Unit 1 Friendship 单元重点词汇分层变形100题- 2025-2026学年译林版八年级上册英语

**基本信息** 聚焦单元核心词汇，通过分层练习构建“基础认知-词形转换-语境应用”的递进式训练体系，提升语言能力中的词汇理解与表达，培养学习能力中的词汇积累策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |根据中文提示补全句子|20题|考查核心词汇的中文释义匹配|围绕“友谊”主题基础词汇，建立词意与拼写的直接关联| |用单词正确形式填空|30题|涉及词性转换、比较级等词形变化|从静态记忆到动态运用，深化词汇形态变化规则理解| |首字母提示完成句子|20题|结合语境考查词汇拼写与意义衔接|强化词汇在具体语境中的灵活提取与应用能力| |短文语法填空|2篇|语篇中综合考查词汇运用与语法规则|实现词汇从孤立记忆到语篇整合的高阶应用，呼应中考语境化命题趋势|

Unit 1 Friendship 单词专项练习 答案+详细解析 一、根据括号内的中文提示补全句子 1. 答案：friendship 解析：不可数名词，意为“友谊”，our后接名词作宾语。 2. 答案：honest 解析：形容词，意为“诚实的”，修饰名词woman；an后接以元音音素开头的单词。 3. 答案：cheerful 解析：形容词，“快乐的”，放在be动词后作表语。 4. 答案：humorous 解析：形容词，“幽默的”，修饰人，作表语。 5. 答案：caring 解析：形容词，“体贴他人的、关心人的”，用于描述朋友的品质。 6. 答案：truth 解析：名词，“事实、真相”；固定搭配tell the truth说出真相。 7. 答案：joke 解析：可数名词单数；make a joke 开玩笑。 8. 答案：laugh 解析：动词原形；will为情态动词，后接动词原形。 9. 答案：teenagers 解析：可数名词复数；many后接可数名词复数，意为“青少年”。 10. 答案：unhappy 解析：形容词，“不开心的”，作系动词felt的表语。 11. 答案：lie 解析：动词原形；It’s wrong to do sth. 做某事是错的，不定式后用原形。 12. 答案：person 解析：可数名词单数；every后只能接单数名词，意为“人”。 13. 答案：thought/thoughts 解析：名词，意为“想法”，单数、复数均可。 14. 答案：ponytail 解析：可数名词单数，“马尾辫”，a后用单数。 15. 答案：seat 解析：名词，“座位”；take your seat 请坐好。 16. 答案：schoolwork 解析：不可数名词，“学校作业”。 17. 答案：trustworthy 解析：形容词，“值得信赖的”，作表语形容人的性格。 18. 答案：carefully 解析：副词，修饰动词do，意为“仔细地”。 19. 答案：understand 解析：动词原形；固定句型It is important to do sth.。 20. 答案：a little bit 解析：固定短语，意为“有点儿”，修饰形容词tired。 21. 答案：funny 解析：形容词，“好笑的”，修饰事物movie。 22. 答案：sense 解析：名词；have a good sense of 有很好的……理解力/感。 23. 答案：humour/humor 解析：名词，“幽默”；sense of humour 固定搭配“幽默感”。 24. 答案：bored 解析：形容词，“感到厌倦的”，修饰人，feel bored感到无聊。 25. 答案：energetic 解析：形容词，“精力充沛的”，作表语。 26. 答案：active 解析：形容词，“活跃的、积极的”；an后接元音开头形容词。 27. 答案：encourage 解析：动词原形；主语teachers是复数，一般现在时谓语用原形，意为“鼓励”。 28. 答案：believe 解析：动词，“相信”，主句一般现在时，主语I后用原形。 29. 答案：face 解析：动词原形；must是情态动词，后接动词原形，意为“面对”。 30. 答案：secret 解析：可数名词单数；a后接单数名词，“秘密”。 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. 答案：honest 解析：be动词后接形容词作表语，honest形容词“诚实的”。 2. 答案：cheerful 解析：cheer动词变形容词cheerful，修饰名词girl。 3. 答案：humorous 解析：humour名词变形容词humorous，修饰名词stories。 4. 答案：caring 解析：care变动形容词caring，意为“体贴的”，作表语。 5. 答案：truth 解析：true形容词变名词truth，the后需要名词。 6. 答案：joking 解析：固定搭配stop doing sth.停止正在做的事，joke变动名词joking。 7. 答案：laughing 解析：can’t stop doing sth. 忍不住做某事，laugh变动名词laughing。 8. 答案：teenagers 解析：teenage形容词变为名词teenager，for后用复数表一类人。 9. 答案：unhappy 解析：根据后半句丢钱包可知心情不开心，happy加否定前缀un-。 10. 答案：lying 解析：stop doing sth.停止撒谎，lie变ing形式为lying。 11. 答案：person 解析：a后接可数名词单数，直接用原形。 12. 答案：thought 解析：think动词变名词thought，your后接名词。 13. 答案：carefully 解析：as…as中间用副词修饰动词do，care变副词carefully。 14. 答案：to understand 解析：固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 15. 答案：bored 解析：修饰人自身感受用bored，bored感到无聊的。 16. 答案：energy 解析：be full of后接名词，energy名词“精力”。 17. 答案：active 解析：act动词变形容词active；take an active part in 积极参加。 18. 答案：to try 解析：固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。 19. 答案：truly 解析：true形容词变副词truly，修饰动词hope。 20. 答案：worse 解析：bad的比较级worse；固定短语from bad to worse每况愈下。 21. 答案：worst 解析：in my life表示范围，用bad最高级worst，the+最高级。 22. 答案：height 解析：high形容词变名词height，his后接名词，意为“身高”。 23. 答案：listeners 解析：listener名词“倾听者”，此处用复数表一类人。 24. 答案：feelings 解析：feel动词变名词feeling，此处用复数feelings表示多种情绪。 25. 答案：thoughtful 解析：thought名词变形容词thoughtful；It’s thoughtful of you你真体贴。 26. 答案：dead 解析：die动词变形容词dead，修饰名词dog，“死去的”。 27. 答案：secrets 解析：keep secrets固定搭配，保守秘密，常用复数。 28. 答案：scared 解析：修饰人的感受用scared，感到害怕的。 29. 答案：patient 解析：patience名词变形容词patient；be patient with对……有耐心。 30. 答案：first 解析：one基数词变序数词first；the first impression第一印象。 三、根据首字母提示完成句子 1. 答案：Friendship 解析：名词“友谊”，句首首字母大写，友谊在好友间十分重要。 2. 答案：honest 解析：形容词“诚实的”，诚实的人从不说谎。 3. 答案：cheerful 解析：形容词“乐观快乐的”，总是看到生活积极一面。 4. 答案：humorous 解析：形容词“幽默的”，幽默的人总能逗别人笑。 5. 答案：caring 解析：形容词“体贴的”，难过时会关心你的朋友。 6. 答案：truth 解析：名词“真相”，tell the truth说出真相。 7. 答案：jokes 解析：名词复数，tell jokes讲笑话，课堂不能讲笑话。 8. 答案：laugh 解析：动词原形，在一起时开心大笑。 9. 答案：teenagers 解析：名词复数“青少年”，很多青少年喜欢网上交友。 10. 答案：unhappy 解析：形容词“不开心的”，没人陪他玩耍所以难过。 11. 答案：lie 解析：动词“撒谎”，不要对挚友撒谎。 12. 答案：thought 解析：名词“想法”，关于明天旅行的想法。 13. 答案：seat 解析：名词“座位”，坐在自己座位上听老师讲课。 14. 答案：schoolwork 解析：不可数名词“作业”，需要更多时间完成作业。 15. 答案：trustworthy 解析：形容词“值得信赖的”，可以互相分享秘密。 16. 答案：carefully 解析：副词“认真地”，别人说话时仔细倾听。 17. 答案：bored 解析：形容词“无聊的”，整天写相同作业感到乏味。 18. 答案：energetic 解析：形容词“精力充沛的”，爱打篮球精力旺盛。 19. 答案：brave 解析：形容词“勇敢的”，勇敢一点，不要害怕困难。 20. 答案：along 解析：固定搭配get along well with与……和睦相处。 四、短文语法填空 （A）词形变换填空 1. best 固定搭配 one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，表示 “最…… 之一”，good 的最高级是 best。 句意：Vanilla 是我最好的朋友之一。 2. eyes two（两个）后接可数名词复数，eye 的复数形式是 eyes。 句意：她是个可爱的女孩，长着一双又大又漂亮的眼睛。 3. them 动词 hides 后面需要用人称代词宾格作宾语，they 的宾格是 them，指代前文的 eyes。 句意：但她总是用一副眼镜遮住眼睛。 4. gave 全文讲述过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时，give 的过去式是 gave。 句意：老师给我们发了语文试卷成绩。 5. worse 句中出现比较级标志词 than，bad 的比较级是 worse；much 可以修饰比较级，表示 “…… 得多”。 句意：我考得比其他人差很多，因为那阵子我沉迷打电脑游戏。 6. playing 固定搭配 be crazy about doing sth. 沉迷做某事，介词 about 后动词要变为动名词形式。 句意：我沉迷玩电脑游戏。 7. myself 固定短语 by oneself 独自，单独；主语是 I，对应的反身代词是 myself。 句意：午饭时，我甚至独自待在教室里。 8. unhappy 根据上下文，作者考试失利很难过，Vanilla 看出他不开心。happy 开心的，反义词 unhappy 不开心的。 句意：你看起来很不开心。 9. surprised be surprised to do sth. 惊讶地做某事；修饰人用 - ed 形容词 surprised（感到惊讶的），surprising 用来修饰事物。 句意：下午 Vanilla 走到我的课桌旁，我惊讶地发现每一处错题旁边都附上了正确答案。 10. to say 固定搭配 can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事，不定式 to do 作宾语。 句意：我迫不及待想对她说谢谢。 （B）首字母填空 1. Without 句意：没有朋友，世界就像一片荒漠。without 介词，意为 “没有”，句首首字母大写。 2. others 句意：太多人希望别人做他们的朋友，却不愿付出同等的友谊。others = other people，其他人。 3. honest 后文提到 trust one another、honestly，可知本段主题是诚实；be 动词后接形容词 honest（诚实的）。 句意：一段美好的友谊始于诚实。 4. truth 固定搭配 tell the truth 说实话，truth 名词，真相、实话。 句意：如果你不说实话，人们通常会发现，你可能会失去朋友的信任。 5. sharing 后半句出现 sharing，前后对应；mean 意为 “意味着”，后接动名词作宾语，故填 sharing。 句意：慷慨意味着分享，分享能让友谊升温。 6. feelings and 连接并列名词，和 ideas（想法）并列，结合语境分享想法与情绪，feeling 情绪，复数 feelings。 7. better much 后接形容词比较级，know you much better 更了解你。 句意：分享能让你的朋友更了解你。 8. understanding 后文结尾总结友谊三要素：honesty, generosity, understanding，对应本空；need 后接名词 understanding（理解）。 句意：每个人遇到难题时都需要理解与帮助。 9. easier 固定结构 make sth. + 形容词比较级；结合语境，和朋友倾诉会让问题更容易解决，easy 比较级 easier。 10. same 固定短语 the same 相同的；句意：没有两段友谊是完全一模一样的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版新教材八年级上册Unit 1 Friendship 单元重点词汇分层练习100题 一、根据括号内的中文提示补全句子。 1. We all value our ________ (友谊) very much. 2. My mother is an ________ (诚实的) woman and never tells lies. 3. She is always ________ (快乐的) and brings happiness to others. 4. My new deskmate is very ________ (幽默的) and often tells jokes. 5. A good friend is ________ (关心他人的) and always helps people in need. 6. Please tell me the ________ (事实) — I want to know everything. 7. Don’t make a ________ (笑话) about others’ mistakes. 8. We will ________ (笑) when we hear funny stories. 9. Many ________ (青少年) have problems with their schoolwork. 10. He felt ________ (不开心的) because he failed the test. 11. It’s wrong to ________ (撒谎) to your parents and teachers. 12. Every ________ (人) has his own dreams and ideas. 13. Tell me your ________ (想法) about our weekend plan. 14. The girl with a ________ (马尾辫) is my best friend. 15. Please take your ________ (座位) and keep quiet. 16. I spend two hours finishing my ________ (学校作业) every evening. 17. She is ________ (值得信赖的), so we can share secrets with her. 18. Please do your homework ________ (仔细地). 19. It is important to ________ (理解) your parents. 20. I am ________ (有点儿) tired after a long walk. 21. The movie is very ________ (好笑的) and makes us laugh loudly. 22. He has a good ________ (理解力) of English grammar. 23. A good friend needs a good sense of ________ (幽默). 24. I feel ________ (厌倦的) with the boring game. 25. My brother is ________ (精力充沛的) and plays sports every day. 26. She is an ________ (活跃的) member of the school football club. 27. My teachers always ________ (鼓励) me to study hard. 28. I ________ (相信) that we will become good friends. 29. We must ________ (面对) our problems bravely. 30. I want to tell you a ________ (秘密). 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. It’s important to be ________ (honest) with your friends. 2. She is a ________ (cheer) girl and everyone likes her. 3. His ________ (humour) stories make us happy every day. 4. A good friend is ________ (care) and helpful. 5. Tell me the ________ (true), please. 6. Stop ________ (joke) and listen carefully. 7. We couldn’t stop ________ (laugh) at his funny face. 8. These magazines are for ________ (teenage). 9. He looked ________ (happy) because he lost his wallet. 10. Stop ________ (lie) to me! I know everything. 11. He is a kind ________ (person). 12. What’s your ________ (think) about this plan? 13. Please do your homework as ________ (care) as possible. 14. It is not easy ________ (understand) this article. 15. I feel a little bit ________ (bore) with the long speech. 16. My sister is full of ________ (energy). 17. She takes an ________ (act) part in after-school activities. 18. My mother always encourages me ________ (try) new things. 19. I ________ (true) hope we can get along well. 20. Things go from bad to ________ (bad). 21. This is the ________ (bad) day in my life. 22. What’s his ________ (high)? 23. We should be good ________ (listen) when others talk. 24. He nodded with ________ (feel) of joy. 25. It is ________ (thought) of you to remember my birthday. 26. The ________ (die) dog made the little girl very sad. 27. We should keep ________ (secret) for our friends. 28. He felt ________ (scare) when he heard the strange noise. 29. We must be ________ (patience) with young children. 30. The ________ (one) impression is very important. 三、根据首字母提示完成句子。 1. F_______ is very important between good friends. 2. An h_______ person never tells lies. 3. She is c_______ and always looks on the bright side of life. 4. A h_______ person can always make others laugh. 5. A c_______ friend will care about you when you are sad. 6. Please tell me the t_______, not a lie. 7. Don’t tell j_______ in class. 8. We l_______ happily when we stay together. 9. Many t_______ like making friends online now. 10. He felt u_______ because no one played with him. 11. Don’t l_______ to your best friend. 12. I have a good t_______ about our trip tomorrow. 13. Please sit in your s_______ and listen to the teacher. 14. I need more time to finish my s_______. 15. A good friend should be t_______. We can share our secrets. 16. We should listen c_______ when others are talking. 17. I feel a little b_______ after doing the same homework all day. 18. He is an e_______ boy and likes playing basketball. 19. Be b_______ and don’t be afraid of difficulties. 20. It is very important to get a_______ well with classmates. 四、短文语法填空。 （A） Vanilla is one of my 1 (good) friends. She is a lovely girl with two big, beautiful 2 (eye). But she always hides 3 (they) behind a pair of glasses. One day, I nearly ended our friendship. I remember that day clearly. The teacher 4 (give) us our results of a Chinese test. I did much 5 (bad) than others because I was crazy about 6 (play) computer games those days. I felt so sad that I wouldn’t talk to anyone. At lunchtime, I even stayed in the classroom by 7 (I). Suddenly, I heard a voice. It was Vanilla. “You look very 8 (happy),” she said. “What’s wrong?” I looked up at her, but said nothing, but Vanilla didn’t go away. She kept asking me questions, “Is it because of the exam? Do you want me to show you the right answers?” I looked away from her. When I looked up again, Vanilla went away with my exam paper. In the afternoon, Vanilla came up to my desk, and I was 9 (surprise) to find the right answers were next to every mistake. My face turned red. Vanilla tried to help me all along. How nice she was! I couldn’t wait 10 (say) “Thank you” to her. That afternoon, Vanilla and I went home on foot together. I felt so happy that we were still best friends. （B） Friends are an important part of our life. W 1 a friend, the world is like a desert. Too many people want o 2 to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. Here are some rules for having a good friendship. A good friendship starts with being h 3 . Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don’t tell the t 4 , people usually find out, and you may lose your friends’ trust. Good friends always speak and do things honestly with each other. Being generous means s 5 and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes. Instead, you share your ideas and f 6 . These can be valuable to a friend. Sharing helps your friends know you much b 7 . Everyone needs u 8 and help when facing a problem. Something may go wrong at school or in life. Talking about the problem with a friend can make it e 9 to solve. Having a friend can be the first step in solving the problem. No two friendships are ever exactly the s 10 . But all true friendships have three things in common: honesty, generosity, and understanding. In fact, good friendship doesn’t come easily. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $