Unit 4 Natural Disasters（重难词汇精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“自然灾害”主题为载体，构建“词汇基础-语境应用”双阶训练体系，通过词形转换、句式分析及语篇实践提升语言综合运用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|29个重点单词、24组词性转换、8个核心短语、3个重点句式|提炼词形转换规则（如disaster→disastrous）、高频短语搭配（如in ruins）及句型结构（如It seemed as if...）|从单词本义到词性拓展，再到短语、句式构建，形成“概念-变式-应用”的词汇认知链| |词汇语境练|1篇选词填空、2篇语法填空、1篇完形填空、2篇应用文写作|通过语篇训练强化词汇在语境中的精准运用，如语法填空中时态、语态与词汇搭配的结合|以主题为线索，实现“词汇-句式-语篇”的层级递进，培养基于语境的语言理解与表达能力|

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 四、重点句式 五、重点单词精讲 2 六、选词填空 6 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、完形填空 11 三、应用文写作 11 一、重点单词 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2.flood n. 洪水；大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满水；淹没 3.rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 4.damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 5.destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 6.death n. 死；死亡 7.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 8.shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护；vt. 保护；掩蔽；vi. 躲避（风雨或危险） 9.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝；vi. & vt.（使）破裂 10.ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 11.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；vt.（使）震惊 12.electricity n. 电；电能 13.trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套；n. 险境；陷阱 14.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 15.breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 16.revive vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒 17.revival n. 振兴；复苏 18.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 19.unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体 20.suffer vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；vt. 遭受；蒙受 21.erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 22.supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 23.survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 24.power n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 25.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 26.sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 27.strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打；n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 28.deliver vt. 递送；传送；传达；发表 29.effect n. 影响；结果；效果 二、词性转换 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 → disastrous adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的 2. flood n. 洪水；大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满水；淹没 → flooded adj. 被水淹没的 → flooding n. 洪水泛滥 3. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 → rescuer n. 救援者；救助者 4. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 → damaged adj. 被损坏的 → damaging adj. 有破坏性的 5. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 → destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 → destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 6. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出；vi. 撤离 → evacuation n. 疏散；撤离 7. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 → effect n. 影响；效果；作用 → effective adj. 有效的；起作用的 8. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝；vi. & vt.（使）破裂 → cracked adj. 破裂的；破碎的 9. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 → ruined adj. 毁坏的；破败的 10. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；vt.（使）震惊 → shocked adj. 震惊的；惊愕的 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的 11. electricity n. 电；电能 → electric adj. 电的；电动的 → electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的 → electronic adj. 电子的 12. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套；n. 险境；陷阱 → trapped adj. 被困住的；陷入困境的 13. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 → burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 → buried adj. 埋葬的；隐藏的 14. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 → breath n. 呼吸；气息 → breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 15. revive vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒 → revival n. 振兴；复苏 → revived adj. 复活的；复兴的 16. suffer vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；vt. 遭受；蒙受 → suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 → sufferer n. 受难者；患者 17. erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 → eruption n. 爆发；喷发 → eruptive adj. 爆发的；喷发的 18. supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 → supplier n. 供应商；供应者 19. survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 → survival n. 生存；幸存 → survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 20. power n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 → powerful adj. 强大的；有影响力的 → powerless adj. 无力的；无权的 21. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 → emergent adj. 紧急的；突发的 22. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 → calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 → calmness n. 平静；镇静 23. strike vi. & vt. ( struck, struck/stricken ) 侵袭；突击；击打；n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 → striking adj. 显著的；惊人的 → striker n. 罢工者；打击者 24. deliver vt. 递送；传送；传达；发表 → delivery n. 递送；交付；分娩 → deliverer n. 递送者；演讲者 三、核心短语 1.volcanic eruption 火山喷发 2.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 3.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 4.in shock 震惊；吃惊 5.in the open air 露天；在户外 6.first aid kit 急救箱 7.on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 8.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 四、重点句式 1. 句式：It seemed as if… 句型It seemed as if the world was coming to an end.仿佛世界末日即将来临。 2. 句式：who 引导定语从句 The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 在地震中丧生或重伤的人数超过了 40 万。 3. 句式：be doing sth..... when 句型I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水开始漫进我家。 5、 重点单词精讲 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 1) natural disaster 自然灾害 2) disaster relief 救灾；灾难援助 3) disastrous adj. 灾难性的； ①Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can destroy homes and lives in seconds.地震、洪水等自然灾害能在瞬间摧毁家园与生命。 2. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 1) rescue sb. from... 从…… 中营救某人 2) come to one's rescue 前来营救某人 3) rescue team 救援队 ①The brave firefighters risked their lives to rescue people trapped in the burning building.勇敢的消防员冒着生命危险营救被困在着火大楼里的人们。 3. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 1) do/cause damage to... 对…… 造成损害 2) suffer damage 遭受损失 3) damaged adj. 被损坏的 ①The heavy rain caused serious damage to the old bridge, so it had to be closed.暴雨对这座旧桥造成了严重损坏，因此它不得不被关闭。 4.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 1) affect sb./sth. 影响某人/某物 2) be affected by... 被…… 影响/打动 3) effect n. 影响；效果 4) effective adj. 有效的 ①The long drought affected the growth of crops, leading to a poor harvest this year.长期的干旱影响了农作物的生长，导致今年收成不佳。 5. survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 1) survive on... 靠…… 生存 2) survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 3) survival n. 生存；幸存 4) survivor n. 幸存者 ② She was the only passenger who survived the plane crash, which shocked the whole country.她是这次空难中唯一幸存的乘客，这件事震惊了全国。 6.suffer vi. 受苦；受折磨；vt. 遭受；蒙受 1) suffer from... 遭受……；患…… 病 2) suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦 / 损失 3) suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 ② The town suffered great losses during the war, but people never gave up hope.这座城镇在战争中遭受了巨大损失，但人们从未放弃希望。 7. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 1) calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 2) keep calm 保持冷静 3) calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 ① When the earthquake happened, she tried to stay calm and told everyone to hide under the desks.地震发生时，她努力保持冷静，告诉大家躲到桌子底下。 ② It is important to calm down and think clearly when you are in a dangerous situation.身处险境时，冷静下来并清晰思考是非常重要的。 8. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资；vt. 帮助；援助 1) first aid 急救 2) come to one's aid 帮助某人 3) aid sb. in/with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 ①Knowing how to give first aid can save lives in an emergency.懂得如何实施急救能在紧急情况下挽救生命。 ② Many countries sent food and medical aid to the area hit by the earthquake.许多国家向地震受灾地区运送了食品和医疗援助物资。 9. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 1) destroy everything 毁掉一切 2) destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 3) destructive adj. 破坏性的 ①The big fire destroyed most of the houses in the village.这场大火烧毁了村里大部分房屋。 ②War brings nothing but pain and destruction.战争带来的只有痛苦与毁灭。 10.shock n. 震惊；休克；vt. 使震惊 1) in shock 震惊；休克 2) shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3) shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ①The news of his death shocked the whole country.他离世的消息震惊了全国。 ②She was still in shock after the accident.事故发生后，她依旧惊魂未定。 11.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋 1) be buried in… 埋头于；沉浸于 2) burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 3) buried adj. 被埋的 ①Many people were buried alive in the earthquake.地震中许多人被活活掩埋。 ②He buried himself in his work to forget the pain.他埋头工作，试图忘却痛苦。 12. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 1) take a deep breath 深呼吸 2) breath n. 呼吸；气息 3) breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 ① Take a deep breath and you will feel relaxed.深呼吸，你就会感到放松。 ② We were breathless after running up the stairs.跑上楼梯后，我们累得气喘吁吁。 13.supply n. 供应；补给；vt. 供应；供给 1) supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 2) in short supply 供应不足 3) supplies n. 补给品 ① The factory supplies the market with fresh vegetables every day.这家工厂每天为市场供应新鲜蔬菜。 ② Food supplies are running out in the disaster area.灾区的食物补给即将耗尽。 六、选词填空 （25-26高一上·广东深圳·阶段检测） 请在方框中选择合适的词汇，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。 A．Therefore    B．benefits   C． after all   D．in harmony with   E. end up   F. originally G. is home to   H. in case   I. survive   J. destroying   K. measures 注意：(1)每个选项只能使用一次； (2)方框中有一个多余选项。 For all we know, the earth is the only planet with life, and 1 countless creatures. These forests, oceans, and mountains were 2 balanced worlds where all living things existed 3 their surroundings. Sadly, human activities today, such as pollution and deforestation, are 4 these natural homes. This destruction makes it difficult for plants and animals to 5 in the changing environment. Humans, 6 , are deeply connected to this natural world. We rely on its clean air, fresh water and fertile land. 7 , we must take effective 8 and change our ways. This means protecting wild areas, using resources wisely and controlling pollution. Only by living more responsibly on the earth can we enjoy the 9 that nature provides for our health and happiness. If we fail to act, we might 10 facing a future of hunger and conflicts. The path forward is clear: we must rebuild our relationship with the nature, as responsible guardians, ensuring a better world for generations to come. 1、 语法填空 Passage 01 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （26-27高一下·山西晋城·期末）I will never forget the summer 1 a terrible storm hit our town. It all started three days earlier, with the weather office giving a yellow alert (预警) for the typhoon on its way. During those days the sky stayed overcast and supermarkets 2 (crowd) with people buying bottled water, batteries and instant noodles. The wind was getting stronger that afternoon before the typhoon hit, and at five o’clock, the city government raised the signal to orange, ordering all schools and construction sites 3 (stop) outdoor activities. My family and I prepared according to the official checklist. At eight o’clock in the evening, the rain arrived in sheets. 4 (sudden), the electricity failed, leaving us in the darkness. The howling wind sounded like a train passing by our house. We could hear the frightening sounds of trees breaking and objects crashing outside. We were awake all night, but we stayed calm and 5 (hope) knowing that rescue teams were on standby. The storm moved off at dawn. When we stepped outside, we faced a scene of destruction, flooded streets, and many 6 (fall) trees blocking roads. Yet within 7 hour, soldiers arrived with equipment to begin the difficult task of 8 (clear) and repairing. Soon, 9 (neighbor) appeared with their own tools and supplies, joining the effort. The days that followed were busy, yet filled 10 a shared sense of hope. Passage 02 （26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 1 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 2 (eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 3 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 4 whole city lay in ruins — almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 5 (injure). People were 6 (shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 7 (wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 8 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 9 (survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 10 (final) built on the earthquake ruins. 二、完形填空 （26-27高一下·江苏无锡·期中）The ground shook heavily, and screams filled the air. As a journalist, I rushed to the earthquake-hit area, my heart pounding with a mix of fear and a sense of 1 . When I arrived, the scene was one of complete mess. Buildings lay in ruins, and people were 2 searching for their loved ones. I saw a man crazily 3 with his bare hands, his face covered with dirt and tears. I 4 him and asked, “Can I help? Do you know if anyone is still 5 ?” He looked up at me, his eyes filled with despair and said, “My wife and kids are in there.” Without 6 , I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾). Hours passed, and our 7 didn’t pay off. But just when we were about to give up hope, we heard a weak 8 . “Listen!” I shouted. “There’s someone alive!” We 9 our efforts, and finally, we found a little girl, left in a corner, 10 but alive. The man lifted her up in his arms and 11 with joy. “Thank you,” he said to me, “You gave me back my daughter.” As I continued to report on the disaster, I saw 12 acts of kindness. I also found a ray of 13 . In a small shelter, I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 14 . When I asked her why, she smiled and said, “In the darkest of times, a little 15 can go a long way.” 1．A．duty B．entertainment C．safety D．belonging 2．A．sufficiently B．impatiently C．carelessly D．hopelessly 3．A．digging B．clapping C．conducting D．waving 4．A．awakened B．found C．recognized D．approached 5．A．trapped B．ignored C．crashed D．surrounded 6．A．confirmation B．hesitation C．warning D．regret 7．A．contribution B．attention C．effort D．adventure 8．A．voice B．noise C．silence D．footstep 9．A．reconsidered B．rearranged C．redoubled D．replaced 10．A．addicted B．injured C．lost D．deadly 11．A．jumped B．scared C．laughed D．cried 12．A．countless B．harmless C．fruitless D．thoughtless 13．A．joy B．hope C．cheer D．comfort 14．A．soldiers B．volunteers C．journalists D．survivors 15．A．warmth B．connection C．reunion D．relief 三、应用文写作 Writing 01 （26-27高一下·山东日照·阶段检测）假定你是李华，上周五你校举行了地震应急演练活动。请你以An Earthquake Drill in Our School为题，给校英文报写一篇报道。 内容包括： 1. 参与人员； 2. 活动的过程； 3. 活动的意义。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为100左右； 2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 An Earthquake Drill in Our School ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 02 （2026高一下·江苏·专题练习）假定你是校英文广播站的成员，你准备在“防灾科普周”向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。请你写一篇广播稿， 内容包括： 1. 发生火灾时如何自救； 2. 呼吁同学们关注用火安全。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 Good morning, everyone! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重难词汇精练 答案 六、选词填空 【答案】 1．G 2．F 3．D 4．J 5．I 6．C 7．A 8．K 9．B 10．E 【导语】文章阐述了地球孕育无数生命，而人类活动正破坏生态平衡，警醒人们改变行为、承担起守护自然的责任，实现人与自然和谐共生。 【详解】 1．考查固定短语。句意：众所周知，地球是唯一拥有生命的星球，它孕育了无数生物。and连接并列的谓语结构。根据空前“the earth is the only planet with life”可知，此处表达地球是无数生物的栖息地，G选项is home to表示“是……的栖息地”。 2．考查副词。句意：森林、海洋与山脉原本就是平衡的世界，所有生物都与周遭环境和谐共存。根据“These forests, oceans, and mountains were”和“balanced worlds”可知，此处表示这些生态系统原本就是平衡的，F选 项originally意为“最初，原本”，修饰balanced worlds。 3．考查介词短语。句意：同上。根据上文“balanced worlds”可知，此处表示生物和环境和谐共存，D选项in harmony with意为“与……和谐相处”，和后面名词短语一起构成介词短语作状语。 4．考查动词。句意：遗憾的是，如今人类活动，比如污染和砍伐森林，正在破坏这些自然栖息地。根据下文“This destruction”可知，人类活动正在破坏自然家园，本句为现在进行时“are+现在分词”结构，J选项destroying是destroy的现在分词，意为“破坏”。 5．考查动词。句意：这种破坏让动植物很难在变化的环境中生存。根据“This destruction makes it difficult for plants and animals to”和“in the changing environment”可知，人类破坏自然栖息地，让动植物难以生存，此处放在不定式符号to后，需要用动词原形，I选项survive意为“生存，存活”，符合句意。 6．考查介词短语。句意：毕竟，人类和这个自然世界息息相关。空处填插入语。根据“Humans”和“are deeply connected to this natural world”可知，强调人类毕竟和自然界联系紧密，C选项after all意为“毕竟”，符合逻辑语境。 7．考查副词。句意：因此，我们必须采取有效措施，改变我们的行为方式。根据上文“We rely on its clean air, fresh water and fertile land.”可知，人类依赖自然的各种资源，因此得出需要采取行动的结论，A选项Therefore是副词，意为“因此，所以”，符合逻辑关系，位于句首首字母大写。 8．考查名词。句意：同上。根据“take effective”可知，这里表示采取有效措施，K选项measures是名词，意为“措施”，短语take measures表示“采取措施”。 9．考查名词。句意：只有在地球上更负责任地生活，我们才能享受自然为我们的健康和幸福提供的益处。根据上文“We rely on its clean air, fresh water and fertile land.”和空后“that nature provides for our health and happiness”可知，我们能享受自然带来的益处，B选项benefits是名词复数，意为“益处，好处”。 10．考查动词短语。句意：如果我们不采取行动，我们最终可能会面对一个充斥着饥饿与冲突的未来。might后跟动词原形。根据“If we fail to act”可知，此处表达不行动的最终结果，E选项end up意为“最终”，end up doing sth.表示“最终以……告终”。 1、 语法填空 Passage 01 【答案】 1．when 2．were crowded 3．to stop 4．Suddenly 5．hopeful 6．fallen 7．an 8．clearing 9．neighbors 10．with 【导语】 文章主要讲述了作者所在城镇遭遇台风袭击的经历，从台风来临前的准备、台风登陆时的情景，到灾后救援和重建的过程。 【详解】 1．考查定语从句关系词。句意：我将永远不会忘记那个夏天，一场可怕的暴风雨袭击了我们的小镇。空处引导定语从句；先行词为the summer，在定语从句“a terrible storm hit our town”中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。 2．考查谓语动词。句意：那些天天空一直阴沉沉的，超市里挤满了购买瓶装水、电池和方便面的人。空处是谓语动词，与主语supermarkets之间是被动关系，表示“被挤满”，应用被动语态；句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语为复数，所以要填were crowded。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：那天下午风越来越大，五点钟时，市政府将预警信号升级为橙色，命令所有学校和建筑工地停止户外活动。order sb./sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“命令某人/某物做某事”，应用不定式作宾语补足语。 4．考查副词作状语。句意：突然，电力中断了，我们陷入黑暗之中。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，置于句首首字母大写。 5．考查形容词作表语。句意：我们整夜未眠，但我们保持冷静，并且满怀希望，因为我们知道救援队随时待命。空处作系动词stayed的表语，与calm并列，应用形容词形式hopeful，表示“满怀希望的”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们走出去时，我们看到一片破坏的景象——街道被淹，许多倒下的树木挡住了道路。空处是非谓语动词，表示动作已完成，应用过去分词fallen作定语，表示“倒下的”。 7．考查冠词。句意：然而，不到一个小时，士兵们就带着设备到达了，开始清理和修复的艰巨任务。hour为可数名词单数，此处表示“一个小时”，泛指，且hour以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，不到一个小时，士兵们就带着设备到达了，开始清理和修复的艰巨任务。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。 9．考查名词复数。句意：不久，邻居们带着自己的工具和物资出现了，加入了救援工作。空处为可数名词，根据下文“their own tools”和“joining the effort”可知，此处不止一个邻居，应用复数形式。 10．考查介词。句意：接下来的日子忙碌而充实，但充满了共同的希望。be filled with为固定搭配，意为“充满……”。 Passage 02 【答案】 1．rose 2．to eat 3．It 4．the 5．injured 6．shocked 7．wondering 8．who/that 9．survivors 10．finally 【导语】文章主要讲述了1976年唐山大地震发生前后的异常现象、地震造成的巨大破坏以及灾后救援和重建工作。 【详解】 1．考查动词时态。句意：连续几天，村里井里的水忽涨忽落。设空处与后面的fell由and连接，构成并列谓语，时态应保持一致，故rise也应用过去式rose。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：鸡和猪紧张得吃不下东西。此处为固定搭配too...to...，意为“太……而不能……”，too后接形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。 3．考查it作形式主语。句意：好像世界末日即将来临！此处为固定句型“It seems/seemed as if...”，意为“似乎/好像……”。 4．考查冠词。句意：不到一分钟，整座城市就沦为废墟——几乎所有东西都被摧毁了。分析句子结构可知，whole表示“整个的”时，其前通常要加定冠词the，the whole city意为“整座城市”。 5．考查形容词。句意：那里三分之二的人死亡或受伤。分析句子结构可知，设空处与got构成系表结构，get injured为固定搭配，意为“受伤”，injured“受伤的”，在句中作表语。 6．考查形容词。句意：人们对此感到震惊，更糟糕的是，随后另一场大地震再次袭击了唐山。设空处与were构成系表结构，be shocked at为固定搭配，意为“对……感到震惊”，shocked“感到震惊的”，在句中作表语，修饰人。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们陷入了深深的困境，想知道这场灾难还会持续多久。句中已有谓语动词got，设空处应用非谓语动词；wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。 8．考查定语从句。句意：军队组织队伍挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为those，指代人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。 9．考查名词复数。句意：工人们为幸存者搭建避难所。设空处作介词for的宾语，应用名词形式；survivor为可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，且幸存者不止一人，应用复数形式。 10．考查副词。句意：在政府的有力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山最终在地震废墟上建立起来。设空处修饰动词built，应用副词形式；final为形容词，其副词形式为finally，意为“最终，终于”。 二、完形填空 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】文章讲述记者奔赴震区报道灾情，协助男子救出被困女儿，目睹无数善意，明白微小温暖能支撑人们渡过灾难。 【详解】 1．考查名词。句意：作为一名记者，我赶往地震灾区，心中交织着恐惧与责任感。A. duty责任；B. entertainment娱乐；C. safety安全；D. belonging归属感。根据前文“As a journalist, I rushed to the earthquake-hit area”可知，此处指记者奔赴灾区是履行职业职责，即报道灾情。 2．考查副词。句意：房屋沦为一片废墟，人们绝望地搜寻着自己的亲人。A. sufficiently充足地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. hopelessly绝望地。根据前文“Buildings lay in ruins”可知，建筑全部坍塌，人们寻亲无果，内心满是绝望。 3．考查动词。句意：我看见一名男子疯狂徒手刨挖，脸上沾满尘土与泪水。A. digging挖掘；B. clapping鼓掌；C. conducting指挥；D. waving挥手。根据后文“together we removed the heavy debris”可知，两人一同清理瓦砾救人，男子在用手刨挖废墟。 4．考查动词。句意：我走到他身旁询问：“我能帮忙吗？你知道还有人被困在里面吗？”A. awakened唤醒；B. found找到；C. recognized认出；D. approached走近。根据后文“and asked”以及语境可知，此处指作者先靠近了他，然后主动开口和男子搭话。 5．考查形容词。句意：我走到他身旁询问：“我能帮忙吗？你知道还有人被困在里面吗？”A. trapped被困的；B. ignored被忽视的；C. crashed撞毁的；D. surrounded被包围的。根据前文“Buildings lay in ruins”描述地震 导致房屋坍塌可知，此处指亲人被困在瓦砾之下。 6．考查名词。句意：我毫不犹豫地加入他，一同搬开厚重的瓦砾。A. confirmation确认；B. hesitation犹豫；C. warning警告；D. regret懊悔。根据后文“I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾)”描述作者立刻动手帮忙救人可知，当时作者没有丝毫迟疑。 7．考查名词。句意：数个小时过去了，我们的努力没有得到回报。A. contribution贡献；B. attention注意力；C. effort努力；D. adventure冒险。根据前文“I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾)”描述作者们刨挖废墟可知，此处指代救人付出的努力。 8．考查名词。句意：就在我们快要放弃希望时，一阵微弱的人声传了过来。A. voice人声；B. noise噪音；C. silence寂静；D. footstep脚步声。根据后文“There’s someone alive!”可知，此处指废墟下传来人的说话声。 9．考查动词。句意：我们加倍卖力挖掘，最终在角落找到了一个小女孩，她受了伤，但还活着。A. reconsidered重新考虑；B. rearranged重新整理；C. redoubled加倍；D. replaced替代。根据前文“we heard a weak 　　　　 . ”描述听到生还者的声音可知，作者们有了动力，加倍拼命地挖掘。 10．考查形容词。句意：我们加倍卖力挖掘，最终在角落找到了一个小女孩，她受了伤，但还活着。A. addicted上瘾的；B. injured受伤的；C. lost迷路的；D. deadly致命的。根据前文“we removed the heavy debris”以及语境可知，此处指小女孩被掩埋在地震废墟中，身上带有伤势。 11．考查动词。句意：男人一把抱起孩子，喜极而泣。A. jumped跳跃；B. scared使害怕；C. laughed大笑；D. cried哭泣。根据后文“You gave me back my daughter”以及语境可知，男子苦苦寻找女儿许久，终于寻回孩子，激动落泪。 12．考查形容词。句意：在继续报道这场灾难的过程中，我看见了无数充满善意的举动。A. countless无数的；B. harmless无害的；C. fruitless徒劳的；D. thoughtless轻率的。根据后文“In a small shelter, I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 　　　　 . ”讲述老奶奶为灾民织围巾的暖心事例以及语境可知，此处指作者能看出善举数量很多。 13．考查名词。句意：我也从中看到了一丝希望。A. joy喜悦；B. hope希望；C. cheer欢呼；D. comfort安慰。根据后文“I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 　　　　 .”描述灾难中人们互相帮扶、传递温暖可知，此处指在灾难黑暗中生出希望。 14．考查名词。句意：在一处临时避难所，我遇见一位老奶奶，她正在为幸存者编织围巾。A. soldiers士兵；B. volunteers志愿者；C. journalists记者；D. survivors幸存者。根据前文“The ground shook heavily, and screams filled the air.”描述地震发生可知，此处指幸存下来的受灾群众需要安抚，老奶奶织围巾送给受灾存活的人。 15．考查名词。句意：她笑着说：“在最黑暗的时刻，一点点温暖就能带来莫大的力量。”A. warmth温暖；B. connection联系；C. reunion团聚；D. relief宽慰。根据前文“I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 　　　　 ”描述老奶奶编织围巾送给灾民可知，此处指老奶奶用围巾给幸存者带来温暖。 三、应用文写作 Writing 01 【答案】                                                        An Earthquake Drill in Our School Our school held an earthquake drill at 7:00 am last Friday. All the teachers and students took part in the drill. When hearing the sound of alarm, we all ran out in order from the classroom. When we ran, all of us were bent over. We covered our heads with books to protect ourselves from falling things. All participants treated the drill seriously. Within three minutes, all ran to the playground, where the headmaster did a summary for the drill. The purpose of this earthquake drill was to train teachers and students to have the ability of self-protection and self-help. It left a deep impression on me. 【导语】题目要求考生以An Earthquake Drill in Our School为题，给校英文报写一篇报道，介绍地震应急演练活动的相关情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：hold → carry out 保护：protect → safeguard 目的：purpose → aim/goal 能力：ability → capacity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We covered our heads with books to protect ourselves from falling things. 拓展句：We covered our heads with books so that we could protect ourselves from falling things. 【点睛】【高分句型1】When hearing the sound of alarm, we all ran out in order from the classroom.（运用了状语从句的省略） 【高分句型2】Within three minutes, all ran to the playground, where the headmaster did a summary for the drill.（运用了where引导非限制性定语从句） Writing 02 【答案】 Good morning, everyone! As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some knowledge about fire emergencies. When a fire breaks out, what comes first is that you should keep your head. Then, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, bend down and move along the wall to find the nearest exit. Remember that we should never use the elevator or jump from windows. Besides, call 119 for help immediately. Let’s all pay close attention to fire safety and prevent fires from happening. Thanks for listening. 【导语】要求考生写一篇广播稿在“防灾科普周”向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将来临：around the corner→ approaching/drawing near 安全：safety→security 密切关注：pay attention to→ keep an eye on 阻止，防止：prevent→ guard against 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：Remember that we should never use the elevator or jump from windows. 拓展句：What we should keep in mind is that we should never use the elevator or jump from windows 【点睛】【高分句型1】As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some knowledge about fire emergencies. （运用了As引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】When a fire breaks out, what comes first is that you should keep your head.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及that引导表语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 四、重点句式 五、重点单词精讲 2 六、选词填空 6 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、完形填空 11 三、应用文写作 11 一、重点单词 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2.flood n. 洪水；大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满水；淹没 3.rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 4.damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 5.destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 6.death n. 死；死亡 7.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 8.shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护；vt. 保护；掩蔽；vi. 躲避（风雨或危险） 9.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝；vi. & vt.（使）破裂 10.ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 11.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；vt.（使）震惊 12.electricity n. 电；电能 13.trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套；n. 险境；陷阱 14.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 15.breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 16.revive vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒 17.revival n. 振兴；复苏 18.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 19.unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体 20.suffer vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；vt. 遭受；蒙受 21.erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 22.supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 23.survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 24.power n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 25.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 26.sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 27.strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打；n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 28.deliver vt. 递送；传送；传达；发表 29.effect n. 影响；结果；效果 二、词性转换 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 → disastrous adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的 2. flood n. 洪水；大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满水；淹没 → flooded adj. 被水淹没的 → flooding n. 洪水泛滥 3. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 → rescuer n. 救援者；救助者 4. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 → damaged adj. 被损坏的 → damaging adj. 有破坏性的 5. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 → destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 → destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 6. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出；vi. 撤离 → evacuation n. 疏散；撤离 7. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 → effect n. 影响；效果；作用 → effective adj. 有效的；起作用的 8. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝；vi. & vt.（使）破裂 → cracked adj. 破裂的；破碎的 9. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 → ruined adj. 毁坏的；破败的 10. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；vt.（使）震惊 → shocked adj. 震惊的；惊愕的 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的 11. electricity n. 电；电能 → electric adj. 电的；电动的 → electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的 → electronic adj. 电子的 12. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套；n. 险境；陷阱 → trapped adj. 被困住的；陷入困境的 13. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 → burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 → buried adj. 埋葬的；隐藏的 14. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 → breath n. 呼吸；气息 → breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 15. revive vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒 → revival n. 振兴；复苏 → revived adj. 复活的；复兴的 16. suffer vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；vt. 遭受；蒙受 → suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 → sufferer n. 受难者；患者 17. erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 → eruption n. 爆发；喷发 → eruptive adj. 爆发的；喷发的 18. supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 → supplier n. 供应商；供应者 19. survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 → survival n. 生存；幸存 → survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 20. power n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 → powerful adj. 强大的；有影响力的 → powerless adj. 无力的；无权的 21. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 → emergent adj. 紧急的；突发的 22. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 → calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 → calmness n. 平静；镇静 23. strike vi. & vt. ( struck, struck/stricken ) 侵袭；突击；击打；n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 → striking adj. 显著的；惊人的 → striker n. 罢工者；打击者 24. deliver vt. 递送；传送；传达；发表 → delivery n. 递送；交付；分娩 → deliverer n. 递送者；演讲者 三、核心短语 1.volcanic eruption 火山喷发 2.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 3.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 4.in shock 震惊；吃惊 5.in the open air 露天；在户外 6.first aid kit 急救箱 7.on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 8.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 四、重点句式 1. 句式：It seemed as if… 句型It seemed as if the world was coming to an end.仿佛世界末日即将来临。 2. 句式：who 引导定语从句 The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 在地震中丧生或重伤的人数超过了 40 万。 3. 句式：be doing sth..... when 句型I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水开始漫进我家。 5、 重点单词精讲 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 1) natural disaster 自然灾害 2) disaster relief 救灾；灾难援助 3) disastrous adj. 灾难性的； ①Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can destroy homes and lives in seconds.地震、洪水等自然灾害能在瞬间摧毁家园与生命。 2. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 1) rescue sb. from... 从…… 中营救某人 2) come to one's rescue 前来营救某人 3) rescue team 救援队 ①The brave firefighters risked their lives to rescue people trapped in the burning building.勇敢的消防员冒着生命危险营救被困在着火大楼里的人们。 3. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 1) do/cause damage to... 对…… 造成损害 2) suffer damage 遭受损失 3) damaged adj. 被损坏的 ①The heavy rain caused serious damage to the old bridge, so it had to be closed.暴雨对这座旧桥造成了严重损坏，因此它不得不被关闭。 4.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 1) affect sb./sth. 影响某人/某物 2) be affected by... 被…… 影响/打动 3) effect n. 影响；效果 4) effective adj. 有效的 ①The long drought affected the growth of crops, leading to a poor harvest this year.长期的干旱影响了农作物的生长，导致今年收成不佳。 5. survive vi. 生存；存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 1) survive on... 靠…… 生存 2) survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 3) survival n. 生存；幸存 4) survivor n. 幸存者 ② She was the only passenger who survived the plane crash, which shocked the whole country.她是这次空难中唯一幸存的乘客，这件事震惊了全国。 6.suffer vi. 受苦；受折磨；vt. 遭受；蒙受 1) suffer from... 遭受……；患…… 病 2) suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦 / 损失 3) suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 ② The town suffered great losses during the war, but people never gave up hope.这座城镇在战争中遭受了巨大损失，但人们从未放弃希望。 7. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；vi. & vt. 使平静；使镇静 1) calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 2) keep calm 保持冷静 3) calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地 ① When the earthquake happened, she tried to stay calm and told everyone to hide under the desks.地震发生时，她努力保持冷静，告诉大家躲到桌子底下。 ② It is important to calm down and think clearly when you are in a dangerous situation.身处险境时，冷静下来并清晰思考是非常重要的。 8. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资；vt. 帮助；援助 1) first aid 急救 2) come to one's aid 帮助某人 3) aid sb. in/with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 ①Knowing how to give first aid can save lives in an emergency.懂得如何实施急救能在紧急情况下挽救生命。 ② Many countries sent food and medical aid to the area hit by the earthquake.许多国家向地震受灾地区运送了食品和医疗援助物资。 9. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 1) destroy everything 毁掉一切 2) destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 3) destructive adj. 破坏性的 ①The big fire destroyed most of the houses in the village.这场大火烧毁了村里大部分房屋。 ②War brings nothing but pain and destruction.战争带来的只有痛苦与毁灭。 10.shock n. 震惊；休克；vt. 使震惊 1) in shock 震惊；休克 2) shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3) shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ①The news of his death shocked the whole country.他离世的消息震惊了全国。 ②She was still in shock after the accident.事故发生后，她依旧惊魂未定。 11.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋 1) be buried in… 埋头于；沉浸于 2) burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 3) buried adj. 被埋的 ①Many people were buried alive in the earthquake.地震中许多人被活活掩埋。 ②He buried himself in his work to forget the pain.他埋头工作，试图忘却痛苦。 12. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 1) take a deep breath 深呼吸 2) breath n. 呼吸；气息 3) breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 ① Take a deep breath and you will feel relaxed.深呼吸，你就会感到放松。 ② We were breathless after running up the stairs.跑上楼梯后，我们累得气喘吁吁。 13.supply n. 供应；补给；vt. 供应；供给 1) supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 2) in short supply 供应不足 3) supplies n. 补给品 ① The factory supplies the market with fresh vegetables every day.这家工厂每天为市场供应新鲜蔬菜。 ② Food supplies are running out in the disaster area.灾区的食物补给即将耗尽。 六、选词填空 （25-26高一上·广东深圳·阶段检测） 请在方框中选择合适的词汇，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。 A．Therefore    B．benefits   C． after all   D．in harmony with   E. end up   F. originally G. is home to   H. in case   I. survive   J. destroying   K. measures 注意：(1)每个选项只能使用一次； (2)方框中有一个多余选项。 For all we know, the earth is the only planet with life, and 1 countless creatures. These forests, oceans, and mountains were 2 balanced worlds where all living things existed 3 their surroundings. Sadly, human activities today, such as pollution and deforestation, are 4 these natural homes. This destruction makes it difficult for plants and animals to 5 in the changing environment. Humans, 6 , are deeply connected to this natural world. We rely on its clean air, fresh water and fertile land. 7 , we must take effective 8 and change our ways. This means protecting wild areas, using resources wisely and controlling pollution. Only by living more responsibly on the earth can we enjoy the 9 that nature provides for our health and happiness. If we fail to act, we might 10 facing a future of hunger and conflicts. The path forward is clear: we must rebuild our relationship with the nature, as responsible guardians, ensuring a better world for generations to come. 【答案】 1．G 2．F 3．D 4．J 5．I 6．C 7．A 8．K 9．B 10．E 【导语】文章阐述了地球孕育无数生命，而人类活动正破坏生态平衡，警醒人们改变行为、承担起守护自然的责任，实现人与自然和谐共生。 【详解】 1．考查固定短语。句意：众所周知，地球是唯一拥有生命的星球，它孕育了无数生物。and连接并列的谓语结构。根据空前“the earth is the only planet with life”可知，此处表达地球是无数生物的栖息地，G选项is home to表示“是……的栖息地”。 2．考查副词。句意：森林、海洋与山脉原本就是平衡的世界，所有生物都与周遭环境和谐共存。根据“These forests, oceans, and mountains were”和“balanced worlds”可知，此处表示这些生态系统原本就是平衡的，F选 项originally意为“最初，原本”，修饰balanced worlds。 3．考查介词短语。句意：同上。根据上文“balanced worlds”可知，此处表示生物和环境和谐共存，D选项in harmony with意为“与……和谐相处”，和后面名词短语一起构成介词短语作状语。 4．考查动词。句意：遗憾的是，如今人类活动，比如污染和砍伐森林，正在破坏这些自然栖息地。根据下文“This destruction”可知，人类活动正在破坏自然家园，本句为现在进行时“are+现在分词”结构，J选项destroying是destroy的现在分词，意为“破坏”。 5．考查动词。句意：这种破坏让动植物很难在变化的环境中生存。根据“This destruction makes it difficult for plants and animals to”和“in the changing environment”可知，人类破坏自然栖息地，让动植物难以生存，此处放在不定式符号to后，需要用动词原形，I选项survive意为“生存，存活”，符合句意。 6．考查介词短语。句意：毕竟，人类和这个自然世界息息相关。空处填插入语。根据“Humans”和“are deeply connected to this natural world”可知，强调人类毕竟和自然界联系紧密，C选项after all意为“毕竟”，符合逻辑语境。 7．考查副词。句意：因此，我们必须采取有效措施，改变我们的行为方式。根据上文“We rely on its clean air, fresh water and fertile land.”可知，人类依赖自然的各种资源，因此得出需要采取行动的结论，A选项Therefore是副词，意为“因此，所以”，符合逻辑关系，位于句首首字母大写。 8．考查名词。句意：同上。根据“take effective”可知，这里表示采取有效措施，K选项measures是名词，意为“措施”，短语take measures表示“采取措施”。 9．考查名词。句意：只有在地球上更负责任地生活，我们才能享受自然为我们的健康和幸福提供的益处。根据上文“We rely on its clean air, fresh water and fertile land.”和空后“that nature provides for our health and happiness”可知，我们能享受自然带来的益处，B选项benefits是名词复数，意为“益处，好处”。 10．考查动词短语。句意：如果我们不采取行动，我们最终可能会面对一个充斥着饥饿与冲突的未来。might后跟动词原形。根据“If we fail to act”可知，此处表达不行动的最终结果，E选项end up意为“最终”，end up doing sth.表示“最终以……告终”。 1、 语法填空 Passage 01 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （26-27高一下·山西晋城·期末）I will never forget the summer 1 a terrible storm hit our town. It all started three days earlier, with the weather office giving a yellow alert (预警) for the typhoon on its way. During those days the sky stayed overcast and supermarkets 2 (crowd) with people buying bottled water, batteries and instant noodles. The wind was getting stronger that afternoon before the typhoon hit, and at five o’clock, the city government raised the signal to orange, ordering all schools and construction sites 3 (stop) outdoor activities. My family and I prepared according to the official checklist. At eight o’clock in the evening, the rain arrived in sheets. 4 (sudden), the electricity failed, leaving us in the darkness. The howling wind sounded like a train passing by our house. We could hear the frightening sounds of trees breaking and objects crashing outside. We were awake all night, but we stayed calm and 5 (hope) knowing that rescue teams were on standby. The storm moved off at dawn. When we stepped outside, we faced a scene of destruction, flooded streets, and many 6 (fall) trees blocking roads. Yet within 7 hour, soldiers arrived with equipment to begin the difficult task of 8 (clear) and repairing. Soon, 9 (neighbor) appeared with their own tools and supplies, joining the effort. The days that followed were busy, yet filled 10 a shared sense of hope. 【答案】 1．when 2．were crowded 3．to stop 4．Suddenly 5．hopeful 6．fallen 7．an 8．clearing 9．neighbors 10．with 【导语】 文章主要讲述了作者所在城镇遭遇台风袭击的经历，从台风来临前的准备、台风登陆时的情景，到灾后救援和重建的过程。 【详解】 1．考查定语从句关系词。句意：我将永远不会忘记那个夏天，一场可怕的暴风雨袭击了我们的小镇。空处引导定语从句；先行词为the summer，在定语从句“a terrible storm hit our town”中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。 2．考查谓语动词。句意：那些天天空一直阴沉沉的，超市里挤满了购买瓶装水、电池和方便面的人。空处是谓语动词，与主语supermarkets之间是被动关系，表示“被挤满”，应用被动语态；句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语为复数，所以要填were crowded。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：那天下午风越来越大，五点钟时，市政府将预警信号升级为橙色，命令所有学校和建筑工地停止户外活动。order sb./sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“命令某人/某物做某事”，应用不定式作宾语补足语。 4．考查副词作状语。句意：突然，电力中断了，我们陷入黑暗之中。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，置于句首首字母大写。 5．考查形容词作表语。句意：我们整夜未眠，但我们保持冷静，并且满怀希望，因为我们知道救援队随时待命。空处作系动词stayed的表语，与calm并列，应用形容词形式hopeful，表示“满怀希望的”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们走出去时，我们看到一片破坏的景象——街道被淹，许多倒下的树木挡住了道路。空处是非谓语动词，表示动作已完成，应用过去分词fallen作定语，表示“倒下的”。 7．考查冠词。句意：然而，不到一个小时，士兵们就带着设备到达了，开始清理和修复的艰巨任务。hour为可数名词单数，此处表示“一个小时”，泛指，且hour以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，不到一个小时，士兵们就带着设备到达了，开始清理和修复的艰巨任务。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。 9．考查名词复数。句意：不久，邻居们带着自己的工具和物资出现了，加入了救援工作。空处为可数名词，根据下文“their own tools”和“joining the effort”可知，此处不止一个邻居，应用复数形式。 10．考查介词。句意：接下来的日子忙碌而充实，但充满了共同的希望。be filled with为固定搭配，意为“充满……”。 Passage 02 （26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 1 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 2 (eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 3 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 4 whole city lay in ruins — almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 5 (injure). People were 6 (shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 7 (wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 8 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 9 (survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 10 (final) built on the earthquake ruins. 【答案】 1．rose 2．to eat 3．It 4．the 5．injured 6．shocked 7．wondering 8．who/that 9．survivors 10．finally 【导语】文章主要讲述了1976年唐山大地震发生前后的异常现象、地震造成的巨大破坏以及灾后救援和重建工作。 【详解】 1．考查动词时态。句意：连续几天，村里井里的水忽涨忽落。设空处与后面的fell由and连接，构成并列谓语，时态应保持一致，故rise也应用过去式rose。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：鸡和猪紧张得吃不下东西。此处为固定搭配too...to...，意为“太……而不能……”，too后接形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。 3．考查it作形式主语。句意：好像世界末日即将来临！此处为固定句型“It seems/seemed as if...”，意为“似乎/好像……”。 4．考查冠词。句意：不到一分钟，整座城市就沦为废墟——几乎所有东西都被摧毁了。分析句子结构可知，whole表示“整个的”时，其前通常要加定冠词the，the whole city意为“整座城市”。 5．考查形容词。句意：那里三分之二的人死亡或受伤。分析句子结构可知，设空处与got构成系表结构，get injured为固定搭配，意为“受伤”，injured“受伤的”，在句中作表语。 6．考查形容词。句意：人们对此感到震惊，更糟糕的是，随后另一场大地震再次袭击了唐山。设空处与were构成系表结构，be shocked at为固定搭配，意为“对……感到震惊”，shocked“感到震惊的”，在句中作表语，修饰人。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们陷入了深深的困境，想知道这场灾难还会持续多久。句中已有谓语动词got，设空处应用非谓语动词；wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。 8．考查定语从句。句意：军队组织队伍挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为those，指代人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。 9．考查名词复数。句意：工人们为幸存者搭建避难所。设空处作介词for的宾语，应用名词形式；survivor为可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，且幸存者不止一人，应用复数形式。 10．考查副词。句意：在政府的有力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山最终在地震废墟上建立起来。设空处修饰动词built，应用副词形式；final为形容词，其副词形式为finally，意为“最终，终于”。 二、完形填空 （26-27高一下·江苏无锡·期中）The ground shook heavily, and screams filled the air. As a journalist, I rushed to the earthquake-hit area, my heart pounding with a mix of fear and a sense of 1 . When I arrived, the scene was one of complete mess. Buildings lay in ruins, and people were 2 searching for their loved ones. I saw a man crazily 3 with his bare hands, his face covered with dirt and tears. I 4 him and asked, “Can I help? Do you know if anyone is still 5 ?” He looked up at me, his eyes filled with despair and said, “My wife and kids are in there.” Without 6 , I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾). Hours passed, and our 7 didn’t pay off. But just when we were about to give up hope, we heard a weak 8 . “Listen!” I shouted. “There’s someone alive!” We 9 our efforts, and finally, we found a little girl, left in a corner, 10 but alive. The man lifted her up in his arms and 11 with joy. “Thank you,” he said to me, “You gave me back my daughter.” As I continued to report on the disaster, I saw 12 acts of kindness. I also found a ray of 13 . In a small shelter, I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 14 . When I asked her why, she smiled and said, “In the darkest of times, a little 15 can go a long way.” 1．A．duty B．entertainment C．safety D．belonging 2．A．sufficiently B．impatiently C．carelessly D．hopelessly 3．A．digging B．clapping C．conducting D．waving 4．A．awakened B．found C．recognized D．approached 5．A．trapped B．ignored C．crashed D．surrounded 6．A．confirmation B．hesitation C．warning D．regret 7．A．contribution B．attention C．effort D．adventure 8．A．voice B．noise C．silence D．footstep 9．A．reconsidered B．rearranged C．redoubled D．replaced 10．A．addicted B．injured C．lost D．deadly 11．A．jumped B．scared C．laughed D．cried 12．A．countless B．harmless C．fruitless D．thoughtless 13．A．joy B．hope C．cheer D．comfort 14．A．soldiers B．volunteers C．journalists D．survivors 15．A．warmth B．connection C．reunion D．relief 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】文章讲述记者奔赴震区报道灾情，协助男子救出被困女儿，目睹无数善意，明白微小温暖能支撑人们渡过灾难。 【详解】 1．考查名词。句意：作为一名记者，我赶往地震灾区，心中交织着恐惧与责任感。A. duty责任；B. entertainment娱乐；C. safety安全；D. belonging归属感。根据前文“As a journalist, I rushed to the earthquake-hit area”可知，此处指记者奔赴灾区是履行职业职责，即报道灾情。 2．考查副词。句意：房屋沦为一片废墟，人们绝望地搜寻着自己的亲人。A. sufficiently充足地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. hopelessly绝望地。根据前文“Buildings lay in ruins”可知，建筑全部坍塌，人们寻亲无果，内心满是绝望。 3．考查动词。句意：我看见一名男子疯狂徒手刨挖，脸上沾满尘土与泪水。A. digging挖掘；B. clapping鼓掌；C. conducting指挥；D. waving挥手。根据后文“together we removed the heavy debris”可知，两人一同清理瓦砾救人，男子在用手刨挖废墟。 4．考查动词。句意：我走到他身旁询问：“我能帮忙吗？你知道还有人被困在里面吗？”A. awakened唤醒；B. found找到；C. recognized认出；D. approached走近。根据后文“and asked”以及语境可知，此处指作者先靠近了他，然后主动开口和男子搭话。 5．考查形容词。句意：我走到他身旁询问：“我能帮忙吗？你知道还有人被困在里面吗？”A. trapped被困的；B. ignored被忽视的；C. crashed撞毁的；D. surrounded被包围的。根据前文“Buildings lay in ruins”描述地震 导致房屋坍塌可知，此处指亲人被困在瓦砾之下。 6．考查名词。句意：我毫不犹豫地加入他，一同搬开厚重的瓦砾。A. confirmation确认；B. hesitation犹豫；C. warning警告；D. regret懊悔。根据后文“I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾)”描述作者立刻动手帮忙救人可知，当时作者没有丝毫迟疑。 7．考查名词。句意：数个小时过去了，我们的努力没有得到回报。A. contribution贡献；B. attention注意力；C. effort努力；D. adventure冒险。根据前文“I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾)”描述作者们刨挖废墟可知，此处指代救人付出的努力。 8．考查名词。句意：就在我们快要放弃希望时，一阵微弱的人声传了过来。A. voice人声；B. noise噪音；C. silence寂静；D. footstep脚步声。根据后文“There’s someone alive!”可知，此处指废墟下传来人的说话声。 9．考查动词。句意：我们加倍卖力挖掘，最终在角落找到了一个小女孩，她受了伤，但还活着。A. reconsidered重新考虑；B. rearranged重新整理；C. redoubled加倍；D. replaced替代。根据前文“we heard a weak 　　　　 . ”描述听到生还者的声音可知，作者们有了动力，加倍拼命地挖掘。 10．考查形容词。句意：我们加倍卖力挖掘，最终在角落找到了一个小女孩，她受了伤，但还活着。A. addicted上瘾的；B. injured受伤的；C. lost迷路的；D. deadly致命的。根据前文“we removed the heavy debris”以及语境可知，此处指小女孩被掩埋在地震废墟中，身上带有伤势。 11．考查动词。句意：男人一把抱起孩子，喜极而泣。A. jumped跳跃；B. scared使害怕；C. laughed大笑；D. cried哭泣。根据后文“You gave me back my daughter”以及语境可知，男子苦苦寻找女儿许久，终于寻回孩子，激动落泪。 12．考查形容词。句意：在继续报道这场灾难的过程中，我看见了无数充满善意的举动。A. countless无数的；B. harmless无害的；C. fruitless徒劳的；D. thoughtless轻率的。根据后文“In a small shelter, I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 　　　　 . ”讲述老奶奶为灾民织围巾的暖心事例以及语境可知，此处指作者能看出善举数量很多。 13．考查名词。句意：我也从中看到了一丝希望。A. joy喜悦；B. hope希望；C. cheer欢呼；D. comfort安慰。根据后文“I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 　　　　 .”描述灾难中人们互相帮扶、传递温暖可知，此处指在灾难黑暗中生出希望。 14．考查名词。句意：在一处临时避难所，我遇见一位老奶奶，她正在为幸存者编织围巾。A. soldiers士兵；B. volunteers志愿者；C. journalists记者；D. survivors幸存者。根据前文“The ground shook heavily, and screams filled the air.”描述地震发生可知，此处指幸存下来的受灾群众需要安抚，老奶奶织围巾送给受灾存活的人。 15．考查名词。句意：她笑着说：“在最黑暗的时刻，一点点温暖就能带来莫大的力量。”A. warmth温暖；B. connection联系；C. reunion团聚；D. relief宽慰。根据前文“I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 　　　　 ”描述老奶奶编织围巾送给灾民可知，此处指老奶奶用围巾给幸存者带来温暖。 三、应用文写作 Writing 01 （26-27高一下·山东日照·阶段检测）假定你是李华，上周五你校举行了地震应急演练活动。请你以An Earthquake Drill in Our School为题，给校英文报写一篇报道。 内容包括： 1. 参与人员； 2. 活动的过程； 3. 活动的意义。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为100左右； 2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 An Earthquake Drill in Our School ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                                                        An Earthquake Drill in Our School Our school held an earthquake drill at 7:00 am last Friday. All the teachers and students took part in the drill. When hearing the sound of alarm, we all ran out in order from the classroom. When we ran, all of us were bent over. We covered our heads with books to protect ourselves from falling things. All participants treated the drill seriously. Within three minutes, all ran to the playground, where the headmaster did a summary for the drill. The purpose of this earthquake drill was to train teachers and students to have the ability of self-protection and self-help. It left a deep impression on me. 【导语】题目要求考生以An Earthquake Drill in Our School为题，给校英文报写一篇报道，介绍地震应急演练活动的相关情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：hold → carry out 保护：protect → safeguard 目的：purpose → aim/goal 能力：ability → capacity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We covered our heads with books to protect ourselves from falling things. 拓展句：We covered our heads with books so that we could protect ourselves from falling things. 【点睛】【高分句型1】When hearing the sound of alarm, we all ran out in order from the classroom.（运用了状语从句的省略） 【高分句型2】Within three minutes, all ran to the playground, where the headmaster did a summary for the drill.（运用了where引导非限制性定语从句） Writing 02 （2026高一下·江苏·专题练习）假定你是校英文广播站的成员，你准备在“防灾科普周”向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。请你写一篇广播稿， 内容包括： 1. 发生火灾时如何自救； 2. 呼吁同学们关注用火安全。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 Good morning, everyone! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Good morning, everyone! As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some knowledge about fire emergencies. When a fire breaks out, what comes first is that you should keep your head. Then, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, bend down and move along the wall to find the nearest exit. Remember that we should never use the elevator or jump from windows. Besides, call 119 for help immediately. Let’s all pay close attention to fire safety and prevent fires from happening. Thanks for listening. 【导语】要求考生写一篇广播稿在“防灾科普周”向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将来临：around the corner→ approaching/drawing near 安全：safety→security 密切关注：pay attention to→ keep an eye on 阻止，防止：prevent→ guard against 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：Remember that we should never use the elevator or jump from windows. 拓展句：What we should keep in mind is that we should never use the elevator or jump from windows 【点睛】【高分句型1】As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some knowledge about fire emergencies. （运用了As引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】When a fire breaks out, what comes first is that you should keep your head.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及that引导表语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $