高考词汇变形记-6、名词后缀–ty,-y,-ship,-dom 专练-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦名词后缀-ty/-y/-ship/-dom系统训练，通过“规则-词例-应用”三层架构实现派生规律的精准掌握，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |后缀讲解|4类后缀+12组词例|适用对象+内在含义+变化细则（直接添加/特殊变形）|从构词规则到词例验证，建立“形容词/动词→名词”派生逻辑| |跟踪训练|10道语法填空|基于后缀规则的词性转换应用|直接对接高考语法填空考点，强化规则迁移能力| |基础训练|25道综合题（含辨析/填空/短语）|语境中派生名词的辨析与运用|从单一规则到综合语境，提升语言运用的思维层次|

高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 6、名词后缀–ty,-y,-ship,-dom 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀–ty 1. 适用对象：加在形容词之后或与某些形容词后缀互为“反转型后缀”。 2. 内在含义：表示特性或状况。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加在形容词之后 形容词 名词 中文含义 形容词 名词 中文含义 safe safety 安全 cruel cruelty 残酷 certain certainty 确实 novel novelty 新颖性 uncertain uncertainty 不确定性 loyal loyalty 忠诚 (2) 以-t结尾的形容词，则只需加-y 形容词 名词 中文含义 形容词 名词 中文含义 honest honesty 诚实 dishonest dishonesty 不诚实 difficult difficulty 困难 modest modesty 谦虚 (3) 复杂变化 名词性后缀-iety与 形容词后缀-ious互变 anxious anxiety 焦虑 various variety 多样性 名词性后缀-iety与形容词后缀-ial互变 social society 社会 名词性后缀-ty与形容词后缀-al互变 liberal liberty 自由 特殊变化 poor poverty 贫穷 二、名词性后缀–y (-ary /-ery / -iry / -ory / -ury) 1. 适用对象：加在动词、名词或同形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程、结果、技艺或场所。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： (1) 以-er结尾的动词只需加-y: 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 recover recovery 康复 deliver delivery 发送 discover discovery 发现 (2) 以-e结尾的词加-ry 根词 派生名词 中文含义 根词 派生名词 中文含义 nurse护理 nursery 托儿所 slave苦干 slavery 奴隶制 bake烘焙 bakery 面包房 brave勇敢 bravery 勇气 (3) 以-re结尾的动词变名词时只需改e为y 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 injure injury 伤情 enquire enquiry 咨询 (4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词变为名词时，双写辅音字母再加-ery或-ary 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 rob robbery 抢劫 sum summary 摘要 三、名词性后缀–ship 1. 适用对象：加在名词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示关系、资格、地位、品质、技艺等。 3. 变化规则及词例荟萃: 直接加在名词之后 名词 派生名词 中文含义 名词 派生名词 中文含义 relation relationship 关系 citizen citizenship 公民权 friend friendship 友谊 owner ownership 所有权 fellow fellowship 交情 leader leadership 领导地位 partner partnership 合伙人关系 horseman horsemanship 骑士精神 member membership 会员资格 sportsman sportsmanship 体育精神 scholar scholarship 奖学金 craftsman craftsmanship 工匠精神 四、名词性后缀-dom 1. 适用对象：加在形容词或名词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示状态或领域。 3. 变化规则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加-dom 根词 派生词 中文含义 根词 派生词 中文含义 free freedom 自由 king kingdom 王国 bore boredom 厌倦 根词 派生词 中文含义 wise wisdom 智慧 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.I doubt the ___________(wise) of allowing a teenager to drive alone. 2.I should avoid claiming close___________(friend) with all celebrities, as it comes across like I'm using their fame to boost myself. 3.France and Britain maintain a strong ____________(relation) built on mutual trust and cooperation. 4.The surviving passengers escaped without serious __________(injure). 5.The soldier was mentioned in a report for his ____________(braver). 6.He received the award in Physics for his some groundbreaking____________ (discovery) in 1985. 7.A diverse selection of mushroom ________________(variety) is currently available in the market. 8.The two youths declined to testify this afternoon, citing______________( safe) concerns as their primary motivation. 9.His physicians estimated his_______________(recover) probability to be under 0.2 percent. 10.World Bank data reveals that over two-fifths of Brazil's population survives in extreme _______________(poor). 1.wisdom 2.friendships 3.relationship;cooperation 4;injury 5.bravery 6.discoveries 7.varieties 8.safety 9.recovery 10.poverty 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.--Can you tell me how much a day return is for Manchester with a student card？ --The next train is 46pounds but it's a none-stop one and there is no ________. A.reduction B.decline C.decrease D.drop 2.Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new,but actually it's more than that-it's an attitude of doing things. A.imitation B.imagination C.innovation D.inspiration 3.Despite the knowledge he has accumulated,He Jiang continues to be troubled by the question of the unequal_______ of scientific knowledge throughout the world. A.advocate B.distribution C.allocation D.division 4.He didn't take all the ________ he deserved for the show's success because it was a team effort. A.measures B.blame C.credit D.status 5.Many people see the use of"dama"as _________that the more advanced a country becomes,the more influential its language is. A.evidence B.balance C.reference D.preference 6.Mary didn't get the promotion she was expecting,but she put on ______and went to the office party. A.the last straw B.a brave face C.a tower of strength D.a ray of sunshine 7.Some schools,including ours,will have to make in agreement with the national soccer reform. A.amusements B.adjustments C.appointments D.achievements 8.As a result,our country has strengthened _______to protect wildlife. A.rate B.regulation C.assessment D.assistance 9.We should strengthen international counter-corruption __________so that the Belt and Road will be a road with high ethical standards. A.cooperation B.division C.imitation D.evolution 10.Years ago,Beijing adopted an emergency _______ program for air pollution. A.behavior B.action C.response D.situation 11.You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . A.purpose B.reference C.memory D.assessment 12.-What are your ________? -Doctor,my arm hurts and my back hurts. A.properties B.responses C.symptoms D.reflections 13.For the final of our journey,we decided to take the coach. A.leg B.round C.distance D.path 14.-What does the boss think about, it is impossible to finish the work in a day! -Calm down.After all,he is the . A.top banana B.cool cucumber C.tough cookie D.bad apple 15.I have read the noel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen,but I prefer the film ________. A.origin B.routine C.version D.comment 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.C 二、单句语法填空题 1.Canada is also one of the most (ethnic) diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures. 2These criteria show that we are global citizens interested in world stability that we are responsible for others. 3.We must encourage the planting of new trees and be devoted to (preserve) our existing woodlands. 4.Chen Wei had his dinner (interrupt) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 5. As is known to all, interest is vital __________ the success of one’s career. 6. __________(judge) from her clothes, she’s pretty rich and well-educated. 7. And the biggest whale shark can grow to a __________(long) of twenty meters. 8.If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when __________(give) first aid care. 9. Columbus insisted ___________ finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 10. It comes __________ no surprise to learn that they broke their promises. 11.__________ contrast, when we are diligently focused, our attention tends to be towards the details of the problems we are trying to solve. 12. __________(occupy)herself with routine office tasks, she had little time to attend to her children. 13.Fully __________(occupy) with my daily work, I don’t have enough time with my kids. 14.Their efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, ___________(expose) foreign people to Chinese culture. 15.A fire ____ (occur) in the old building near our house, but fortunately no one was hurt. 16.Tom, (absorb) in his thought, walked right past his friend. 17.She likes reading all kinds of books, but she has a special fondness for mystery novels particular. 18.He took it granted that he would be given the job as a managing director. 19.As far as I am concerned, some extent, what she has said is true. 20.There are nineteen people waiting for the dentist in front of me. I’m the (twenty). 1.ethnically 2.and 3.preserving 4.interrupted 5.to 6.Judging 7.length 8.giving 9.on 10.as 11.In 12.Occupying 13.occupied 14.exposing 15.occurred 16.absorbed17.in 18.for 19.to 20.twentieth 三、短语填空 to the point; in effect; live up to; in defense of; in one’s place; once and for all；abandon oneself to; have one’s feet on the ground; keep one’s eyes on; browse through 1.Instead of________________________the expectations of others,what we should do is asking ourselves what we really want. 2.He____________________despair after his house was washed away. 3.We should always _________________________when making plans for the future. 4.It was a book I ______________________when I was a kid in the bookstore. 5.Let’s come back ____________________at issue. 6.One must apply oneself to the present and ______________________firmly fixed __________________ one’s future goals. 7.It was,_______________,an outdoor shopping mall. 8.Let’s settle this matter_______________________. 9.He was unable to come to the ceremony,but he sent his son to accept the award _________________________. 10.He gave his life ______________________his country. 1.living up to 2.abandoned himself to 3.have our feet on the ground 4.browsed through 5.to the point 6.keep one’s eyes;on 7.in effect 8.once and for all 9.in his place 10.in defense of 能力提升 一、阅读理解 They now call it “Batesian mimicry” — the amazing skill for survival I first saw in the whispering green of the Amazon. I am Henry Walter Bates. My story began not with butterflies, but as the eldest son of a stocking (长袜) maker in Leicester. Yet, a boy’s passion for collecting insects and an important meeting with Alfred Russel Wallace, Darwin’s future co-theorist, sent me toward what he called “the great engine of change” in the tropics. For eleven years, the Amazon was my home, my school, and my proving ground. I faced constant dangers, from disease-carrying mosquitoes and snakes to flooding rains. I was struck down by both yellow fever and malaria. My routine was strict: mornings collecting, afternoons reading and preparing my finds. I was usually in bed by nine. My field journals, filled with detailed drawings and notes in dark ink, were my defense against the dampness and insects. I learned the local languages and customs, for without the crucial guidance of its people, I would have been completely lost in that vast wilderness. It was a time of extraordinary variety. I brought back over 14000 kinds of insects — 8,000 new to science. But the real wonder was not the count, but a pattern I noticed. It started with a puzzle: why could slow-flying butterflies like the Heliconius escape birds? Later I discovered they were poisonous and bitter-tasting. Then the deeper truth emerged: harmless Dismorphia had evolved to copy the bright warning colours of the Heliconius. These mimics, avoided by their natural enemies, survived to pass on their colours. Here was evolution by natural selection, written plainly on butterfly wings. I published my paper in 1862, three years after Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. That this “mimicry”, discovered in remote jungles, could offer timely field support for his great theory remains my proudest achievement. They say I “wrote the book” on field study. I simply followed my fascination, one find at a time, from my father’s Leicester workshop into the heart of nature’s grandest design. 1.Who was Henry Walter Bates? A.A stocking maker from Leicester. B. Darwin’s co-theorist on evolution. C. A scientist who studied insects. D. A writer documenting tropical life. 2.What did Bates consider was essential to his life and work in the Amazon? A. Keeping a strict daily schedule. B. Getting assistance from the locals. C. Collecting and studying samples. D. Staying healthy in the rainforest. 3.What was the pattern Bates discovered? A. Birds avoided eating bitter-tasting insects. B. Slow-flying butterflies escaped birds’ attack. C. The bright colours of butterflies signalled danger. D. Harmless species copied the look of poisonous ones. 4.Which of the following best describes Bates? A.Brave and passionate. B. Strict and humble. C. Ambitious and sociable. D. Independent and proud. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍昆虫学家亨利·沃尔特·贝茨在亚马逊的研究经历，发现贝氏拟态并为进化论提供重要实地证据。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I am Henry Walter Bates. My story began not with butterflies, but as the eldest son of a stocking (长袜) maker in Leicester. Yet, a boy’s passion for collecting insects and an important meeting with Alfred Russel Wallace, Darwin’s future co-theorist, sent me toward what he called “the great engine of change” in the tropics. (我是亨利·沃尔特·贝茨。我的故事并非始于蝴蝶，而是作为莱斯特一名长袜制造商的长子开始的。然而，一个男孩对收集昆虫的热情，以及与达尔文未来的共同理论家阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士的重要会面，使我走向了他所说的热带地区的“伟大变革引擎”。)”可知，亨利·沃尔特·贝茨是一位研究昆虫的科学家。故选C项。 【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I learned the local languages and customs, for without the crucial guidance of its people, I would have been completely lost in that vast wilderness.(我学习了当地的语言和习俗，要是没有当地人的关键指导，我在那片广袤的荒野中会完全迷失方向。)”可知，贝茨认为在亚马逊的生活和工作中，得到当地人的帮助是至关重要的。故选B项。 【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Later I discovered they were poisonous and bitter-tasting. Then the deeper truth emerged: harmless Dismorphia had evolved to copy the bright warning colours of the Heliconius.(后来我发现它们有毒且味道苦涩。随后更深层次的真相显现出来：无害的粉蝶进化出了模仿长翅蝶鲜艳警告色的能力。)”可知，贝茨发现的模式是无害物种模仿有毒物种的外观。故选D项。 【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For eleven years, the Amazon was my home, my school, and my proving ground. I faced constant dangers, from disease-carrying mosquitoes and snakes to flooding rains.(十一年来，亚马逊是我的家、我的学校和我的试验场。我不断面临危险，从携带疾病的蚊子、蛇到倾盆大雨。)”和第一段中的“Yet, a boy’s passion for collecting insects and an important meeting with Alfred Russel Wallace, Darwin’s future co-theorist, sent me toward what he called “the great engine of change” in the tropics. (然而，一个男孩对收集昆虫的热爱，以及与达尔文后来的理论合作者阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士的一次重要会面，将他引向了热带地区那被他称为“伟大的变革动力”的事物。)”以及最后一段中的“I simply followed my fascination, one find at a time, from my father’s Leicester workshop into the heart of nature’s grandest design. (我只是追随自己的热爱，一次一点地发现，从父亲在莱斯特的工作室，一步步走进大自然最宏伟设计的核心。)”可知，贝茨勇敢且充满热情。故选A项。 二、读后续写 Andy stared at the white envelope on his desk. The Student Affairs Office logo in the corner made his stomach sink. He opened it slowly. Health and Safety Warning. Fine(罚款): $300. Three hundred dollars — his entire summer earnings, meant for books and a winter coat. Now gone, all because of a messy room! Andy was a quiet international student who kept his side of the dorm perfectly organized. For him, neatness brought calm and control. His roommate, Eric, was the opposite: he lived in what could only be described as a happy mess. Clothes piled on his chair, empty snack bags collected on the floor, and the shared waste bin always overflowed. But Eric was kind — he’d shown Andy around campus, helped with his homework, and lifted his spirits when he was homesick. Andy was grateful. He never complained. He didn’t want to start a fight. So, he’d sigh and quietly take out the garbage, thinking it was a small price for such a good friend. But he’d been home for two weeks — and returned to this. Now. holding the letter, he felt it was a big mistake. “I’ve been cleaning up his mess, and I get fined too?” he thought in frustration. This wasn’t fair. His usual “avoid trouble” plan had failed. Just then, the door flew open. “Andy! You won’t believe the game today...” Eric’s energetic entry stopped short. “Whoa. You look pale as a sheet. What’s wrong?” Without a word, Andy held out the warning letter. Eric took it, his smile fading as he read. “Oh, no. A fine? Three hundred? I’m... I’m really sorry.” He looked from the letter to the pile of pizza boxes in the corner, which he’d meant to throw out for days, then to Andy’s spotless desk. Real guilt washed over his face. “I’ve been completely careless about this. I’m sorry Andy...” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “It’s okay,” Andy said quietly, “but let’s clean it together now.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ They both knew that one-time cleaning was not enough — they needed rules. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： “It’s okay,” Andy said quietly, “but let’s clean it together now.”Eric nodded firmly, guilt written all over his face. “You’re right. It’s my mess, and I’ll take full responsibility.” They rolled up their sleeves and got to work. Eric collected the overflowing trash while Andy organized the shared desk space. As they cleaned, Eric kept saying sorry, promising he would change. Seeing Eric’s sincerity, Andy felt some of his frustration disappear. By the time they finished, the room looked spotless. Eric sat on his now-clean bed and sighed, ‘I never realized how much my habits were affecting you. Thanks for not just kicking me out.” They both knew that one-time cleaning was not enough -- they needed rules.Eric suggested they create a simple roommate agreement. “How about this?” he proposed. “I’ll take out the trash every Friday, and I promise to keep my clothes off the floor. If I break the rules, I’ll pay you double the fine next time.” Andy smiled for the first time that day. “Deal,” he said, extending his hand. “And I promise to speak up if something bothers me instead of bottling it up.” They shook hands, feeling a renewed sense of trust. That night, they even ordered pizza together, but this time, Eric made sure the boxes went straight to the bin. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了国际学生Andy因室友Eric房间脏乱收到300美元罚款通知，这是他暑假全部收入。Andy一向整洁且常帮Eric收拾，此次回家两周后返回却遭此无妄之灾。Eric得知后深感愧疚并道歉。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘没关系的，’Andy轻声说道，‘不过咱们现在一起把它清理干净吧。’可知，第一段可描写两个人一起彻底打扫房间卫生的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“他们俩都明白，一次性的清洁是不够的——他们还需要制定一些规则。”可知，第二段可描写他们两人一起制定卫生规则，分担责任，共同维护房间整洁。 2.续写线索：Eric道歉——共同打扫——制定规则——承诺——原谅——友好相处 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①收集：collect /gather/assemble ②道歉：say sorry/apologize/make an apology ③消失：disappear/melt away/lift/fade away 情绪类 ①羞愧，愧疚：guilt/shame/humiliation/regret ②沮丧：frustration/discouragement/depression 【点睛】 [高分句型1].Eric nodded firmly, guilt written all over his face. （运用了“名词+过去分词”的独立主格结构） [高分句型2].As they cleaned, Eric kept saying sorry, promising he would change.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句及现在分词作状语） [高分句型3]. “Deal,” he said, extending his hand.（运用了现在分词作伴随状语） 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 6、名词后缀–ty,-y,-ship,-dom 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀–ty 1. 适用对象：加在形容词之后或与某些形容词后缀互为“反转型后缀”。 2. 内在含义：表示特性或状况。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加在形容词之后 形容词 名词 中文含义 形容词 名词 中文含义 safe safety 安全 cruel cruelty 残酷 certain certainty 确实 novel novelty 新颖性 uncertain uncertainty 不确定性 loyal loyalty 忠诚 (2) 以-t结尾的形容词，则只需加-y 形容词 名词 中文含义 形容词 名词 中文含义 honest honesty 诚实 dishonest dishonesty 不诚实 difficult difficulty 困难 modest modesty 谦虚 (3) 复杂变化 名词性后缀-iety与 形容词后缀-ious互变 anxious anxiety 焦虑 various variety 多样性 名词性后缀-iety与形容词后缀-ial互变 social society 社会 名词性后缀-ty与形容词后缀-al互变 liberal liberty 自由 特殊变化 poor poverty 贫穷 二、名词性后缀–y (-ary /-ery / -iry / -ory / -ury) 1. 适用对象：加在动词、名词或同形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程、结果、技艺或场所。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： (1) 以-er结尾的动词只需加-y: 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 recover recovery 康复 deliver delivery 发送 discover discovery 发现 (2) 以-e结尾的词加-ry 根词 派生名词 中文含义 根词 派生名词 中文含义 nurse护理 nursery 托儿所 slave苦干 slavery 奴隶制 bake烘焙 bakery 面包房 brave勇敢 bravery 勇气 (3) 以-re结尾的动词变名词时只需改e为y 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 injure injury 伤情 enquire enquiry 咨询 (4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词变为名词时，双写辅音字母再加-ery或-ary 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 rob robbery 抢劫 sum summary 摘要 三、名词性后缀–ship 1. 适用对象：加在名词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示关系、资格、地位、品质、技艺等。 3. 变化规则及词例荟萃: 直接加在名词之后 名词 派生名词 中文含义 名词 派生名词 中文含义 relation relationship 关系 citizen citizenship 公民权 friend friendship 友谊 owner ownership 所有权 fellow fellowship 交情 leader leadership 领导地位 partner partnership 合伙人关系 horseman horsemanship 骑士精神 member membership 会员资格 sportsman sportsmanship 体育精神 scholar scholarship 奖学金 craftsman craftsmanship 工匠精神 四、名词性后缀-dom 1. 适用对象：加在形容词或名词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示状态或领域。 3. 变化规则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加-dom 根词 派生词 中文含义 根词 派生词 中文含义 free freedom 自由 king kingdom 王国 bore boredom 厌倦 根词 派生词 中文含义 wise wisdom 智慧 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.I doubt the ___________(wise) of allowing a teenager to drive alone. 2.I should avoid claiming close___________(friend) with all celebrities, as it comes across like I'm using their fame to boost myself. 3.France and Britain maintain a strong ____________(relation) built on mutual trust and cooperation. 4.The surviving passengers escaped without serious __________(injure). 5.The soldier was mentioned in a report for his ____________(braver). 6.He received the award in Physics for his some groundbreaking____________ (discovery) in 1985. 7.A diverse selection of mushroom ________________(variety) is currently available in the market. 8.The two youths declined to testify this afternoon, citing______________( safe) concerns as their primary motivation. 9.His physicians estimated his_______________(recover) probability to be under 0.2 percent. 10.World Bank data reveals that over two-fifths of Brazil's population survives in extreme _______________(poor). 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.--Can you tell me how much a day return is for Manchester with a student card？ --The next train is 46pounds but it's a none-stop one and there is no ________. A.reduction B.decline C.decrease D.drop 2.Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new,but actually it's more than that-it's an attitude of doing things. A.imitation B.imagination C.innovation D.inspiration 3.Despite the knowledge he has accumulated,He Jiang continues to be troubled by the question of the unequal_______ of scientific knowledge throughout the world. A.advocate B.distribution C.allocation D.division 4.He didn't take all the ________ he deserved for the show's success because it was a team effort. A.measures B.blame C.credit D.status 5.Many people see the use of"dama"as _________that the more advanced a country becomes,the more influential its language is. A.evidence B.balance C.reference D.preference 6.Mary didn't get the promotion she was expecting,but she put on ______and went to the office party. A.the last straw B.a brave face C.a tower of strength D.a ray of sunshine 7.Some schools,including ours,will have to make in agreement with the national soccer reform. A.amusements B.adjustments C.appointments D.achievements 8.As a result,our country has strengthened _______to protect wildlife. A.rate B.regulation C.assessment D.assistance 9.We should strengthen international counter-corruption __________so that the Belt and Road will be a road with high ethical standards. A.cooperation B.division C.imitation D.evolution 10.Years ago,Beijing adopted an emergency _______ program for air pollution. A.behavior B.action C.response D.situation 11.You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . A.purpose B.reference C.memory D.assessment 12.-What are your ________? -Doctor,my arm hurts and my back hurts. A.properties B.responses C.symptoms D.reflections 13.For the final of our journey,we decided to take the coach. A.leg B.round C.distance D.path 14.-What does the boss think about, it is impossible to finish the work in a day! -Calm down.After all,he is the . A.top banana B.cool cucumber C.tough cookie D.bad apple 15.I have read the noel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen,but I prefer the film ________. A.origin B.routine C.version D.comment 二、单句语法填空题 1.Canada is also one of the most (ethnic) diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures. 2These criteria show that we are global citizens interested in world stability that we are responsible for others. 3.We must encourage the planting of new trees and be devoted to (preserve) our existing woodlands. 4.Chen Wei had his dinner (interrupt) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 5. As is known to all, interest is vital __________ the success of one’s career. 6. __________(judge) from her clothes, she’s pretty rich and well-educated. 7. And the biggest whale shark can grow to a __________(long) of twenty meters. 8.If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when __________(give) first aid care. 9. Columbus insisted ___________ finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 10. It comes __________ no surprise to learn that they broke their promises. 11.__________ contrast, when we are diligently focused, our attention tends to be towards the details of the problems we are trying to solve. 12. __________(occupy)herself with routine office tasks, she had little time to attend to her children. 13.Fully __________(occupy) with my daily work, I don’t have enough time with my kids. 14.Their efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, ___________(expose) foreign people to Chinese culture. 15.A fire ____ (occur) in the old building near our house, but fortunately no one was hurt. 16.Tom, (absorb) in his thought, walked right past his friend. 17.She likes reading all kinds of books, but she has a special fondness for mystery novels particular. 18.He took it granted that he would be given the job as a managing director. 19.As far as I am concerned, some extent, what she has said is true. 20.There are nineteen people waiting for the dentist in front of me. I’m the (twenty). 三、短语填空 to the point; in effect; live up to; in defense of; in one’s place; once and for all；abandon oneself to; have one’s feet on the ground; keep one’s eyes on; browse through 1.Instead of________________________the expectations of others,what we should do is asking ourselves what we really want. 2.He____________________despair after his house was washed away. 3.We should always _________________________when making plans for the future. 4.It was a book I ______________________when I was a kid in the bookstore. 5.Let’s come back ____________________at issue. 6.One must apply oneself to the present and ______________________firmly fixed __________________ one’s future goals. 7.It was,_______________,an outdoor shopping mall. 8.Let’s settle this matter_______________________. 9.He was unable to come to the ceremony,but he sent his son to accept the award _________________________. 10.He gave his life ______________________his country. 能力提升 一、阅读理解 They now call it “Batesian mimicry” — the amazing skill for survival I first saw in the whispering green of the Amazon. I am Henry Walter Bates. My story began not with butterflies, but as the eldest son of a stocking (长袜) maker in Leicester. Yet, a boy’s passion for collecting insects and an important meeting with Alfred Russel Wallace, Darwin’s future co-theorist, sent me toward what he called “the great engine of change” in the tropics. For eleven years, the Amazon was my home, my school, and my proving ground. I faced constant dangers, from disease-carrying mosquitoes and snakes to flooding rains. I was struck down by both yellow fever and malaria. My routine was strict: mornings collecting, afternoons reading and preparing my finds. I was usually in bed by nine. My field journals, filled with detailed drawings and notes in dark ink, were my defense against the dampness and insects. I learned the local languages and customs, for without the crucial guidance of its people, I would have been completely lost in that vast wilderness. It was a time of extraordinary variety. I brought back over 14000 kinds of insects — 8,000 new to science. But the real wonder was not the count, but a pattern I noticed. It started with a puzzle: why could slow-flying butterflies like the Heliconius escape birds? Later I discovered they were poisonous and bitter-tasting. Then the deeper truth emerged: harmless Dismorphia had evolved to copy the bright warning colours of the Heliconius. These mimics, avoided by their natural enemies, survived to pass on their colours. Here was evolution by natural selection, written plainly on butterfly wings. I published my paper in 1862, three years after Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. That this “mimicry”, discovered in remote jungles, could offer timely field support for his great theory remains my proudest achievement. They say I “wrote the book” on field study. I simply followed my fascination, one find at a time, from my father’s Leicester workshop into the heart of nature’s grandest design. 1.Who was Henry Walter Bates? A.A stocking maker from Leicester. B. Darwin’s co-theorist on evolution. C. A scientist who studied insects. D. A writer documenting tropical life. 2.What did Bates consider was essential to his life and work in the Amazon? A. Keeping a strict daily schedule. B. Getting assistance from the locals. C. Collecting and studying samples. D. Staying healthy in the rainforest. 3.What was the pattern Bates discovered? A. Birds avoided eating bitter-tasting insects. B. Slow-flying butterflies escaped birds’ attack. C. The bright colours of butterflies signalled danger. D. Harmless species copied the look of poisonous ones. 4.Which of the following best describes Bates? A.Brave and passionate. B. Strict and humble. C. Ambitious and sociable. D. Independent and proud. 二、读后续写 Andy stared at the white envelope on his desk. The Student Affairs Office logo in the corner made his stomach sink. He opened it slowly. Health and Safety Warning. Fine(罚款): $300. Three hundred dollars — his entire summer earnings, meant for books and a winter coat. Now gone, all because of a messy room! Andy was a quiet international student who kept his side of the dorm perfectly organized. For him, neatness brought calm and control. His roommate, Eric, was the opposite: he lived in what could only be described as a happy mess. Clothes piled on his chair, empty snack bags collected on the floor, and the shared waste bin always overflowed. But Eric was kind — he’d shown Andy around campus, helped with his homework, and lifted his spirits when he was homesick. Andy was grateful. He never complained. He didn’t want to start a fight. So, he’d sigh and quietly take out the garbage, thinking it was a small price for such a good friend. But he’d been home for two weeks — and returned to this. Now. holding the letter, he felt it was a big mistake. “I’ve been cleaning up his mess, and I get fined too?” he thought in frustration. This wasn’t fair. His usual “avoid trouble” plan had failed. Just then, the door flew open. “Andy! You won’t believe the game today...” Eric’s energetic entry stopped short. “Whoa. You look pale as a sheet. What’s wrong?” Without a word, Andy held out the warning letter. Eric took it, his smile fading as he read. “Oh, no. A fine? Three hundred? I’m... I’m really sorry.” He looked from the letter to the pile of pizza boxes in the corner, which he’d meant to throw out for days, then to Andy’s spotless desk. Real guilt washed over his face. “I’ve been completely careless about this. I’m sorry Andy...” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “It’s okay,” Andy said quietly, “but let’s clean it together now.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ They both knew that one-time cleaning was not enough — they needed rules. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $