新课12 必修第一册Unit 6 At one with nature（语法+写作预习讲义）（外研版）英语初升高衔接

Unit 6 At one with nature 目录 单元语法：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 写作聚焦：写作指导、应用文（演讲稿） 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 基本结构 介词 + 关系代词（which/whom/whose）+ 定语从句（修饰先行词） 注：关系代词不可用 that 或 who，whose 前可接介词，也可省略介词直接引导 关系代词选择 - which：先行词为物时使用 - whom：先行词为人时使用 - whose：表示 “…… 的”，既可指人也可指物，结构为 “介词 + whose + 名词” 介词的确定依据 1. 与定语从句中的动词构成固定搭配（如 depend on, talk about） 2. 与先行词构成固定搭配（如 the key to, the way of） 3. 根据定语从句的意思确定（如表示 “在…… 方面” 用 in，“关于” 用 about 等） 例句示例 - 先行词为物（which）：This is the house in which I lived last year.（这是我去年住过的房子，live in 为固定搭配） - 先行词为人（whom）：The man with whom she talked is my teacher.（和她说话的人是我的老师，talk with 为固定搭配） - 表所属（whose）：He has a friend in whose house we can stay.（他有个朋友，我们可以住在他家） 注意事项 1. 介词可置于句末，此时关系代词可用 that（指物）或 who/whom（指人），也可省略：This is the house (that/which) I lived in last year. 2. 某些固定动词短语中的介词不可提前，如 look after, take care of 等：This is the baby (whom) she is looking after.（不可说 This is the baby after whom she is looking.） 一、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 二、关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 写作聚焦 一、写作方法指导 体裁：演讲稿 / 倡议书 (Speech / Proposal) 核心任务：就环保话题（如绿色生活、气候变化）发表演讲。 写作逻辑： 1. 称呼与开场 (Salutation & Hook)：尊敬的听众，使用问句或惊人数据吸引注意力。 2. 问题呈现 (Problem)：描述环境问题的严重性（结合状语从句表达因果/条件）。 3. 解决方案 (Solutions)：提出具体的绿色生活方式建议。 4. 愿景与结尾 (Vision & Closing)：描绘美好未来，发出强烈呼吁，致谢。 修辞技巧：排比、反问、引用名言。 二、写作素材 一）、常用短语 1. global warming 全球变暖 2. low-carbon life 低碳生活 3. public transportation 公共交通 4. sort garbage / waste classification 垃圾分类 5. save energy 节约能源 6. reduce, reuse, recycle 减量、复用、回收 7. make contributions to... 为……做贡献 8. sustainable development 可持续发展 9. environmental protection 环境保护 10. take responsibility for... 对……负责 二）、常用句式 1. Have you ever noticed that the sky is not as blue as before? 你是否注意到天空不再像以前那样蓝？（反问句开场） 2. If we don't take action now, we will suffer from severe climate changes in the future. 如果我们现在不采取行动，未来我们将遭受严重的气候变化。（条件状语从句） 3. Small changes in our daily life can make a big difference to the earth. 日常生活中的小改变能对地球产生巨大影响。 4. Only by working together can we build a green and beautiful home. 只有共同努力，我们才能建设绿色美丽的家园。（倒装句） 5. Let's start from ourselves and start from today. 让我们从自己做起，从今天做起。 三、典例剖析 题目：假定你是李华，将在学校“地球日”活动中发表题为 "Green Life, Better Future" 的演讲。请写出演讲稿正文。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 第一步 审题谋篇 · 体裁：演讲稿 · 对象：全校师生 · 时态：一般现在时为主，将来时用于展望 · 框架： · Greeting: Dear teachers and students... · Intro: Importance of environment. · Body: Problems (pollution) -> Solutions (3Rs, transport). · Conclusion: Call to action. 第二步 要点翻译与词句升级 1. 原句：环境污染很严重。 升级：Environmental pollution has become a serious threat to our survival. 2. 原句：我们可以骑自行车去学校。 升级：Why not choose public transportation or cycling to school instead of driving? 3. 原句：如果每个人都努力，世界会变好。 升级：If everyone makes an effort, our world will become a better place. 第三步 连句成篇 (Model Speech) Good morning, everyone! Today, I’m honored to speak here on the topic "Green Life, Better Future". As we all know, the earth is suffering from global warming and pollution. If we continue to ignore these problems, we will lose our beautiful home. Therefore, it is urgent for us to take action. We can start with small things. Firstly, practice waste classification and try to recycle. Secondly, save energy by turning off lights when leaving rooms. Thirdly, choose low-carbon travel methods like walking or taking buses. Remember, small actions add up. Let’s take responsibility for our planet and create a greener future together! Thank you! 学以致用 一、语法填空 1．They visited an ancient museum people can learn about the development of local culture. (定语从句) (用适当的词填空) 2．I wanted to reach out to and connect with somebody I had something in common. (用 “介词+关系代词”填空) 3．The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food they would have died of hunger or cold. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 4．But so far that is only true for the specific tasks the systems have been designed. (用 “介词+关系代词”填空) 5．This is the room I lived last year. (用适当的词填空) 6．The zoo will launch an educational program visitors can learn how to protect wild animals. (用适当的词填空) 7．The pen, the famous writer created many great works, is now kept in a museum.(用介词+关系代词填空) 8．The girl my mother bought a dress is my cousin.(用介词+关系代词填空) 9．The book our teacher talked in class is written by a famous writer.(用介词+关系代词填空) 10．I don’t know the reason he refused the invitation to the party. (用介词+关系代词填空) 二．句子翻译 1．他工作的工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。 The factory is the largest one in this city. 2．这是我花了50元买的那本书。 This is the book . 3．好朋友就是你能与之分享快乐和悲伤的人。 A good friend is someone . 4．The gentleman is a friend of my father. 你昨天告诉我的那个绅士是我爸爸的一个朋友。 5．Many countries are now setting up national parks . 许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。 三、写作训练 假定你是李华，上周你和同学一起去郊外徒步，亲近自然。请写一篇短文介绍这次经历。 内容要求： 1. 交代时间、地点、同行人员； 2. 描写沿途自然景色（蓝天、绿树、鸟鸣、清风）； 3. 表达你的感受与收获。 词数：80 左右 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 At one with nature 目录 单元语法：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 写作聚焦：写作指导、应用文（演讲稿） 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 基本结构 介词 + 关系代词（which/whom/whose）+ 定语从句（修饰先行词） 注：关系代词不可用 that 或 who，whose 前可接介词，也可省略介词直接引导 关系代词选择 - which：先行词为物时使用 - whom：先行词为人时使用 - whose：表示 “…… 的”，既可指人也可指物，结构为 “介词 + whose + 名词” 介词的确定依据 1. 与定语从句中的动词构成固定搭配（如 depend on, talk about） 2. 与先行词构成固定搭配（如 the key to, the way of） 3. 根据定语从句的意思确定（如表示 “在…… 方面” 用 in，“关于” 用 about 等） 例句示例 - 先行词为物（which）：This is the house in which I lived last year.（这是我去年住过的房子，live in 为固定搭配） - 先行词为人（whom）：The man with whom she talked is my teacher.（和她说话的人是我的老师，talk with 为固定搭配） - 表所属（whose）：He has a friend in whose house we can stay.（他有个朋友，我们可以住在他家） 注意事项 1. 介词可置于句末，此时关系代词可用 that（指物）或 who/whom（指人），也可省略：This is the house (that/which) I lived in last year. 2. 某些固定动词短语中的介词不可提前，如 look after, take care of 等：This is the baby (whom) she is looking after.（不可说 This is the baby after whom she is looking.） 一、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 二、关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 写作聚焦 一、写作方法指导 体裁：演讲稿 / 倡议书 (Speech / Proposal) 核心任务：就环保话题（如绿色生活、气候变化）发表演讲。 写作逻辑： 1. 称呼与开场 (Salutation & Hook)：尊敬的听众，使用问句或惊人数据吸引注意力。 2. 问题呈现 (Problem)：描述环境问题的严重性（结合状语从句表达因果/条件）。 3. 解决方案 (Solutions)：提出具体的绿色生活方式建议。 4. 愿景与结尾 (Vision & Closing)：描绘美好未来，发出强烈呼吁，致谢。 修辞技巧：排比、反问、引用名言。 二、写作素材 一）、常用短语 1. global warming 全球变暖 2. low-carbon life 低碳生活 3. public transportation 公共交通 4. sort garbage / waste classification 垃圾分类 5. save energy 节约能源 6. reduce, reuse, recycle 减量、复用、回收 7. make contributions to... 为……做贡献 8. sustainable development 可持续发展 9. environmental protection 环境保护 10. take responsibility for... 对……负责 二）、常用句式 1. Have you ever noticed that the sky is not as blue as before? 你是否注意到天空不再像以前那样蓝？（反问句开场） 2. If we don't take action now, we will suffer from severe climate changes in the future. 如果我们现在不采取行动，未来我们将遭受严重的气候变化。（条件状语从句） 3. Small changes in our daily life can make a big difference to the earth. 日常生活中的小改变能对地球产生巨大影响。 4. Only by working together can we build a green and beautiful home. 只有共同努力，我们才能建设绿色美丽的家园。（倒装句） 5. Let's start from ourselves and start from today. 让我们从自己做起，从今天做起。 三、典例剖析 题目：假定你是李华，将在学校“地球日”活动中发表题为 "Green Life, Better Future" 的演讲。请写出演讲稿正文。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 第一步 审题谋篇 · 体裁：演讲稿 · 对象：全校师生 · 时态：一般现在时为主，将来时用于展望 · 框架： · Greeting: Dear teachers and students... · Intro: Importance of environment. · Body: Problems (pollution) -> Solutions (3Rs, transport). · Conclusion: Call to action. 第二步 要点翻译与词句升级 1. 原句：环境污染很严重。 升级：Environmental pollution has become a serious threat to our survival. 2. 原句：我们可以骑自行车去学校。 升级：Why not choose public transportation or cycling to school instead of driving? 3. 原句：如果每个人都努力，世界会变好。 升级：If everyone makes an effort, our world will become a better place. 第三步 连句成篇 (Model Speech) Good morning, everyone! Today, I’m honored to speak here on the topic "Green Life, Better Future". As we all know, the earth is suffering from global warming and pollution. If we continue to ignore these problems, we will lose our beautiful home. Therefore, it is urgent for us to take action. We can start with small things. Firstly, practice waste classification and try to recycle. Secondly, save energy by turning off lights when leaving rooms. Thirdly, choose low-carbon travel methods like walking or taking buses. Remember, small actions add up. Let’s take responsibility for our planet and create a greener future together! Thank you! 学以致用 一、语法填空 1．They visited an ancient museum people can learn about the development of local culture. (定语从句) (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 from/in which 【详解】句意：他们参观了一座古老的博物馆，从（在）那里人们可以了解当地文化的发展。先行词是an ancient museum，在定语从句people can learn about the development of local culture中，learn from...表示“从……学习”，此处表示从博物馆了解当地文化发展，所以用from which引导定语从句，也可以用in which 表示在博物馆里。 2．I wanted to reach out to and connect with somebody I had something in common. (用 “介词+关系代词”填空) 【答案】 with whom 【详解】句意：我想联系并结识一个与我有共同点的人。固定搭配have sth. in common with sb.“和某人有相同之处”，这里为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，第一空应用介词with，第二空为关系词，先行词是somebody，指人，关系词位于介词之后，应用关系代词whom。 3．The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food they would have died of hunger or cold. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 【答案】 without which 【详解】句意：当地农民给了士兵们衣服和食物，没有这些东西他们早就饿死或冻死了。用 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为clothes and food，根据“they would have died of hunger or cold”可知，此处是想表达，没有衣服和食物会造成的后果，“没有”用介词without，“衣服和食物”是物品，应用关系代词which指代先行词，作介词without的宾语。 4．But so far that is only true for the specific tasks the systems have been designed. (用 “介词+关系代词”填空) 【答案】 for which 【详解】句意：但到目前为止，这只适用于这些系统被设计用来处理的特定任务。空处使用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词是tasks，根据从句内容，表示“为这些任务所设计的系统”应用介词for，关系代词指代先行词作介词for的宾语，指物，应用which。 5．This is the room I lived last year. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 in which 【详解】句意：这是我去年住的房间。先行词the room表地点，从句“I lived last year”结构完整，不缺主语、宾语，缺地点状语；还原从句为“I lived in the room last year”，此处两个空对应“介词in+关系代词which”的结构。 6．The zoo will launch an educational program visitors can learn how to protect wild animals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 from which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：动物园将推出一个教育项目，游客可以从中学习如何保护野生动物。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an educational program，指物；learn from...是固定搭配，意为“从……学习”，此处需用“介词from+关系代词which”引导定语从句，which指代先行词an educational program，在从句中作from的宾语。故填①from；②which。 7．The pen, the famous writer created many great works, is now kept in a museum.(用介词+关系代词填空) 【答案】 with which 【详解】考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：这位著名作家曾用来创作许多伟大作品的那支钢笔，现在被收藏在一家博物馆里。先行词是the pen（这支钢笔），在定语从句中，the famous writer created many great works部分，根据句意，作家是“用这支钢笔”创作作品，表“用……工具”，用介词with，先行词指物，关系代词用which 。所以用with which引导定语从句修饰the pen 。故填with ；which。 8．The girl my mother bought a dress is my cousin.(用介词+关系代词填空) 【答案】 for whom 【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：我妈妈为其买了一条裙子的那个女孩是我的表妹。先行词是the girl，buy sth. for sb.是固定搭配，意为“为某人买某物”。the girl作for的宾语，关系代词为for whom。故填for；whom。 9．The book our teacher talked in class is written by a famous writer.(用介词+关系代词填空) 【答案】 about which 【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。句意：我们老师在课堂上谈到的那本书是一位著名作家写的。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the book，talk about为固定短语，意为“谈论”。the book作about的宾语，关系词指物，介词后的关系代词使用which。故填about；which。 10．I don’t know the reason he refused the invitation to the party. (用介词+关系代词填空) 【答案】 for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不知道他拒绝了参加聚会邀请的原因。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，指物，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用“介词+which”引导从句，the reason for表示“……的原因”，所以使用介词for。故填for which。 二．句子翻译 1．他工作的工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。 The factory is the largest one in this city. 【答案】in which he works 2．这是我花了50元买的那本书。 This is the book . 【答案】for which I paid 50 yuan 3．好朋友就是你能与之分享快乐和悲伤的人。 A good friend is someone . 【答案】with whom you can share your sorrow/ sadness and happiness/ joy 4．The gentleman is a friend of my father. 你昨天告诉我的那个绅士是我爸爸的一个朋友。 【答案】about whom you told me yesterday 5．Many countries are now setting up national parks . 许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。 【答案】where/in which animals and plants can be protected 三、写作训练 假定你是李华，上周你和同学一起去郊外徒步，亲近自然。请写一篇短文介绍这次经历。 内容要求： 1. 交代时间、地点、同行人员； 2. 描写沿途自然景色（蓝天、绿树、鸟鸣、清风）； 3. 表达你的感受与收获。 词数：80 左右 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 A Wonderful Walk in Nature Last weekend, my classmates and I went hiking in the countryside. We enjoyed the clean air and beautiful sunshine. The sky was blue, and trees stood green along the road. We could hear birds singing happily. Everything around us was full of life. We felt relaxed and peaceful. This experience taught us to love nature and get close to it more often. 写作解析 【导语】本文是记叙文（游记）。要求叙述一次亲近自然的经历，描写景色并表达收获。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 徒步：go hiking → take a walk 放松的：relaxed → peaceful 清新的：fresh → clean 充满生机：full of life → lively 亲近自然：get close to nature → be close to nature 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We saw nice trees. We felt very happy. 拓展句：As we walked along, we saw green trees and beautiful flowers, which made us cheerful. 【点睛】 【高分句型 1】Breathing fresh air, we completely forgot our worries.（现在分词作状语） 【高分句型 2】It is nature that makes our life more beautiful and colorful.（强调句型） 4 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $