第1讲 构词法-核心语法 重难点专项突破 2027年高考英语一轮复习(全国通用)

2026-06-22
| 2份
| 37页
| 360人阅读
| 4人下载
精品
简思数学
进店逛逛

资源信息

学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 学案-学习任务单
知识点 构词法
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 731 KB
发布时间 2026-06-22
更新时间 2026-06-22
作者 简思数学
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-06-22
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58440343.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了构词法核心考点,涵盖派生法(前缀、后缀)、转化法、合成法及截短法等类型,通过表格呈现语义特点与示例,以任务单和问题链引导学生自主构建知识网络,形成从基础到综合的层次化认知框架。 亮点在于诊断性自测与个性化学习路径设计,如每类构词法后设对点练习,学生可通过错题定位薄弱环节,结合思维导图绘制任务深化理解,培养语言能力与思维品质。教师可依托真题操练数据精准指导,助力学生高效备考,实现因材施教。

内容正文:

第1讲 构词法2027年高考英语语法专项突破(全国通用) (语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练) 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、派生法之前缀分类及用法表 此表格梳理派生法中不同功能的前缀,明确各类前缀的语义特点、适用场景及典型示例,覆盖 “否定、时间、数字” 等高频前缀类型,是掌握 “通过前缀改变词义” 的核心框架,适配语法填空 “词性转换” 及词汇辨析题型。 类别 具体前缀 语义特点 示例 否定前缀 im- 用于以 “m/b/p” 开头的词,表 “不、无” impossible(不可能的)、imperfect(不完美的)、immoral(不道德的) il- 用于以 “l” 开头的词,表 “不、无” illegal(非法的)、illogical(不合逻辑的)、illegible(难以辨认的) ir- 用于以 “r” 开头的词,表 “不、无” irregular(不规则的)、irrational(不理性的)、irresistible(无法抗拒的) un- 用于名词、动词、形容词前,表 “不、相反” unhappy(不快乐的)、unlock(解锁)、unusual(不寻常的) dis- 用于名词、动词、形容词前,表 “相反、去除” disagree(不同意)、disappear(消失)、dishonest(不诚实的) non- 用于名词、形容词前,表 “没有、不属于” nonprofit(非营利的)、nonexistent(不存在的)、nonmetal(非金属) 时间前缀 pre- 表 “在…… 之前” prehistory(史前)、preface(前言)、preheat(预热) post- 表 “在…… 之后” postwar(战后的)、postgraduate(研究生)、postpone(推迟) fore- 表 “预先、在前面” forecast(预测)、forehead(前额)、foresee(预见) ex- 用于名词前,表 “前任的” ex-president(前任总统)、ex-wife(前妻)、ex-classmate(前同学) 数字前缀 uni- 表 “单一、一个” unicorn(独角兽)、unipolar(单极的)、uniform(制服) bi- 表 “二、双” bicycle(自行车)、biweekly(双周刊)、bilingual(双语的) tri- 表 “三” triangle(三角形)、tricycle(三轮车)、trilogy(三部曲) kilo- 表 “千” kilogram(千克)、kilometer(千米)、kilowatt(千瓦) multi- 表 “许多、多个” multimedia(多媒体)、multinational(跨国的)、multicolor(多色的) 属性前缀 mini- 表 “小的” miniskirt(超短裙)、minibus(小公共汽车)、miniature(微缩模型) micro- 表 “微小的” microscope(显微镜)、microwave(微波炉)、microchip(微芯片) auto- 表 “自动的、自己的” automobile(汽车)、automate(自动化)、autobiography(自传) 方位前缀 inter- 表 “在…… 之间、互相” international(国际的)、interpersonal(人际的)、interact(互动) sub- 表 “在…… 之下、次要的” subway(地铁)、submarine(潜水艇)、subordinate(下属) trans- 表 “横过、转换” transplant(移植)、transmit(传输)、translate(翻译) 注意事项: 1. 否定前缀的适用规则:im-/il-/ir - 需根据单词首字母选择(如 “possible” 首字母 “p”→用 im-),不可随意替换; 2. 前缀的语义单一性:部分前缀(如 un-)可同时修饰名词、动词、形容词,但语义需符合 “相反或否定”,不可脱离核心语义(错误:unrain(无此词);正确:uncover(揭开,表 “相反动作”)); 3. 固定搭配记忆:部分前缀与单词的组合为固定形式(如 “ex-” 仅用于名词表 “前任”,不可用于动词(错误:ex-do(无此词)))。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. It is ________ (possible) to finish the difficult project in only three days without any help. 【答案】impossible 【解析】考查否定前缀 im-。句意:没有任何帮助,仅用三天时间完成这个艰巨的项目是不可能的。“possible” 以 “p” 开头,否定前缀用 “im-”,表 “不”,故填 impossible。 2. The ________ (legal) trade of wild animals has been banned by the government to protect biodiversity. 【答案】illegal 【解析】考查否定前缀 il-。句意:为保护生物多样性,政府已禁止野生动物的非法交易。“legal” 以 “l” 开头,否定前缀用 “il-”,表 “不”,故填 illegal。 3. We need to ________ (heat) the oven before putting the cake batter in to ensure it bakes evenly. 【答案】preheat 【解析】考查时间前缀 pre-。句意:放入蛋糕面糊前,我们需要预热烤箱,以确保烘烤均匀。“pre-” 表 “在…… 之前”,“preheat” 意为 “预热”,故填 preheat。 4. The ________ (president) of the company gave a speech at the annual meeting to review past achievements. 【答案】ex-president 【解析】考查时间前缀 ex-。句意:公司前总裁在年会上发表讲话,回顾了过去的成就。“ex-” 表 “前任的”,修饰名词 “president”,故填 ex-president。 5. This ________ (national) organization aims to promote cultural exchange between different countries. 【答案】international 【解析】考查方位前缀 inter-。句意:这个国际组织旨在促进不同国家之间的文化交流。“inter-” 表 “在…… 之间”,“international” 意为 “国际的”,故填 international。 二、派生法之后缀分类及用法表 下面表格梳理派生法中不同功能的后缀,明确各类后缀的词性转换方向、适用场景及典型示例,覆盖 “形容词变名词、动词变名词” 等高频后缀类型,是掌握 “通过后缀改变词性” 的核心框架,适配语法填空 “词性转换” 题型。 类别 具体后缀 词性转换方向 示例 形容词变名词 -age 形容词→名词,表 “状态、结果” short→shortage(短缺)、brave→bravery(勇敢) -ness 形容词→名词,表 “性质、状态” weak→weakness(虚弱)、aware→awareness(意识)、happy→happiness(快乐) -ty/-cy 形容词→名词,表 “性质、状态” secure→security(安全)、loyal→loyalty(忠诚)、efficient→efficiency(效率) -ence/-ance 形容词→名词,表 “性质、状态” confident→confidence(信心)、dependent→dependence(依赖)、important→importance(重要性) 动词变名词 -ion/-sion/-tion 动词→名词,表 “动作、结果” illustrate→illustration(阐明)、impress→impression(印象)、consider→consideration(考虑) -ment 动词→名词,表 “动作、结果” argue→argument(辩论)、commit→commitment(承诺)、develop→development(发展) -al 动词→名词,表 “动作、过程” propose→proposal(提议)、withdraw→withdrawal(撤回) -ing 动词→名词,表 “动作、过程” warn→warning(警告)、begin→beginning(开始)、read→reading(阅读) 表人名词后缀 -er 动词 / 名词→表人名词,表 “做…… 的人” teach→teacher(教师)、village→villager(村民)、work→worker(工人) -or 动词→表人名词,表 “做…… 的人” invent→inventor(发明家)、educate→educator(教育家)、act→actor(演员) -ee 动词→表人名词,表 “被…… 的人” employ→employee(雇员)、interview→interviewee(被面试者) -ist 名词 / 动词→表人名词,表 “从事…… 的人” journal→journalist(记者)、tour→tourist(游客)、art→artist(艺术家) 名 / 形变动词 -en 形容词 / 名词→动词,表 “使…… 变得” broad→broaden(拓宽)、strength→strengthen(加强)、short→shorten(缩短) -ify 名词 / 形容词→动词,表 “使…… 化” class→classify(分类)、beauty→beautify(美化)、pure→purify(净化) -ize 名词 / 形容词→动词,表 “使…… 化” apology→apologize(道歉)、emphasis→emphasize(强调)、modern→modernize(现代化) 形容词变副词 -ly 形容词→副词(常规规则) strong→strongly(强烈地)、exact→exactly(精确地)、quick→quickly(快速地) -ally 以 “-ic” 结尾的形容词→副词 basic→basically(基本上)、scientific→scientifically(科学地)、historic→historically(历史上) 注意事项: 1. 