必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦自然灾害主题，整合话题词块、核心词汇（如ruin, survive）、经典句型（too...to..., as if）及读写技能，按“基础积累-能力应用-真题对接”逻辑架构知识点。通过考点梳理（词汇变形、固定搭配）、方法指导（微写作、一句多译）、真题训练（高考语篇解读）等环节，帮助学生系统构建主题知识网络，突破高考高频难点。 资料突出分层教学与核心素养融合，如设置词形转换、固定用法、话题写作（消防安全通知）三级练习，通过“熟词生义辨析”“真题语篇再做”培养学生思维品质与语言能力。提供即时反馈与策略指导，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应试技能与综合语言运用能力。

话题词块 话题佳句 1.cause enormous damage　　导致巨大的损害 2.rescue work 救援工作 3.stricken district/area 受灾地区 4.destroy the whole city 摧毁整个城市 5.wash away bridges 冲垮桥梁 6.lose one's precious life 失去宝贵生命 7.suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦/损失 8.the extreme lack of water，food and electricity 极度缺乏水、食物和电 9.without any warning 毫无预兆地 10.give aid to 给予……帮助 1.Last week，severe haze struck my hometown，making it too dark to see anything. 上周，我的家乡出现了严重的雾霾，使得天空昏暗，看不见任何东西。 2.So far，the earthquake has killed about 1,000 people and has left thousands injured. 到目前为止，地震已造成约1 000人死亡，数千人受伤。 3.The city has organized rescue groups and are ready to go wherever help is needed. 该市组织了救援小组并随时准备去任何需要帮助的地方。 [核心词汇——逐点清] 1．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 (1)be/lie in ruins　　成为废墟；毁灭 fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin one's health/hope/chance/future毁坏健康/希望/机会/前途 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 [练通]——单句语法填空 ①Heavy smoking 　ruins　(ruin) your health，so you should give it up. ②If you don't give up the computer games，you'll ruin 　yourself　(you)． ③A large number of bridges and buildings were 　in　 ruins after the biggest flooding in mid­July. [金句]——微写作 ④地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。 →　The_whole_city_lay_in_ruins　 after the earthquake，which made us sleepless all night. 2．bury vt.埋葬；安葬 (1)埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands　双手掩面 [金句]——微写作/一句多译 ①听到这个坏消息，她双手捂着脸哭了。 Hearing the bad news，she　_buried_her_face_in_her_hands　 and cried. 玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 ②　Buried　 in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part­time job. ③　Burying　 herself in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part­time job. ④Because Mary 　was_buried_in　 her graduation paper，she has no time to do a part­time job. 3．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给 (1)in short supply　　　短缺 a good supply of ... 一批……，许多…… medical supplies 医疗用品 (2)supply sth.to sb. 为某人提供某物 supply sb.with sth. 为某人提供某物 [练通]——单句语法填空 ①I'd like to know the reason why the milk is 　in　 short supply in this area now. ②The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes 　to　 the local people since the earthquake happened. [金句]——一句多译 没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。 ③There is no need to worry.We can 　supply_you_with　 whatever you need. ④There is no need to worry.We can 　supply_whatever_you_need_to_you　. 4．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 (1)A survive B (by ...)　　A比B活得长…… survive on 依靠……生存下来 survive from从……存活下来；流传下来 (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 [练通]——单句语法填空 ①How does the family survive　on　 such a small monthly wage? ②(2023·北京卷)That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only　survived　(survive)the lockdown(封锁) but worked where traditional methods didn't. ③Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the 　survival　(survive) of our natural resources. ④The 　survivors　(survive) of the earthquake are fighting for survival. [点津]　survive表示“幸存；幸免于”时为及物动词，其宾语前不用加in或from。 [金句]——微写作 ⑤毫无疑问，不吸烟的人会比吸烟者活得更久。 →There is no doubt that 　non­smokers_will_survive_smokers_much_longer　. 5．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静 (1)calm down　　　平静下来 calm sb.down使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来 (2)keep/stay calm 保持镇静 (3)calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地 [练通]——完成句子 ①After 　I_calmed_down　(我平静下来)，I played football better. ②Try to 　keep_calm　(保持镇静) in time of danger. ③Have some water and 　calm_yourself_down　(让自己平静下来)． ④When he was trapped in the flood，he 　gave_his_wife_a_call_calmly　(镇静地给妻子打了个电话)． 6．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 (1)be struck by/on/with　被……打动；迷恋…… It strikes sb.that...　　　某人突然想到…… strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 (2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 介词on用于“说明活动或状态”。常见的短语有哪些？ 答案：on business/on holiday/on vacation/on duty/on show/on exhibition/on move等。 [练通]——写出下列句中strike的含义 ①The clock struck twelve when I got home last night.　(钟)敲　 ②A terrible earthquake struck the northern part of Peru. 　侵袭　 ③A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.　突然想到　 ④The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.　打动，迷住　 [点津]　表示“突然想到”的单词(短语)还有hit、occur to。 [金句]——一句多译 John突然想起，他们可以帮助 Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。 ⑤　It_struck_John_that_　they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(strike) ⑥　It_hit_John_that_　they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(hit) ⑦　It_occurred_to_John_that_　they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(occur) 7．effect n. 影响；结果；效果；效力→effective adj.有效的；有影响的 (1)take effect 　　　　生效；见效 come into effect 生效 have an effect/influence/impact on 对……产生影响 put... into effect实施；使……生效/起作用 (2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的；实际的；起作用的 (3)effectively adv. 有效地；实际上；事实上 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We have reached a stage where we must start taking 　effective　(effect) measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves. ②(2025·全国二卷)These effects aren't just short­term but have been proved to 　affect　(effect) a teen's well­being in the years to come. ③Hopefully, my recommendations will soon 　be_put_into_effect　 (会付诸实施) to settle these problems. [金句]——微写作 ④我们的行为对我们的生活有很大的影响，这需要我们深思熟虑。 →Our behaviour 　has_a_great_effect_on　 our life, which requires our deep consideration. 8．on hand现有(尤指帮助) (1)hand in hand　手牵手；密切关联 in hand 在手头；在掌握中；在控制中 at hand 在近处； 即将来临 by hand 手工；亲手交付；由专人递送 (2)hand over (把……)移交；交给 hand in 上交 hand out 分发 hand down 传给；(把……)传下去 [练通]——用适当的介、副词填空 ① (2021·全国甲卷)I come to you，hat 　in　 hand，to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel. ②There are experts 　on　 hand to give you all the help and advice you need. ③The recipe Li Ziqi uses has been handed 　down　 from generation to generation. ④I wouldn't dare to hand this project 　over　 to anyone else. [金句]——微写作 ⑤这些手工制作的剪纸作品很漂亮。 →These paper­cutting works 　made_by_hand　 are beautiful. 9．sweep away消灭；彻底消除 sweep up　　　　打扫；一把抱起(某人) sweep sth.aside对……置之不理；不理会；全然无视 sweep sth.out 打扫干净，清扫干净(房间等) sweep sb.off one's feet使某人立刻迷上；使某人一见倾心 [练通]——用适当的介、副词填空 ①After class we were asked to sweep 　up　 the dead leaves in the schoolyard. ②To their anger，all their advice was swept 　aside　. ③As I know，any doubts had long since been swept 　away　. ④As the New Year approached，my mother asked me to sweep the house 　out　. [金句]——微写作 ⑤那个有趣的故事使我神魂颠倒。 →I 　was_swept_off_my_feet　 by the interesting story. 1．affect vt.影响；深深打动；(疾病)侵袭 [练通]——补全句子 ①As far as I'm concerned，staying up late every day is certain to 　affect_your_health_greatly　(严重影响你的健康)． ②　Affected_with_a_high_fever　(虽然发高烧)，he continued with his work. ③The children 　were_deeply_affected　(被深深打动了)by the love story. ④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem 　affecting　(affect) the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. 2．shock n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊 [练通]——单句语法填空 ①I was shocked 　to_hear　(hear) that the old castle had been destroyed. ②(2025·全国一卷)Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement.I was 　shocked　(shock)． ③The news of my promotion came as　a　shock the other day. 3．suffer vt.遭受，蒙受vi.(因疾病，痛苦，悲伤)受苦 [练通]——单句语法填空 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered 　from　 terrible back pain. ②Walking upright results in physical 　sufferings　(suffer)． ③The 　sufferer　(suffer) has decided to give up smoking because of bad health. ④Drought continues to annoy many parts of Africa，with tens of thousands 　suffering　(suffer)water shortages and millions of others affected. 4．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助 [练通]——单句语法填空 ①I'd be very grateful if you could aid me 　with　 my English. ②He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother 　to_clean　(clean) the house. ③Having learned that I was in trouble，he came　to　 my aid without delay. ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species 　with　 the aid of a mobile application. 子话题1—各种自然灾害 子话题2—造成的危害 ①flood n．　　　　洪水 ②hurricane n. 飓风 ③sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 ④typhoon n. 台风 ⑤volcano n. 火山 ⑥snowstorm n. 暴风雪 ⑦tornado n. 龙卷风 ⑧drought n. 旱灾；干旱 ①terrify vt.　　　　使恐惧；使惊吓 ②fierce adj. 狂暴的；恶劣的 ③worsen vi. (使)恶化 ④catastrophe n. 灾难；灾祸 ⑤radioactive adj. 放射性的 ⑥panic n．& vi. 惊慌；恐慌 ⑦muddy adj. 泥泞的 ⑧lava n. 熔岩；岩浆 1．too...to...句型 　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 本句中的too...to...意为“太……而不能……” (1)too＋形容词(anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing，etc.)＋to do sth.(表示肯定意义)意为“非常/很……做某事”。 (2)too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。 (3)can never/cannot＋动词＋too＋形容词/副词＋to do sth.意为“再做某事也不过分，越做某事越好”。 [练通]——完成句子 ①The problem is　too_difficult_for_me_to_solve　. 这个问题太难了，我解决不了。 ②(2025·全国二卷)People often feel　they_are_too_busy_to_volunteer　. 人们经常觉得自己太忙了，没有时间做志愿服务。 ③While crossing the road，you 　can_not/never_be_too_careful　. 当你过马路时，你越小心越好。 2．as if引导表语从句 　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ It seemed (to sb.) as if...意为“(对某人来说)似乎……”，as if 可以与as though互换。 (1)as if从句用陈述语气： 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 (2)as if从句用虚拟语气： ①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反，be的过去式用were)； ②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)； ③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。 虚拟语气句的时态通常在实际时态基础上，前提一个时态。即：过去→过去完成；现在→过去。类似的用法的句型还有哪些？ 答案：wish that/if only(要是……就好了)；would rather that/prefer that(宁愿……)；if 引导的虚拟条件句。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Henry failed in the game，but he looked as if nothing　had_happened　(happen)． ②When a pencil is partly in the water，it looks as if it　were　(be) broken. ③The patient opened his mouth as if 　to say　(say) something. ④(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as if 　they_just_sit_around_not_doing_much　(他们只是坐在那里不做太多事情), but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ►[维度1]　词形转换 用括号内所给词的适当变形填空 1．This is one of the worst natural 　disasters　(disaster) ever to hit the area. 2．They were 　shocked　(shock) to find the house completely destroyed. 3．Up to now food and water　have_been_delivered　(deliver)to the disaster­stricken area，where many people surviving the disaster are in urgent need of help. 4．The 　powerful　(power) earthquake has left many houses in ruins. 5．In the face of the disaster，he 　calmly　(calm) arranged for a car to pick up her children. 6．To our joy，the 　sufferer　(suffer) has decided to give up smoking. 7．At present，the team is looking into the cause of the forest fire，which caused more than 30 　deaths　(dead)． 8．In face of disaster，we must unify and show the 　wisdom　(wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 9．Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total 　electricity　(electric) consumed in the US. 10．The tree has grown to a 　length　(long) of three or twenty meters in the past three years. ►[维度2]　固定用法 1．The door was locked and they were trapped 　in　 the building. 2．(2025·全国二卷)About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more 　than　 a year. 3．(2025·北京卷)．.., these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through 　which　 we understand our lives. 4．The two old laws published in the 1960s are still 　in　 effect. 5．The general manager of our company has gone to America 　on　 business. 6．At this point，it suddenly struck me 　that　 I was wasting my time. 7．The man was sleeping 　when　 the frightening earthquake happened. 8．　With　 the aid of rescue workers，they have all managed to rebuild their houses. ►[维度3]　话题写作(通知) 假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校本周五将举办一场关于消防安全(fire safety)知识的讲座，请你代表校学生会写一则通知。内容包括： 1．讲座的时间、地点； 2．讲座的内容； 3．欢迎大家积极参加。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：灭火器 fire extinguisher 火灾逃生演练 fire escape drill Notice ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Students' Union [参考范文] Notice To help you know more about fire safety, a lecture is scheduled to kick off at 3 pm in the lecture hall this Friday. Firstly, the fireman invited will introduce the possible causes of a fire.Then he will show us how to use a fire extinguisher, and how to sound the alarm.Finally, a fire escape drill is arranged to ensure us students to learn the right steps to take in case a fire breaks out. It is sure to be of great significance.Do come and attend the lecture. 　Students'_Union　 精彩词汇记牢 单句续写运用 chat online 　网上聊天 upload vt. 上传 download vt. 下载 blog n. 博客 social networking 社交网络 online community 网络社区 group chat 群聊 用左栏的表达续写下列句子。 ①I prefer to 　chat online　 rather than send emails. ②And we can basically build this 　online community　. ③It also incorporates 　group chats　 so that you can chat with other people in the area. [培优1]　单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 1．(2022·全国乙卷)The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.　n．连绵弯曲的地带　 2．(2025·全国二卷)She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.　v．大量涌入　 3．(2025·全国一卷)They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.　v．使……觉得　 4．Suddenly another thought went through Kate's mind like an electric shock.　n．休克；电击　 二、一词多义——根据语境选出strike及其短语的含义 A．v.成交　　　　　　B．v.使突然想起 C．n.罢工 D．v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击 E．v.划火柴 F．v.钟敲 1．A big earthquake struck the city last year，killing hundreds of people.　 D　 2．It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.　 B　 3．It is by no means clear what president can do to end the strike.　 C　 4．I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.　 F　 5．...some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.　 A　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(江苏卷)In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：he couldn't find the park's volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up.These can form remarkably quickly.In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is，however，a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere. 　Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high­altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice 　blow­up　 for one of the visitors' centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera：almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 1. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？ A.Its complicated geographical features. B.Its ever­lasting influence on tourism. C.The mysterious history of the park. D.The exact location of the volcano. 2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about？ A.The shapes of volcanoes. B.The impacts of volcanoes. C.The activities of volcanoes. D.The heights of volcanoes. 3.What does the underlined word “blow­up” in the last paragraph most probably mean？ A.Hot­air balloon. B.Digital camera. C.Big photograph. D.Bird's view. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。20世纪60年代，Bob Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公园里的火山。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bob Christiansen became ...the park's volcano”可知，Bob Christiansen对黄石国家公园的火山的准确位置感到困惑。] 2．A　[段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其第一句和“a second less known type of ...a vast hole”可知，该段主要讲两类火山的形态。] 3．C　[词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第三句可知，NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片，Christiansen在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知，blow­up意为“放大的照片”。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．the volcanic history　火山的历史　 2．pile up　堆积　 3．the confused owner　困惑的所有者　 4．top out　达到　 5．a single big crack　一个大裂缝　 6．some new high­altitude cameras　一些新的高空摄像机　 7．the park authorities　公园管理局　 8．far beyond the scale　远远超出此规模　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．volcano n．　火山　 2．scale n．　规模　 3．altogether adv.　完全　 4．extinct adj.　灭绝的　 5．explosive adj.　爆炸的　 6．thoughtful adj.　深思的　 7．assumption n．　假定　 8．acre n．　英亩　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．feature A．n.特色　　　　　　B．n.地理特征 C．v.以……为特色 D．v.由……主演 ①...that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.　 B_　 ②It's a great film and it features a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year.　 D　 2．form A．v.形成　　　　　　B．n.形式 C．v.建立 D．n.表格 ①These can form remarkably quickly.　 A　 ②Sign your name on the form where I've put a cross.　 D　 ◆素养提升(阅读理解之段落大意) 段落大意属于主旨要义题的一种，往往有四种形式：(1)主题句在开头；(2)主题句在结尾；(3)主题句在中间；(4)无主题句。本文第二段属于无主题句的段落。考生可以通过关键词“classic cone shapes (典型的圆锥体形状)”、“However(但是)”、还有“a second type of volcano(另一种类型的火山)”，这种山“burst open”，只“留下a vast hole，the caldera(火山口)”。综合这些信息，本段的大意就显而易见了——讲述两种不同类型的火山。故第2题选A项。 ◆[针对训练]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，B Paragraph 3)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 解析：D　[本段是文章的第三自然段。本段列举了两种动物：狗和马。两种动物在使用“holistic medicine”之后，都“effective(有效)”：狗多活了五个月；马活动更加自由了。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $