讲透高中英语名词性从句--高考英语语法重难点专项突破(讲练结合)-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

讲透高中英语名词性从句---高考英语语法重难点专项突破(讲练结合)知识清单 ★知识考情地位,题型分布及命题趋势 ★能力要求（新课标） ★知识模块构建 名词性从句定义： 四大分类（核心区分：从句位置） 三大引导词（通用所有名词性从句） 模块一:主语从句 一、定义：在句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句。 二、两种结构 三、主语从句的连接词 四、各连接词连接的主语从句 A.从属连词：that / whether（从句不缺主语、宾语、表语，句子完整） 1.that无意思、不做任何成分、只起连接作用，陈述一件事实，that不能省略 1）从句在句首 2）用it 做形式主语 代替that 主语从句，把that 连接的真正主语从句放到句子后面，构成it做形式主语的复合结构，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻” a. It + 系动词 + 形容词 + that 从句  b. It +系动词 +名词 + that从句 It is a fact that … 事实是…… c. It +be +动词的过去分词+that从句（It has been +v.pp +从句） d. It+特殊动词+that从句 注意： 1.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，要用it做形式主语，而把主句从句后置，不可提前。其疑问形式和句子的一般疑问形式一样。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 2.主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况 2.whether 引导的主语从句 B.用连接代词引导的主语从句(从句缺少主语 / 宾语 / 表语，必用代词) 注意： 1.what 含义：……的事情/东西what = 先行词 + 关系词（高考王牌） 2.whatever / whoever 的功用，并要注意和 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。 whatever, whoever 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，在主语从句中不含疑问意义。 whatever = anything that；whoever = anyone who。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.(让步状语从句） C. 用连接副词引导的主语从句:从句不缺主宾，但缺状语 五、主语从句·注意点（重中之重） 练习： 第一组 基础运用（名校联考改编） 第一组 基础运用 答案+解析 第二组 综合强化 第二组 综合强化 答案+解析 模块二：宾语从句 一、定义 二、可以接宾语从句的三类结构 三、三大核心要素（引导词、 时态、语序） 要素一）：引导词（三类：that/if，whether / 特殊疑问词） 1. that引导的宾语从句（由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句） A. that 引导宾语从句的不能省略that的情况 B.有些动词不能直接接宾语从句，后面要加it 2.if / whether “是否”， （由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句） 3. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，（由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句） 要素二）：时态呼应（主句时态决定从句时态） 1. 主现从不限：主句为一般现在时（can/know/think/say等）从句时态根据实际意思自由选择（现在、过去、将来均可） 2. 主过从必过：主句为一般过去时（said/thought/asked/told等）从句必须用相应的过去时态： 一般现在→一般过去 现在进行→过去进行 一般将来→过去将来 现在完成→过去完成 3. 真理永现在：从句是客观真理、科学事实、自然规律、永恒数据，不管主句什么时态，从句永远用一般现在时 要素三）：语序——陈述语序（ 主语在前，谓语在后） 结构：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他 四、否定转移现象 五、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 注意：1.insist： 坚持要求、执意要做→虚拟(should)do He insisted that he (should) go there at once. 坚称，坚持说（事实）→陈述事实，不用虚拟He insisted that he was innocent. 2.suggest： 建议→虚拟Our teacher suggested that we should read English every day. 表明、暗示→陈述语气，不用虚拟。His expression suggested that he was angry. 练习： 答案+解析 模块三：表语从句 一、定义 1. 表语： 2. 表语从句： 二、可接表语从句的连系动词分类 ① be动词：be (being, been; am, is, are, was, were) ②感官类：feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell ③状态保持类：stand, lie, remain, keep, stay ④变化类：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall ⑤证明类：prove, turn out The problem is puzzling. 这问题令人困惑。（主语+连系动词+形容词作表语） The problem is when we can get a pay rise.主语+连系动词+表语从句） 三、引导表语从句的连接词 1. 从属连词：that、whether、as if/as though 2. 连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 四、各连接词连接的表语从句 1. 由从属连词that、whether引导的表语从句 2.由连接代词引导的表语从句 3.由连接副词引导的表语从句 4.由连词because，as if/as though，as等引导的表语从句。 注意：as if /as though引导的表语从句，如果是事实就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气。 五、表语从句常用句型 A. It /This/That is +特殊疑问词+句子中（陈述句） ① “That is why…” “这就是……的原因/因此……”，（其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，why表结果） I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. ②That is because…”意为“这就是为什么……/因为……” 句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，指原因或理由。 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因） He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.（第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）  ③ I That is how…. ④ This is what …. ⑤This is where …lies ⑥It is when…. ⑦it is where…. 表语从句常用特殊疑问词引导，但并不表示疑问。而表示事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、所在、怀疑、多少等等。 My question / problem is whether/when/where/why/how/what/how many…. B It seems/appears that…似乎……；好像……it作形式主语，后面that从句作真正表语(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气) It seems that… 似乎……It seems that everything goes well. It appears that… 好像…… It is certain that… 肯定…… C.主句主语通常为抽象名词：question, trouble, problem, result, chance, suggestion, idea, reason等；表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语内容具体化。 基本结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 ①主语常常是表示建议、要求、命令、请求的名词。表语从句由that引导，并且从句中要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)。 ②主语常为原因，问题，结果，麻烦，疑惑 ③主语常常是表示时间、地点，表语从句由when（主语是时间）、where（主语是地点）引导。 D.主语常常是what引导主语从句，表语从句常用that引导。 六、表语从句九大注意事项 1. 语序必须陈述语序 The question is how can we get there. 2. that不可省略 表语从句that无论何时一律保留，不能删掉。 3. 表语从句表达“是否”，只用whether，禁止使用if。 (as if例外)。 4. The reason作主语时，后面表语从句只能用that，不能用because。属于语义重复。 5. suggestion、advice、order、request、demand作主语时，表语从句强制虚拟：(should)+动词原形，should可省略。引导词that不变。 6. what引导从句时，what本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；that不充当任何成分，二者不能混用。 That is what he said.what：……的东西/事情（高考语法填空必考） This is what my teacher taught me. 7. 主句是过去时态，从句也要使用相应的过去时态；主句现在时态，从句时态根据句意自由使用。 8.  主句主语是idea, hope, wish, plan, truth等名词时，后面表语从句一律用that引导。 练习： 答案+解析 模块四：同位语从句 一、定义 二、引导同位语从句的连接词 1. that：从句成分完整、意思完整，that无词义，不作任何句子成分，不可省略。 2. whether（是否）： 3. 连接代词（what/who/whose/which/whoever等）从句缺少主语、宾语、表语时使用，在从句内部充当成分。 4. 连接副词（when/where/why/how） 从句主谓宾完整，缺少时间、地点、原因、方式状语。 三、同位语从句的虚拟语气 四、同位语从句高频固定句型 1. The news that… ……的消息…… The news that our team won spread quickly. 2. There is some doubt whether… 是否……尚存疑问 固定搭配： 肯定句doubt后用whether；✅There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不确定。 否定句There is no doubt that…毫无疑问，用that。✅There is no doubt that he is honest.毫无疑问他很诚实。 3. have no idea + 同位语从句：不知道…… I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他何时回来。 4. The reason that… ……的理由是…… The reason that he was late is unknown.他迟到的原因无人知晓。 5. The question whether… ……是否……的问题 The question whether we need more time remains unanswered. 五、同位语从句八大注意事项 1. 一律陈述句语序，不可倒装 The question is when can we leave. The question when we can leave remains unknown.✅ 2.  that引导同位语从句，不能省略，这是和定语从句最大区别。 that引导同位语从句不充当成分；that引导定语从句时，that充当主语或宾语，可作区分。  ①The news that he told me is true.（定语从句，that作told的宾语，可省略） ②The news that he died is true.（同位语从句，that不作成分，不可省略） 3. 表达“是否”只能用whether，if不能引导同位语从句。 4.  suggestion/advice/order/proposal等名词后的同位语从句强制虚拟语气(should)do，主句名词单复数不影响规则。 5. 分隔式同位语从句：谓语动词较短时，会把谓语提前，从句和名词隔开。 The news came that he had won the game.消息传来，他赢得了比赛。 6. 主句为过去时态，从句也要使用相应过去时态；主句现在时态，从句时态随句意。 练习： 答案+解析 模块五：考点排序及重难点辨析 一、 高频考点排序（高考优先级） 二、重难点辨析 1：that vs what 2：whether vs if 3：同位语从句 VS 定语从句 4.doubt专属规则 5.The reason why…that / That is why / That is because 6. it形式主语 VS it形式宾语 7.that省略规则（四大从句差异化） 1. ）that绝对不可省略 *所有主语从句（句首/it后置）That he lied surprised us. 不可省that *表语从句、同位语从句The truth is that he gave up. *介词后的从句（不能直接用that，需加it） *并列多宾语从句，第二个及以后thatI know (that) he came and that he left early. 2. ）that可以省略 ：单个、普通及物动词后的宾语从句I believe (that) you are right. 8. 名词性从句虚拟语气 9. 语序：所有名词性从句必须陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语 10.主谓一致 三、通用解题总逻辑：判位置→定类型→查成分→辨语序 名词性从句综合练习一 答案+解析 名词性从句综合练习二 答案+解析 名词性从句综合练习三 答案+解析 名词性从句综合练习四 答案+解析 名词性从句综合练习五 答案+解析 2020-2026 高考真题 答案及解析 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 讲透高中英语名词性从句---高考英语语法重难点专项突破(讲练结合)学生版 ★知识考情地位,题型分布及命题趋势 地位：名词性从句是高考语法核心必考模块，涵盖主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句四大类，贯穿全题型：语法填空、短文改错、完形、阅读理解长难句拆解、读后续写/应用文高级句式，是高中复合句体系的基石，也是学生易混淆的语法难点。 题型分布： 显性直接考题: 语法填空;无提示词，必考that/what/whether/how; 短文改错：语序颠倒、that/what混用、if误用 句首、that多余/遗漏;应用文+读后续写：高级句式加分，直接影响作文档次 隐性全篇渗透: 阅读：阅读90%长难句嵌套名词性从句; 完形：逻辑句意理解、从句语义判断 命题新趋势: 1 在语篇语境中理解运用名词性从句； ② 加大从句成分判断考查，区分“缺主宾”用代词、“成分完整”用副词； ③ 规避死记规则，侧重逻辑与句式结构分析， 实现输入（读懂长难句）+输出（改写简单句、升级句式）双向 破。 ★能力要求（新课标） 1.语法要求：语法填空：掌握名词性从句结构、陈述语序、连接词用法，精准选词填空，熟练运用It形式主语； 区分that/what、whether/if差异；掌握主谓一致、虚拟语气特殊规则等。 2.阅读完形：拆分长难句、理解句意 3.写作：熟练套用各种名词性从句，优化句式，提升句式档次。 ★知识模块构建 名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句。把这些从句作为一个整体当作名词，在复合句中作主语，宾语，表语和同位语。 四大分类（核心区分：从句位置） 1. 主语从句：从句在主句谓语前作主语 2. 宾语从句：从句在动词/介词/形容词后作宾语 3. 表语从句：从句在系动词后作表语（解释主语内容）4. 同位语从句：从句跟在抽象名词后，解释名词具体内容 三大引导词（通用所有名词性从句） （1）从属连词（无从句成分，仅连接）that：无词义、无成分，表陈述事实; whether/if：表“是否”，无从句成分 （2）连接代词（缺主/宾/表/定，有实义） who/whom/what/which/whose + whoever/whatever/whichever （3）连接副词（缺状语，表逻辑）when(时间)、where(地点)、how(方式)、why(原因) 模块一:主语从句 一、定义：在句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句。 二、两种结构 1. 从句直接放句首：引导词+从句+主句谓语 What he said is true. 2. It 作形式主语：It +谓语+真正主语从句 It is true that he told a lie. 三、主语从句的连接词 A.从属连词：that, whether/ if、（单纯连词）在从句中不做任何成分 B.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever等 C.连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等 四、各连接词连接的主语从句 A.从属连词：that / whether（从句不缺主语、宾语、表语，句子完整） 1.that无意思、不做任何成分、只起连接作用，陈述一件事实，that不能省略 1）从句在句首 That he passed the exam surprised everyone. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 2）用it 做形式主语 代替that 主语从句，把that 连接的真正主语从句放到句子后面，构成it做形式主语的复合结构，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻” a. It + 系动词 + 形容词 + that 从句   It is necessary that …  有必要……  It is clear that …  很清楚……  It is likely that …  很可能……  It is important that …  重要的是…… （常见形容词： strange 奇怪的、 natural 自然的、 obvious 明显的、 true 真实的、 good 好的、 wonderful 极好的、 possible 可能的、 unlikely 不太可能的、 unusual 不寻常的、 certain 确定的、 evident 明显的、 worth-while 值得的、 surprising 令人惊讶的、 interesting 有趣的、 astonishing 令人震惊的等。） It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you. It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. It is important that a student learn English well. It's clear that they badly need help. It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 注意： 在表示建议、命令、惊奇、惋惜等形容词 （necessary、important、surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible等）的that主语从句结构中，从句中谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”形式，即要用虚拟语气，should可省略。 It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages. It is strange that you (should) trust Jane. It is essential that he should be here by the weekend. b. It +系动词 +名词 + that从句 It is a fact that … 事实是…… It is good news that … ……是好消息 It is a question that … 是个问题 It is common knowledge that … 是常识 （常用名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing；no wonder；surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour, a hope 等。） It is a mystery to me how it all happened. It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. It's a pity that you missed the film. c. It +be +动词的过去分词+that从句（It has been +v.pp +从句） It is said that … 据说…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It has been proved that … 已证明…… It must be proved that… 必须查出…… （常用的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; announced; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out, pointed out 等） It is thought that he is the best player. It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 注意：当v-ed 常为demand, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend等时常用虚拟语气 It is v-ed that sb (should) do … It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. d. It+特殊动词+that从句 It seems/happens/appears/doesn’t matter/makes no difference 似乎/碰巧/好像/没关系 occurred, turn out 结果证明,matter 重要…… that … 这些动词常为不及物动词，主语从句不可提前 It seems that they will win the game.（seem后接that从句或as if从句） It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. It does not matter if I missed my train. It happened that I saw him yesterday. It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 注意： 1.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，要用it做形式主语，而把主句从句后置，不可提前。其疑问形式和句子的一般疑问形式一样。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 2.主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况 ①if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。If we can attend the party is unknown. × ② It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. ③ It happens… It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It is unknown whether we can attend the party √. Whether we can attend the party is unknown. ×. 2.whether 引导的主语从句 有含义“是否”，在句中不做成分、不可以省。 注意：whether 放在句首引导主语从句，只能用 whether，不能用 if，。 It 作形式主语时：whether / if 都可以 Whether you like him or not is none of my business. Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed. Whether they will come is unknown. = It is unknown whether/if they will come. Whether we will go hasn’t been decided. B.用连接代词引导的主语从句(从句缺少主语 / 宾语 / 表语，必用代词) 连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever在名词性从句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分。 What you need is more practice. Who will be sent there has not been decided. Which one is the best is not clear. Whatever we do is to serve the people. 注意： 1.what 含义：……的事情/东西what = 先行词 + 关系词（高考王牌） 2.whatever / whoever 的功用，并要注意和 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。 whatever, whoever 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，在主语从句中不含疑问意义。 whatever = anything that；whoever = anyone who。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.(让步状语从句） C. 用连接副词引导的主语从句:从句不缺主宾，但缺状语 连接副词：when / where / why / how  When ： When the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided. Where： Where we will camp hasn’t been planned. Why ：Why he left so suddenly surprised us.  How ：How we can protect animals matters a lot. 五、主语从句·注意点（重中之重） 1. 句首主语从句，绝对不能用if，只用whether ❌ If he comes is not certain. ✅ Whether he comes is not certain. 2. that 和 what 绝对不能连用 ❌ That what he said is right. ✅ What he said is right. 3. 单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语一般用单数 That he likes music attracts us. 4. what 引导主语从句，谓语单复数看表语 What we need is money. What we need are books. 5. 虚拟语气 It is necessary / important / strange that + (should) + 动词原形 It is necessary that he (should) go at once. 6.所有主语从句一律陈述语序，不疑问倒装：引导词+主语+谓语 ❌ When will he come is unknown. ✅ When he will come is unknown. 练习： 第一组 基础运用（名校联考改编） 1. ______ matters most when facing trouble is to stay calm. 2. It never crossed my mind ______ he would cheat in the exam. 3. ______ will be chosen as the new monitor is being heatedly discussed. 4. It is not clear ______ the ancient building was originally constructed. 5. ______ you regard as right deserves your persistence. 6. It strikes most visitors ______ the small town is full of warmth. 7. ______ caused the power cut last night has not been found out. 8. It is up to you ______ we set off for the seaside. 9. ______ of the two plans is more practical hasn’t been compared fully. 10. It makes sense ______ we prepare enough supplies in advance. 11. ______ volunteers are needed in the disaster area is being counted. 12. It is beyond doubt ______ hard work leads to progress. 13. ______ he referred to in his speech impressed every listener deeply. 14. It remains to be seen ______ the new policy works well. 15. ______ shares the same interest can join our reading club. 16. ______ direction the ship sailed was recorded by the device. 17. It is common knowledge ______ water is essential for all lives. 18. ______ he will cooperate with us largely depends on your attitude. 19. ______ we can produce is limited by raw materials. 20. It surprised everyone ______ the shy girl won first prize in the contest. 21. ______ country will host the next sports meet has been voted already. 22. It doesn’t make any sense ______ you complain without action. 23. ______ helped rebuild the old community won public praise. 24. ______ we can cut down costs will increase our profit space. 25. It is still unknown ______ the treasure was buried centuries ago. 第二组 综合强化 1. ______ many people ignore is that small habits shape one’s future. 2. It is not decided yet ______ side will win the final debate. 3. ______ is willing to devote time to public service deserves respect. 4. It dawned on the whole class ______ the teacher’s words were meaningful. 5. ______ you mean by saying that no one can fully understand. 6. It is uncertain ______ the old bridge can stand another heavy storm. 7. ______ wins the award will have an opportunity to study abroad. 8. It is no surprise ______ he ranks top; he devotes nearly all spare time to study. 9. ______ reason he gave for being late sounded totally unbelievable. 10. It makes little difference ______ we start the journey today or tomorrow. 11. ______ lies in the deep ocean has attracted scientists for decades. 12. It has been argued ______ art should serve ordinary people. 13. ______ meets the requirements can apply for the scholarship. 14. ______ we view failure decides whether we can make breakthroughs. 15. It shocked the public ______ such a serious accident could happen. 16. ______ part of the novel appeals to you can be chosen for acting. 17. It is a question ______ the two companies will reach cooperation. 18. ______ pushed him to make such a brave decision still puzzles us. 19. ______ is worth doing is worth doing well. 20. It is recorded ______ the festival dates back to hundreds of years ago. 21. ______ choice you make now will influence your future life. 22. It remains controversial ______ animals have feelings like humans. 23. ______ arranged the surprise party left no personal information. 24. ______ we master knowledge lies in repeated review instead of cramming. 25. It turned out ______ what he said was totally true. 模块二：宾语从句 一、定义 宾语从句：在主句中作宾语的从句，跟在及物动词、介词、某些形容词后面。 结构：主句 + 引导词 + 陈述语序的从句 二、可以接宾语从句的三类结构 1. 及物动词后（最常见）think, believe, suppose, hope, say, tell, ask, find, feel, know, understand等。 Do you know whom they are waiting for？ 2. 介词后面的宾语从句in, on, about, of, except等介词后宾语从句，引导词that一般不能省略。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money or not Our hometown is much different from what it was ten years ago.. 3. 某些形容词后的宾语从句 主语+be+形容词（sure, glad, afraid, sorry, surprised, certain，confident，determined，pleased，proud，satisfied ，worried等）+that 宾语从句 I am sure that he will succeed. We are afraid that we will be late. 三、三大核心要素（引导词、 时态、语序） 要素一）：引导词（三类：that/if，whether / 特殊疑问词） 1. that引导的宾语从句（由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句） 特点：that无词义、不作句子成分，口语和非正式文体常省略； He thinks (that) he is right. 注意： A. that 引导宾语从句的不能省略that的情况 1. ）介词后面的宾语从句，that不可省The reason lies in that he didn’t work hard. 2. ）两个that宾语从句并列，第一个that可省，第二个that必须保留 He said he was busy and that he couldn’t attend the meeting. 3.）当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 Doctors say that drinking too much coffee is harmful. 4.）当宾语从句的主语是this ，that或this ，that 做主语的定语时， He said that that was not his book ,but his sisters. 5. ).it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语从句后置的情况 ，在这种结构中that不可省略。 正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。 （1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, assume, make, prove, reckon, think, understand等动词接复合宾语（宾语+宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。 We have made it clear that we will learn to learn with difficult problems. 结构:主语 + 谓语+ it + 宾语补足语adj./n. + that从句 （it是形式宾语，that从句是真正宾语，不能直接把从句放在宾补前面。） I have made it a rule that we should finish the work on time. Parents believe it necessary that children should be educated . She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. Parents believe it necessary that children should be well educated. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time. She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. B.有些动词不能直接接宾语从句，后面要加it （1）在appreciate，like, enjoy, love, hate, take等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I like it that everyone passed the exam. take it for granted that… 想当然认为…… Some students just take it for granted that they will pass the exam. （2）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 We are thinking of it that we’ll lend you some money. I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. She’ll see to it that your problem gets settled. （3）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。 Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock. We took it for granted that he would come. 2.if / whether “是否”， （由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句） whether 有词义、不作句子成分，不能省略； 注意：只能用whether，不能用if的情况（口诀：介词后面、不定式to前，or not连用、置于句首、discuss后面） 1. ）介词之后：It depends on whether we go.（不可if） 2. ）与不定式to do连用：He hasn’t decided whether to accept the offer. 3.） 和or not直接连用：I don’t know whether or not he will come. 4. ）宾语从句置于句首：Whether he agrees, I don’t care. 5. ）动词discuss之后：We discussed whether we should put off the meeting. 3. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，（由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句） 特点：引导词本身在从句充当成分，不能省略 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，本身有词义。 连接副词：when, where, why, how，在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语。 I don’t know what he wants. Could you tell me how I can get to the library? 要素二）：时态呼应（主句时态决定从句时态） 1. 主现从不限：主句为一般现在时（can/know/think/say等）从句时态根据实际意思自由选择（现在、过去、将来均可） He says that he will go to Beijing tomorrow. I think he is reading now. 2. 主过从必过：主句为一般过去时（said/thought/asked/told等）从句必须用相应的过去时态： 一般现在→一般过去 现在进行→过去进行 一般将来→过去将来 现在完成→过去完成 He said he was busy.（is→was） She told me she would leave.（will→would） They thought they had finished the work.（have done→had done） 3. 真理永现在：从句是客观真理、科学事实、自然规律、永恒数据，不管主句什么时态，从句永远用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 注意： 从句有明确具体的过去时间状语（yesterday/last week/in 2020），即使主句过去，从句依然用一般过去时，不用过去完成时。 He said he met her yesterday. 要素三）：语序——陈述语序（ 主语在前，谓语在后） 结构：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他 1. Where does he live? I don’t know where he lives. 2. What will you do? She asks me what I will do. 注意： 当疑问词本身就是从句主语时，语序不变： Who is singing? → I know who is singing. What makes you happy? → Tell me what makes you happy. What's the matter with him？Do you know what's the matter ？ 四、否定转移现象 主句主语是第一人称(I/we)的一般现在时，谓语为think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/guess，从句的否定词，要转移到主句谓语上，从句用肯定形式。 I don’t believe he treated the children like that. I don’t think he can do it better than me . 注意： 1.反义疑问句规则：否定转移句子，反问要看从句： I don’t think he is right, is he? 2.上面的谓语动词前有副词或表示强调的 do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。 I really expect she didn’t say that to him. 我确实希望她不和他说那件事。 I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man. 我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。 五、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 当动词表示“建议、要求、命令”时，宾语从句强制虚拟结构：(should)+动词原形，should可省略。 常用动词： 一坚持insist ，二命令 order，command ，三 建议 advise，suggest，propose 四要求 demand ，require，request，desire， He suggested that we (should) start early. He ordered that we should go out at once. 注意：1.insist： 坚持要求、执意要做→虚拟(should)do He insisted that he (should) go there at once. 坚称，坚持说（事实）→陈述事实，不用虚拟He insisted that he was innocent. 2.suggest： 建议→虚拟Our teacher suggested that we should read English every day. 表明、暗示→陈述语气，不用虚拟。His expression suggested that he was angry. 练习： 1. It all depends on ________ we can get further financial support. 2. I have no doubt ________ our efforts will finally pay off. 3. He found ________ impossible that he could master all grammar rules in a week. 4. I doubt very much ________ he is telling the whole truth. 5. The teacher asked us ________ we had finished the experiment report. 6. Born in a poor area, she knows ________ education means to common people. 7. There is some doubt ________ he can pass the difficult college entrance examination. 8. She asked me ________ I came to this key senior high school. 9. I am not sure ________ one is better among the three methods. 10. He insisted that he ________ (tell) the truth and that he ________ (set) free at once. 11. We haven’t discussed yet ________ we will place our new laboratory equipment. 12. The doctor suggested that he ________ (give) up smoking and drinking. 13. I wonder ________ or not he has received my application letter. 14. He told me the sun ________ (rise) in the east every morning. 15. You may choose ________ interests you most from these courses. 16. I don’t think ________ right that students spend all time on written exercises. 17. Do you know ________ room the visiting expert lives in? 18. I couldn’t tell ________ excited I was when I won the first prize. 19. He didn’t tell me ________ major he intended to choose in university. 20. Everything you learn will become ________ belongs to you forever. 模块三：表语从句 一、定义 1. 表语：说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 2. 表语从句：属于名词性从句，放在主句系动词之后，对主语的内容进行解释、说明、判断，充当整个句子的表语。 二、可接表语从句的连系动词分类 ① be动词：be (being, been; am, is, are, was, were) ②感官类：feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell ③状态保持类：stand, lie, remain, keep, stay ④变化类：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall ⑤证明类：prove, turn out The problem is puzzling. 这问题令人困惑。（主语+连系动词+形容词作表语） The problem is when we can get a pay rise.主语+连系动词+表语从句） 三、引导表语从句的连接词 1. 从属连词：that、whether、as if/as though 2. 连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 四、各连接词连接的表语从句 1. 由从属连词that、whether引导的表语从句 1）that：无词义，不可以省略；只起连接作用。 2）whether：有词义，意为“是否”。 The trouble is (that) she has lost her money. The question is whether we need more ice cream. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题仍是他们能否帮助我们。 2.由连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 功能：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。 The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work. That’s what he is worrying about. That’s what we should do. 3.由连接副词引导的表语从句 Go and get your coat. It‘s where you left it. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. That is what he is worried about. 4.由连词because，as if/as though，as等引导的表语从句。 It looked as if it was going to snow. That’s because we never thought of it. It seems as if he didn’t know the answer. Things are not as they seem to be. 注意：as if /as though引导的表语从句，如果是事实就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he were her own father. = It seems that she will go shopping this afternoon. ①与现在不符，谓语用一般过去时：He talks as if he knew everything. ②与过去不符，had done结构：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. ③与将来不符，would/could+动词原形：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 五、表语从句常用句型 A. It /This/That is +特殊疑问词+句子中（陈述句） ① “That is why…” “这就是……的原因/因此……”，（其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，why表结果） I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. ②That is because…”意为“这就是为什么……/因为……” 句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，指原因或理由。 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因） He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.（第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）  ③ That is how…. ④ This is what …. ⑤This is where …lies ⑥It is when…. ⑦it is where…. 表语从句常用特殊疑问词引导，但并不表示疑问。而表示事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、所在、怀疑、多少等等。 My question / problem is whether/when/where/why/how/what/how many…. B It seems/appears that…似乎……；好像……it作形式主语，后面that从句作真正主语(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气) It seems that… 似乎……It seems that everything goes well. It appears that… 好像…… It is certain that… 肯定…… C.主句主语通常为抽象名词：question, trouble, problem, result, chance, suggestion, idea, reason等；表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语内容具体化。 基本结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 ①主语常常是表示建议、要求、命令、请求的名词。表语从句由that引导，并且从句中要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)。 结构：主语 + be + that + (should) + 动词原形（虚拟语气） My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. The suggestion/advice/proposal/demand/request/order… is that… ②主语常为原因，问题，结果，麻烦，疑惑 The reason is that …… The reason why…is that… The reason why you got panic is that you haven’t been well prepared for what’s going to happen. 你之所以恐慌是因为你没有要为发生的事情做好准备。  My doubt is whether …(or not).（表语从句中只能用whether不能用if） ③主语常常是表示时间、地点，表语从句由when（主语是时间）、where（主语是地点）引导。 The time/moment is when…. The place is where…. ④主语常常是表示可能性的词，表语从句由that引导。 Chances are that…. 很可能…… The possibility is that …. D.主语常常是what引导主语从句，表语从句常用that引导。 What kids should keep in mind is that…. What’s the most important is that…. 六、表语从句九大注意事项 1. 语序必须陈述语序 The question is how can we get there. 2. that不可省略 表语从句that无论何时一律保留，不能删掉。 3. 表语从句表达“是否”，只用whether，禁止使用if。 (as if例外)。 4. The reason作主语时，后面表语从句只能用that，不能用because。属于语义重复。 5. suggestion、advice、order、request、demand作主语时，表语从句强制虚拟：(should)+动词原形，should可省略。引导词that不变。 6. what引导从句时，what本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；that不充当任何成分，二者不能混用。 That is what he said.what：……的东西/事情（高考语法填空必考） This is what my teacher taught me. 7. 主句是过去时态，从句也要使用相应的过去时态；主句现在时态，从句时态根据句意自由使用。 8.  主句主语是idea, hope, wish, plan, truth等名词时，后面表语从句一律用that引导。 练习： 1. The reason why nature is important is ________ it provides us with everything. 2. Our teacher’s advice is that we ________(read) English aloud every morning. 3. The problem is ________ we can improve our writing skills quickly. 4. This is ________ has helped me get out of trouble many times. 5. The village is ________ the river runs into the lake. 6. It seems ________ he has prepared everything well. 7. The question is ________ will take part in the competition. 8. That was ________ I understood the true meaning of love. 9. The reality is ________ time never waits for anyone. 10. There is some doubt ________ he is fit for the job. 11. This is ________ our ideas are completely different. 12. The order is that all the work ________(finish) before dark. 13. That is ________ we are short of at present. 14. The city is ________ great changes have taken place. 15. It looks ________ it hasn’t rained for a long time. 16. The truth is ________ everyone needs care and understanding. 17. The question is ________ of the plans is more practical. 18. What he said isn’t ________ I want to express. 19. Life is ________ full of unexpected chances. 20. That is ________ we should never give up easily. 模块四：同位语从句 一、定义 同位语从句属于名词性从句，放在抽象名词之后，用来解释、说明前面名词的具体内容，该从句与前面名词是同位关系。常用抽象名词：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, promise, question, doubt, suggestion, advice, order, reason, message, chance等。 结构：抽象名词 + 引导词 + 完整陈述句语序的从句 💡区分：同位语从句是解释名词内容；定语从句是修饰限定名词。 二、引导同位语从句的连接词 1. that：从句成分完整、意思完整，that无词义，不作任何句子成分，不可省略。 The news that he passed the exam is true.他通过考试的消息是真的。 The fact that he has lied to us surprised everyone. 2. whether（是否）： ⚠️同位语从句表达“是否”，只用whether，绝对不能用if。 There is some doubt whether he can finish the task.他能否完成任务还存在疑问。 3. 连接代词（what/who/whose/which/whoever等）从句缺少主语、宾语、表语时使用，在从句内部充当成分。 I have no idea who will take charge of the class. 4. 连接副词（when/where/why/how） 从句主谓宾完整，缺少时间、地点、原因、方式状语。 The question when we will start has not been decided. He raised the question where we could get the money. 三、同位语从句的虚拟语气 当名词为suggestion, advice, order, demand, request, proposal（建议、命令、要求）时，同位语从句必须用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形，should可省略。 My suggestion that we (should) put off the meeting is accepted.我提出的推迟会议的建议被采纳了。 四、同位语从句高频固定句型 1. The news that… ……的消息…… The news that our team won spread quickly. 2. There is some doubt whether… 是否……尚存疑问 固定搭配： 肯定句doubt后用whether；✅There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不确定。 否定句There is no doubt that…毫无疑问，用that。✅There is no doubt that he is honest.毫无疑问他很诚实。 3. have no idea + 同位语从句：不知道…… I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他何时回来。 4. The reason that… ……的理由是…… The reason that he was late is unknown.他迟到的原因无人知晓。 5. The question whether… ……是否……的问题 The question whether we need more time remains unanswered. 五、同位语从句八大注意事项 1. 一律陈述句语序，不可倒装 The question is when can we leave. The question when we can leave remains unknown.✅ 2.  that引导同位语从句，不能省略，这是和定语从句最大区别。 that引导同位语从句不充当成分；that引导定语从句时，that充当主语或宾语，可作区分。  ①The news that he told me is true.（定语从句，that作told的宾语，可省略） ②The news that he died is true.（同位语从句，that不作成分，不可省略） 3. 表达“是否”只能用whether，if不能引导同位语从句。 4.  suggestion/advice/order/proposal等名词后的同位语从句强制虚拟语气(should)do，主句名词单复数不影响规则。 5. 分隔式同位语从句：谓语动词较短时，会把谓语提前，从句和名词隔开。 The news came that he had won the game.消息传来，他赢得了比赛。 6. 主句为过去时态，从句也要使用相应过去时态；主句现在时态，从句时态随句意。 练习： 1. I have no doubt ________ he will break the school running record. 2. There is still doubt ________ he is fit for the difficult task. 3. The suggestion ________ we value every minute won high praise. 4. I have no idea ________ it was that saved the trapped child.（强调句嵌套同位语从句） 5. The evidence ________ he stole the money has been found. 6. The question ________ we should elect as monitor is widely discussed. 7. Word spread quickly ________ a new teaching building would be built. 8. He had no idea ________ serious the situation was then. 9. The order that all work must be finished before dark was given. 10. The problem ________ we can get advanced equipment troubles us greatly. 11. There is some doubt ________ the project can be finished on schedule. 12. The fact ________ he gave up the chance shocked everyone. 13. I have no idea ________ materials we should choose for our research. 14. The belief ________ education can change one’s life influences millions of people. 15. The possibility ________ natural disasters will happen cannot be ignored. 16. The question ________ we deal with industrial waste needs careful consideration. 17. It was a pity ________ he missed the chance to enter the key university. 18. His hope ________ he could be admitted to Tsinghua University came true at last. 19. No one can answer the question ________ invented this useful machine. 20. The thought ________ we would meet difficulties never stopped us. 模块五：考点排序及重难点辨析 一、 高频考点排序（高考优先级） 1.  that / what 成分与语义区别（每年必考） 2. whether / if 用法边界（填空、改错高频坑点） 3. that的省略与保留规则（四类从句差异化规则） 4. it形式主语/形式宾语固定句型（写作提分核心） 5. 同位语从句 vs 定语从句终极区分（高频辨析难点） 6. 从句虚拟语气、主谓一致、陈述语序 二、重难点辨析 1：that vs what 核心本质对比：口诀：从句完整不用what，缺主缺宾必用what that 不作任何成分， 无实义，，仅连接从句主谓宾完整，陈述事实 what 必作主/宾/表 ，表示……的事物/话/内容，= the thing(s) that， 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语 That he worked hard won praise.（从句he worked hard完整→that） What he did won praise.（did缺少宾语，what指代“他做的事”→what） 2：whether vs if 1. ）只能用whether，绝对不能用if的6种场景（句首、介后、or not、to前，只用whether） *句首主语从句 ✅ Whether we go hiking is unknown.❌ If we go hiking is unknown. *介词后宾语从句 ✅ I care about whether you agree.❌ I care about if you agree. *搭配or / or not ✅ I don’t know whether he will come or not. *不定式to前 ✅ I haven’t decided whether to leave. *表语从句、同位语从句 ✅ The problem is whether we have time.✅ There is doubt whether he can win. *置于句首单独省略从句Whether or not, I will support you. 2.）whether/if可互换场景 普通及物动词后宾语从句（无or not）I wonder if/whether he will attend. it作形式主语后置从句It is unclear if/whether he will come. 3：同位语从句 VS 定语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 核心功能 解释抽象名词具体内容，名词=从句 修饰、限定前面名词，缩小范围 That 作用 不作成分，无词义，不可省略 作主/宾语，作宾语时可省略 前置名词 仅抽象名词 fact/news/idea/doubt/hope/promise 所有名词（人/物/抽象） 验证方法 名词 + be + 从句，句子通顺 名词不能直接等于从句内容 The news that we won the match spread fast.（同位语）拆分：The news is that we won the match. 通顺；that无成分 The news that he told me spread fast.（定语从句）拆分：The news is that he told me. 不通；that作told宾语 4.doubt专属规则 *肯定句（有疑问）+ whether There is some doubt whether he is reliable. *否定/疑问句（无疑问）+ that There is no doubt that he will succeed. 5.The reason why…that / That is why / That is because 1. ）The reason why + 定语从句 + is that………的原因是……（主句主语reason，表语用that陈述事实） The reason why he failed is that he was lazy. 2. ）That is why + 结果 那就是……的原因（前面是原因，从句表结果） He missed the bus. That is why he was late. 3. ）That is because + 原因 那是因为……（前面是结果，从句表原因） He was late. That is because he missed the bus. 4） The reason is because he was lazy. ❌（当reason作主语时，避免重复，不能用because引导表语从句） 6. it形式主语 VS it形式宾语 1. ）It作形式主语（主语从句后置）四大句型 * It + be + adj + that（important/obvious/strange） *It + be + 名词 + that（a pity/a fact/no wonder） * It + be + 过去分词 + that（reported/believed/said） *It + 不及物动词 + that（seems/occurs/happens） 2. ）It作形式宾语（动词后，真正宾语从句后置） 主语 + find/think/make/feel/consider + it + 宾补 + that从句 ✅ I think it necessary that we keep exercising.❌ I think that necessary that we keep exercising. 3）特殊it固定搭配 --- see to it that… 务必保证…… --- take it for granted that… 认为……理所当然 --- hate/like/appreciate it that… 区分技巧 it在主句谓语前=形式主语；it在动词后、宾补前=形式宾语 7.that省略规则（四大从句差异化） 1. ）that绝对不可省略 *所有主语从句（句首/it后置）That he lied surprised us. 不可省that *表语从句、同位语从句The truth is that he gave up. *介词后的从句（不能直接用that，需加it） *并列多宾语从句，第二个及以后thatI know (that) he came and that he left early. 2. ）that可以省略 ：单个、普通及物动词后的宾语从句I believe (that) you are right. 8. 名词性从句虚拟语气 1. ）命令/建议/要求类（一律 (should) do，should可省） 动词：suggest/advise/insist/order/demand/require/request从句谓语：(should) + 动词原形 It is suggested that we (should) take a break. He insisted that he (should) go there at once. *suggest表“表明、暗示”→陈述语气 His pale face suggests that he is tired. *insist表“坚持认为（事实）”→陈述语气 He insisted that he didn’t steal the pen. 2. ）形容词类虚拟It is important/necessary/vital/strange that + (should) do 9. 语序：所有名词性从句必须陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语 ❌ I don’t know where is he.✅ I don’t know where he is. 10.主谓一致 1. ）单个从句作主语，主句谓语单数What we need is patience. 2. ）两个并列从句作主语，谓语复数 Where he lives and what he does are unknown. 3. ）what从句谓语单复数看表语 What I want is a book. / What we want are two books. 3. 连接副词when/where/how/why 从句主谓宾完整，缺状语时使用，无成分缺失不用Why he quit remains unknown.（缺原因状语） 4. ）wh-ever类（whoever/whatever/whichever） = anyone who / anything that，可引导主语、宾语从句，表“无论……” Whoever breaks the rule will be punished. 三、通用解题总逻辑：判位置→定类型→查成分→辨语序 1. 看从句在主句中的位置，判定四类名词性从句； 2. 分析从句内部：缺成分用疑问类引导词，不缺成分用that/whether； 3. 所有名词性从句一律用陈述语序（无疑问倒装）； 4. 结合固定句型、虚拟规则、主谓一致校验答案。 名词性从句综合练习一 1. Have you found the red mark (记号) on the map? This is ____ Huashan High School lies. 2. Finally I want to express my hope ____ all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man. 3. I often imagine ____ my life will be like in ten years. 4. The gold medal will be awarded to ____ wins the first place in the bicycle race. 5. Outside of the farm, students are engaging in some taste tests with ____ they get from the gardens. 6. ____ made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____ he wants. 8. It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 9. I submit ____ more proof is needed to support the case. 10. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before. 11. ____ is fond of his work will work with passion. 12. Every year, ____ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 13. When you get separated from your mother, please remain ____ you are. 14. The reason for his absence was ____ he was ill in hospital. 15. After a day’s exhausting climb we arrived at ____ we had been told was Garden in the air. 16. I think ____ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 17. It remains to be seen ____ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. 18. The important thing is to clarify ____ the change in the law will mean. 19. ____ we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality. 20. I enjoyed every happy moment despite the fact ____ the training life was really difficult. 21. I told him ____ was surprised at his attitude towards his study. 22. It seems ____ most houses have been destroyed by the storm. 23. ____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 24. Some people believe ____ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 25. It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time. 26. As John Lennon once said, life is ____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 27. ____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. 28. The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was ____ he was ill. 29. There is growing evidence ____ staying up late has a serious influence on people’s health. 30. We have several types of notebooks to choose from, but ____ one suits you depends on your taste. 31. Try and anticipate ____ the interviewers will ask in the job interview. 32. He hired himself out to ____ needed his services. 33. I realized that learning didn’t have to be a solo effort and ____ working with others could be more productive. 34. I knew nothing about the accident except ____ I read in the newspaper. 35. It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself. 36. There is no doubt ____ the way we use memory is changing. 37. There has been more evidence ____ plastic is finding its way into the human body. 38. There is good evidence ____ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 39. He often thinks of ____ he can do more for the four modernizations. 40. ____ my dear teacher couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer middle school students showed interest in her lessons. 41. He is angry. The reason is ____ he doesn’t like being laughed at in public. 42. The inquiry concluded ____ the accident had been caused by human error. 43. Tang poems are very nice. That is ____ more and more people are interested in them. 44. As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I was used to eating was ____ I now recognize as Guangdong food because most Chinese immigrants to the UK came from Guangdong. 45. The fact is ____ computers are of great help to the development of science and technology. 46. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ____ you read. 47. There can be little doubt ____ despite all the challenges, self-driving cars will form a big part of our future. 48. Doris, success lies in the fact ____ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. 49. A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. 50. Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact ____ he doesn’t have what it takes to be a professional. 名词性从句综合练习二 1. On hearing ____ I had done to my mum, he, as well as my mum, beamed at me and gave me a big thumb. 2. What is just beyond my imagination is ____ fortune should bless me with a chance to realize my dream. 3. ____ is important is that we let others know we care about them. 4. The villagers have already known ____ we will do is rebuild the bridge. 5. While making a paper work, I could easily work out the problem ____ I should do at each step. 6. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine ____ pleasant smells might reduce pain. 7. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need to be improved. 8. I won’t believe ____ he says, for I don’t think he is a reliable person. 9. The idea ____ you can do this well without thinking is quite wrong. 10. The general manager approved of the plan ____ they should work out weekly, monthly and yearly budgets. 11. One day, my five year old son asked me ____ there was ham in a hamburger. 12. Everything about the country seemed completely different from ____ I’d experienced before. 13. There’s a feeling in me ____ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever. 14. I have no idea ____ the journalist could have got his information from. 15. There’s a possibility ____ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation. 16. But it seems ____ many people don’t cook fish at home. 17. The question was brought to life again ____ a person has the right to end his or her own life and a doctor has the right to assist. 18. We didn’t set out; it was ____ we wanted to wait until our mother came back. 19. Over the next several months, my professor taught me ____ one story was so much better than the other. 20. Our English teacher told us to find out ____ the differences between American English and British English lie. 21. After the hurricane was over, the villagers looked at ____ was left of their houses, feeling sad. 22. The reason why he didn’t go to school was ____ he caught a heavy cold. 23. There is some doubt ____ we should direct our attention to the fundamental question. 24. The reason why I lost my temper was ____ I couldn’t tolerate his laziness. 25. We made a survey among the new customers to find out ____ they think of our product. 26. Why we decided to put off the meeting was ____ the weather was too bad. 27. There is growing evidence ____ staying up late has a serious effect on people’s health. 28. When dining alone, we can consume whatever we would like, with the added bonus ____ we might be able to eat more healthily. 29. Researchers began using functional (3D) imaging technology to find out ____ the brain works. 30. He discovered ____ having only a little money made him free. 31. ____ I want is to live simply and be helpful to others. 32. Some people propose a suggestion ____ smoking should be banned in all public places. 33. I got six books from the library. The question is ____ one I should read first! 34. What makes the book a bestseller is ____ the plot is complicated and pulls at the heartstrings of the reader. 35. What he wants to know is ____ we can work out tomorrow morning. 36. I will never forget ____ I once lived in China; I think it is the most beautiful place in the world. 37. ____ I can picture out in my mind was a beautiful scene after I heard his description. 38. Sometimes, we take it for granted ____ everything has to be perfect for us and we expect high quality products and service. 39. I have the belief ____ some of you heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one. 40. The major contribution of this great explorer is ____ he “discovered” the New World. 41. The possibility ____ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 42. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine ____ pleasant smells might reduce pain. 43. Bob made a promise to the manager ____ the work would all be finished on time. 44. The reason is ____ her teacher Mr Burns always tells her to do her best. 45. You should look through the business directory to see ____ your main competitors will be. 46. What excited me greatly was ____ my novel had been published. 47. We will never give in ____ they do or say about our plan. 48. It’s not clear ____ they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not. 49. The bad news was ____ our team had been defeated in the game. 50. First, Adam had to think very carefully about ____ courses he wanted to take. 名词性从句综合练习三 1. It suddenly struck me ____ I could use the money I saved to help a poor student in the countryside. 2. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question ____ I can go with him to what he calls the Underground Treasure House next week. 3. We are living in ____ is called the information age, but we human beings always lack real communication. 4. ____ makes teachers happy is not power or money, but the achievements of their students. 5. Go and get your coat. It’s ____ you left it. 6. He gave me a guarantee ____ he would finish the task within three days. 7. There is the belief ____ if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. 8. One reason for her preference for city life is ____ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 9. She made a request ____ the doctor should be sent for at once. 10. There is no doubt ____ the sports meeting will be put off till next week. 11. I had neither a computer nor newspaper. That’s ____ I don’t know the latest news. 12. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ____ the party is to be held? 13. Could I speak to ____ is in charge of International Sales, please? 14. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon. 15. What he wants to know is ____ or not he has enough time to get ready for the new job. 16. ____ engages in killing and trading wild animals will be punished. 17. With its strong comprehensive national power, China is not ____ she used to be. 18. We all want to know ____ he used to make the sound effects in the movie. 19. We wonder ____ there is any possibility of the plan. 20. ____ really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes. 21. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ____ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 22. We still have some doubt ____ he will come tomorrow. 23. A successful man often said, “Find a dream and do ____ it takes to make it come true.” 24. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s ____ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 25. I feel quite ashamed ____ I have not fulfilled the task. 26. Apart from ____ is outlined above, the following is worth our attention. 27. It’s your fault ____ she hasn’t come to the party. 28. ____ is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks. 29. Pressure is ____ you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something. 30. Your support is important to our work, ____ you can do helps. 31. It never occurred to me ____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 32. It is likely ____ you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 33. I guarantee ____ you will love the film. 34. Anne’s sister Margot was very upset ____ the family had to move. 35. The beautiful view of the city is ____ attracts me most. 36. I can’t wait to describe to you ____ senior high school life is like. 37. I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 38. There is some doubt ____ he will continue to be successful in future. 39. If you concentrate on ____ you don’t have, you will never, ever have enough. 40. Make sure ____ you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. 41. When asked about ____ inspired her to show such kindness towards a stranger, she simply shrugged and said, “I just try to do something nice.” 42. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 43. The question ____ the gas is harmful to people’s health is not clear. 44. As is known to us, we live in ____ is called the information age. 名词性从句综合练习四 1. It is recognised ____ the environmental pollution has become more and more serious. 2. The problem is ____ we can get to replace her. 3. The attendees at the conference will vote to decide ____ another bridge will be built over the support river or not. 4. Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed ____ he would not live. 5. It has been proved ____ the practice can only do good. 6. We all expect ____ they will win, for members of their team are stronger. 7. I believe that you have done your best and ____ things will get better. 8. ____ you have done might do harm to other people. 9. It soon became apparent ____ the two women knew each other. 10. It is a problem ____ they will support us. 11. It is important ____ he should know about this. 12. The Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark ____ the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language. 13. It is painful ____ Tom will fail this exam. 14. The cultures of the East and the West are quite different from each other. This is ____ the culture systems are separate. 15. We are aware ____ everyone has faults, but we can’t judge people by their appearance. 16. She heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day, and ____ he felt more than just desire to please her. 17. Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is ____ the lovers are separated. 18. The question is ____ he has left the area. 19. Emotional moments can recall ____ you felt about something and can be strong and powerful. 20. In much of Chinese history, ____ was considered as money, were small coins with holes in the middle. 21. ____ I have achieved in the tough task is credited to the guidance of my teacher. 22. The best times were ____ they had slippers and could sit up talking about anything and everything everyone. 23. It is advised that one mustn’t go jogging very early in the morning; this is ____ the body temperature is lower. 24. Susan made it clear to me ____ she wished to make a new life for herself. 25. I always read newspapers backwards because the back pages are ____ the sport is. 26. He failed in the exam. That’s ____ he didn’t review. 27. There is no doubt ____ the environment is being polluted by human beings. 28. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it’s long been assumed ____ human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals. 29. Make sure ____ there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in. 30. If you see a doctor leaving a house, you may deduce ____ someone in the house is ill. 31. Her father tried to pretend ____ nothing unusual had happened. 32. ____ surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display in the British Museum. 33. ____ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. 34. Sorry I’m so late, but you cannot imagine ____ great trouble I took to find your house. 35. I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I’m not sure ____ I should begin. 36. There is no possibility ____ we can get there on time, because the snow held up our flight. 37. His offering me the prize was worth more than ____ I did for him. 38. ____ he is focusing on is the ancient Chinese literature and he is fascinated by Tang poetry. 39. Someone called for you yesterday, but I don’t know ____ he is. 40. Autumn is the best season of the year in Beijing, not only because of the pleasant weather, but also because of the fact ____ it is the season when universities welcome their freshmen. 41. ____ you are coming to Beijing is the best news I have heard for a long time. 42. Always give your best in ____ you set out to do, however difficult that might be. 43. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from ____ she used to be. 44. It is not clear ____ the man is a suspect or a detective. 45. We should learn from ____ is superior to us. 46. It suddenly occurred to him ____ he had left his keys in the office. 47. We promise ____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 48. —Does it matter much ____ the manager won’t attend the meeting here tomorrow? —I have no idea. 49. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. 50.Word came ____ a new teaching building would be built in our school the next year. 名词性从句综合练习五 1. It is not always easy for the public to see ____ a new invention can be of to human life. 2. We haven’t discussed yet ____ we are going to place our new furniture. 3. The general manager approved of the plan ____ they should work out weekly, monthly and yearly budgets. 4. We infer from his letter ____ he is unhappy, which makes us worried. 5. I began to suspect ____ they were trying to get rid of me. 6. It’s said ____ history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. 7. The difficulty lies in the fact ____ we are short of money. 8. —Have you finished the book? —No. I’ve read up to ____ the children discover the secret cave. 9. —Are you a native of this town? —I was born in New York, but this is ____ I grew up. 10. An accident happened on the main road. That was ____ traffic seemed to slow down suddenly. 11. The great thing about music is ____ it can bring people of different cultural backgrounds together. 12. The girls were surprised at the fact ____ ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. 13. The most interesting thing here is ____ we can go to the fitness square to play football in the evening. 14. The moment I will always remember is ____ I delivered my first English speech before a big audience. 15. ____ has impressed me most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. 16. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ____ he never finishes anything. 17. He didn’t finish his homework on time. That is ____ he was punished by the teacher. 18. ____ we can lock up his address is still a problem. 19. Apart from ____ is outlined above, the following is worth our attention. 20. Scientists have obtained more evidence ____ plastic is finding its way into the human body. 21. They are discussing the problem ____ they should stop investing money in that project. 22. Summer camps can provide you with as many different courses, and you are required to choose ____ suits you best. 23. The bad news was ____ our team had been defeated in the game. 24. There are certainly no signs ____ Jason is a rich and successful man! 25. It was obvious ____ he didn’t want to leave me. 26. We found ____ that the less sleep teens had, more aggressive over time. 27. Many students want to leave their teens life at university as ____ they can experience pure friends. 28. ____ is also different is that students in the same class can have different class schedules. 29. People would love to know ____ daily life is like in space and how it differs from life on the Earth. 30. ____ part of the country he will travel to alone this summer holiday needs further discussion. 31. We worked hard to persuade them ____ they were genuinely interested in the project. 32. You are saying that everyone should work out two hours a day, and this is ____ I disagree. 33. The most pleasant thing of being a librarian is ____ I can read as many books as I can. 34. It is well-known to the world ____ Mark Twain was a great American writer. 35. The question came up at the meeting ____ we had enough money to carry out the research. 2020-2026 高考真题 1.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2.(2021年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she lived. 3.（2021.6天津卷）.It seemed that I had become ____ my parents had wanted me to be. A. when B. where C. what D. whether 4.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 5.(2022年北京)It’ s easy to explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 6.（2022新高考Ⅱ卷）He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs Brown. “I don’t know ____ to thank him.” 7.（2022.6天津卷） Mental health involves ____ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A. how B. what C. why D. which 8.（23年新高课标Ⅱ卷）They also need to be ready to give _41 interviews 　___ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is _42 　___ they need an English trainer. 9.（2023.6天津卷）1. People who value their privacy are concerned about ____ Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 10.（2024年1月浙江）Of course, shops are not charities; they price goods in the way58 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's 59 they' ll promote. But that leaves the solo(单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 11.（2024年全国甲卷）On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 63. is now northwestern Wyoming. 12.（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is 13. _ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 13.（2025年天津卷） People who value their privacy are concerned about ____ Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 讲透高中英语名词性从句---高考英语语法重难点专项突破(讲练结合)教师版 ★知识考情地位,题型分布及命题趋势 地位：名词性从句是高考语法核心必考模块，涵盖主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句四大类，贯穿全题型：语法填空、短文改错、完形、阅读理解长难句拆解、读后续写/应用文高级句式，是高中复合句体系的基石，也是学生易混淆的语法难点。 题型分布： 显性直接考题: 语法填空;无提示词，必考that/what/whether/how; 短文改错：语序颠倒、that/what混用、if误用 句首、that多余/遗漏;应用文+读后续写：高级句式加分，直接影响作文档次 隐性全篇渗透: 阅读：阅读90%长难句嵌套名词性从句; 完形：逻辑句意理解、从句语义判断 命题新趋势: 1 在语篇语境中理解运用名词性从句； ② 加大从句成分判断考查，区分“缺主宾”用代词、“成分完整”用副词； ③ 规避死记规则，侧重逻辑与句式结构分析， 实现输入（读懂长难句）+输出（改写简单句、升级句式）双向 破。 ★能力要求（新课标） 1.语法要求：语法填空：掌握名词性从句结构、陈述语序、连接词用法，精准选词填空，熟练运用It形式主语； 区分that/what、whether/if差异；掌握主谓一致、虚拟语气特殊规则等。 2.阅读完形：拆分长难句、理解句意 3.写作：熟练套用各种名词性从句，优化句式，提升句式档次。 ★知识模块构建 名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句。把这些从句作为一个整体当作名词，在复合句中作主语，宾语，表语和同位语。 四大分类（核心区分：从句位置） 1. 主语从句：从句在主句谓语前作主语 2. 宾语从句：从句在动词/介词/形容词后作宾语 3. 表语从句：从句在系动词后作表语（解释主语内容）4. 同位语从句：从句跟在抽象名词后，解释名词具体内容 三大引导词（通用所有名词性从句） （1）从属连词（无从句成分，仅连接）that：无词义、无成分，表陈述事实; whether/if：表“是否”，无从句成分 （2）连接代词（缺主/宾/表/定，有实义） who/whom/what/which/whose + whoever/whatever/whichever （3）连接副词（缺状语，表逻辑）when(时间)、where(地点)、how(方式)、why(原因) 模块一:主语从句 一、定义：在句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句。 二、两种结构 1. 从句直接放句首：引导词+从句+主句谓语 What he said is true. 2. It 作形式主语：It +谓语+真正主语从句 It is true that he told a lie. 三、主语从句的连接词 A.从属连词：that, whether/ if、（单纯连词）在从句中不做任何成分 B.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever等 C.连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等 四、各连接词连接的主语从句 A.从属连词：that / whether（从句不缺主语、宾语、表语，句子完整） 1.that无意思、不做任何成分、只起连接作用，陈述一件事实，that不能省略 1）从句在句首 That he passed the exam surprised everyone. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 2）用it 做形式主语 代替that 主语从句，把that 连接的真正主语从句放到句子后面，构成it做形式主语的复合结构，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻” a. It + 系动词 + 形容词 + that 从句   It is necessary that …  有必要……  It is clear that …  很清楚……  It is likely that …  很可能……  It is important that …  重要的是…… （常见形容词： strange 奇怪的、 natural 自然的、 obvious 明显的、 true 真实的、 good 好的、 wonderful 极好的、 possible 可能的、 unlikely 不太可能的、 unusual 不寻常的、 certain 确定的、 evident 明显的、 worth-while 值得的、 surprising 令人惊讶的、 interesting 有趣的、 astonishing 令人震惊的等。） It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you. It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. It is important that a student learn English well. It's clear that they badly need help. It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 注意： 在表示建议、命令、惊奇、惋惜等形容词 （necessary、important、surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible等）的that主语从句结构中，从句中谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”形式，即要用虚拟语气，should可省略。 It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages. It is strange that you (should) trust Jane. It is essential that he should be here by the weekend. b. It +系动词 +名词 + that从句 It is a fact that … 事实是…… It is good news that … ……是好消息 It is a question that … 是个问题 It is common knowledge that … 是常识 （常用名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing；no wonder；surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour, a hope 等。） It is a mystery to me how it all happened. It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. It's a pity that you missed the film. c. It +be +动词的过去分词+that从句（It has been +v.pp +从句） It is said that … 据说…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It has been proved that … 已证明…… It must be proved that… 必须查出…… （常用的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; announced; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out, pointed out 等） It is thought that he is the best player. It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 注意：当v-ed 常为demand, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend等时常用虚拟语气 It is v-ed that sb (should) do … It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. d. It+特殊动词+that从句 It seems/happens/appears/doesn’t matter/makes no difference 似乎/碰巧/好像/没关系 occurred, turn out 结果证明,matter 重要…… that … 这些动词常为不及物动词，主语从句不可提前 It seems that they will win the game.（seem后接that从句或as if从句） It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. It does not matter if I missed my train. It happened that I saw him yesterday. It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 注意： 1.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，要用it做形式主语，而把主句从句后置，不可提前。其疑问形式和句子的一般疑问形式一样。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 2.主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况 ①if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。If we can attend the party is unknown. × ② It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. ③ It happens… It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It is unknown whether we can attend the party √. Whether we can attend the party is unknown. ×. 2.whether 引导的主语从句 有含义“是否”，在句中不做成分、不可以省。 注意：whether 放在句首引导主语从句，只能用 whether，不能用 if，。 It 作形式主语时：whether / if 都可以 Whether you like him or not is none of my business. Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed. Whether they will come is unknown. = It is unknown whether/if they will come. Whether we will go hasn’t been decided. B.用连接代词引导的主语从句(从句缺少主语 / 宾语 / 表语，必用代词) 连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever在名词性从句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分。 What you need is more practice. Who will be sent there has not been decided. Which one is the best is not clear. Whatever we do is to serve the people. 注意： 1.what 含义：……的事情/东西what = 先行词 + 关系词（高考王牌） 2.whatever / whoever 的功用，并要注意和 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。 whatever, whoever 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，在主语从句中不含疑问意义。 whatever = anything that；whoever = anyone who。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.(让步状语从句） C. 用连接副词引导的主语从句:从句不缺主宾，但缺状语 连接副词：when / where / why / how  When ： When the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided. Where： Where we will camp hasn’t been planned. Why ：Why he left so suddenly surprised us.  How ：How we can protect animals matters a lot. 五、主语从句·注意点（重中之重） 1. 句首主语从句，绝对不能用if，只用whether ❌ If he comes is not certain. ✅ Whether he comes is not certain. 2. that 和 what 绝对不能连用 ❌ That what he said is right. ✅ What he said is right. 3. 单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语一般用单数 That he likes music attracts us. 4. what 引导主语从句，谓语单复数看表语 What we need is money. What we need are books. 5. 虚拟语气 It is necessary / important / strange that + (should) + 动词原形 It is necessary that he (should) go at once. 6.所有主语从句一律陈述语序，不疑问倒装：引导词+主语+谓语 ❌ When will he come is unknown. ✅ When he will come is unknown. 练习： 第一组 基础运用（名校联考改编） 1. ______ matters most when facing trouble is to stay calm. 2. It never crossed my mind ______ he would cheat in the exam. 3. ______ will be chosen as the new monitor is being heatedly discussed. 4. It is not clear ______ the ancient building was originally constructed. 5. ______ you regard as right deserves your persistence. 6. It strikes most visitors ______ the small town is full of warmth. 7. ______ caused the power cut last night has not been found out. 8. It is up to you ______ we set off for the seaside. 9. ______ of the two plans is more practical hasn’t been compared fully. 10. It makes sense ______ we prepare enough supplies in advance. 11. ______ volunteers are needed in the disaster area is being counted. 12. It is beyond doubt ______ hard work leads to progress. 13. ______ he referred to in his speech impressed every listener deeply. 14. It remains to be seen ______ the new policy works well. 15. ______ shares the same interest can join our reading club. 16. ______ direction the ship sailed was recorded by the device. 17. It is common knowledge ______ water is essential for all lives. 18. ______ he will cooperate with us largely depends on your attitude. 19. ______ we can produce is limited by raw materials. 20. It surprised everyone ______ the shy girl won first prize in the contest. 21. ______ country will host the next sports meet has been voted already. 22. It doesn’t make any sense ______ you complain without action. 23. ______ helped rebuild the old community won public praise. 24. ______ we can cut down costs will increase our profit space. 25. It is still unknown ______ the treasure was buried centuries ago. 第一组 基础运用 答案及解析 1. What解析：从句缺少主语，指代事情，what matters 重要的是。考点：what高频搭配。 2.  that解析：It never crossed one’s mind that 某人从未想到，固定句型。考点：长难形式主语。 3.  Who解析：从句缺主语，讨论新任班长人选。考点：who。 4.  When/Where解析：从句完整，缺少时间或地点状语，古建筑建造时间/地点不明。考点：连接副词。 5.  Whatever解析：泛指你所认为正确的一切事物，作regard宾语。考点：whatever。 6.  that解析：It strikes sb that 某人突然感到……固定句型。考点：strike形式主语。 7.  What解析：从句缺少主语，指代造成停电的事物。考点：what。 8.  when解析：It is up to you when 出发时间由你决定，it形式主语。考点：when。 9.  Which解析：二者中二选一，有明确范围用which。考点：两者之间which。 10.  that解析：It makes sense that ……是有道理的。考点：固定句型。 11.  How many解析：主语从句，表志愿者数量，句意完整。考点：wh-数量类引导词。 12.  that解析：It is beyond doubt that 毫无疑问。考点：固定句式。 13.  What解析：缺少referred to的宾语，指代演讲中提到的内容。考点：what。 14.  whether解析：It remains to be seen whether 有待观察是否。考点：whether经典句型。 15.  Whoever解析：泛指兴趣相同的任何人。考点：whoever。 16. Which解析：航行的方向，限定选择范围。考点：which。 17.  that解析：It is common knowledge that 常识是……。考点：固定句型。 18.  Whether解析：句首主语从句，表“是否合作”。考点：句首whether。 19.  What解析：produce缺少宾语，指代生产的产品。考点：what。 20.  that解析：it作形式主语，从句陈述整件事，成分完整。考点：that。 21.  Which解析：参选国家中选择，修饰名词country。考点：which。 22.  that解析：it作形式主语，从句完整。考点：that。 23.  Whoever/Who解析：指参与社区重建的人。考点：指人引导词。 24.  How解析：缺少方式状语，降低成本的方式。考点：how。 25.  When/Where解析：财宝埋藏的时间或地点未知。考点：连接副词。 第二组 综合强化 1. ______ many people ignore is that small habits shape one’s future. 2. It is not decided yet ______ side will win the final debate. 3. ______ is willing to devote time to public service deserves respect. 4. It dawned on the whole class ______ the teacher’s words were meaningful. 5. ______ you mean by saying that no one can fully understand. 6. It is uncertain ______ the old bridge can stand another heavy storm. 7. ______ wins the award will have an opportunity to study abroad. 8. It is no surprise ______ he ranks top; he devotes nearly all spare time to study. 9. ______ reason he gave for being late sounded totally unbelievable. 10. It makes little difference ______ we start the journey today or tomorrow. 11. ______ lies in the deep ocean has attracted scientists for decades. 12. It has been argued ______ art should serve ordinary people. 13. ______ meets the requirements can apply for the scholarship. 14. ______ we view failure decides whether we can make breakthroughs. 15. It shocked the public ______ such a serious accident could happen. 16. ______ part of the novel appeals to you can be chosen for acting. 17. It is a question ______ the two companies will reach cooperation. 18. ______ pushed him to make such a brave decision still puzzles us. 19. ______ is worth doing is worth doing well. 20. It is recorded ______ the festival dates back to hundreds of years ago. 21. ______ choice you make now will influence your future life. 22. It remains controversial ______ animals have feelings like humans. 23. ______ arranged the surprise party left no personal information. 24. ______ we master knowledge lies in repeated review instead of cramming. 25. It turned out ______ what he said was totally true. 第二组 综合强化 答案+解析 1.  What解析：从句缺少ignore的宾语，易错误选that，核心区分考点。考点：what/that辨析。 2.  which解析：双方二选一，有范围选择。考点：which。 3.  Whoever解析：泛指愿意投身公益的任何人，不可用who。考点：whoever难点。 4.  that解析：It dawned on sb that 某人恍然大悟，冷门高分句型。考点：形式主语。 5. What解析：mean缺少宾语，指代话语含义。考点：what。 6.  whether解析：uncertain不确定，从句表“是否”能抵御暴风雨。考点：whether。 7.  Whoever解析：泛指获奖之人，从句作主语。考点：whoever。 8.  that解析：It is no surprise that 不足为奇。考点：固定句型。 9.  What解析：gave缺少宾语，指代给出的理由。考点：what。 10.  whether解析：搭配or，表今日或明日出发都差别不大。考点：whether。 11.  What解析：从句缺少主语，指代深海中的事物。考点：what。 12.  whether/that解析：argued争论，可用whether表是否；理解为已争论的内容可用that。考点：语境辨析。 13.  Whoever解析：泛指符合条件的申请者。考点：whoever。 14.  How解析：缺少方式状语，看待失败的方式。考点：how。 15.  that解析：it形式主语，从句完整，整件事震惊大众。考点：that。 16.  Whichever解析：小说多个片段任选其一，修饰part。考点：whichever。 17.  whether解析：a question对应是否达成合作。考点：whether。 18.  What解析：从句缺少主语，指代推动他做决定的事物。考点：what。 19.  What解析：谚语，what作主语，值得做的事就做好。考点：谚语主语从句。 20.  that解析：It is recorded that 据记载。考点：固定句式。 21.  Whatever/Whichever解析：泛指任何选择，有备选项可用whichever。考点：-ever代词。 22.  whether解析：controversial有争议，从句表是否动物拥有情感。考点：whether。 23.  Who/Whoever解析：从句缺主语，组织惊喜派对的人。考点：指人引导词。 24.  How解析：缺少方式状语，掌握知识的方法。考点：how。 25.  that解析：外层it作形式主语，内层嵌套what主语从句，长难句嵌套考点。考点：从句嵌套。 模块二：宾语从句 一、定义 宾语从句：在主句中作宾语的从句，跟在及物动词、介词、某些形容词后面。 结构：主句 + 引导词 + 陈述语序的从句 二、可以接宾语从句的三类结构 1. 及物动词后（最常见）think, believe, suppose, hope, say, tell, ask, find, feel, know, understand等。 Do you know whom they are waiting for？ 2. 介词后面的宾语从句in, on, about, of, except等介词后宾语从句，引导词that一般不能省略。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money or not Our hometown is much different from what it was ten years ago.. 3. 某些形容词后的宾语从句 主语+be+形容词（sure, glad, afraid, sorry, surprised, certain，confident，determined，pleased，proud，satisfied ，worried等）+that 宾语从句 I am sure that he will succeed. We are afraid that we will be late. 三、三大核心要素（引导词、 时态、语序） 要素一）：引导词（三类：that/if，whether / 特殊疑问词） 1. that引导的宾语从句（由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句） 特点：that无词义、不作句子成分，口语和非正式文体常省略； He thinks (that) he is right. 注意： A. that 引导宾语从句的不能省略that的情况 1. ）介词后面的宾语从句，that不可省The reason lies in that he didn’t work hard. 2. ）两个that宾语从句并列，第一个that可省，第二个that必须保留 He said he was busy and that he couldn’t attend the meeting. 3.）当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 Doctors say that drinking too much coffee is harmful. 4.）当宾语从句的主语是this ，that或this ，that 做主语的定语时， He said that that was not his book ,but his sisters. 5. ).it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语从句后置的情况 ，在这种结构中that不可省略。 正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。 （1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, assume, make, prove, reckon, think, understand等动词接复合宾语（宾语+宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。 We have made it clear that we will learn to learn with difficult problems. 结构:主语 + 谓语+ it + 宾语补足语adj./n. + that从句 （it是形式宾语，that从句是真正宾语，不能直接把从句放在宾补前面。） I have made it a rule that we should finish the work on time. Parents believe it necessary that children should be educated . She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. Parents believe it necessary that children should be well educated. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time. She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. B.有些动词不能直接接宾语从句，后面要加it （1）在appreciate，like, enjoy, love, hate, take等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I like it that everyone passed the exam. take it for granted that… 想当然认为…… Some students just take it for granted that they will pass the exam. （2）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 We are thinking of it that we’ll lend you some money. I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. She’ll see to it that your problem gets settled. （3）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。 Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock. We took it for granted that he would come. 2.if / whether “是否”， （由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句） whether 有词义、不作句子成分，不能省略； 注意：只能用whether，不能用if的情况（口诀：介词后面、不定式to前，or not连用、置于句首、discuss后面） 1. ）介词之后：It depends on whether we go.（不可if） 2. ）与不定式to do连用：He hasn’t decided whether to accept the offer. 3.） 和or not直接连用：I don’t know whether or not he will come. 4. ）宾语从句置于句首：Whether he agrees, I don’t care. 5. ）动词discuss之后：We discussed whether we should put off the meeting. 3. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，（由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句） 特点：引导词本身在从句充当成分，不能省略 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，本身有词义。 连接副词：when, where, why, how，在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语。 I don’t know what he wants. Could you tell me how I can get to the library? 要素二）：时态呼应（主句时态决定从句时态） 1. 主现从不限：主句为一般现在时（can/know/think/say等）从句时态根据实际意思自由选择（现在、过去、将来均可） He says that he will go to Beijing tomorrow. I think he is reading now. 2. 主过从必过：主句为一般过去时（said/thought/asked/told等）从句必须用相应的过去时态： 一般现在→一般过去 现在进行→过去进行 一般将来→过去将来 现在完成→过去完成 He said he was busy.（is→was） She told me she would leave.（will→would） They thought they had finished the work.（have done→had done） 3. 真理永现在：从句是客观真理、科学事实、自然规律、永恒数据，不管主句什么时态，从句永远用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 注意： 从句有明确具体的过去时间状语（yesterday/last week/in 2020），即使主句过去，从句依然用一般过去时，不用过去完成时。 He said he met her yesterday. 要素三）：语序——陈述语序（ 主语在前，谓语在后） 结构：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他 1. Where does he live? I don’t know where he lives. 2. What will you do? She asks me what I will do. 注意： 当疑问词本身就是从句主语时，语序不变： Who is singing? → I know who is singing. What makes you happy? → Tell me what makes you happy. What's the matter with him？Do you know what's the matter ？ 四、否定转移现象 主句主语是第一人称(I/we)的一般现在时，谓语为think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/guess，从句的否定词，要转移到主句谓语上，从句用肯定形式。 I don’t believe he treated the children like that. I don’t think he can do it better than me . 注意： 1.反义疑问句规则：否定转移句子，反问要看从句： I don’t think he is right, is he? 2.上面的谓语动词前有副词或表示强调的 do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。 I really expect she didn’t say that to him. 我确实希望她不和他说那件事。 I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man. 我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。 五、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 当动词表示“建议、要求、命令”时，宾语从句强制虚拟结构：(should)+动词原形，should可省略。 常用动词： 一坚持insist ，二命令 order，command ，三 建议 advise，suggest，propose 四要求 demand ，require，request，desire， He suggested that we (should) start early. He ordered that we should go out at once. 注意：1.insist： 坚持要求、执意要做→虚拟(should)do He insisted that he (should) go there at once. 坚称，坚持说（事实）→陈述事实，不用虚拟He insisted that he was innocent. 2.suggest： 建议→虚拟Our teacher suggested that we should read English every day. 表明、暗示→陈述语气，不用虚拟。His expression suggested that he was angry. 练习： 1. It all depends on ________ we can get further financial support. 2. I have no doubt ________ our efforts will finally pay off. 3. He found ________ impossible that he could master all grammar rules in a week. 4. I doubt very much ________ he is telling the whole truth. 5. The teacher asked us ________ we had finished the experiment report. 6. Born in a poor area, she knows ________ education means to common people. 7. There is some doubt ________ he can pass the difficult college entrance examination. 8. She asked me ________ I came to this key senior high school. 9. I am not sure ________ one is better among the three methods. 10. He insisted that he ________ (tell) the truth and that he ________ (set) free at once. 11. We haven’t discussed yet ________ we will place our new laboratory equipment. 12. The doctor suggested that he ________ (give) up smoking and drinking. 13. I wonder ________ or not he has received my application letter. 14. He told me the sun ________ (rise) in the east every morning. 15. You may choose ________ interests you most from these courses. 16. I don’t think ________ right that students spend all time on written exercises. 17. Do you know ________ room the visiting expert lives in? 18. I couldn’t tell ________ excited I was when I won the first prize. 19. He didn’t tell me ________ major he intended to choose in university. 20. Everything you learn will become ________ belongs to you forever. 答案+解析 1. whether解析：介词on之后，表是否，只用whether。 2. that解析：固定搭配have no doubt that…毫无疑问。 3. it解析：find it + adj. + that从句，it作形式宾语。 4. whether/if解析：主句为肯定形式doubt，意为“怀疑是否”，用whether/if。 5. whether/if解析：ask后宾语从句，表示是否完成报告。 6. what解析：know后从句缺少宾语，指事物，教育对人们意味着什么。 7. whether解析：固定句型there is some doubt whether…对于是否……存有疑问。 8. how/when解析：询问入学方式或者入学时间。 9. which解析：三者范围之内，询问哪一个，用which。 10. had told; (should) be set解析：insist第一层“坚持陈述事实”，不用虚拟，主过从过完；第二层“坚决要求”，用虚拟被动。 11. where解析：讨论设备放置的地点，用where引导宾语从句。 12. (should) give解析：suggest建议，宾语从句虚拟语气should do，should可省略。 13. whether解析：whether…or not固定搭配，只能用whether。 14. rises解析：客观自然规律，不受主句过去时态影响，用一般现在时。 15. whatever解析：whatever=anything that，在从句中作主语，意为任何让你感兴趣的课程。 16. it解析：think it + adj. + that从句，it形式宾语。 17. which/whose解析：询问哪一间房间，范围明确，用which。 18. how解析：how修饰形容词excited，作程度状语。 19. which解析：大学众多专业之中挑选哪一个，限定范围用which。 20. what解析：become后宾语从句，缺少主语，指事物。 模块三：表语从句 一、定义 1. 表语：说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 2. 表语从句：属于名词性从句，放在主句系动词之后，对主语的内容进行解释、说明、判断，充当整个句子的表语。 二、可接表语从句的连系动词分类 ① be动词：be (being, been; am, is, are, was, were) ②感官类：feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell ③状态保持类：stand, lie, remain, keep, stay ④变化类：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall ⑤证明类：prove, turn out The problem is puzzling. 这问题令人困惑。（主语+连系动词+形容词作表语） The problem is when we can get a pay rise.主语+连系动词+表语从句） 三、引导表语从句的连接词 1. 从属连词：that、whether、as if/as though 2. 连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 四、各连接词连接的表语从句 1. 由从属连词that、whether引导的表语从句 1）that：无词义，不可以省略；只起连接作用。 2）whether：有词义，意为“是否”。 The trouble is (that) she has lost her money. The question is whether we need more ice cream. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题仍是他们能否帮助我们。 2.由连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 功能：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。 The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work. That’s what he is worrying about. That’s what we should do. 3.由连接副词引导的表语从句 Go and get your coat. It‘s where you left it. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. That is what he is worried about. 4.由连词because，as if/as though，as等引导的表语从句。 It looked as if it was going to snow. That’s because we never thought of it. It seems as if he didn’t know the answer. Things are not as they seem to be. 注意：as if /as though引导的表语从句，如果是事实就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he were her own father. = It seems that she will go shopping this afternoon. ①与现在不符，谓语用一般过去时：He talks as if he knew everything. ②与过去不符，had done结构：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. ③与将来不符，would/could+动词原形：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 五、表语从句常用句型 A. It /This/That is +特殊疑问词+句子中（陈述句） ① “That is why…” “这就是……的原因/因此……”，（其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，why表结果） I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. ②That is because…”意为“这就是为什么……/因为……” 句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，指原因或理由。 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因） He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.（第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）  ③ That is how…. ④ This is what …. ⑤This is where …lies ⑥It is when…. ⑦it is where…. 表语从句常用特殊疑问词引导，但并不表示疑问。而表示事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、所在、怀疑、多少等等。 My question / problem is whether/when/where/why/how/what/how many…. B It seems/appears that…似乎……；好像……it作形式主语，后面that从句作真正主语(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气) It seems that… 似乎……It seems that everything goes well. It appears that… 好像…… It is certain that… 肯定…… C.主句主语通常为抽象名词：question, trouble, problem, result, chance, suggestion, idea, reason等；表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语内容具体化。 基本结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 ①主语常常是表示建议、要求、命令、请求的名词。表语从句由that引导，并且从句中要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)。 结构：主语 + be + that + (should) + 动词原形（虚拟语气） My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. The suggestion/advice/proposal/demand/request/order… is that… ②主语常为原因，问题，结果，麻烦，疑惑 The reason is that …… The reason why…is that… The reason why you got panic is that you haven’t been well prepared for what’s going to happen. 你之所以恐慌是因为你没有要为发生的事情做好准备。  My doubt is whether …(or not).（表语从句中只能用whether不能用if） ③主语常常是表示时间、地点，表语从句由when（主语是时间）、where（主语是地点）引导。 The time/moment is when…. The place is where…. ④主语常常是表示可能性的词，表语从句由that引导。 Chances are that…. 很可能…… The possibility is that …. D.主语常常是what引导主语从句，表语从句常用that引导。 What kids should keep in mind is that…. What’s the most important is that…. 六、表语从句九大注意事项 1. 语序必须陈述语序 The question is how can we get there. 2. that不可省略 表语从句that无论何时一律保留，不能删掉。 3. 表语从句表达“是否”，只用whether，禁止使用if。 (as if例外)。 4. The reason作主语时，后面表语从句只能用that，不能用because。属于语义重复。 5. suggestion、advice、order、request、demand作主语时，表语从句强制虚拟：(should)+动词原形，should可省略。引导词that不变。 6. what引导从句时，what本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；that不充当任何成分，二者不能混用。 That is what he said.what：……的东西/事情（高考语法填空必考） This is what my teacher taught me. 7. 主句是过去时态，从句也要使用相应的过去时态；主句现在时态，从句时态根据句意自由使用。 8.  主句主语是idea, hope, wish, plan, truth等名词时，后面表语从句一律用that引导。 练习： 1. The reason why nature is important is ________ it provides us with everything. 2. Our teacher’s advice is that we ________(read) English aloud every morning. 3. The problem is ________ we can improve our writing skills quickly. 4. This is ________ has helped me get out of trouble many times. 5. The village is ________ the river runs into the lake. 6. It seems ________ he has prepared everything well. 7. The question is ________ will take part in the competition. 8. That was ________ I understood the true meaning of love. 9. The reality is ________ time never waits for anyone. 10. There is some doubt ________ he is fit for the job. 11. This is ________ our ideas are completely different. 12. The order is that all the work ________(finish) before dark. 13. That is ________ we are short of at present. 14. The city is ________ great changes have taken place. 15. It looks ________ it hasn’t rained for a long time. 16. The truth is ________ everyone needs care and understanding. 17. The question is ________ of the plans is more practical. 18. What he said isn’t ________ I want to express. 19. Life is ________ full of unexpected chances. 20. That is ________ we should never give up easily. 答案+解析 1. that解析：The reason is that固定结构，原因是……。 2. (should) read解析：advice后的表语从句用虚拟语气should do，should可省略。 3. how解析：问题是我们如何快速提升写作能力，方式状语用how。 4. what解析：从句缺少主语，指事物，这就是多次帮我摆脱困境的东西。 5. where解析：where作地点状语，村子位于河流汇入湖泊之处。 6. that解析：It seems that…固定句型，似乎一切他都准备好了。 7. who解析：从句缺主语指人，问题是谁参加比赛。 8. when解析：就在那一刻我懂得了爱的真正含义，when时间状语。 9. that解析：陈述句表语从句，成分完整用that。 10. whether解析：There is some doubt whether…固定搭配，怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。 11. where解析：This is where…这就是我们想法完全不同的地方。 12. (should) be finished解析：order命令后的表语从句虚拟语气，工作被完成，被动形式。 13. what解析：介词of后宾语成分缺失，那就是我们目前所缺少的东西。 14. where解析：where引导表语从句，这座城市发生了巨大变化。 15. as if/as though解析：看起来好像很久没有下雨了，固定连词。 16. that解析：陈述句，事实是每个人都需要关心与理解。 17. which解析：两者范围之内，哪一个计划更实用，which有选择范围。 18. what解析：从句缺少宾语，他所说的并不是我想表达的内容。 19. that解析：that引导陈述句表语从句，生活充满意想不到的机遇。 20. why解析：那就是我们绝不轻易放弃的原因 模块四：同位语从句 一、定义 同位语从句属于名词性从句，放在抽象名词之后，用来解释、说明前面名词的具体内容，该从句与前面名词是同位关系。常用抽象名词：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, promise, question, doubt, suggestion, advice, order, reason, message, chance等。 结构：抽象名词 + 引导词 + 完整陈述句语序的从句 💡区分：同位语从句是解释名词内容；定语从句是修饰限定名词。 二、引导同位语从句的连接词 1. that：从句成分完整、意思完整，that无词义，不作任何句子成分，不可省略。 The news that he passed the exam is true.他通过考试的消息是真的。 The fact that he has lied to us surprised everyone. 2. whether（是否）： ⚠️同位语从句表达“是否”，只用whether，绝对不能用if。 There is some doubt whether he can finish the task.他能否完成任务还存在疑问。 3. 连接代词（what/who/whose/which/whoever等）从句缺少主语、宾语、表语时使用，在从句内部充当成分。 I have no idea who will take charge of the class. 4. 连接副词（when/where/why/how） 从句主谓宾完整，缺少时间、地点、原因、方式状语。 The question when we will start has not been decided. He raised the question where we could get the money. 三、同位语从句的虚拟语气 当名词为suggestion, advice, order, demand, request, proposal（建议、命令、要求）时，同位语从句必须用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形，should可省略。 My suggestion that we (should) put off the meeting is accepted.我提出的推迟会议的建议被采纳了。 四、同位语从句高频固定句型 1. The news that… ……的消息…… The news that our team won spread quickly. 2. There is some doubt whether… 是否……尚存疑问 固定搭配： 肯定句doubt后用whether；✅There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不确定。 否定句There is no doubt that…毫无疑问，用that。✅There is no doubt that he is honest.毫无疑问他很诚实。 3. have no idea + 同位语从句：不知道…… I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他何时回来。 4. The reason that… ……的理由是…… The reason that he was late is unknown.他迟到的原因无人知晓。 5. The question whether… ……是否……的问题 The question whether we need more time remains unanswered. 五、同位语从句八大注意事项 1. 一律陈述句语序，不可倒装 The question is when can we leave. The question when we can leave remains unknown.✅ 2.  that引导同位语从句，不能省略，这是和定语从句最大区别。 that引导同位语从句不充当成分；that引导定语从句时，that充当主语或宾语，可作区分。  ①The news that he told me is true.（定语从句，that作told的宾语，可省略） ②The news that he died is true.（同位语从句，that不作成分，不可省略） 3. 表达“是否”只能用whether，if不能引导同位语从句。 4.  suggestion/advice/order/proposal等名词后的同位语从句强制虚拟语气(should)do，主句名词单复数不影响规则。 5. 分隔式同位语从句：谓语动词较短时，会把谓语提前，从句和名词隔开。 The news came that he had won the game.消息传来，他赢得了比赛。 6. 主句为过去时态，从句也要使用相应过去时态；主句现在时态，从句时态随句意。 练习： 1. I have no doubt ________ he will break the school running record. 2. There is still doubt ________ he is fit for the difficult task. 3. The suggestion ________ we value every minute won high praise. 4. I have no idea ________ it was that saved the trapped child.（强调句嵌套同位语从句） 5. The evidence ________ he stole the money has been found. 6. The question ________ we should elect as monitor is widely discussed. 7. Word spread quickly ________ a new teaching building would be built. 8. He had no idea ________ serious the situation was then. 9. The order that all work must be finished before dark was given. 10. The problem ________ we can get advanced equipment troubles us greatly. 11. There is some doubt ________ the project can be finished on schedule. 12. The fact ________ he gave up the chance shocked everyone. 13. I have no idea ________ materials we should choose for our research. 14. The belief ________ education can change one’s life influences millions of people. 15. The possibility ________ natural disasters will happen cannot be ignored. 16. The question ________ we deal with industrial waste needs careful consideration. 17. It was a pity ________ he missed the chance to enter the key university. 18. His hope ________ he could be admitted to Tsinghua University came true at last. 19. No one can answer the question ________ invented this useful machine. 20. The thought ________ we would meet difficulties never stopped us. 答案+解析 1. that解析：固定结构 have no doubt that… 毫无疑问，从句句意完整、不缺成分，用that引导同位语从句。 2. whether解析：肯定句出现doubt，表“存有疑问，是否……”，同位语从句只能用whether，不能用if。 3. that解析：抽象名词suggestion（建议）后接同位语从句，解释建议内容；从句结构完整，引导词用that，从句可用(should) value虚拟语气。 4. who解析：I have no idea后接同位语从句，从句内嵌强调句型it was…that；从句缺少指人的主语，用who。 5. that解析：evidence（证据）后的同位语从句，完整陈述证据内容，不缺主宾状，填that。 6. who解析：question后的同位语从句缺少主语，elect的宾语是人（班长人选），指代人作主语用who。 7. that解析：分隔式同位语从句，Word spread that… 消息传开……，固定句式，只能用that。 8. how解析：how修饰形容词serious，在从句中作程度状语，表示“形势有多严峻”。 9. that解析：order（命令）后同位语从句，解释命令具体内容，引导词固定为that。 10. whether解析：problem表疑问，句意“我们能否获取先进设备”，表“是否”用whether。 11. whether解析：There is some doubt whether… 固定搭配，对某事能否实现存在疑问。 12. that解析：fact后的同位语从句，完整阐述事实内容，that不作句子成分、不可省略。 13. which解析：后面有范围materials（多种材料），表“哪一些”作定语修饰materials，用which。 14. that解析：belief（信念）后陈述句同位语从句，句意完整，填that。 15. that解析：possibility（可能性）后接完整陈述句解释可能性内容，用that。 16. how解析：固定搭配deal with（处理），搭配连接副词how表“如何处理”。 17. that解析：it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句，属于名词性从句综合考点，从句完整无缺失。 18. that解析：hope后的同位语从句，阐述希望的具体内容，填that。 19. who解析：question后的从句缺少指人的主语，“谁发明机器”，用who。 20. that解析：thought（想法）后同位语从句，完整说明想法内容，用that。 模块五：考点排序及重难点辨析 一、 高频考点排序（高考优先级） 1.  that / what 成分与语义区别（每年必考） 2. whether / if 用法边界（填空、改错高频坑点） 3. that的省略与保留规则（四类从句差异化规则） 4. it形式主语/形式宾语固定句型（写作提分核心） 5. 同位语从句 vs 定语从句终极区分（高频辨析难点） 6. 从句虚拟语气、主谓一致、陈述语序 二、重难点辨析 1：that vs what 核心本质对比：口诀：从句完整不用what，缺主缺宾必用what that 不作任何成分， 无实义，，仅连接从句主谓宾完整，陈述事实 what 必作主/宾/表 ，表示……的事物/话/内容，= the thing(s) that， 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语 That he worked hard won praise.（从句he worked hard完整→that） What he did won praise.（did缺少宾语，what指代“他做的事”→what） 2：whether vs if 1. ）只能用whether，绝对不能用if的6种场景（句首、介后、or not、to前，只用whether） *句首主语从句 ✅ Whether we go hiking is unknown.❌ If we go hiking is unknown. *介词后宾语从句 ✅ I care about whether you agree.❌ I care about if you agree. *搭配or / or not ✅ I don’t know whether he will come or not. *不定式to前 ✅ I haven’t decided whether to leave. *表语从句、同位语从句 ✅ The problem is whether we have time.✅ There is doubt whether he can win. *置于句首单独省略从句Whether or not, I will support you. 2.）whether/if可互换场景 普通及物动词后宾语从句（无or not）I wonder if/whether he will attend. it作形式主语后置从句It is unclear if/whether he will come. 3：同位语从句 VS 定语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 核心功能 解释抽象名词具体内容，名词=从句 修饰、限定前面名词，缩小范围 That 作用 不作成分，无词义，不可省略 作主/宾语，作宾语时可省略 前置名词 仅抽象名词 fact/news/idea/doubt/hope/promise 所有名词（人/物/抽象） 验证方法 名词 + be + 从句，句子通顺 名词不能直接等于从句内容 The news that we won the match spread fast.（同位语）拆分：The news is that we won the match. 通顺；that无成分 The news that he told me spread fast.（定语从句）拆分：The news is that he told me. 不通；that作told宾语 4.doubt专属规则 *肯定句（有疑问）+ whether There is some doubt whether he is reliable. *否定/疑问句（无疑问）+ that There is no doubt that he will succeed. 5.The reason why…that / That is why / That is because 1. ）The reason why + 定语从句 + is that………的原因是……（主句主语reason，表语用that陈述事实） The reason why he failed is that he was lazy. 2. ）That is why + 结果 那就是……的原因（前面是原因，从句表结果） He missed the bus. That is why he was late. 3. ）That is because + 原因 那是因为……（前面是结果，从句表原因） He was late. That is because he missed the bus. 4） The reason is because he was lazy. ❌（当reason作主语时，避免重复，不能用because引导表语从句） 6. it形式主语 VS it形式宾语 1. ）It作形式主语（主语从句后置）四大句型 * It + be + adj + that（important/obvious/strange） *It + be + 名词 + that（a pity/a fact/no wonder） * It + be + 过去分词 + that（reported/believed/said） *It + 不及物动词 + that（seems/occurs/happens） 2. ）It作形式宾语（动词后，真正宾语从句后置） 主语 + find/think/make/feel/consider + it + 宾补 + that从句 ✅ I think it necessary that we keep exercising.❌ I think that necessary that we keep exercising. 3）特殊it固定搭配 --- see to it that… 务必保证…… --- take it for granted that… 认为……理所当然 --- hate/like/appreciate it that… 区分技巧 it在主句谓语前=形式主语；it在动词后、宾补前=形式宾语 7.that省略规则（四大从句差异化） 1. ）that绝对不可省略 *所有主语从句（句首/it后置）That he lied surprised us. 不可省that *表语从句、同位语从句The truth is that he gave up. *介词后的从句（不能直接用that，需加it） *并列多宾语从句，第二个及以后thatI know (that) he came and that he left early. 2. ）that可以省略 ：单个、普通及物动词后的宾语从句I believe (that) you are right. 8. 名词性从句虚拟语气 1. ）命令/建议/要求类（一律 (should) do，should可省） 动词：suggest/advise/insist/order/demand/require/request从句谓语：(should) + 动词原形 It is suggested that we (should) take a break. He insisted that he (should) go there at once. *suggest表“表明、暗示”→陈述语气 His pale face suggests that he is tired. *insist表“坚持认为（事实）”→陈述语气 He insisted that he didn’t steal the pen. 2. ）形容词类虚拟It is important/necessary/vital/strange that + (should) do 9. 语序：所有名词性从句必须陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语 ❌ I don’t know where is he.✅ I don’t know where he is. 10.主谓一致 1. ）单个从句作主语，主句谓语单数What we need is patience. 2. ）两个并列从句作主语，谓语复数 Where he lives and what he does are unknown. 3. ）what从句谓语单复数看表语 What I want is a book. / What we want are two books. 3. 连接副词when/where/how/why 从句主谓宾完整，缺状语时使用，无成分缺失不用Why he quit remains unknown.（缺原因状语） 4. ）wh-ever类（whoever/whatever/whichever） = anyone who / anything that，可引导主语、宾语从句，表“无论……” Whoever breaks the rule will be punished. 三、通用解题总逻辑：判位置→定类型→查成分→辨语序 1. 看从句在主句中的位置，判定四类名词性从句； 2. 分析从句内部：缺成分用疑问类引导词，不缺成分用that/whether； 3. 所有名词性从句一律用陈述语序（无疑问倒装）； 4. 结合固定句型、虚拟规则、主谓一致校验答案。 名词性从句综合练习一 1. Have you found the red mark (记号) on the map? This is ____ Huashan High School lies. 2. Finally I want to express my hope ____ all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man. 3. I often imagine ____ my life will be like in ten years. 4. The gold medal will be awarded to ____ wins the first place in the bicycle race. 5. Outside of the farm, students are engaging in some taste tests with ____ they get from the gardens. 6. ____ made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____ he wants. 8. It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 9. I submit ____ more proof is needed to support the case. 10. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before. 11. ____ is fond of his work will work with passion. 12. Every year, ____ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 13. When you get separated from your mother, please remain ____ you are. 14. The reason for his absence was ____ he was ill in hospital. 15. After a day’s exhausting climb we arrived at ____ we had been told was Garden in the air. 16. I think ____ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 17. It remains to be seen ____ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. 18. The important thing is to clarify ____ the change in the law will mean. 19. ____ we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality. 20. I enjoyed every happy moment despite the fact ____ the training life was really difficult. 21. I told him ____ was surprised at his attitude towards his study. 22. It seems ____ most houses have been destroyed by the storm. 23. ____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 24. Some people believe ____ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 25. It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time. 26. As John Lennon once said, life is ____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 27. ____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. 28. The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was ____ he was ill. 29. There is growing evidence ____ staying up late has a serious influence on people’s health. 30. We have several types of notebooks to choose from, but ____ one suits you depends on your taste. 31. Try and anticipate ____ the interviewers will ask in the job interview. 32. He hired himself out to ____ needed his services. 33. I realized that learning didn’t have to be a solo effort and ____ working with others could be more productive. 34. I knew nothing about the accident except ____ I read in the newspaper. 35. It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself. 36. There is no doubt ____ the way we use memory is changing. 37. There has been more evidence ____ plastic is finding its way into the human body. 38. There is good evidence ____ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 39. He often thinks of ____ he can do more for the four modernizations. 40. ____ my dear teacher couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer middle school students showed interest in her lessons. 41. He is angry. The reason is ____ he doesn’t like being laughed at in public. 42. The inquiry concluded ____ the accident had been caused by human error. 43. Tang poems are very nice. That is ____ more and more people are interested in them. 44. As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I was used to eating was ____ I now recognize as Guangdong food because most Chinese immigrants to the UK came from Guangdong. 45. The fact is ____ computers are of great help to the development of science and technology. 46. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ____ you read. 47. There can be little doubt ____ despite all the challenges, self-driving cars will form a big part of our future. 48. Doris, success lies in the fact ____ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. 49. A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. 50. Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact ____ he doesn’t have what it takes to be a professional. 答案+解析 1. where解析：表语从句，lies（坐落）缺地点状语，this is where…这就是……所在地。 2. that解析：同位语从句，hope后完整陈述句，that不作成分、不省略。 3. what解析：宾语从句，be like缺宾语，what sth be like……是什么样子。 4. whoever 解析：介词to后宾语从句，从句缺主语指人，whoever=anyone who 任何人。 5. what 解析：介词with后宾语从句，get缺宾语，what指代事物。 6. What 解析：主语从句，从句缺少主语（事），what指“这件事”。 7. what 解析：give后双宾语从句，wants缺宾语，exactly what he wants他想要的东西。 8. that解析：it作形式主语，真正主语从句完整陈述，固定It has been proved that… 9. that 解析：submit（认为）后宾语从句，句意完整用that。 10. what解析：tell后宾语从句，done缺宾语，what he had done他做的事。 11. Whoever解析：主语从句，缺主语指人，whoever=anyone who 无论谁。 12. whoever 解析：主语从句，makes缺主语指人，每年做出最美风筝的人。 13. where 解析：remain系动词后表语从句，缺地点状语，待在原地。 14. that 解析：The reason was that…固定表语从句结构，只用that，不用because。 15. what解析：介词at后宾语从句，从句was told后缺主语，what指代地点事物。 16. what 解析：主语从句____impresses me缺主语（事物），what引导；整句作宾语从句主语。 17. whether解析：it作形式主语，remain to be seen whether…尚待观察是否……。 18. what 解析：clarify后宾语从句，mean缺宾语，法律变更意味着什么。 19. What 解析：主语从句，see缺宾语，我们过去视作不可能的事。 20. that 解析：fact后同位语从句，解释fact内容，从句完整用that。 21. what 解析：him后宾语从句，was surprised前缺主语，我感到惊讶的事。 22. that 解析：It seems that…固定表语从句句型，似乎……。 23. What 解析：主语从句，said缺宾语，你会上所说的话。 24. whatever 解析：believe后宾语从句，从句缺主语，whatever=anything that任何事。 25. whether 解析：it形式主语，a question后同位语从句，表“是否”用whether。 26. what 解析：is后表语从句，happens缺主语，生活就是发生在你身上的事。 27. Where 解析：主语从句，born缺地点状语，李白出生的地方众人皆知。 28. that 解析：The reason why…was that固定表语从句，只用that。 29. that 解析：evidence后同位语从句，证据表明……，从句完整用that。 30. which 解析：主语从句，several types范围之内，whichever/which均可，which最佳；哪一本笔记本适合你。 31. what解析：anticipate后宾语从句，ask缺宾语，面试官会问什么。 32. whoever 解析：介词to后宾语从句，needed缺主语指人，任何需要他服务的人。 33. that 解析：并列宾语从句，第一个that可省，第二个that不能省略。 34. what 解析：except介词后宾语从句，read缺宾语，报纸上读到的内容。 35. what 解析：it形式主语，think about缺宾语，别人怎么看待你。 36. that 解析：There is no doubt that固定同位语从句，毫无疑问。 37. that 解析：evidence后同位语从句，塑料进入人体已有更多证据。 38. that 解析：evidence后同位语从句，完整陈述事实用that。 39. how 解析：think of后宾语从句，方式状语，如何为四化多做贡献。 40. What; that 解析：第一空主语从句缺主语（事）填What；第二空was后表语从句完整陈述用that。 41. that 解析：The reason is that表语从句固定搭配。 42. that解析：concluded后宾语从句，完整陈述结论用that。 43. why解析：表语从句，why表原因，这就是人们喜欢唐诗的原因。 44. what 解析：was后表语从句，recognize缺宾语，我如今称作粤菜的食物。 45. that 解析：fact后表语从句，陈述事实，从句完整用that。 46. what 解析：of介词后宾语从句，read缺宾语，你阅读的内容。 47. that 解析：little doubt后同位语从句，There can be little doubt that几乎毫无疑问。 48. that 解析：fact后同位语从句，解释事实内容。 49. what解析：in介词后宾语从句，从句缺主语，十年前那片荒地。 50. that 解析：fact后同位语从句，陈述事实，that不充当成分。 名词性从句综合练习二 1. On hearing ____ I had done to my mum, he, as well as my mum, beamed at me and gave me a big thumb. 2. What is just beyond my imagination is ____ fortune should bless me with a chance to realize my dream. 3. ____ is important is that we let others know we care about them. 4. The villagers have already known ____ we will do is rebuild the bridge. 5. While making a paper work, I could easily work out the problem ____ I should do at each step. 6. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine ____ pleasant smells might reduce pain. 7. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need to be improved. 8. I won’t believe ____ he says, for I don’t think he is a reliable person. 9. The idea ____ you can do this well without thinking is quite wrong. 10. The general manager approved of the plan ____ they should work out weekly, monthly and yearly budgets. 11. One day, my five year old son asked me ____ there was ham in a hamburger. 12. Everything about the country seemed completely different from ____ I’d experienced before. 13. There’s a feeling in me ____ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever. 14. I have no idea ____ the journalist could have got his information from. 15. There’s a possibility ____ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation. 16. But it seems ____ many people don’t cook fish at home. 17. The question was brought to life again ____ a person has the right to end his or her own life and a doctor has the right to assist. 18. We didn’t set out; it was ____ we wanted to wait until our mother came back. 19. Over the next several months, my professor taught me ____ one story was so much better than the other. 20. Our English teacher told us to find out ____ the differences between American English and British English lie. 21. After the hurricane was over, the villagers looked at ____ was left of their houses, feeling sad. 22. The reason why he didn’t go to school was ____ he caught a heavy cold. 23. There is some doubt ____ we should direct our attention to the fundamental question. 24. The reason why I lost my temper was ____ I couldn’t tolerate his laziness. 25. We made a survey among the new customers to find out ____ they think of our product. 26. Why we decided to put off the meeting was ____ the weather was too bad. 27. There is growing evidence ____ staying up late has a serious effect on people’s health. 28. When dining alone, we can consume whatever we would like, with the added bonus ____ we might be able to eat more healthily. 29. Researchers began using functional (3D) imaging technology to find out ____ the brain works. 30. He discovered ____ having only a little money made him free. 31. ____ I want is to live simply and be helpful to others. 32. Some people propose a suggestion ____ smoking should be banned in all public places. 33. I got six books from the library. The question is ____ one I should read first! 34. What makes the book a bestseller is ____ the plot is complicated and pulls at the heartstrings of the reader. 35. What he wants to know is ____ we can work out tomorrow morning. 36. I will never forget ____ I once lived in China; I think it is the most beautiful place in the world. 37. ____ I can picture out in my mind was a beautiful scene after I heard his description. 38. Sometimes, we take it for granted ____ everything has to be perfect for us and we expect high quality products and service. 39. I have the belief ____ some of you heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one. 40. The major contribution of this great explorer is ____ he “discovered” the New World. 41. The possibility ____ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 42. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine ____ pleasant smells might reduce pain. 43. Bob made a promise to the manager ____ the work would all be finished on time. 44. The reason is ____ her teacher Mr Burns always tells her to do her best. 45. You should look through the business directory to see ____ your main competitors will be. 46. What excited me greatly was ____ my novel had been published. 47. We will never give in ____ they do or say about our plan. 48. It’s not clear ____ they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not. 49. The bad news was ____ our team had been defeated in the game. 50. First, Adam had to think very carefully about ____ courses he wanted to take. 答案+解析 1. what解析：hear后宾语从句，done缺少宾语，what指代“我对妈妈做的事”。 2. why解析：表语从句，句意：超乎我想象的是为何幸运会赐予我圆梦的机会，why表原因。 3. What解析：主语从句，从句缺少主语（事物），what引导；What is important is that…重要的是……。 4. what解析：known后宾语从句，we will do缺少宾语，what作do的宾语。 5. what解析：problem后定语从句（易混，非名词性从句），do缺宾语，what指代要做的事。 6. that解析：分隔式同位语从句，possibility的具体内容，从句完整，用that。 7. that解析：分隔同位语从句，解释new problem内容，that不作成分。 8. whatever解析：believe后宾语从句，whatever he says无论他说什么，泛指任何话语。 9. that解析：idea后同位语从句，陈述完整观点，that仅起连接作用。 10. that解析：plan后同位语从句，解释计划内容，从句结构完整填that。 11. whether/if解析：ask后宾语从句，询问“汉堡里是否有火腿”，表是否。 12. what解析：from介词后宾语从句，experienced缺宾语，what指代过往经历。 13. that解析：同位语从句，解释a feeling的具体内容，用that。 14. where解析：have no idea后同位语从句，from缺少地点状语，消息从何处得来。 15. that解析：possibility后同位语从句，陈述可能性内容。 16. that解析：固定句型It seems that…似乎……，that引导表语从句。 17. whether解析：分隔同位语从句修饰the question，表“人是否有权结束生命”，只用whether。 18. because解析：表语从句，解释没有出发的直接原因，It was because…那是因为……。 19. why解析：taught me后宾语从句，解释一个故事优于另一个的原因，why表原因。 20. where解析：find out后宾语从句，lie是不及物动词，缺地点状语，差异在哪。 21. what解析：at后宾语从句，was left缺少主语，what指代房屋残存之物。 22. that解析：The reason why…was that固定表语从句结构，只用that。 23. whether解析：There is some doubt whether…固定搭配，对这件事存有疑问。 24. that解析：The reason was that表语从句固定用法。 25. what解析：think of固定搭配，what they think of…他们如何评价……。 26. that解析：Why…was that固定表语从句句式。 27. that解析：evidence后同位语从句，证据表明熬夜伤害健康。 28. that解析：bonus后同位语从句，解释额外好处的内容。 29. how解析：find out后宾语从句，探究大脑如何运作，how作方式状语。 30. that解析：discovered后宾语从句，句子完整，that引导陈述句。 31. What解析：主语从句，want缺少宾语，what指代我想要的东西。 32. that解析：suggestion后同位语从句，阐述提议内容。 33. which解析：the question后表语从句，有六本书范围，which one哪一本。 34. that解析：is后表语从句，句意完整，that连接。 35. what解析：is后表语从句，work out缺少宾语，我们明天上午能解决的事。 36. where解析：forget后宾语从句，live缺地点状语，我曾经居住的地方。 37. What解析：主语从句，picture out缺少宾语，我脑海中勾勒出的景象。 38. that解析：take it for granted that固定句型，it作形式宾语，that引导真正宾语从句。 39. that解析：belief后同位语从句，陈述内心想法。 40. that解析：is后表语从句，完整陈述贡献内容，填that。 41. that解析：possibility后同位语从句，解释可能性。 42. that解析：分隔式同位语从句修饰possibility，同第6题。 43. that解析：promise后同位语从句，说明承诺内容。 44. that解析：The reason is that固定表语从句。 45. who解析：see后宾语从句，be缺少主语，指人，主要竞争对手是谁。 46. that解析：was后表语从句，句子完整，that引导。 47. whatever解析：give in后宾语从句，whatever they do or say无论他们做什么、说什么。 48. whether解析：it作形式主语，后文有or not，只能用whether。 49. that解析：was后表语从句，陈述坏消息完整内容。 50. what解析：about介词后宾语从句，courses前缺定语，想要修什么课程。 名词性从句综合练习三 1. It suddenly struck me ____ I could use the money I saved to help a poor student in the countryside. 2. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question ____ I can go with him to what he calls the Underground Treasure House next week. 3. We are living in ____ is called the information age, but we human beings always lack real communication. 4. ____ makes teachers happy is not power or money, but the achievements of their students. 5. Go and get your coat. It’s ____ you left it. 6. He gave me a guarantee ____ he would finish the task within three days. 7. There is the belief ____ if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. 8. One reason for her preference for city life is ____ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 9. She made a request ____ the doctor should be sent for at once. 10. There is no doubt ____ the sports meeting will be put off till next week. 11. I had neither a computer nor newspaper. That’s ____ I don’t know the latest news. 12. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ____ the party is to be held? 13. Could I speak to ____ is in charge of International Sales, please? 14. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon. 15. What he wants to know is ____ or not he has enough time to get ready for the new job. 16. ____ engages in killing and trading wild animals will be punished. 17. With its strong comprehensive national power, China is not ____ she used to be. 18. We all want to know ____ he used to make the sound effects in the movie. 19. We wonder ____ there is any possibility of the plan. 20. ____ really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes. 21. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ____ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 22. We still have some doubt ____ he will come tomorrow. 23. A successful man often said, “Find a dream and do ____ it takes to make it come true.” 24. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s ____ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 25. I feel quite ashamed ____ I have not fulfilled the task. 26. Apart from ____ is outlined above, the following is worth our attention. 27. It’s your fault ____ she hasn’t come to the party. 28. ____ is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks. 29. Pressure is ____ you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something. 30. Your support is important to our work, ____ you can do helps. 31. It never occurred to me ____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 32. It is likely ____ you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 33. I guarantee ____ you will love the film. 34. Anne’s sister Margot was very upset ____ the family had to move. 35. The beautiful view of the city is ____ attracts me most. 36. I can’t wait to describe to you ____ senior high school life is like. 37. I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 38. There is some doubt ____ he will continue to be successful in future. 39. If you concentrate on ____ you don’t have, you will never, ever have enough. 40. Make sure ____ you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. 41. When asked about ____ inspired her to show such kindness towards a stranger, she simply shrugged and said, “I just try to do something nice.” 42. From space, the earth looks blue. This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 43. The question ____ the gas is harmful to people’s health is not clear. 44. As is known to us, we live in ____ is called the information age. 答案+解析 1. that解析：固定句型 It suddenly struck me that… 我突然想到……，it作形式主语，从句完整陈述句用that。 2. whether解析：question后分隔式同位语从句，表“是否下周我能跟他去”，同位语从句只用whether，不用if。 3. what解析：介词in后宾语从句，从句缺少主语，what指代“所谓的信息时代”。 4. What解析：句首主语从句，从句缺主语（事物），what makes teachers happy 让老师开心的事。 5. where解析：表语从句，left it缺少地点状语，东西放在原处。 6. that解析：guarantee（保证）后同位语从句，完整陈述承诺内容，that不充当成分。 7. that解析：belief后同位语从句，解释信念内容，从句完整用that。 8. that解析：The reason for…is that 固定表语从句结构，主语为reason，表语从句只用that。 9. that解析：request（请求）后同位语从句，阐述请求内容，填that。 10. that解析：There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问，固定同位语句型。 11. why解析：That’s why… 那就是……的原因，表语从句表结果。 12. where解析：idea后同位语从句，询问派对举办地点，where作地点状语。 13. whoever解析：to后宾语从句，从句缺主语指人，whoever=anyone who 任何负责人。 14. that解析：word（留言）后分隔同位语从句，left word with sb that 给某人留话说……。 15. whether解析：is后表语从句，后文有or not，只能用whether，表“是否有充足时间”。 16. Whoever解析：句首主语从句，缺主语指人，无论谁捕杀交易野生动物都会受罚。 17. what解析：is后表语从句，used to be缺表语，中国不再是过去的模样。 18. how解析：know后宾语从句，询问制作电影音效的方式，how作方式状语。 19. whether解析：wonder后宾语从句，表“是否存在实施计划的可能性”。 20. What解析：主语从句，从句缺主语（事物），真正重要的是她穿了白鞋子。 21. that解析：The reason…was that 固定表语从句，解释狄更斯偏爱这本小说的原因。 22. whether解析：doubt为肯定含义，同位语从句用whether，表“怀疑他明天是否会来”。 23. whatever解析：do后宾语从句，whatever it takes 一切所需的东西，泛指事物。 24. where解析：That’s where I don’t agree 这就是我不认同的地方，where表分歧点。 25. that解析：形容词ashamed后宾语从句，从句完整陈述事实，用that。 26. what解析：介词apart from后宾语从句，is outlined缺主语，what指代上文罗列内容。 27. that解析：It’s one’s fault that… 某事是某人的错，it形式主语，that引导真正从句。 28. Whatever解析：句首主语从句，缺主语（事物），任何剩余食材都可冷藏。 29. what解析：is后表语从句，feel缺宾语，压力就是你担忧不安时的感受。 30. whatever解析：主语从句，do缺少宾语，无论你能做什么都有帮助。 31. that解析：It never occurred to me that… 我从没想到……，it形式主语，that引导从句。 32. that解析：It is likely that… 很可能……，固定主语从句句型。 33. that解析：guarantee后宾语从句，完整陈述承诺内容。 34. that解析：upset后形容词宾语从句，从句完整用that。 35. what解析：is后表语从句，attracts缺主语，这座城市最美的风景是吸引我的事物。 36. what解析：describe to you后宾语从句，be like缺宾语，what…life is like 生活是什么样子。 37. why解析：have no idea后同位语从句，询问手机故障原因，why表原因状语。 38. whether解析：There is some doubt whether… 固定搭配，怀疑他未来能否持续成功。 39. what解析：concentrate on后宾语从句，don’t have缺宾语，执着于你没有的东西。 40. that解析：make sure后宾语从句，完整陈述句用that。 41. what解析：about后宾语从句，inspired缺主语，是什么激发她善待陌生人。 42. why解析：This is why… 这就是地球看起来是蓝色的原因，表语从句。 43. whether解析：分隔式同位语从句修饰the question，表“这种气体是否有害健康”。 44. what解析：live in后宾语从句，is called缺主语，我们生活在所谓的信息时代。 名词性从句综合练习四 1. It is recognised ____ the environmental pollution has become more and more serious. 2. The problem is ____ we can get to replace her. 3. The attendees at the conference will vote to decide ____ another bridge will be built over the support river or not. 4. Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed ____ he would not live. 5. It has been proved ____ the practice can only do good. 6. We all expect ____ they will win, for members of their team are stronger. 7. I believe that you have done your best and ____ things will get better. 8. ____ you have done might do harm to other people. 9. It soon became apparent ____ the two women knew each other. 10. It is a problem ____ they will support us. 11. It is important ____ he should know about this. 12. The Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark ____ the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language. 13. It is painful ____ Tom will fail this exam. 14. The cultures of the East and the West are quite different from each other. This is ____ the culture systems are separate. 15. We are aware ____ everyone has faults, but we can’t judge people by their appearance. 16. She heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day, and ____ he felt more than just desire to please her. 17. Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is ____ the lovers are separated. 18. The question is ____ he has left the area. 19. Emotional moments can recall ____ you felt about something and can be strong and powerful. 20. In much of Chinese history, ____ was considered as money, were small coins with holes in the middle. 21. ____ I have achieved in the tough task is credited to the guidance of my teacher. 22. The best times were ____ they had slippers and could sit up talking about anything and everything everyone. 23. It is advised that one mustn’t go jogging very early in the morning; this is ____ the body temperature is lower. 24. Susan made it clear to me ____ she wished to make a new life for herself. 25. I always read newspapers backwards because the back pages are ____ the sport is. 26. He failed in the exam. That’s ____ he didn’t review. 27. There is no doubt ____ the environment is being polluted by human beings. 28. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it’s long been assumed ____ human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals. 29. Make sure ____ there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in. 30. If you see a doctor leaving a house, you may deduce ____ someone in the house is ill. 31. Her father tried to pretend ____ nothing unusual had happened. 32. ____ surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display in the British Museum. 33. ____ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. 34. Sorry I’m so late, but you cannot imagine ____ great trouble I took to find your house. 35. I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I’m not sure ____ I should begin. 36. There is no possibility ____ we can get there on time, because the snow held up our flight. 37. His offering me the prize was worth more than ____ I did for him. 38. ____ he is focusing on is the ancient Chinese literature and he is fascinated by Tang poetry. 39. Someone called for you yesterday, but I don’t know ____ he is. 40. Autumn is the best season of the year in Beijing, not only because of the pleasant weather, but also because of the fact ____ it is the season when universities welcome their freshmen. 41. ____ you are coming to Beijing is the best news I have heard for a long time. 42. Always give your best in ____ you set out to do, however difficult that might be. 43. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from ____ she used to be. 44. It is not clear ____ the man is a suspect or a detective. 45. We should learn from ____ is superior to us. 46. It suddenly occurred to him ____ he had left his keys in the office. 47. We promise ____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 48. —Does it matter much ____ the manager won’t attend the meeting here tomorrow? —I have no idea. 49. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. 50.Word came ____ a new teaching building would be built in our school the next year. 答案+解析 1. that 解析：It is recognised that… 固定句型，it作形式主语，从句句意完整，用that引导真正主语从句。 2. who解析：表语从句，缺少指人主语，句意：问题是我们能找谁替代她。 3. whether解析：宾语从句末尾有or not，只能用whether，不可用if。 4. that 解析：be assumed that… 固定搭配，that引导完整宾语从句。 5. that 解析：It has been proved that… 固定主语从句句型，从句不缺成分。 6. that 解析：expect后接陈述句宾语从句，that可省略。 7. that 解析：并列两个宾语从句，第一个that可省，第二个that必须保留。 8. What 解析：主语从句，done缺少宾语，what指代“你所做的事”，置于句首大写。 9. that 解析：It became apparent that… it形式主语，that引导从句。 10. whether 解析：it作形式主语，句意：他们是否会支持我们还是个问题，表是否用whether。 11. that 解析：It is important that… 主语从句固定句型，that无实义。 12. that 解析：remark后同位语从句，解释名言具体内容，从句完整填that。 13. that 解析：it形式主语，真正从句完整陈述事实，用that。 14. because 解析：This is because… 表语从句，解释东西方文化不同的根源。 15. that 解析：be aware that… 固定搭配，后接宾语从句。 16. that 解析：并列宾语从句，第二个that不可省略。 17. why 解析：that is why… 表语从句，解释音乐变得激昂的原因。 18. whether 解析：表语从句，疑问含义：问题是他是否已经离开这片区域。 19. how 解析：recall后宾语从句，how修饰felt，回忆你当时的感受。 20. what解析：主语从句，was considered缺少主语，what指代充当货币的物品。 21. What 解析：主语从句，achieve缺少宾语，我在艰难任务中取得的一切。 22. when 解析：表语从句，指代时光，最好的日子是他们拥有拖鞋、彻夜闲谈的时候。 23. because 解析：this is because… 表语从句，解释不宜清晨慢跑的原因。 24. that 解析：make it clear to sb that… it作形式宾语，that引导真正宾语从句。 25. where 解析：表语从句，where作地点状语，体育板块在报纸背面。 26. because 解析：That’s because… 那是因为他没有复习（解释考试失利原因）。 27. that解析：There is no doubt that… 固定同位语从句，毫无疑问。 28. that 解析：it作形式主语，assume后完整从句用that。 29. that 解析：make sure后陈述句宾语从句，that可省。 30. that 解析：deduce后接完整陈述句宾语从句。 31. that 解析：pretend后宾语从句，陈述完整事实。 32. What 解析：主语从句，缺少主语（事物），最让我们震惊的事。 33. What 解析：主语从句，be sure about缺少宾语，我们能确定的事。 34. what 解析：imagine后宾语从句，what修饰trouble，what great trouble多大的麻烦。 35. where 解析：宾语从句，begin是不及物动词，缺少地点状语，不知道从哪里下手修水管。 36. that 解析：There is no possibility that… 同位语从句，没有可能性……。 37. what 解析：than后宾语从句，did缺少宾语，我为他所做的事。 38. What 解析：主语从句，focus on缺少宾语，他专注研究的内容。 39. who 解析：know后宾语从句，询问来人身份，指人作表语。 40. that 解析：fact后同位语从句，解释事实内容，从句完整用that。 41. That 解析：主语从句句意完整，无疑问含义，句首大写That。 42. what 解析：介词in后宾语从句，set out to do缺少宾语，你决心去做的任何事。 43. what 解析：from介词后宾语从句，be缺少表语，过去的模样。 44. whether 解析：it形式主语，后文or not提示只能用whether。 45. whoever 解析：from后宾语从句，从句缺指人主语，whoever=anyone who 任何比我们优秀的人。 46. that 解析：It occurred to sb that… 固定句型，某人突然想到……。 47. whoever解析：promise sb sth结构，宾语从句缺主语指人，任何到场参加派对的人。 48. that 解析：it作形式主语，matter后完整主语从句用that。 49. what 解析：at介词后宾语从句，I thought为插入语，从句缺主语，what was a dangerous speed 危险的速度。 50.that解析：Word came that… 消息传来……，分隔同位语固定句式。 名词性从句综合练习五 1. It is not always easy for the public to see ____ a new invention can be of to human life. 2. We haven’t discussed yet ____ we are going to place our new furniture. 3. The general manager approved of the plan ____ they should work out weekly, monthly and yearly budgets. 4. We infer from his letter ____ he is unhappy, which makes us worried. 5. I began to suspect ____ they were trying to get rid of me. 6. It’s said ____ history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. 7. The difficulty lies in the fact ____ we are short of money. 8. —Have you finished the book? —No. I’ve read up to ____ the children discover the secret cave. 9. —Are you a native of this town? —I was born in New York, but this is ____ I grew up. 10. An accident happened on the main road. That was ____ traffic seemed to slow down suddenly. 11. The great thing about music is ____ it can bring people of different cultural backgrounds together. 12. The girls were surprised at the fact ____ ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. 13. The most interesting thing here is ____ we can go to the fitness square to play football in the evening. 14. The moment I will always remember is ____ I delivered my first English speech before a big audience. 15. ____ has impressed me most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. 16. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ____ he never finishes anything. 17. He didn’t finish his homework on time. That is ____ he was punished by the teacher. 18. ____ we can lock up his address is still a problem. 19. Apart from ____ is outlined above, the following is worth our attention. 20. Scientists have obtained more evidence ____ plastic is finding its way into the human body. 21. They are discussing the problem ____ they should stop investing money in that project. 22. Summer camps can provide you with as many different courses, and you are required to choose ____ suits you best. 23. The bad news was ____ our team had been defeated in the game. 24. There are certainly no signs ____ Jason is a rich and successful man! 25. It was obvious ____ he didn’t want to leave me. 26. We found ____ that the less sleep teens had, more aggressive over time. 27. Many students want to leave their teens life at university as ____ they can experience pure friends. 28. ____ is also different is that students in the same class can have different class schedules. 29. People would love to know ____ daily life is like in space and how it differs from life on the Earth. 30. ____ part of the country he will travel to alone this summer holiday needs further discussion. 31. We worked hard to persuade them ____ they were genuinely interested in the project. 32. You are saying that everyone should work out two hours a day, and this is ____ I disagree. 33. The most pleasant thing of being a librarian is ____ I can read as many books as I can. 34. It is well-known to the world ____ Mark Twain was a great American writer. 35. The question came up at the meeting ____ we had enough money to carry out the research. 答案+解析 1. what解析：see后宾语从句，介词of缺少宾语；what be of to… 对……有什么样的作用。 2. where解析：discuss后宾语从句，place furniture缺地点状语，放置家具的位置。 3. that解析：plan后同位语从句，解释计划内容，从句成分完整用that。 4. that解析：infer from…that 从……推断出，that引导陈述句宾语从句。 5. that解析：suspect后接完整陈述句宾语从句，填that。 6. that解析：固定句型 It’s said that… 据说……，it作形式主语。 7. that解析：fact后同位语从句，the fact that为高频固定搭配。 8. where解析：up to后宾语从句，表读到“孩子们发现秘密洞穴”的地方，where作地点状语。 9. where解析：表语从句，this is where… 这里是我长大的地方。 10. why解析：That was why… 那就是路上车流突然变慢的原因。 11. that解析：表语从句，句子结构完整，that只起连接作用。 12. that解析：fact后同位语从句，陈述事实内容。 13. that解析：表语从句，句意完整无疑问，用that。 14. when解析：表语从句，指代“第一次当众演讲”那个时刻，when作时间状语。 15. What解析：主语从句，从句缺主语（事物），最打动我的是你的艺术才华。 16. why解析：which is why… 这就是他做事半途而废的原因。 17. because解析：That is because… 那是他被老师惩罚的原因。 18. Whether解析：主语从句，后文无or not，但句意表“是否能锁定地址”，句首大写Whether。 19. what解析：apart from介词后宾语从句，is outlined缺少主语，what指代上文罗列内容。 20. that解析：evidence后同位语从句，证据表明塑料进入人体。 21. whether解析：problem后同位语从句，讨论是否停止项目投资。 22. whichever解析：choose后宾语从句，有范围courses，whichever suits you best 任何最适合你的课程。 23. that解析：was后表语从句，完整陈述坏消息内容。 24. that解析：signs后同位语从句，迹象表明Jason并非富裕成功人士。 25. that解析：It was obvious that… 很明显……，it形式主语。 26. that解析：find后宾语从句，从句完整用that。 27. where解析：as后宾语从句，大学是能交到纯粹朋友的地方，where作地点状语。 28. What解析：主语从句，从句缺少主语，另一点不同的是同班学生课表不同。 29. what解析：know后宾语从句，be like缺宾语，what daily life is like 日常生活是什么样子。 30. Which解析：主语从句，限定全国范围内，哪一片地区独自旅行，句首大写Which。 31. that解析：persuade后陈述句宾语从句，填that。 32. where解析：同第20题，this is where I disagree。 33. that解析：表语从句，句意完整，that引导。 34. that解析：It is well-known that… 众所周知……，固定主语从句句型。 35. whether解析：分隔式同位语从句修饰the question，表“我们是否有充足资金开展研究”。 2020-2026 高考真题 1.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2.(2021年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she lived. 3.（2021.6天津卷）.It seemed that I had become ____ my parents had wanted me to be. A. when B. where C. what D. whether 4.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 5.(2022年北京)It’ s easy to explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 6.（2022新高考Ⅱ卷）He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs Brown. “I don’t know ____ to thank him.” 7.（2022.6天津卷） Mental health involves ____ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A. how B. what C. why D. which 8.（23年新高课标Ⅱ卷）They also need to be ready to give _41 interviews 　___ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is _42 　___ they need an English trainer. 9.（2023.6天津卷）1. People who value their privacy are concerned about ____ Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 10.（2024年1月浙江）Of course, shops are not charities; they price goods in the way58 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's 59 they' ll promote. But that leaves the solo(单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 11.（2024年全国甲卷）On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 63. is now northwestern Wyoming. 12.（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is 13. _ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 13.（2025年天津卷） People who value their privacy are concerned about ____ Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 答案及解析 1.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷）What 解析 句子结构：What is so breathtaking about the experience 是主语从句，第二个is为主句谓语。 从句内部缺少主语，指代“这段经历中令人震撼的事物”，只能用连接代词What。  that引导名词性从句时不作句子成分，无实际含义，此处不能用。 翻译：游览黄山让我想起披头士那首经典歌曲《漫长曲折的路》。这段旅程中最震撼人心的，是那些宛若世外仙境的景色。 2.（2021年北京卷） where 解析 ：介词about后接宾语从句；从句谓语lived是不及物动词，句子主干完整，缺少地点状语。  where表示“……的地方”，句意：她居住在哪里。 翻译 ：这个可怜的女人无法告诉他自己住在哪里。 3.（2021.6天津卷）C. what 解析 宾语从句作become的表语，从句my parents had wanted me to be中，be动词后缺少表语，指代“父母期待我成为的那种人”。 what可在名词性从句中充当主/宾/表；when（何时）、where（何地）只能作状语；whether（是否）仅表疑问，均不符合句子结构。 翻译 ：似乎我活成了父母曾经期望我成为的样子。 4.（2022浙江1月卷）if / whether 解析 动词ask后接宾语从句，句子主干完整；句意表示询问“是否”可以线上发言。 if和whether都可表示“是否”，此处通用。 翻译：为了自己的参会行程，科布开始邀请她演讲的会议主办方询问自己能否线上发言；大约四分之三的情况下，主办方都会同意。 5.（2022年北京）whether 解析 :固定搭配 whether...or not，表示“是否”，引导determine后的宾语从句。. if不能与or not直接连用，因此只能填whether。 翻译 :我们如何判断气味是否有害其实很好解释：我们靠后天学习分辨。 6.（2022新高考Ⅱ卷）how 解析 : 固定结构：疑问词 + to do；how to thank him 意为“该如何感谢他”。 翻译 “他救了我儿子的命，”布朗夫人说，“我真不知道该怎么感谢他。” 7.（2022.6天津卷）A. how 解析involves后接宾语从句，从句主干you process things完整；空格处作方式状语，表“处理压力、焦虑这类情绪的方式”。how表示“如何、怎样”；what要充当主干成分，why表原因，which表选择，均不符合。 翻译 心理健康关乎你处理压力、焦虑等负面情绪的方式。 8.（2023新课标Ⅱ卷） 答案：interviews 解析：give interviews 固定搭配，意为“接受采访”。42空（表语从句）why 解析 This is why... 经典表语从句句型，意为“这就是……的原因”。前文说需要用英语接受外媒采访，后文解释因此需要英语培训师，表因果逻辑。 翻译 他们还要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访，这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。 9.（2023.6天津卷）答案：B. what 解析介词about后是宾语从句，固定搭配 do sth. with sth.（处理某物），do缺少宾语，用what指代“谷歌对收集到的信息做出的行为”。 that不作成分；why表原因；how表方式，都无法充当do的宾语。 翻译 重视隐私的人们会担忧谷歌会利用收集到的信息做些什么。 10.（2024年1月浙江）59空（表语从句）what 解析 be动词后表语从句，promote（推销）是及物动词，缺少宾语，what指代前文大份量商品。 翻译 当然，商店不是慈善机构；它们会以利润最大化的方式定价商品。如果大部分顾客愿意购买大份商品，那它们就会主推这类产品。但这让独自购物的顾客花更多钱，还满心失望。 11.（2024全国甲卷）what 解析 介词in后接宾语从句，从句 is now northwestern Wyoming 缺少主语，what指代“如今这片土地”。  where只能作状语，不能充当从句主语。 翻译 1870年9月中旬一个凉爽、繁星满天的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河旁的篝火边放松，这里如今是怀俄明州西北部。 12.（2025年北京卷） what 解析 is后接表语从句，从句缺少主语，what指代“真相的内容”。 翻译 但真相其实是能猜到的——这里从来没有其他人，只有我、尼克和寂静的森林。 13.（2025年天津卷）B. what 解析 和第9题考点完全一致。do with搭配中do缺宾语，用what引导介词宾语从句。 翻译 重视隐私的人们会担忧谷歌会利用收集到的信息做些什么。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $