新课8 必修第一册Unit 4 Friends forever （语法+写作预习讲义）（外研版）英语初升高衔接

Unit 4 Friends forever 目录 单元语法：关系代词引导的定语从句 写作聚焦：写作指导、议论文 / 观点阐述文或续故事结尾 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导代词类型 具体代词 适用先行词 在从句中充当成分 是否可省略 示例句子 关系代词（指人） who 人（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可 - 作主语：The girl who is standing there is my sister. - 作宾语：The man (who) you met yesterday is a doctor. whom 人（仅作宾语） 宾语（可接介词提前） 可省略（接介词时不可单独省略） - 直接作宾语：The student (whom) the teacher praised is very hardworking. - 接介词：The girl to whom you spoke is from Canada. that 人（非正式用法，可替代 who/whom） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The boy that won the game is my cousin. - 作宾语：The actress (that) we talked about is very famous. 关系代词（指物） which 物（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语（可接介词提前） 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The book which lies on the desk is mine. - 接介词：The house in which he lived is now a museum. that 物（可替代 which） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The car that was stolen has been found. - 作宾语：The gift (that) she gave me is very special. 关系代词（指人 / 物） whose 人或物（表所属关系） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 - 指人：The girl whose bag was lost is crying. - 指物：I bought a book whose cover is blue. 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. ▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. ▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? ▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 写作聚焦 一、写作方法指导 体裁：议论文 / 观点阐述文 (Argumentative / Opinion Essay) 核心任务：探讨友谊的真谛或网络交友的利弊。 写作逻辑： 1. 开头 (Introduction)：引出话题，明确表达个人观点（Thesis Statement）。 2. 主体 (Body)：分层论述。使用连接词（Firstly, Furthermore, However）列举理由或对比正反观点。每段需有主题句+支撑细节（例子或解释）。 3. 结尾 (Conclusion)：总结全文，重申观点，或提出展望。 时态：以一般现在时为主，表达普遍真理或个人看法。 二、写作素材 一）、常用短语 1. have much in common 有许多共同点 2. keep in touch with 与……保持联系 3. rely on / depend on 依赖，依靠 4. stand by one's side 支持某人，站在某人一边 5. bridge the gap 消除隔阂 6. face-to-face communication 面对面交流 7. virtual world 虚拟世界 8. build trust 建立信任 9. be loyal to 对……忠诚 10. share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦 二）、常用句式 1. In my opinion, a true friend is someone who... 在我看来，真正的朋友是……的人。 2. Friendship plays a significant role in our daily life. 友谊在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。 3. While online friends can be convenient, they cannot replace face-to-face interaction. 虽然网友很方便，但他们无法取代面对面的互动。 4. Not only does a good friend listen to you, but he/she also offers helpful advice. 好朋友不仅倾听你的心声，还提供有益的建议。（倒装句增强语气） 5. It is widely believed that honesty is the foundation of friendship. 人们普遍认为诚实是友谊的基础。 三、典例剖析 题目：请以 "What Makes a Good Friend?" 为题写一篇短文。 要求： 1. 简述你对好朋友的定义； 2. 列举好朋友的两个重要品质并说明理由； 3. 词数80-100左右。 第一步 审题谋篇 · 体裁：议论文 · 人称：第一、三人称 · 时态：一般现在时 · 框架： · Para 1: 引入话题，提出观点（诚实和支持最重要）。 · Para 2: 论点1（诚实）+ 解释；论点2（支持）+ 解释。 · Para 3: 总结。 第二步 要点翻译与词句升级 1. 原句：我认为好朋友应该诚实。 升级：I believe that honesty is the most important quality of a good friend. 2. 原句：当你遇到困难时，他会帮助你。 升级：A true friend will always lend a helping hand when you are in trouble. (使用定语从句或时间状语从句优化) 3. 原句：此外，好朋友可以和你分享快乐和悲伤。 升级：Furthermore, a good friend is someone with whom you can share both joys and sorrows. (介词+关系代词结构) 第三步 连句成篇 (Model Essay) What Makes a Good Friend? Friendship is one of the most precious treasures in our life. But what makes a good friend? In my view, honesty and support are the key elements. Firstly, a good friend should be honest. Only when we are honest with each other can we build deep trust. Secondly, a true friend is always ready to help. When I feel down or face difficulties, my best friend always encourages me and stands by my side. In conclusion, a good friend is not just a playmate, but a partner who shares life with you. 学以致用 一、语法填空 1．The police offered rewards for anyone could lead them to the criminals. （用适当的词填空） 2．She received a letter from a friend family owned a farm near the capital city. (用适当的词填空) 3．This is the best show I have seen in Paris so far this season. （用适当的词填空） 4．The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all. (用适当的词填空) 5．He is not so stubborn a man refuses to listen to reasonable suggestions. (用适当的词填空) 6．This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空) 7．The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空) 8．The materials are needed for the experiment have already been ordered. (用适当的词填空) 9．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 10．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program purpose is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 二．句子翻译 1．This is _____________________________ I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 三、写作训练 假定你是李华，请以 My Best Friend 为题写一篇短文。 内容要求： 1. 介绍你最好的朋友的性格特点； 2. 记叙一件他 / 她帮助过你的具体事情； 3. 谈谈你对真正友谊的理解与感悟。 词数：80 左右 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Friends forever 目录 单元语法：关系代词引导的定语从句 写作聚焦：写作指导、议论文 / 观点阐述文或续故事结尾 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导代词类型 具体代词 适用先行词 在从句中充当成分 是否可省略 示例句子 关系代词（指人） who 人（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可 - 作主语：The girl who is standing there is my sister. - 作宾语：The man (who) you met yesterday is a doctor. whom 人（仅作宾语） 宾语（可接介词提前） 可省略（接介词时不可单独省略） - 直接作宾语：The student (whom) the teacher praised is very hardworking. - 接介词：The girl to whom you spoke is from Canada. that 人（非正式用法，可替代 who/whom） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The boy that won the game is my cousin. - 作宾语：The actress (that) we talked about is very famous. 关系代词（指物） which 物（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语（可接介词提前） 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The book which lies on the desk is mine. - 接介词：The house in which he lived is now a museum. that 物（可替代 which） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The car that was stolen has been found. - 作宾语：The gift (that) she gave me is very special. 关系代词（指人 / 物） whose 人或物（表所属关系） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 - 指人：The girl whose bag was lost is crying. - 指物：I bought a book whose cover is blue. 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. ▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. ▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? ▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 写作聚焦 一、写作方法指导 体裁：议论文 / 观点阐述文 (Argumentative / Opinion Essay) 核心任务：探讨友谊的真谛或网络交友的利弊。 写作逻辑： 1. 开头 (Introduction)：引出话题，明确表达个人观点（Thesis Statement）。 2. 主体 (Body)：分层论述。使用连接词（Firstly, Furthermore, However）列举理由或对比正反观点。每段需有主题句+支撑细节（例子或解释）。 3. 结尾 (Conclusion)：总结全文，重申观点，或提出展望。 时态：以一般现在时为主，表达普遍真理或个人看法。 二、写作素材 一）、常用短语 1. have much in common 有许多共同点 2. keep in touch with 与……保持联系 3. rely on / depend on 依赖，依靠 4. stand by one's side 支持某人，站在某人一边 5. bridge the gap 消除隔阂 6. face-to-face communication 面对面交流 7. virtual world 虚拟世界 8. build trust 建立信任 9. be loyal to 对……忠诚 10. share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦 二）、常用句式 1. In my opinion, a true friend is someone who... 在我看来，真正的朋友是……的人。 2. Friendship plays a significant role in our daily life. 友谊在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。 3. While online friends can be convenient, they cannot replace face-to-face interaction. 虽然网友很方便，但他们无法取代面对面的互动。 4. Not only does a good friend listen to you, but he/she also offers helpful advice. 好朋友不仅倾听你的心声，还提供有益的建议。（倒装句增强语气） 5. It is widely believed that honesty is the foundation of friendship. 人们普遍认为诚实是友谊的基础。 三、典例剖析 题目：请以 "What Makes a Good Friend?" 为题写一篇短文。 要求： 1. 简述你对好朋友的定义； 2. 列举好朋友的两个重要品质并说明理由； 3. 词数80-100左右。 第一步 审题谋篇 · 体裁：议论文 · 人称：第一、三人称 · 时态：一般现在时 · 框架： · Para 1: 引入话题，提出观点（诚实和支持最重要）。 · Para 2: 论点1（诚实）+ 解释；论点2（支持）+ 解释。 · Para 3: 总结。 第二步 要点翻译与词句升级 1. 原句：我认为好朋友应该诚实。 升级：I believe that honesty is the most important quality of a good friend. 2. 原句：当你遇到困难时，他会帮助你。 升级：A true friend will always lend a helping hand when you are in trouble. (使用定语从句或时间状语从句优化) 3. 原句：此外，好朋友可以和你分享快乐和悲伤。 升级：Furthermore, a good friend is someone with whom you can share both joys and sorrows. (介词+关系代词结构) 第三步 连句成篇 (Model Essay) What Makes a Good Friend? Friendship is one of the most precious treasures in our life. But what makes a good friend? In my view, honesty and support are the key elements. Firstly, a good friend should be honest. Only when we are honest with each other can we build deep trust. Secondly, a true friend is always ready to help. When I feel down or face difficulties, my best friend always encourages me and stands by my side. In conclusion, a good friend is not just a playmate, but a partner who shares life with you. 学以致用 一、语法填空 1．The police offered rewards for anyone could lead them to the criminals. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：警方悬赏寻找任何能将他们引向罪犯的人。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系词代词who引导该从句。故填who。 2．She received a letter from a friend family owned a farm near the capital city. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她收到了一位朋友的来信，这位朋友的家人在首都附近拥有一座农场。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a friend，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 3．This is the best show I have seen in Paris so far this season. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我在巴黎本季目前为止看过的最好的演出。本空引导定语从句，先行词show，指物，且被最高级the best修饰，关系词代替先行词在从句中作have seen的宾语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 4．The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他在会上解释的理由一点也不合理。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，“The reason”是先行词，“he explained at the meeting” 是定语从句修饰先行词“reason”。在这个定语从句中，“explained”是及物动词，缺少宾语，而先行词“reason”指物，所以要用关系代词“which”或“that”来引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故填that/which。 5．He is not so stubborn a man refuses to listen to reasonable suggestions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他并不是一个固执到拒绝听取合理建议的人。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词man被so修饰，所以此处使用关系代词as。故填as。 6．This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座城市，其历史可以追溯到2000年前，如今已经变成了一座既能体验新事物又能感受古老气息的现代化城市。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词this city在从句中作history的定语成分。故填whose。 7．The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该组织旨在帮助那些在疫情中遭受重大损失的人。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 8．The materials are needed for the experiment have already been ordered. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：实验所需的材料已经被订购了。句子谓语是have already been ordered，空处引导限定性定语从句修饰主语The materials，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 9．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。 10．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program purpose is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的是缓解世界范围内的饥饿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词the World Food Program与空后的名词purpose之间为所属关系，所以此处应使用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 二．句子翻译 1．This is _____________________________ I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 【答案】 【详解】考查数词和定语从句。根据中英文提示，“第一”用序数词first；句中先行词为film，且被序数词修饰 ，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填the first film that。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 【答案】whose name is known 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此处应为关系词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词scientist，表示“全国知名的科学家”可转述为“科学家的名字被全国所知”，所以从句的主语应为“名字”name，与先行词the scientist之间为所属关系，所以使用whose引导定语从句；表示“知道”应为know，与name之间为被动关系，结合句意以及主句的谓语动词is可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语name为第三人称单数，所以从句的谓语动词为is known。故填whose name is known。 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 【答案】the first place that he visited in China 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“第一个地方”应为the first place作宾语从句的主语，表示“他在中国参观的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the first place；分析句意可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以使用关系代词引导定语从句，先行词被序数词修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that，表示“他”应为he作定语从句的主语，表示“参观”应为visit作定语从句的谓语，根据谓语动词was可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为visited，表示“在中国”应为in China，所以定语从句应译为that he visited in China。故填the first place that he visited in China。 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 【答案】that happened in my childhood 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和提示可知，此处应为that引导的定语从句，表示“发生”应为happen，表示“在我的童年里”应为in my childhood，所以，从句谓语动词应为一般过去时，即谓语动词为happened，分析句子结构可知，先行词the accident在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that happened in my childhood。 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 【答案】that/which are designed/aimed to broaden our horizons 【详解】考查定语从句。该空缺少的是定语部分“旨在扩大我们视野的”修饰先行词activities，应使用关系代词that或which作从句主语，谓语部分使用be designed/aimed to；“扩大我们视野”使用动词短语 broaden our horizons。根据主句时态及句意判断从句也应使用一般现在时。故填that/which are designed to broaden our 三、写作训练 假定你是李华，请以 My Best Friend 为题写一篇短文。 内容要求： 1. 介绍你最好的朋友的性格特点； 2. 记叙一件他 / 她帮助过你的具体事情； 3. 谈谈你对真正友谊的理解与感悟。 词数：80 左右 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 My Best Friend My best friend is Lucy. She is kind, patient, and always ready to help others. She gets along well with everyone around her. Last term, I struggled with my English listening. She practiced with me every morning and shared useful learning skills. Thanks to her help, I made great progress. I believe true friendship means support and trust. Friends should lift each other up and grow together. 写作解析 【导语】本文是记叙文。要求介绍好友、叙述友谊小事、表达对友谊的理解。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 善良的：kind → warm-hearted 耐心的：patient → careful 鼓励：encourage → support 进步：progress → improvement 相处融洽：get along well → get on well 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：She helped me. I improved my listening. 拓展句：She helped me so much that I finally improved my listening ability. 【点睛】 【高分句型 1】She is such a warm-hearted girl that everyone likes to make friends with her.（so…that… 结果状语从句） 【高分句型 2】It was with her help that I became more confident in English.（强调句型） 4 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $