内容正文:
译林英语八上Unit 1
语法+ Word Power 精讲+习题(附答案解析)
一、语法:形容词的比较级与最高级
1. 基本概念与核心结构
类型
核心用法
标准句型结构
形容词原级
描述人或事物的本身特征,无比较含义
主语 + be动词 + 形容词原级
形容词比较级
用于两者(人/事物)之间的比较,意为“更……”
主语 + be动词/实义动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象
形容词最高级
用于三者及以上(人/事物)之间的比较,意为“最……”
主语 + be动词 + the + 形容词最高级 + 范围状语(in/of短语)
2. 形容词比较级和最高级构成规则
(1)规则变化(单音节及部分双音节形容词)
变化规则
原级
比较级
最高级
备注
一般情况,直接加-er/-est
tall clean
taller cleaner
tallest cleanest
最基础变化形式
以不发音的字母e结尾,直接加-r/-st
nice wide
nicer wider
nicest widest
避免重复加e
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾,变y为i,再加-er/-est
happy heavy busy
happier heavier busier
happiest heaviest busiest
元音字母+y结尾,直接加-er/-est,如gray→grayer→grayest
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加-er/-est
big thin hot fat
bigger thinner hotter fatter
biggest thinnest hottest fattest
必须同时满足“重读闭音节+单个辅音结尾”两个条件
(2)规则变化(多音节及部分双音节形容词)
在形容词原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级
例:interesting→more interesting→most interesting
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
outgoing→more outgoing→most outgoing
important→more important→most important
(3)不规则变化(必背,无规律)
原级
比较级
最高级
用法说明
good/well
better
best
good修饰名词,well修饰动词
bad/ill
worse
worst
均表示“坏的/糟糕的”
many/much
more
most
many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词
little
less
least
修饰不可数名词,表“少的”
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
farther表距离更远;further表程度更深
3. 重点句型与拓展用法
原级基础句型
肯定句:A + be动词 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B(A和B一样……)
例:Lucy is as slim as Lily.
否定句:A + be动词 + not as/so + 形容词原级 + as + B(A不如B……)
例:This book is not as interesting as that one.
比较级核心句型
基础比较:Tom is taller than his brother.
比较级重叠:比较级 + and + 比较级(越来越……)
例:It is getting colder and colder in winter.
双重比较级:The + 比较级,the + 比较级(越……,就越……)
例:The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
最高级转换:比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词(比其他任何一个都……,表最高级含义)
例:He is taller than any other student in his class.
最高级核心句型
基本结构:She is the most outgoing girl in our class.
范围区分:in后接班级、学校、城市等地点/集体名词;of后接数量或同类人/事物
例:of the three boys;of all the teachers
二、Word Power 专题:后缀-ful与-less构词法
1. 核心后缀含义
-ful:形容词后缀,表“充满……的、具有……性质的、有……的”,加在名词后,构成褒义或中性形容词。
-less:形容词后缀,表“没有……的、无……的、不……的”,加在名词后,构成对应-ful形容词的反义词,多为贬义或否定含义。
2. 常见单词精讲
基础名词
加-ful
加-less
用法搭配
care
careful 细心的,认真的
careless 粗心的,马虎的
be careful with sth;be careless about sth
help
helpful 乐于助人的,有帮助的
helpless 无助的,无能的
be helpful to sb;feel helpless
hope
hopeful 充满希望的
hopeless 无望的,绝望的
feel hopeful;a hopeless task
use
useful 有用的,有益的
useless 无用的,无效的
be useful for sth;a useless tool
cheer
cheerful 快乐的,开朗的
(教材无此形式,不要求掌握)
a cheerful boy
colour
colourful 色彩鲜艳的,丰富多彩的
(教材无此形式,不要求掌握)
colourful clothes
wonder
wonderful 极好的,绝妙的
(教材无此形式,不要求掌握)
a wonderful trip
thought
thoughtful 体贴的,考虑周到的
(教材无此形式,不要求掌握)
a thoughtful friend
3. 用法注意事项
此类形容词可直接用于原级、比较级、最高级的变化,遵循多音节形容词规则(加more/most)。
例:careful→more careful→most careful;helpful→more helpful→most helpful
三、习题
第一部分:基础过关题(10题)
题型1:单词正确形式填空(形容词原级/比较级/最高级)
1. This story is _______________ (interesting) than that one.
2. My father is _______________ (tall) than my uncle.
3. She is the _______________ (slim) girl in our grade.
4. This is the _______________ (good) movie I have ever seen.
5. He has _______________ (much) money than his cousin.
题型2:Word Power 基础填空(-ful/-less形式)
6. Be _______________ (care) when you cross the street.
7. He is a _______________ (help) boy and always helps others.
8. Don’t be _______________ (care) with your homework, or you’ll make mistakes.
9. This dictionary is very _______________ (use) for our English study.
10. The old man felt _______________ (help) after he lost his way.
第二部分:能力题(12题)
题型1:句型转换(按要求改写句子)
11. Tom is 14 years old. Jim is 15 years old. (合并为一句,用比较级)
Jim is _______________ _______________ Tom.
12. She is the most popular student in our class. (改为比较级同义句)
She is _______________ _______________ than _______________ _______________ student in our class.
13. My room is not as big as yours. (改为同义句)
Your room is _______________ _______________ mine.
14. He runs fast. She runs faster. (合并为一句)
She runs _______________ _______________ him.
15. This is a useful book. (改为感叹句)
_______________ _______________ _______________ book it is!
16. He is more helpful than any other boy. (改为最高级同义句)
He is _______________ _______________ _______________ boy in his class.
题型2:单项选择
17. —Which is _______________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
—The sun is.
A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. more big
18. Lucy is _______________ than Lily, but she is _______________ than Lily.
A. tall; thin B. taller; thinner C. tallest; thinnest D. more tall; more thin
19. This film is _______________ than that one, I think.
A. more interesting B. interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
20. He is _______________ boy in our school.
A. the most careful B. more careful C. careful D. most careful
21. The _______________ you study, the _______________ grades you will get.
A. hard; good B. harder; better C. hardest; best D. harder; good
22. It’s getting _______________ in autumn.
A. cold and cold B. colder and colder C. more cold and more cold D. coldest and coldest
第三部分:拓展题(10题)
题型:短文填空
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空(可填原级、比较级、最高级,或-ful/-less变形)
My deskmate is one of the _______________ (cheer) students in our class. He is _______________ (tall) than me, but I am _______________ (slim) than him. He is very _______________ (help) — he always helps me with my English and math. Last month, I failed my math exam and felt very _______________ (hope). He told me not to be _______________ (care) with my study and gave me a lot of _______________ (use) advice. He said, “The _______________ (hard) you work, the _______________ (good) results you will get.” Now I am _______________ (good) at math than before. He is the _______________ (thought) person I have ever met. We often go to the _______________ (colour) park near our school. It is _______________ (far) from my home than his, but I still walk there with him every weekend. We always have a _______________ (wonder) time together. I think he is my _______________ (good) friend.
四、答案与完整解析
第一部分:基础过关题答案与解析
1. 答案:more interesting
解析:than提示比较级,interesting为多音节形容词,前加more。
2. 答案:taller
解析:than提示比较级,tall为单音节词,直接加-er。
3. 答案:slimmest
解析:in our grade表范围,用最高级,slim双写m加-est。
4. 答案:best
解析:good的最高级为不规则变化best,前省略the(口语/固定搭配可省)。
5. 答案:more
解析:much的比较级为不规则变化more。
6. 答案:careful
解析:be careful为固定搭配,表“小心的”,用-ful后缀。
7. 答案:helpful
解析:表“乐于助人的”,用help加-ful。
8. 答案:careless
解析:表“粗心的”,用care加-less。
9. 答案:useful
解析:表“有用的”,用use加-ful。
10. 答案:helpless
解析:表“无助的”,用help加-less。
第二部分:能力提升题答案与解析
11. 答案:older than
解析:年龄比较,old的比较级为older,加than连接比较对象。
12. 答案:more popular; any other
解析:最高级转换为比较级,结构为“比较级+than+any other+单数名词”。
13. 答案:bigger than
解析:原级否定句转换为比较级,“not as big as”等同于“smaller than”,反向则为bigger than。
14. 答案:faster than
解析:两者跑步速度比较,fast直接加-er,加than。
15. 答案:What a useful
解析:感叹句结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”。
16. 答案:the most helpful
解析:比较级转换为最高级,helpful为多音节词,前加the most。
17. 答案:C
解析:三者比较用最高级,big的最高级为the biggest。
18. 答案:B
解析:than提示两处均用比较级,tall→taller,thin→thinner。
19. 答案:A
解析:than提示比较级,interesting前加more。
20. 答案:A
解析:in our school表范围,用最高级,careful前加the most。
21. 答案:B
解析:The+比较级,the+比较级结构,hard→harder,good→better。
22. 答案:B
解析:比较级+and+比较级结构,cold→colder and colder。
第三部分:拓展拔高题答案与解析
短文填空答案
23. most cheerful 24. taller 25. slimmer 26. helpful 27. hopeless 28. careless 29. useful 30. harder 31. better 32. better 33. most thoughtful 34. colourful 35. farther 36. wonderful 37. best
短文填空解析
23. in our class表范围,cheerful为多音节词,最高级为most cheerful。
24. than提示比较级,tall→taller。
25. than提示比较级,slim→slimmer。
26. 表“乐于助人的”,用helpful。
27. 考试失利,表“无望的”,用hopeless。
28. 表“粗心的”,用careless。
29. 表“有用的建议”,用useful。
30. The+比较级结构,hard→harder。
31. The+比较级结构,good→better。
32. than before提示比较级,good→better。
33. I have ever met表范围,thoughtful最高级为most thoughtful。
34. 表“色彩鲜艳的公园”,用colourful。
35. than提示比较级,far→farther。
36. 表“美好的时光”,用wonderful。
37. 表“最好的朋友”,用good的最高级best。
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