天后很累，但他总是给我加油。A. in terms of    就……而言；B. in control of控制；C. in spite of尽管；D. in place of代替。根据“never fails to cheer me on at my sports games”以及“his tiredness after long days”可知，即使每天长时间的劳累，父亲也从未忘记在体育比赛中为我们加油助威。故选C项。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他充满爱心和无私的天性激励我努力把别人放在第一位。A. putting放；B. cheering加油；C. thinking思考；D. turning转变。根据上文内容可知，父亲总是把别人的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，是一个大公无私的人，因此推断父亲的品质也鼓舞我把别人放在首位。故选A项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸，我从您身上学到的人生经验将永远伴随我。A. lessons课程，经验；B. styles风格；C. ways方式；D. history历史。根据下文“You are my father, teacher, friend… hero”可知，作者将永远牢记从父亲那里学到的关于生活的经验。 故选A项。 三、选词填空 短语填空 hold on, make it clear, sweeps away, used to, carry out, give up, catch the attention of, the number of, out of nowhere 46．I must that I will support you forever. 47． passenger trips in and out of Wuhan from Aug 8 to Sept 8 increased more than fourfold compared with the first month after the city's lockdown was lifted on April 8. 48．Broom plant Xinjiang villagers' poverty. 49．Therefore, it take at least three months for Jousing to import the electrode pads in indirect, inefficient ways. 50．Health workers in Wuhan physical examinations for employees at a company who return to work. 51．China won't ‘inch of its territory’, defense minister says. 52．"It was March 18, and people seemed to have come ," she says. 53．Building blocks a child at the Kids Fun Expo underway in Beijing, July 11, 2019. 54．Walking between apartment blocks, Xi looked up and waved to residents under lockdown who stuck out their heads from their windows and balconies to greet him. "Let's keep it up! for a little longer!" Xi said. 【答案】46．make it clear 47．The number of 48．sweeps away 49．used to 50．carry out 51．give up 52．out of nowhere 53．caught the attention of 54．Hold on 【解析】46．考查固定句式。句意：我必须说清楚，我会永远支持你。make it clear that弄清楚、明确表示，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句，must后跟动词原形。故填make it clear。 47．考查固定短语。句意：8月8日至9月8日期间，武汉进出的旅客数量比4月8日解除封锁后的第一个月增加了四倍多。根据句意“……的数量”可知短语为the number of，句首单词首字母要大写。故填The number of。 48．考查固定短语和时态。句意：扫帚厂扫除了新疆村民的贫困。根据句意“扫除”可知短语为sweep away，且此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为Broom plant，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填sweeps away。 49．考查固定短语。句意：因此，采用间接、低效的方式进口电极垫，过去常需要至少三个月的时间。根据句意“过去常常”可知短语为used to。故填used to。 50．考查固定短语和时态。句意：武汉一家公司的卫生工作人员正在为返工的员工进行体检。根据句意“执行，进行”可知短语为carry out，且根据后文return可知为一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填carry out。 51．考查固定短语和时态。句意：国防部长说，中国不会放弃“一寸领土”。根据句意“放弃”可知短语为give up，won't后接动词原形。故填give up。 52．考查固定短语。句意：她说：“当时是3月18日，人们似乎不知从哪里突然冒了出来”。根据句意“不知打哪儿来，突然冒出来”可知短语为out of nowhere。故填out of nowhere。 53．考查固定短语和时态。句意：2019年7月11日，在北京举行的儿童游乐博览会上，积木吸引了小朋友的注意力。根据句意“吸引……的注意力”可知短语为catch the attention of，结合后文“July 11, 2019”可知应用一般过去时。故填caught the attention of。 54．考查固定短语。句意：习主席行走在公寓楼之间，抬头向被封锁的居民挥手致意，居民从窗户和阳台探出头来迎接他。“让我们坚持下去！再多坚持一会儿!”习主席说。根据句意“坚持”可知短语为hold on，此处为肯定祈使句，句首动词应用动词原形，且首字母要大写。故填Hold on。 四、完成句子 55．在一个老人的帮助下，汤姆最终知道了如何解决那个难题。 With the help of an old man, Tom finally knew how to the difficult problem. 【答案】solve或work out 【详解】考查动词和短语。对比中英文句子可知，空处缺少“解决”的表达，用solve或者work out都可以，分析句子可知，此处是“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，to是不定式符号，接动词原形。故填solve或work out。 56．He and jumped into the water. (用break的短语填空) 【答案】took a deep breath 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他深吸了一口气，然后跳进了水里。“深吸了一口气”译为take a deep breath，由jumped into可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填took a deep breath。 五、书面表达 57．书面表达 假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为WATER FOR LIFE“的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。 注意： 根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯； 开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数； 文中不能出现考生的具体信息； 词数：120左右 参考词汇：短缺 shortage ; 资源 reaource Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning, I’m Li Hua from Fujian,China,It’s my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it.___________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you. 【答案】One possible version Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning. I’m Li Hua from Fujian, China. It’s my great honor to be here to say somethingabout the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. Therefore, it’s high time we did something about it. Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water opllution by law. Last but not least, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life. In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically. That’s all. Thank you. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于图画类应用文。要求考生写一篇发言稿。 【详解】第一步：审题。 体裁：应用文。 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时为主。 要点：图画显示内容。 第二步：列重点词语，词组（注意好词的使用） 如：due to，environmental pollution，effective，scientific，existing water resource，responsibility，make good use of，such as，in conclusion，be aware of等. 第三步：连词成句（注意好句型的使用，如非谓语动词，复合句，注意拼写和时态问题） 第四步：连句成篇（注意衔接词的使用） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…, Finally, In the end, At last; 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also); 3.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。 第五步：润色修改。 【点睛】本文内容完整，要点齐全，语言规范，词数适当，段落分布合理。作者在文中使用了主从复合句，如“As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population.”使用了定语从句，“Therefore, it’s high time we did something about it.”使用了虚拟语气，主从复合句的使用，使得文章的句式灵活多变，为文章增加了色彩。此外，作者还使用了衔接词“Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly，Last but not least等衔接词的使用，使得文章层次分明。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$