后缀的词性适配:部分后缀仅适用于特定词性(如 “-ee” 仅用于动词后表 “被动作的人”,不可用于名词(错误:village→villageree(无此词);正确:village→villager)); 2. 拼写特殊规则:以 “-y” 结尾的形容词变名词(如 happy→happiness)需变 y 为 i 加 - ness,不可直接加(错误:happy→happyness;正确:happy→happiness); 3. 多义后缀区分:部分后缀(如 “-ing”)可同时表 “动作”(reading(阅读))和 “事物”(building(建筑物)),需结合语境判断。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Her ________ (happy) was obvious when she received the unexpected gift from her best friend. 【答案】happiness 【解析】考查形容词变名词后缀 - ness。句意:当收到最好的朋友送的意外礼物时,她的喜悦显而易见。“happy” 为形容词,后加后缀 “-ness” 构成名词 “happiness”,故填 happiness。 2. The ________ (develop) of artificial intelligence has brought great changes to people's daily lives. 【答案】development 【解析】考查动词变名词后缀 - ment。句意:人工智能的发展给人们的日常生活带来了巨大变化。“develop” 为动词,后加后缀 “-ment” 构成名词 “development”,故填 development。 3. He is a famous ________ (invent) who has created many useful tools to improve work efficiency. 【答案】inventor 【解析】考查动词变表人名词后缀 - or。句意:他是一位著名的发明家,创造了许多实用工具来提高工作效率。“invent” 为动词,后加后缀 “-or” 构成表人名词 “inventor”,故填 inventor。 4. We need to ________ (modern) our teaching methods to meet the needs of modern students. 【答案】modernize 【解析】考查形容词变动词后缀 - ize。句意:我们需要使教学方法现代化,以满足现代学生的需求。“modern” 为形容词,后加后缀 “-ize” 构成动词 “modernize”,故填 modernize。 5. She speaks English ________ (exact) as her teacher does, which surprises all her classmates. 【答案】exactly 【解析】考查形容词变副词后缀 - ly。句意:她英语说得和老师一模一样,这让所有同学都很惊讶。“exact” 为形容词,后加后缀 “-ly” 构成副词 “exactly”,故填 exactly。 三、转化法(词性转换)用法表 以下表格梳理转化法的核心类型,明确 “动词转名词、名词转动词” 等常见转换方向及语义特点,解决 “词性灵活转换” 的问题,适配语法填空 “词性判断” 及阅读理解题型。 类型 具体规则 语义特点 示例 动词→名词 直接转换,无形式变化 保留原动词核心语义,表 “动作、过程或结果” 1. try(动词:尝试)→have a try(名词:尝试) 2. drive(动词:驾驶)→go for a drive(名词:驾车出游) 3. walk(动词:走路)→take a walk(名词:散步) 名词→动词 直接转换,无形式变化 保留原名词核心语义,表 “用…… 做、从事……” 1. hand(名词:手)→hand me the book(动词:递) 2. chair(名词:椅子 / 主席)→chair the meeting(动词:主持) 3. water(名词:水)→water the flowers(动词:浇水) 形容词→动词 直接转换,无形式变化 表 “使…… 变得、呈现…… 状态” 1. dirty(形容词:脏的)→don’t dirty the shoes(动词:弄脏) 2. perfect(形容词:完美的)→perfect the plan(动词:完善) 3. warm(形容词:温暖的)→warm the room(动词:使温暖) 形容词→名词 直接转换,常加定冠词 the 表 “一类人或事物” 1. old(形容词:老的)→the old(名词:老年人) 2. poor(形容词:贫穷的)→the poor(名词:穷人) 3. right(形容词:正确的)→tell right from wrong(名词:正确) 特殊转换 部分词通过语境转换 表 “抽象概念或特定状态” 1. up/down(副词:向上 / 向下)→ups and downs(名词:起伏) 2. must(情态动词:必须)→a must(名词:必需品) 3. google(名词:谷歌)→google the info(动词:搜索) 注意事项: 1. 转换后的语义一致性:转换后的词性需保留原词核心语义(错误:book(名词:书)→book the room(动词:预订,语义相关,正确);错误:pen(名词:笔)→pen the door(无此语义,错误)); 2. 冠词搭配:形容词转名词表 “一类人” 时,需加定冠词 the(错误:old need help;正确:the old need help),表 “抽象概念” 时可加 a/an(如 a must(一件必需品)); 3. 语境依赖性:部分转换需结合特定语境(如 “email” 作动词(发邮件)仅用于 “email sb/sth” 结构,不可单独使用(错误:I emailed;正确:I emailed him))。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Could you please ________ (hand) me the dictionary on the top shelf? I can't reach it. 【答案】hand 【解析】考查名词转动词。句意:你能把顶层书架上的字典递给我吗?我够不着。“hand” 作名词意为 “手”,转化为动词意为 “递”,符合语境,故填 hand。 2. The ________ (old) in our community are taken good care of by volunteers who visit them regularly. 【答案】old 【解析】考查形容词转名词。句意:我们社区的老年人得到志愿者的悉心照顾,他们会定期探访。“the + 形容词” 表一类人,“the old” 意为 “老年人”,故填 old。 3. We should ________ (water) the plants every morning to keep them green and healthy. 【答案】water 【解析】考查名词转动词。句意:我们应该每天早上给植物浇水,让它们保持翠绿健康。“water” 作名词意为 “水”,转化为动词意为 “浇水”,故填 water。 4. After trying several times, he finally had a ________ (try) and succeeded in solving the problem. 【答案】try 【解析】考查动词转名词。句意:尝试了几次后,他终于试了一次,成功解决了问题。“try” 作动词意为 “尝试”,转化为名词意为 “尝试”,“have a try” 为固定短语,故填 try。 5. It's important to ________ (perfect) your communication skills to get along well with others. 【答案】perfect 【解析】考查形容词转动词。句意:完善沟通技巧对于与他人友好相处很重要。“perfect” 作形容词意为 “完美的”,转化为动词意为 “完善”,故填 perfect。 四、合成法(组合构词)用法表 此表格梳理合成法的三大类型(合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词),明确各类合成词的构成方式、语义特点及典型示例,适配语法填空 “合成词拼写” 及词汇辨析题型。 类型 构成方式 语义特点 示例 合成名词 名词 + 名词 表 “由两个事物结合的新事物” bookstore(书店)、notebook(笔记本)、toothbrush(牙刷) 动词 + 名词 表 “与动作相关的事物” pickpocket(扒手)、washroom(洗手间)、breakfast(早餐) 形容词 + 名词 表 “具有某特征的事物” freshman(大一新生)、greenhouse(温室)、highway(高速公路) 名词 + 介词 + 名词 表 “特定关系的人或事物” sister-in-law(嫂子)、editor-in-chief(总编辑)、father-in-law(岳父) 合成形容词 名词 + 形容词 表 “具有某事物特征的” duty-free(免税的)、world-famous(举世闻名的)、snow-white(雪白的) 名词 + 现在分词 表 “主动具有某动作特征的” French-speaking(讲法语的)、time-consuming(耗时的)、man-eating(吃人的) 名词 + 过去分词 表 “被动具有某动作特征的” man-made(人造的)、state-owned(国有的)、heart-broken(心碎的) 数词 + 名词 表 “具有某数量特征的” two-hour(两小时的)、one-way(单行道的)、five-year(五年的) 副词 + 过去分词 表 “具有某状态特征的” well-known(著名的)、newly-built(新建的)、widely-used(广泛使用的) 合成动词 名词 + 动词 表 “与名词相关的动作” sleepwalk(梦游)、typewrite(打字)、sunbathe(日光浴) 形容词 + 动词 表 “使具有某形容词特征的动作” whitewash(粉刷)、safeguard(保护)、quick-freeze(快速冷冻) 副词 + 动词 表 “具有某副词方向的动作” overthrow(推翻)、overwhelm(压倒)、underline(强调) 注意事项: 1. 合成词的连字符规则:“数词 + 名词” 构成的合成形容词需加连字符,且名词用单数(错误:two-hours;正确:two-hour); 2. 语义的组合性:合成词的语义多为两部分语义的结合(如 “greenhouse”=“green(绿色)+house(房子)”→“温室”),不可脱离原词语义臆造(错误:book-eat(无此词);正确:book-read(读书的)); 3. 拼写完整性:部分合成词为连写形式(如 notebook),部分为分写形式(如 green house(绿色房子,非温室)),需注意区分(“greenhouse” 为温室,“green house” 为绿色的房子)。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. She bought a new ________ (note) to write down important information and daily plans. 【答案】notebook 【解析】考查合成名词(名词 + 名词)。句意:她买了一个新笔记本,用来记录重要信息和日常计划。“note(笔记)+ book(书)” 构成合成名词 “notebook(笔记本)”,故填 notebook。 2. This ________ (time-consuming) task requires a lot of patience and careful attention to details. 【答案】time-consuming 【解析】考查合成形容词(名词 + 现在分词)。句意:这项耗时的任务需要极大的耐心和对细节的仔细关注。“time(时间)+ consuming(消耗的)” 构成合成形容词 “time-consuming(耗时的)”,故填 time-consuming。 3. The ________ (man-made) satellite has been sending back valuable data about the universe. 【答案】man-made 【解析】考查合成形容词(名词 + 过去分词)。句意:这颗人造卫星一直在发回有关宇宙的宝贵数据。“man(人)+ made(制造的)” 构成合成形容词 “man-made(人造的)”,故填 man-made。 4. We took a ________ (two-hour) train ride to the small town where my grandparents live. 【答案】two-hour 【解析】考查合成形容词(数词 + 名词)。句意:我们坐了两个小时的火车到了我祖父母居住的小镇。“two(二)+ hour(小时)” 构成合成形容词 “two-hour(两小时的)”,名词用单数,故填 two-hour。 5. He likes to ________ (sunbathe) on the beach during his summer vacation to relax his body and mind. 【答案】sunbathe 【解析】考查合成动词(名词 + 动词)。句意:他喜欢在暑假期间在海滩日光浴,放松身心。“sun(太阳)+ bathe(沐浴)” 构成合成动词 “sunbathe(日光浴)”,故填 sunbathe。 五、其他构词法(截短法、混合法、缩略法)用法表 下面表格梳理“通法提炼” 的三类构词法,明确各类方法的核心规则、语义特点及典型示例,补充派生法、转化法、合成法之外的高频考点,适配词汇积累及阅读理解题型。 类型 具体规则 语义特点 示例 截短法 截去词尾 保留原词核心语义,更简洁口语化 advertisement→ad(广告)、examination→exam(测试)、laboratory→lab(实验室) 截去词头 保留原词核心语义,更简洁口语化 telephone→phone(电话)、aeroplane→plane(飞机)、earthquake→quake(地震) 截去词头和词尾 保留原词核心语义,更简洁口语化 influenza→flu(流感)、refrigerator→fridge(冰箱)、mathematics→maths(数学) 混合法 词首 + 词尾 结合两个词的语义,形成新语义 brunch=breakfast+lunch(早午餐)、smog=smoke+fog(烟雾)、motel=motor+hotel(汽车旅馆) 词首 + 词首 结合两个词的语义,形成新语义 sci-fi=science+fiction(科幻)、modem=modulator+demodulator(调制解调器) 词首 + 整词 结合两个词的语义,形成新语义 medicare=medical+care(医疗保险)、blog=web+log(博客)、Eurasia=Europe+Asia(欧亚大陆) 缩略法 字母大写,读单个字母 保留原短语核心语义,正式简洁 UN=United Nations(联合国)、DIY=Do It Yourself(自己动手)、VIP=Very Important Person(贵宾)、GPS=Global Positioning System(全球定位系统) 字母大小写,读成一个词 保留原短语核心语义,正式简洁 NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization(北约)、TOEFL=Test of English as a Foreign Language(托福)、laser=lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation(激光) 注意事项: 1. 截短法的语义保留:截短词需完全保留原词语义(如 “ad”=“advertisement”,语义一致),不可改变原词核心含义; 2. 混合法的拼写规则:混合词多为连写形式(如 brunch),不可拆分(错误:br unch;正确:brunch); 3. 缩略法的读音规则:字母大写类缩略词读单个字母(如 UN 读作 “U-N”),大小写类缩略词读成一个词(如 NATO 读作 “ˈneɪtəʊ”),不可混淆读音方式。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. I saw an ________ (advertisement) on TV about a new brand of shampoo and decided to try it. 【答案】ad 【解析】考查截短法。句意:我在电视上看到一则新品牌洗发水的广告,决定试试。“advertisement” 的截短形式为 “ad”,表 “广告”,故填 ad。 2. We usually have ________ (breakfast + lunch) at around 11 o'clock on weekends when we get up late. 【答案】brunch 【解析】考查混合法。句意:周末我们起得晚,通常在 11 点左右吃早午餐。“breakfast(早餐)+ lunch(午餐)” 混合构成 “brunch(早午餐)”,故填 brunch。 3. ________ (United Nations) plays an important role in maintaining world peace and promoting international cooperation. 【答案】UN 【解析】考查缩略法。句意:联合国在维护世界和平、促进国际合作方面发挥着重要作用。“United Nations” 的缩略形式为 “UN”,句首首字母大写,故填 UN。 4. She has a ________ (refrigerator) in her kitchen to keep food fresh for a long time. 【答案】fridge 【解析】考查截短法。句意:她厨房里有一台冰箱,用来长时间保持食物新鲜。“refrigerator” 的截短形式为 “fridge”,表 “冰箱”,故填 fridge。 5. Many people like to ________ (web + log) their daily life and share interesting stories with others online. 【答案】blog 【解析】考查混合法。句意:很多人喜欢在网上写博客记录日常生活,与他人分享有趣的故事。“web(网络)+ log(日志)” 混合构成 “blog(博客)”,此处作动词,故填 blog。 一、语法填空:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The peaceful ________ (unite) of different ethnic groups forms the foundation of social stability. 【答案】unity 【详解】考查名词。句意:不同民族的和睦团结构成了社会稳定的基础。空格作句子主语,需填名词,unite 对应的抽象名词为 unity,表抽象概念不可数。故填 unity。 2. The volunteer activity turned out to be ________ great ________ (achieve), touching thousands of local residents. 【答案】an;achievement 【详解】考查名词。句意:这场志愿活动最终是一项伟大的成就,打动了数千当地居民。提示词作表语,此处 achieve 转化可数名词 achievement,表 “一件成就”,great 元音音素开头,搭配不定冠词 an。故填 an;achievement。 3. Many writers describe the way ancient farmers ________ (product) food without modern machines. 【答案】produce 【详解】考查定语从句谓语动词。句意:许多作家描绘古代农民不依靠现代机器生产粮食的方式。先行词 the way 后接定语从句,主语 ancient farmers 缺少谓语,形容词 productive 变动词 produce;主句 describe 为一般现在时,从句同步用一般现在时。故填 produce。 4. The sports meeting offers teenagers chances to join in ball games and ________ (compete) on the track field. 【答案】competitions 【详解】考查名词复数。句意:运动会为青少年提供机会,参与球类赛事与田径比赛。空格与 games 并列作 join in 宾语,compete 转化可数名词 competition,此处泛指多场赛事用复数。故填 competitions。 5. The coach gave him the ________ (decide), and he chose to take part in the national competition. 【答案】decision 【详解】考查名词。句意:教练将选择权交给了他,他决定参加全国大赛。定冠词 the 后需填名词作宾语,decide 对应的名词为 decision,此处表单次选择用单数。故填 decision。 6. With the rapid ________(develop) of green energy, air pollution has been greatly reduced. 【答案】development 【详解】考查词形转换。句意:随着绿色能源的快速发展,空气污染大幅减轻。形容词 rapid 后接名词,develop 的抽象名词为 development,不可数。故填 development。 7. All the team members will put their efforts into ________ (create) a warm classroom environment. 【答案】creation 【详解】考查名词。句意:全体队员将全力以赴打造温馨的班级环境。固定搭配 put efforts into sth.,into 为介词后接名词,create 转化名词 creation。故填 creation。 8. Yoga brings emotional ________ (calm) and strong physical strength to people of all ages. 【答案】calmness 【详解】考查名词。句意:瑜伽为各年龄段人群带来情绪平静与强健体魄。形容词 emotional 修饰名词作 brings 宾语,calm 的抽象名词为 calmness,表抽象状态不可数。故填 calmness。 9. The view of mountain lakes at dawn is ________ (forget) — I still recall it clearly after years. 【答案】unforgettable 【详解】考查形容词否定前缀。句意:清晨山湖的景色令人难忘,时隔多年我仍清晰记得。系动词 was 后接形容词,forget 基础形容词 forgettable 意为 “易遗忘的”;根据句意需加否定前缀 un- 表 “难忘的”。故填 unforgettable。 10. Don’t let stress stop you from ________ (act) for your dreams and long-term goals. 【答案】action 【详解】考查名词。句意:不要让压力阻碍你为梦想和长远目标付诸行动。介词 from 后需填名词作宾语,act 对应的名词 action 表抽象行动。故填 action。 11. I truly respect those whose ________ (honest) and patience win trust from everyone around them. 【答案】honesty 【详解】考查名词。句意:我由衷敬佩那些凭借诚实与耐心赢得所有人信任的人。whose 引导定语从句,空格与 patience 并列作从句主语,形容词 honest 转化不可数名词 honesty。故填 honesty。 12. Visitors admire the village’s fresh air, peaceful lifestyle and perfect ________ (combine) of tradition and modernity. 【答案】combination 【详解】考查名词。句意:游客赞叹这座村庄清新的空气、安逸的生活方式,以及传统与现代的完美融合。空格与 air、lifestyle 并列作 admire 宾语,动词 combine 转化抽象名词 combination,不可数。故填 combination。 13. The documentary raised public ________ (conscious) of protecting wild endangered animals. 【答案】consciousness 【详解】考查名词。句意:这部纪录片提升了大众保护濒危野生动物的意识。形容词 public 修饰名词作 raised 宾语,形容词 conscious 转化名词 consciousness,表抽象意识。故填 consciousness。 14. Study on plant cell structures has created ________ (produce) materials for biodegradable packaging bags. 【答案】productive 【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意:针对植物细胞结构的研究研发出可用于环保包装袋的高效材料。空后为名词 materials,需填形容词修饰名词,动词 produce 转化形容词 productive,意为 “高产的、实用的”。故填 productive。 15. It’s ________ (polite) to cut in line when you wait for public transport. 【答案】impolite 【详解】考查形容词否定构词。句意:等候公共交通时插队是不礼貌的。系动词 is 后接形容词作表语;结合句意 “插队” 为不礼貌行为,polite 加否定前缀 imp- 构成反义词 impolite。故填 impolite。 Passage 1 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 1 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and 2 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to 3 Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication 4 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 5 (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items 6 what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 7 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 8 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before 9 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 10 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 【答案】 1. to be held 2. frequency 3. the 4. were 5. necessities 6. for 7. Drawn 8. that/which 9. heading 10. cheaper 【来源】2026年高考全国1卷英语高考真题 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景。 【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它们也常常在传统节日期间举行,例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语,且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系,故用不定式的被动式to be held。 2. 考查名词。句意:大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语,应用名词形式frequency,表示“频率”,不可数名词。 3. 考查冠词。句意:大集起源于古代民间以物易物的习俗,可追溯至汉朝。专有名词Han Dynasty特指“汉朝”,需用定冠词the限定。 4. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:由于当时交通和通讯都不发达,家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语,时间状语“at that time”表明用一般过去时态,主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念,谓语用复数形式were。 5. 考查名词复数。句意同上。名词necessity意为“必需品”时通常用复数形式,泛指日常所需的多种物品。 6. 考查介词。句意:作为解决办法,人们在固定的日子里聚集到特定地点,用自己多余的物品来交换自己需要的东西。“trade A for B”是固定搭配,表示“用A交换B”。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意:被街头小吃的香味所吸引,他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语,draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系,应用过去分词表被动;且位于句首,首字母大写。 8. 考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句,stands(摊位)是先行词,关系代词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在回家之前,他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋,价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 10. 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。提示词作后置定语修饰prices,且设空处后有“than”,应用比较级cheaper。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】 1. which 2. the 3. to present 4. guidance 5. are revealed 6. tries 7. by 8. strategic/strategical 9. and 10. digitally 【来源】2025年全国高考一卷英语真题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。 【详解】1. 考查定语从句。句意:上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览,展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称为“围棋”),它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2. 考查冠词。句意:围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能,并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope,此处为非谓语动词,hope to do sth.“希望做某事”,所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式,作宾语。故填to present。 4. 考查名词。句意:你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱,迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语,用名词guidance“引导”,不可数名词。故填guidance。 5. 考查动词语态。句意:她补充说:“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来,一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示,显示”为被动关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are revealed。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知,本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语a decent winner为第三人称单数,所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”,此处指“以一到两分的优势”,符合语境。故填by。 8. 考查形容词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement,需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的,策略的”,作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 9. 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系,作并列主语,所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 10. 考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated,需用副词digitally“数字地”,作状语。故填digitally。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My first time doing tai chi For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain 1 (entire) in one spot to warm up. Angela, a tai chi 2 (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. “Your mind 3 body go together. That’s all that matters.” Although not a morning person, I begin my lesson with Angela and about twenty others at a Sydney community centre courtyard at 7 am. “Put your 4 (foot) parallel (平行), and use your dan tian to hold up your body,” she says. In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I 5 (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. We move on to tai chi positions, of 6 there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. The movements have 7 (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.” During most of the class, we follow Angela and concentrate on making tiny, isolated (单独) movements. Then, Angela gets us to try the nine movements on our own. I keep my eyes 8 a woman to my right and try to copy her movements, but unfortunately I soon lose focus. At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still 9 (be) early at 8 am. It’s time for my dan tian 10 (meet) another life force: coffee. 【答案】 1. entirely 2. instructor 3. and 4. feet 5. am supposed 6. which 7. descriptive 8. on 9. being 10. to meet 【来源】2026年高考全国2卷英语高考真题(网络 收集版) 【导语】文章主要讲述作者首次清晨跟随老师体验太极课程的经历与感悟。 【详解】1. 考查副词。句意:太极课的前十五分钟,我们全程待在原地热身。本空修饰动词remain,作状语,用副词entirely“完全地,全程地”。 2. 考查名词。句意:拥有二十八年经验的太极老师安吉拉说,一节圆满的太极课是无杂念的一课。本空为指代人Angela的同位语,用名词instructor“教练,老师”。 3. 考查连词。句意:你的身心合一。本空连接并列名词mind和body,用并列连词and。 4. 考查名词复数。句意:她说:“双脚平行站立,用丹田支撑身体。”foot为可数名词,此处指双脚,用复数形式feet作宾语。 5. 考查固定搭配和时态。句意:现在,我应该感受双腿受力,并将意念集中于丹田。固定搭配be supposed to do“应该做某事”,主语为I,描述现在的状态,用一般现在时,be动词用am。 6. 考查定语从句。句意:我们继续学习太极招式,安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词positions,在从句中作介词of的宾语,用关系代词which。 7. 考查形容词。句意:这些招式有着形象生动的名字,如“捧碗”和“揽雀尾”。本空修饰名词names,作定语,用形容词descriptive“描绘性的,形象的”。 8. 考查介词。句意:我盯着右边的一位女士,试图模仿她的动作,但不幸的是,我很快就走神了。固定搭配keep one’s eyes on sb./sth.“紧盯某人/某物”,本空用介词on。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意:课程结束时才早上八点,天色尚早,我却感觉十分清醒。despite为介词,后接动名词作宾语,be的动名词形式为being。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意:是时候让我的丹田迎接另一股活力——咖啡。固定句型It’s time for sth to do sth.“是某物做某事的时间了”,本空用不定式to meet。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 1. where 2. central 3. for 4. and 5. myself 6. is 7. to discover 8. absence 9. afternoons 10. left 【来源】2025年全国高考二卷英语真题 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 【详解】1. 考查定语从句。句意:然而现在,我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村,在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生,鸡总是自由放养的,而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang,China,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2. 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的,中心的”,作定语。故填central。 3. 考查介词。句意:我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是,我第一次来到这里时,从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”,固定搭配。故填for。 4. 考查连词。句意:但令人惊讶的是,你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系,应用连词and连接。故填and。 5. 考查反身代词。句意:随着时间的推移,我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在我的成长过程中,我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物,这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词, chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式,作定语。故填to discover。 8. 考查名词。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语,应用名词absence“缺乏,没有”,不可数名词。故填absence。 9. 考查名词的数。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词,此处指不止一个下午,应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。 1 / 22 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第1讲 构词法2027年高考英语语法专项突破(全国通用) (语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练) 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、派生法之前缀分类及用法表 此表格梳理派生法中不同功能的前缀,明确各类前缀的语义特点、适用场景及典型示例,覆盖 “否定、时间、数字” 等高频前缀类型,是掌握 “通过前缀改变词义” 的核心框架,适配语法填空 “词性转换” 及词汇辨析题型。 类别 具体前缀 语义特点 示例 否定前缀 im- 用于以 “m/b/p” 开头的词,表 “不、无” impossible(不可能的)、imperfect(不完美的)、immoral(不道德的) il- 用于以 “l” 开头的词,表 “不、无” illegal(非法的)、illogical(不合逻辑的)、illegible(难以辨认的) ir- 用于以 “r” 开头的词,表 “不、无” irregular(不规则的)、irrational(不理性的)、irresistible(无法抗拒的) un- 用于名词、动词、形容词前,表 “不、相反” unhappy(不快乐的)、unlock(解锁)、unusual(不寻常的) dis- 用于名词、动词、形容词前,表 “相反、去除” disagree(不同意)、disappear(消失)、dishonest(不诚实的) non- 用于名词、形容词前,表 “没有、不属于” nonprofit(非营利的)、nonexistent(不存在的)、nonmetal(非金属) 时间前缀 pre- 表 “在…… 之前” prehistory(史前)、preface(前言)、preheat(预热) post- 表 “在…… 之后” postwar(战后的)、postgraduate(研究生)、postpone(推迟) fore- 表 “预先、在前面” forecast(预测)、forehead(前额)、foresee(预见) ex- 用于名词前,表 “前任的” ex-president(前任总统)、ex-wife(前妻)、ex-classmate(前同学) 数字前缀 uni- 表 “单一、一个” unicorn(独角兽)、unipolar(单极的)、uniform(制服) bi- 表 “二、双” bicycle(自行车)、biweekly(双周刊)、bilingual(双语的) tri- 表 “三” triangle(三角形)、tricycle(三轮车)、trilogy(三部曲) kilo- 表 “千” kilogram(千克)、kilometer(千米)、kilowatt(千瓦) multi- 表 “许多、多个” multimedia(多媒体)、multinational(跨国的)、multicolor(多色的) 属性前缀 mini- 表 “小的” miniskirt(超短裙)、minibus(小公共汽车)、miniature(微缩模型) micro- 表 “微小的” microscope(显微镜)、microwave(微波炉)、microchip(微芯片) auto- 表 “自动的、自己的” automobile(汽车)、automate(自动化)、autobiography(自传) 方位前缀 inter- 表 “在…… 之间、互相” international(国际的)、interpersonal(人际的)、interact(互动) sub- 表 “在…… 之下、次要的” subway(地铁)、submarine(潜水艇)、subordinate(下属) trans- 表 “横过、转换” transplant(移植)、transmit(传输)、translate(翻译) 注意事项: 1. 否定前缀的适用规则:im-/il-/ir - 需根据单词首字母选择(如 “possible” 首字母 “p”→用 im-),不可随意替换; 2. 前缀的语义单一性:部分前缀(如 un-)可同时修饰名词、动词、形容词,但语义需符合 “相反或否定”,不可脱离核心语义(错误:unrain(无此词);正确:uncover(揭开,表 “相反动作”)); 3. 固定搭配记忆:部分前缀与单词的组合为固定形式(如 “ex-” 仅用于名词表 “前任”,不可用于动词(错误:ex-do(无此词)))。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. It is ________ (possible) to finish the difficult project in only three days without any help. 2. The ________ (legal) trade of wild animals has been banned by the government to protect biodiversity. 3. We need to ________ (heat) the oven before putting the cake batter in to ensure it bakes evenly. 4. The ________ (president) of the company gave a speech at the annual meeting to review past achievements. 5. This ________ (national) organization aims to promote cultural exchange between different countries. 二、派生法之后缀分类及用法表 下面表格梳理派生法中不同功能的后缀,明确各类后缀的词性转换方向、适用场景及典型示例,覆盖 “形容词变名词、动词变名词” 等高频后缀类型,是掌握 “通过后缀改变词性” 的核心框架,适配语法填空 “词性转换” 题型。 类别 具体后缀 词性转换方向 示例 形容词变名词 -age 形容词→名词,表 “状态、结果” short→shortage(短缺)、brave→bravery(勇敢) -ness 形容词→名词,表 “性质、状态” weak→weakness(虚弱)、aware→awareness(意识)、happy→happiness(快乐) -ty/-cy 形容词→名词,表 “性质、状态” secure→security(安全)、loyal→loyalty(忠诚)、efficient→efficiency(效率) -ence/-ance 形容词→名词,表 “性质、状态” confident→confidence(信心)、dependent→dependence(依赖)、important→importance(重要性) 动词变名词 -ion/-sion/-tion 动词→名词,表 “动作、结果” illustrate→illustration(阐明)、impress→impression(印象)、consider→consideration(考虑) -ment 动词→名词,表 “动作、结果” argue→argument(辩论)、commit→commitment(承诺)、develop→development(发展) -al 动词→名词,表 “动作、过程” propose→proposal(提议)、withdraw→withdrawal(撤回) -ing 动词→名词,表 “动作、过程” warn→warning(警告)、begin→beginning(开始)、read→reading(阅读) 表人名词后缀 -er 动词 / 名词→表人名词,表 “做…… 的人” teach→teacher(教师)、village→villager(村民)、work→worker(工人) -or 动词→表人名词,表 “做…… 的人” invent→inventor(发明家)、educate→educator(教育家)、act→actor(演员) -ee 动词→表人名词,表 “被…… 的人” employ→employee(雇员)、interview→interviewee(被面试者) -ist 名词 / 动词→表人名词,表 “从事…… 的人” journal→journalist(记者)、tour→tourist(游客)、art→artist(艺术家) 名 / 形变动词 -en 形容词 / 名词→动词,表 “使…… 变得” broad→broaden(拓宽)、strength→strengthen(加强)、short→shorten(缩短) -ify 名词 / 形容词→动词,表 “使…… 化” class→classify(分类)、beauty→beautify(美化)、pure→purify(净化) -ize 名词 / 形容词→动词,表 “使…… 化” apology→apologize(道歉)、emphasis→emphasize(强调)、modern→modernize(现代化) 形容词变副词 -ly 形容词→副词(常规规则) strong→strongly(强烈地)、exact→exactly(精确地)、quick→quickly(快速地) -ally 以 “-ic” 结尾的形容词→副词 basic→basically(基本上)、scientific→scientifically(科学地)、historic→historically(历史上) 注意事项: 1. 后缀的词性适配:部分后缀仅适用于特定词性(如 “-ee” 仅用于动词后表 “被动作的人”,不可用于名词(错误:village→villageree(无此词);正确:village→villager)); 2. 拼写特殊规则:以 “-y” 结尾的形容词变名词(如 happy→happiness)需变 y 为 i 加 - ness,不可直接加(错误:happy→happyness;正确:happy→happiness); 3. 多义后缀区分:部分后缀(如 “-ing”)可同时表 “动作”(reading(阅读))和 “事物”(building(建筑物)),需结合语境判断。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Her ________ (happy) was obvious when she received the unexpected gift from her best friend. 2. The ________ (develop) of artificial intelligence has brought great changes to people's daily lives. 3. He is a famous ________ (invent) who has created many useful tools to improve work efficiency. 4. We need to ________ (modern) our teaching methods to meet the needs of modern students. 5. She speaks English ________ (exact) as her teacher does, which surprises all her classmates. 三、转化法(词性转换)用法表 以下表格梳理转化法的核心类型,明确 “动词转名词、名词转动词” 等常见转换方向及语义特点,解决 “词性灵活转换” 的问题,适配语法填空 “词性判断” 及阅读理解题型。 类型 具体规则 语义特点 示例 动词→名词 直接转换,无形式变化 保留原动词核心语义,表 “动作、过程或结果” 1. try(动词:尝试)→have a try(名词:尝试) 2. drive(动词:驾驶)→go for a drive(名词:驾车出游) 3. walk(动词:走路)→take a walk(名词:散步) 名词→动词 直接转换,无形式变化 保留原名词核心语义,表 “用…… 做、从事……” 1. hand(名词:手)→hand me the book(动词:递) 2. chair(名词:椅子 / 主席)→chair the meeting(动词:主持) 3. water(名词:水)→water the flowers(动词:浇水) 形容词→动词 直接转换,无形式变化 表 “使…… 变得、呈现…… 状态” 1. dirty(形容词:脏的)→don’t dirty the shoes(动词:弄脏) 2. perfect(形容词:完美的)→perfect the plan(动词:完善) 3. warm(形容词:温暖的)→warm the room(动词:使温暖) 形容词→名词 直接转换,常加定冠词 the 表 “一类人或事物” 1. old(形容词:老的)→the old(名词:老年人) 2. poor(形容词:贫穷的)→the poor(名词:穷人) 3. right(形容词:正确的)→tell right from wrong(名词:正确) 特殊转换 部分词通过语境转换 表 “抽象概念或特定状态” 1. up/down(副词:向上 / 向下)→ups and downs(名词:起伏) 2. must(情态动词:必须)→a must(名词:必需品) 3. google(名词:谷歌)→google the info(动词:搜索) 注意事项: 1. 转换后的语义一致性:转换后的词性需保留原词核心语义(错误:book(名词:书)→book the room(动词:预订,语义相关,正确);错误:pen(名词:笔)→pen the door(无此语义,错误)); 2. 冠词搭配:形容词转名词表 “一类人” 时,需加定冠词 the(错误:old need help;正确:the old need help),表 “抽象概念” 时可加 a/an(如 a must(一件必需品)); 3. 语境依赖性:部分转换需结合特定语境(如 “email” 作动词(发邮件)仅用于 “email sb/sth” 结构,不可单独使用(错误:I emailed;正确:I emailed him))。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Could you please ________ (hand) me the dictionary on the top shelf? I can't reach it. 2. The ________ (old) in our community are taken good care of by volunteers who visit them regularly. 3. We should ________ (water) the plants every morning to keep them green and healthy. 4. After trying several times, he finally had a ________ (try) and succeeded in solving the problem. 5. It's important to ________ (perfect) your communication skills to get along well with others. 四、合成法(组合构词)用法表 此表格梳理合成法的三大类型(合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词),明确各类合成词的构成方式、语义特点及典型示例,适配语法填空 “合成词拼写” 及词汇辨析题型。 类型 构成方式 语义特点 示例 合成名词 名词 + 名词 表 “由两个事物结合的新事物” bookstore(书店)、notebook(笔记本)、toothbrush(牙刷) 动词 + 名词 表 “与动作相关的事物” pickpocket(扒手)、washroom(洗手间)、breakfast(早餐) 形容词 + 名词 表 “具有某特征的事物” freshman(大一新生)、greenhouse(温室)、highway(高速公路) 名词 + 介词 + 名词 表 “特定关系的人或事物” sister-in-law(嫂子)、editor-in-chief(总编辑)、father-in-law(岳父) 合成形容词 名词 + 形容词 表 “具有某事物特征的” duty-free(免税的)、world-famous(举世闻名的)、snow-white(雪白的) 名词 + 现在分词 表 “主动具有某动作特征的” French-speaking(讲法语的)、time-consuming(耗时的)、man-eating(吃人的) 名词 + 过去分词 表 “被动具有某动作特征的” man-made(人造的)、state-owned(国有的)、heart-broken(心碎的) 数词 + 名词 表 “具有某数量特征的” two-hour(两小时的)、one-way(单行道的)、five-year(五年的) 副词 + 过去分词 表 “具有某状态特征的” well-known(著名的)、newly-built(新建的)、widely-used(广泛使用的) 合成动词 名词 + 动词 表 “与名词相关的动作” sleepwalk(梦游)、typewrite(打字)、sunbathe(日光浴) 形容词 + 动词 表 “使具有某形容词特征的动作” whitewash(粉刷)、safeguard(保护)、quick-freeze(快速冷冻) 副词 + 动词 表 “具有某副词方向的动作” overthrow(推翻)、overwhelm(压倒)、underline(强调) 注意事项: 1. 合成词的连字符规则:“数词 + 名词” 构成的合成形容词需加连字符,且名词用单数(错误:two-hours;正确:two-hour); 2. 语义的组合性:合成词的语义多为两部分语义的结合(如 “greenhouse”=“green(绿色)+house(房子)”→“温室”),不可脱离原词语义臆造(错误:book-eat(无此词);正确:book-read(读书的)); 3. 拼写完整性:部分合成词为连写形式(如 notebook),部分为分写形式(如 green house(绿色房子,非温室)),需注意区分(“greenhouse” 为温室,“green house” 为绿色的房子)。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. She bought a new ________ (note) to write down important information and daily plans. 2. This ________ (time-consuming) task requires a lot of patience and careful attention to details. 3. The ________ (man-made) satellite has been sending back valuable data about the universe. 4. We took a ________ (two-hour) train ride to the small town where my grandparents live. 5. He likes to ________ (sunbathe) on the beach during his summer vacation to relax his body and mind. 五、其他构词法(截短法、混合法、缩略法)用法表 下面表格梳理“通法提炼” 的三类构词法,明确各类方法的核心规则、语义特点及典型示例,补充派生法、转化法、合成法之外的高频考点,适配词汇积累及阅读理解题型。 类型 具体规则 语义特点 示例 截短法 截去词尾 保留原词核心语义,更简洁口语化 advertisement→ad(广告)、examination→exam(测试)、laboratory→lab(实验室) 截去词头 保留原词核心语义,更简洁口语化 telephone→phone(电话)、aeroplane→plane(飞机)、earthquake→quake(地震) 截去词头和词尾 保留原词核心语义,更简洁口语化 influenza→flu(流感)、refrigerator→fridge(冰箱)、mathematics→maths(数学) 混合法 词首 + 词尾 结合两个词的语义,形成新语义 brunch=breakfast+lunch(早午餐)、smog=smoke+fog(烟雾)、motel=motor+hotel(汽车旅馆) 词首 + 词首 结合两个词的语义,形成新语义 sci-fi=science+fiction(科幻)、modem=modulator+demodulator(调制解调器) 词首 + 整词 结合两个词的语义,形成新语义 medicare=medical+care(医疗保险)、blog=web+log(博客)、Eurasia=Europe+Asia(欧亚大陆) 缩略法 字母大写,读单个字母 保留原短语核心语义,正式简洁 UN=United Nations(联合国)、DIY=Do It Yourself(自己动手)、VIP=Very Important Person(贵宾)、GPS=Global Positioning System(全球定位系统) 字母大小写,读成一个词 保留原短语核心语义,正式简洁 NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization(北约)、TOEFL=Test of English as a Foreign Language(托福)、laser=lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation(激光) 注意事项: 1. 截短法的语义保留:截短词需完全保留原词语义(如 “ad”=“advertisement”,语义一致),不可改变原词核心含义; 2. 混合法的拼写规则:混合词多为连写形式(如 brunch),不可拆分(错误:br unch;正确:brunch); 3. 缩略法的读音规则:字母大写类缩略词读单个字母(如 UN 读作 “U-N”),大小写类缩略词读成一个词(如 NATO 读作 “ˈneɪtəʊ”),不可混淆读音方式。 【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. I saw an ________ (advertisement) on TV about a new brand of shampoo and decided to try it. 2. We usually have ________ (breakfast + lunch) at around 11 o'clock on weekends when we get up late. 3. ________ (United Nations) plays an important role in maintaining world peace and promoting international cooperation. 4. She has a ________ (refrigerator) in her kitchen to keep food fresh for a long time. 5. Many people like to ________ (web + log) their daily life and share interesting stories with others online. 一、语法填空:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The peaceful ________ (unite) of different ethnic groups forms the foundation of social stability. 2. The volunteer activity turned out to be ________ great ________ (achieve), touching thousands of local residents. 3. Many writers describe the way ancient farmers ________ (product) food without modern machines. 4. The sports meeting offers teenagers chances to join in ball games and ________ (compete) on the track field. 5. The coach gave him the ________ (decide), and he chose to take part in the national competition. 6. With the rapid ________(develop) of green energy, air pollution has been greatly reduced. 7. All the team members will put their efforts into ________ (create) a warm classroom environment. 8. Yoga brings emotional ________ (calm) and strong physical strength to people of all ages. 9. The view of mountain lakes at dawn is ________ (forget) — I still recall it clearly after years. 10. Don’t let stress stop you from ________ (act) for your dreams and long-term goals. 11. I truly respect those whose ________ (honest) and patience win trust from everyone around them. 12. Visitors admire the village’s fresh air, peaceful lifestyle and perfect ________ (combine) of tradition and modernity. 13. The documentary raised public ________ (conscious) of protecting wild endangered animals. 14. Study on plant cell structures has created ________ (produce) materials for biodegradable packaging bags. 15. It’s ________ (polite) to cut in line when you wait for public transport. Passage 1 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 1 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and 2 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to 3 Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication 4 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 5 (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items 6 what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 7 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 8 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before 9 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 10 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. Passage 3 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My first time doing tai chi For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain 1 (entire) in one spot to warm up. Angela, a tai chi 2 (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. “Your mind 3 body go together. That’s all that matters.” Although not a morning person, I begin my lesson with Angela and about twenty others at a Sydney community centre courtyard at 7 am. “Put your 4 (foot) parallel (平行), and use your dan tian to hold up your body,” she says. In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I 5 (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. We move on to tai chi positions, of 6 there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. The movements have 7 (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.” During most of the class, we follow Angela and concentrate on making tiny, isolated (单独) movements. Then, Angela gets us to try the nine movements on our own. I keep my eyes 8 a woman to my right and try to copy her movements, but unfortunately I soon lose focus. At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still 9 (be) early at 8 am. It’s time for my dan tian 10 (meet) another life force: coffee. Passage 4 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 12 / 15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

第1讲 构词法-核心语法 重难点专项突破 2027年高考英语一轮复习(全国通用)
1
第1讲 构词法-核心语法 重难点专项突破 2027年高考英语一轮复习(全国通用)
2
第1讲 构词法-核心语法 重难点专项突破 2027年高考英语一轮复习(全国通用)
3
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。