题型提升练02 初高中衔接综合能力提升（阅读理解七选五）-2026年初升高英语衔接暑假提升练测（译林版，江苏专用）

题型02初高中衔接综合能力提升-阅读理解七选五 01 重点速记—综合能力提升(阅读理解七选五) 02 难点再现 03 复习提升 · 知识梳理 阅读理解七选五初中,高中都是正文部分通常是一篇完整的文章，有五个句子被挖空，正文后给出七个选项，均为完整句子，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。此题型拓宽了阅读理解能力考察的深度和广度，考查学生句子和语篇两个层面的阅读能力和领悟能力，以及对整个语篇的衔接手段与连 贯性的洞察力。总之，七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题，对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维 能力和语言综合运用能力，有更高的要求。 考点 解题技巧 位置设空题 结合上下文语境，根据设空处前、后句或前、后段的意义和逻辑关系，并结合语境的关键词和主题词，遵循“由易到难”的顺序，从最明确的空白处入手，逐步确定所有答案选项。“阅读理解七选五”在设空时，选项的设置往往遵循“能抽出能还原”的原则，抽出的句子在上下文语境中一般都能找到相应的还原依据。因此，做题时一定要从上下文语境中找到支撑相关选项的具体事实信息，有时还需要根据表层信息进行推理和判断才能确定最佳选项。 1、如果空白处在段首，则答案通常是段落主题句，做题时，应认真阅读本段内容，概括段落大意，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。2、如果空白处在段中，段中的空白处多位于段落主题句之后，与上下文构成明显的逻辑关系：如常见的分述细化主题的并列关系、语义发生变化的转折关系，对上诉概念的解释说明、举例论证，这些句子起衔接上下文的作用，因此成为历年高考语篇考查的重中之重。3、如果空白处在段尾，则答案通常是结论或概括性的语句。空白处前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。做题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，即空白处起前后两段过渡作用。 细节线索题 要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。这要求考生平时注重重点词汇、重点语法学习，同时要求教者在平时教学中加强词形转换及单句语法填空训练。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。 1、略读文章抓大意以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。2、重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。3、看看结构变轻松 除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。4、词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。5、代词逻辑亦管用 七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。 语段过渡题 在一篇短文中抽出五句话，抽走的句子可能在段首、段中或段尾，其中语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，它们具有承上启下的作用。该题型主要考查段落内和段落间过渡句，需要学生有较强的对所读文本篇章结构的理解分析能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的概括和归纳能力。该题型的设空位置比较灵活，可以出现在文本的段首、段中和段尾任意位置，需要学生读懂文本内容，剖析文本结构，从而确定答案。 1、段落内过渡句：学生需要仔细阅读所给空格前后相邻内容，深度挖掘文本的内在逻辑关系，特别注意衔接词和逻辑关系的信号词，同时标出关键词，使所选答案能够把上下两句内容紧密的衔接起来。2、段落间过渡句：学生需要认真研读空格上一段的段尾句和下一段的主要内容，同时关注衔接词和逻辑关系的信号词，然后与选项中的关联词或者信号词建立联系，进一步确定答案。3、常见的衔接词和体现逻辑关系的信号词有：①并列与递进关系：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, at last, in the end, for one thing...for anther, and, also, not...but, in the first place, in the second place, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, in addition to, as well, to make matters worse等。②因果关系：therefore, hence, consequently, as a result, thus, so等。③转折与让步关系：however, in fact, as a matter of fact, yet, though, in spite of, nevertheless, otherwise, while, rather than, even if/though, despite等。④对比关系：while(放句中), in contrast／by comparison, unlike, in comparison with, similarly等。 主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。 根据考查对象的不同可以把主旨概括型题目分为两类：标题句和主题句。标题句往往短小精悍，多为名词性短语或祈使句，一般用以总结文章或者某个段落的主旨。学生需要通读整个文本或者段落，理清文本逻辑和结构，才能归纳出标题句。主题句一般用以概括某段落的中心思想，一般设在段首，考查学生的主旨概括能力。一般情况下，短文首段给出中心句，其他各段落有一个段落中心句，形成文本的框架结构。学生需要认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。主题句一般具有一定的概括性，不涉及具体细节内容，学生需要注意主题句概括的完整性，避免以偏概全或者与段落中心思想不符合。 · 高一上学期涉及话题 人与自我 重返校园 人与自我 亲子关系 人与社会 人际关系--友谊 人与自我 饮食健康-减肥 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年度安徽安庆市桐城市桐城中学下学期第一次教学质量检测) For college applicants, a college essay is the place to showcase their writing skills and let their unique voice shine through. 1 Getting Started on the College Essay A good time for students to begin working on their college essays is the summer before senior year. 2 Students can go online to review essay requirements, such as word limits and essay topics. Many students may start with the Common App, an application platform accepted by more than 1,000 schools. How Long Should a College Essay Be? 3 “While we won’t stop reading after 650 words, we cannot promise that an overly wordy essay will hold our attention for as long as you’d hoped,” the Common App states. 4 The most discouraging step in the essay writing process is figuring out what to write about. There are several topics to choose. The essay isn’t a complete autobiography. It’s overwhelming to think of putting your whole life in one essay. Rather, students should narrow their focus and write about a specific experience or hobby that reveals something personal, like how they think, what they value or what their strengths are. Students can also write about something that illustrates an aspect of their background. 5 What’s most important is that a college essay is thoughtful and tells a story that offers insight into who a student is as a person. A．How to Write a College Essay. B．How to Pick a College Essay Topic. C．The following are tips on writing a college essay. D．You should show your respect to the college teachers. E．These are the types of essays that stand out to admissions officers. F．Starting early will give students plenty of time to work through the essay before deadlines. G．Though the Common App notes there are no strict word limit for an essay, it suggests no more than 650 words. Passage 2 Growing up, I found the word Saturday almost equaled cleaning in my family. As soon as any child was able to use a dust cloth, he or she was assigned a chore (家务活). 6 Exceptions were made of course, but the older we grew, the more my parents expected us to balance these responsibilities. Chores were part of my family's way of functioning. We complained and tried to avoid them, but we never questioned why we did them. As a family, we all had roles in keeping the home running smoothly, and the responsibility grew with age. 7 When I was a kid, I knew when doing chores I was helping my family. It wasn't until I grew into adulthood that I realized that chores are more than a list of tasks. 8 Being assigned chores communicates that each family member is needed and that their action or non-action affects every single other person living under the same roof. Handling daily household chores is never easy, but doing them out of love for my family makes it manageable. 9 I enjoy jumping in to help whenever my parents need a hand. While working together, we have the chance to have meaningful conversations, share experiences, and build memories. 10 Household chores mean learning how to manage responsibility and understand kids' role, not to mention practicing discipline, time management, and selflessness. All these consequences would seem to tip the scales (天平) in favor of chores. A．It made sense to us, as much as we disliked it. B．They create a sense of belonging within a family. C．Household chores were a source of great stress for us. D．Actually, doing chores alongside my family can make them a joy. E．We had to complete our assigned chores before school assignments. F．Allowing children to share burdens helps them recognize their strengths. G．It also comes as no surprise that chores are important for personal growth. · 位置设空题 Passage 1 No fight can end, and no friendship can move on, until everyone says these little words: I’m sorry. Sometimes, though, they can be difficult to say. 1 It’s not about winning. Friendships aren’t like the Super Bowl, and there should never be a winner and a loser. When you start fighting with a friend, it may feel important that you “win” the fight by proving you’re right and he is wrong, or by making him be the first to apologize. In reality, you’ll BOTH LOSE if you let your fight ruin your friendship, and you will BOTH WIN if you find a way to heal it. 2 You may have heard the expression “His pride stood in the way.” It is usually used to describe a person who is so determined to be “right” that he lets an opportunity for happiness pass him by forever. 3 Remember: as time goes on, we usually forget who was right and who was wrong in a disagreement, and only remember the sadness of losing a friend. Take the first step. Are you sick of fighting? Do you think this fight is just not important enough to ruin your friendship? 4 You don’t have to take full responsibility(责任) for starting the fight, or even say that your feelings were wrong. But you should find something you did or said that’s worth apologizing for. Maybe you’re sorry that you let the fight go for so long, or that you overreacted(反应过度) to something your friend did. If you say you’re sorry, it’s like an invitation for your friend to do the same.   5 A．Then try to be the first to apologize. B．Stop thinking about your pride. C．It’s about taking some responsibility for the argument. D．Don’t let this happen to a friendship you care about. E．Here are some things to keep in mind. F．There are some special cases when you shouldn’t be the one to apologize first. G．Once you’ve both said it, you’ll both feel a million times better. Passage 2 A good night’s sleep or even a quick nap leaves you recharged and energetic. While it’s possible to fall asleep anywhere, people always look for comfortable places to get some sleep. The “potato bed” is a new lifestyle trend (趋势). 6 The sleeper lies in the middle, with soft pillows and blankets (毯子) all around. What Is a Potato Bed 7 It is created by putting comfortable items together — pillows, feather quilts, natural cloth and blankets. This sleeping way can provide warmth and gentle deep pressure. To make a potato bed, you can begin by turning a bedsheet that normally fits around a cushion, upside down. Then, line its inside edge with blankets and pillows. Fill a comfortable quilt in the middle and then get in. Cocooning (作茧) for a Better Night’s Sleep The potato bed is all about “cocooning” or building a comfortable “nest-like” sleeping space. This sleeping method may support better rest. It makes your body feel peaceful and your mind feels safe. 8 When and How to Use the Potato Bed Cocooning may help reduce anxiety by creating a sense of being held, but the trend isn’t for everyone. It may not be suitable for young children, pets or disabled persons as they may struggle to safely move in limited spaces. 9 That can cause backaches. For this reason, experts suggest using this trend only for a short period of time, rather than throughout the night. Testing Out the Potato Bed Another possible concern about this trend is that some may become dependent on it to fall asleep. However, for many, the potato bed provides a harmless and calming experience. 10 If you have had a good night’s sleep, and you wake up with no aches and pains, then the chances are that you are sleeping fine and your sleeping environment is great. A．So, it’s easier for you to fall asleep. B．It lets people sleep like a cooked potato. C．Thick blankets can create too much heat. D．You had better tell your family before making it. E．A potato bed is an extra-comfortable sleeping corner. F．It’s easy to test whether potato-bedding works for you. G．The potato bed may also lead to unnatural sleeping positions. Passage 3 Many people today feel tired in mind as phone alerts, short videos, and broken information compete for their attention. This can hurt connections in the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center, and raise the risk of forgetting. 11 Reading strengthens the brain. A study found that reading changes the brain’s structure. Researchers observed that individuals who engaged in reading, even if they learned later in life, improved cognitive (认知的) efficiency. 12 Experts recommend these daily practices to rebuild deep reading capacity. Exercise improves brain health. 13 A study found that participants who engaged in strength training three times a week for six months saw measurable growth in the hippocampus, while those who did not exercise experienced age-related reduction. Researchers recommend four categories of brain-friendly exercise: moderate aerobic activity like swimming; high-intensity interval training for experienced exercisers; skill-based sports combining movement with thinking and resistance training, such as weightlifting. 14 Quality rest is important for memory consolidation (巩固). During non-REM sleep, the hippocampus “replays” daytime experiences, transforming short-term impressions into long-term memory. Lack of sleep breaks this process, and catching up later does not fully make up for the damage. Music awakens the brain. Music activates several brain regions at the same time. 15 Musicians, for example, often show enlarged brain areas linked to fine motor skills and pitch recognition. Listening to or practicing music can therefore serve as a cross-sensory “workout” for the brain. A．Going to bed early protects the brain. B．Catching up on sleep repairs the harm to the brain. C．Physical activity benefits not only the body but also the brain. D．Luckily, there are some accessible strategies to sharpen the mind. E．Regular physical activity contributes significantly to our well-being. F．It can enhance hearing motor control and even academic performance. G．Recalling song lyrics and summarizing articles are all useful exercises. Passage 4 How to Build a Strong Relationship with Your Roommate Living with a roommate can be a great experience, but it also has the potential to be a nightmare if not managed properly. 16 Here are some tips to help you build a strong relationship with your roommate. Communicate openly and honestly Communication is key in any relationship, and the one with your roommate is no exception. 17 For example, if something they do bothers you, don’t let it fester inside. Instead, have an open conversation with them about it. Be respectful and use “I” statements to express how you feel. For instance, say “I feel uncomfortable when the dishes are left in the sink for too long” rather than “You always leave the dishes in the sink and it’s disgusting.” Set clear boundaries 18 Decide on things like what time quiet hours start, how to share common spaces, and what to do if one of you has guests over. By setting these boundaries early on, you can avoid potential conflicts down the road. If your roommate has a different idea about a boundary, have a discussion to find a middle ground that works for both of you. Respect each other’s belongings Your roommate’s possessions are just as important as yours. 19 If you need to borrow something, always ask first. And if you accidentally damage or lose something of theirs, be honest and offer to replace it. Similarly, expect your roommate to treat your things with the same respect. Share responsibilities A shared living space means shared responsibilities. 20 Divide tasks like cleaning the bath-room, taking out the trash, and grocery shopping. You can create a schedule to make sure everything gets done regularly. This not only keeps the living environment clean and comfortable but also shows that you’re both committed to making the place a nice one to live in. Building a strong relationship with your roommate takes time and effort, but by following these tips, you can create a harmonious living situation that benefits both of you. A．Avoid making assumptions about each other. B．This includes respecting their personal space as well. C．It’s important to be clear about what is acceptable and what isn’t. D．Both of you should contribute to keeping the place clean and organized. E．To ensure a positive living experience, it’s crucial to get along well with your roommate. F．Regularly talk to each other about your thoughts, feelings, and expectations. G．Try to find common interests and activities that you can enjoy together. · 细节线索题 Passage 1 I vividly remember the process of moving in for the first time: stuffing clothes, comfort items, and pieces of my childhood into various bags and boxes. It was a whirlwind (旋风)of excitement. 1 What would it be like living at college? Would I get along with my roommate? How would I make friends with complete strangers? 2 I had always felt like I struggled more than others to find “my people.” In high school, I had a few close friends, but it always seemed like everyone else had these big, inseparable friend groups that did everything together. I wanted that, and the sense of belonging, too. Like many, I was attracted by the first people I met in college. 3 We lived next to each other, ate together, and stayed up late together. They were my early friend group, and they brought laughter, growth, and memories — both positive and negative. Those highs and lows taught me an important lesson: Not every friendship is meant to last, and that’s okay. Your friendships don’t just impact your social life — they affect your motivation, your academics, and, among other things, your sense of self. I have found it valuable to surround myself with people who share my values to keep me grounded. 4 College is one of the few places in life where you’re surrounded by people from vastly different backgrounds and experiences. Keeping an open mind is just as important as finding common ground. College can be, and probably will be, chaotic. People come and go. You’ll probably cry over friendships that didn’t work out. 5 That’s all part of the process. Over time, you will find your people. A．They’re part of your story. B．But it was also filled with uncertainty. C．I wouldn’t trade my friendship for anything. D．They mostly so happened to be the people on my floor. E．That said, don’t limit yourself to just those who are like you. F．You may smile at memories with people no longer close with. G．Of all the unknowns, the last question consumed me the most. Passage 2 A friendship doesn’t begin with the hope that it will end. We invest time and energy, not believing that our efforts could ultimately be fruitless. 6 When things said or done cause a breakdown in trust or closeness, you can reconnect with a friend you’ve grown apart from by starting a conversation. 7 So take time to reflect on what exactly happened between you and your friend. When knowing what went wrong in the relationship, you are often better equipped with an understanding of what you could say to make things right again. If you and your friend need to have a serious heart-to-heart conversation, it’s a good idea to select the right time and place to talk. Choose a time when you both have some open availability. Don’t try to jam in a heavy conversation in a half-hour lunch break on a workday. 8 A public place is generally not the best place to have a serious and emotional conversation with a friend. There may be moments in the conversation when you feel-yourself tense up, want to shut down or explode in anger. 9 Otherwise, they can become roadblocks that make it impossible to have a productive conversation. When feeling like interrupting or talking over your friend, take a deep breath and keep calm. Friendships take time to rebuild especially if trust has been broken. Don’t expect things to go right back to normal once you and your friend talk through things. 10 A．Also, find a setting that’s private. B．You can’t fix a problem you don’t make out. C．Nevertheless, friendships aren’t always forever. D．Try to notice these urges without acting on them. E．Whatever the reason, don’t hesitate to take action. F．Instead, go slowly and gradually reestablish closeness. G．You both have a say on how to strengthen bonds with the other. Passage 3 Do Weighted Blankets (毯子) Have Health Benefits? As temperatures drop, a weighted blanket can be a popular choice to help you keep warm. Some people say the extra pressure of the cover also helps ease their worries and fall asleep faster. Do they really have such effects? 11 What are weighted blankets? Weighted blankets are filled with small glass balls, cotton, or another filling. 12 Scientists may not know exactly how the blankets bring comfort, but they have some ideas. How do people use weighted blankets? For most healthy adults, experts suggest choosing a blanket that is about 10 percent of their body weight. 13 For example, some people may find them too hot to use, especially during warmer weather. People with breathing problems should check with a doctor before using weighted blankets. 14 They can be costly. A quality weighted blanket can cost more. This depends on the size, weight, and material. A famous writer from Wales also uses a weighted blanket. Her anxiety increases during winter. So, she uses her weighted blanket to fall asleep. She says when she sleeps well, her body is relaxed, and her mind relaxes too. Can weighted blankets improve sleep? There is little scientific research on whether weighted blankets help with sleep, anxiety, or other health issues. The studies that exist involve small groups of people. 15 They include sleep issues, long-term pain, and mental and developmental disorders. A study of 120 sleepless people found that weighted blankets helped them sleep better compared to light blankets. A．Some people may not afford them. B．But the blankets are not good for everyone. C．Weighted blankets are popular with women. D．This makes them heavier than usual blankets. E．And most of the study subjects are people with health problems. F．A weighted blanket is better at reducing pain than a light blanket. G．However, research on the effectiveness of weighted blankets is limited. Passage 4 In winter, people might reduce their outdoor exercise. The days get dark earlier, and it can be very cold. These conditions can make it harder for some people to get outdoors for exercise. However, cold days can be perfect for outdoor workouts! Health experts say the body must make extra heat to keep warm in low temperatures. 16    The winter season is also cold and flu season. Making outdoor exercise a usual part of your workout may help you avoid both colds and the flu. It may strengthen your body’s defense (防御) system. Some people who suffer from “winter blues” may benefit from going outside to exercise in the fresh air and sunshine. 17 More sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D．And vitamin D produces hormones that brighten your emotion. So, there are several health benefits of exercising outdoors in very cold weather. 18 Freezing injury is one of the most common. When the air temperature drops below zero, things freeze. Your fingers, toes, nose, and ears can be affected. Protecting them is very important. Cold winds affect these parts of the body more quickly than other parts. 19 When it’s very, very cold and winds are very, very strong, freezing injury can develop in as little as 5 minutes. However, if you are a generally healthy person, do not think you must move your workouts indoors in winter. 20 Thus you can get a lot out of a cold-weather workout. A．But there are also dangers. B．An outdoor workout increases sunlight time. C．You have to accept the results your decision brings. D．This means the body is burning more energy and fat. E．Dress properly, drink enough water and exercise safely. F．Freezing injury can happen quickly — in less than 30 minutes. G．Winter workouts can cut your risk of getting the flu by 20% to 30%. · 语段过渡题 Passage 1 Running is a great way to get fit, feel better and even form new relationships with other runners. 1 All it takes is a comfortable pair of shoes and a willingness to move a little or a lot, all at your own pace. The Well Guide makes it easy to get started, get inspired and stay on track. The absolute best way to keep yourself running is to find a race, sign up for it, pay for it and put it on your calendar. 2 A beginner can run any race — you just need to allow enough time to train for it. Pick your distance and use an online race finder like the Runner’s World Race or the Running UAS Race Map to help you find the right race for you. Some people are natural heel- strikers whose heels touch the ground first while others tend to lead with their toes. 3 And you are less likely to become injured if you simply maintain your natural stride. The more you run, the more comfortable that stride will feel and — even better — the more efficient your body will become. While most runners focus on shoes, socks can be important too. Blisters from bunched- up socks are painful and could prevent you from running for days. 4 Some running socks are made from a material that draws sweat away from your feet, preventing bacteria from accumulating between your toes which inevitably leads to smelly feet. 5 While there has been recent evidence that static stretching— holding a stretch for a period of time — can prevent serious muscle injuries like tears or strains, such types of injuries are uncommon in runners. In fact, holding a stretch too long can even make your muscles less powerful. A．However, people find it hard to get started. B．You need comfortable socks that let through air. C．You’d better hold a stretch before getting started. D．Starting a new running habit doesn’t have to be hard. E．You don’t have to waste your time stretching on the roadside. F．A fixed race date will help you stay focused and run regularly. G．The good news: neither form is necessarily better than the other. Passage 2 Short, all-out efforts or bursts of movement lasting from 15 seconds to a minute — known as sprinting — offer powerful benefits. And you don’t have to do it every day to see results. 6 . But for those without physical limitations or injuries, it can be an outstanding choice for variation in one’s workout routine. This style of training has been shown to improve VO2 (摄氧量) max, which is considered one of the best markers of cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness. 7 . As we age, we tend to lose fast-twitch muscle fibers in both size and volume. Sprinting helps preserve them, which can translate to better quickness and balance later in life. It’s also one of the few workouts that support bone development and benefit your brain. 8 ? You don’t need to do much of it. We’ve seen health benefits with just two sessions a week. 9 . But it’s more demanding than it looks. You can start with a solid fitness base. If you’re not there yet, walking or jogging may be a better entry point. Then, ideally with guidance from a trainer or coach, you can work sprint bursts into your routine. We recommend starting with two sessions a week and capping at three; otherwise, you may overdo it and wear your body out. Finally, don’t treat sprinting as a one-size-fits-all solution. 10 . Make sure that you’re covering all training zones — weight training, high intensity, low intensity exercise, mobility. If we start removing pieces, we run the risk of becoming imbalanced and then opening up the door for injury. A．Your body likes variation to adapt B．But what’s the most surprising part C．So, what’s the recommended frequency D．But the benefits go beyond the heart and lungs E．Sprinting sounds simple in theory — just run fast F．The high-impact sprinting isn’t right for everyone G．Sprinting is a good way for us to boost mental clarity Passage 3 Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 11 ，but for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Associate with others. The first step to make friends is associating with people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 62 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful  skill in relating (关联的) with other people. 63 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 64 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 65 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be. A．Be cheerful. B．Do things together. C．Don’t wait to be spoken to. D．Try not to find fault with your friend. E．Making new friends comes easy for some people. F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. Passage 4 Family is the most important thing in the world. Sometimes it can be hard to get along with family members but you love them. How can you have a better relationship with your family members? 16 ●Spend more time together. Think about how much time you spend with your family already. Is it enough? 17 Arrange time when you all have freedom to do things together. Go on a picnic, visit a museum, go to a sports match and so on. ●Improve yourself. Perhaps they complain about your grades, your attitude or your lack of goals; don’t assume it’s all nagging. Some of what they are saying is most likely for your own good, and they’re trying to protect you from life’s hardships and encourage you to be the best you can be. 18 ●Be as independent as you can. For example, don’t ask your father to wake you up in the morning. 19 Or, don’t expect your parents to help you out all the time, especially not as an adult. 20 If your parents come home late at night after work, try to make a simple dinner for them, instead of making your mother cook for you again. If your brother or sister is not doing well at school, show him or her how to succeed with the subjects. A．Be helpful. B．Make dinners yourself. C．Here are a few tips you can follow. D．Instead, set an alarm clock beside your table. E．You should understand why they complain about your performance. F．Improve your attitude and work on the things that family members comment on. G．If not, what can you do to improve things and find more time to spend together? · 主旨概括题 Passage 1 How to Teach Respect Respect is one of the most important, fundamental skills a child can ever learn. A sense of respect is important for succeeding in school, holding down a job, and having adult relationships. 1 . So it is parents' responsibility to teach their kids these skills. You should set a good example to your kids. When it comes to teaching children respect, it all boils down to this. Children are easily affected by what they see. 2 . Live a kind, caring, respectful life and your children will learn that this is the way adults are expected to behave. You should encourage activities that require sharing and cooperation. One of the reasons that respect is so important is that it's needed to form helpful friendships and relationships with others. Teach your children that respect allows them to build bridges by giving them fun opportunities to work with teammates and partners toward a mutual (共同的) goal. If they get rude, warn them. 3 . You should control your own negative emotions. Children don't have the argumentative skills that adults do. 4 . Worse, it can teach them that it's OK to yell or threaten other people when they become frustrated. Show them that difficult situations are best conquered with a cool head. 5 . Patience is a sign of respect. It may take some children longer to learn how to behave respectfully around others. Becoming impatient with children only teaches them to become impatient people, so instead take time to explain the problem to your children. A．You should be patient B．If they keep it up, end the activity C．You should read some stories about respect to your kids D．Using your own behavior to teach your kids needs much time E．The number one place that children learn respect is in the home F．Losing your temper can be a scary, confusing experience for them G．In addition, they naturally look up to their parents and imitate them Passage 2 Libraries are wonderful! 6 They can also help you enter other worlds. Whether you often visit there or you’re new to using libraries, you might be surprised to learn how much they can do for you. Here are some of the many things the library has to offer. Research and recommendations Librarians can help you research a school project or paper, show you how to do an Internet search, and guide you to reliable sources (可靠的来源) of information. 7 Tell them what books you have enjoyed, as well as subjects that attract you. They can recommend your next read. Fun clubs and classes 8 You can ask a librarian or check the library’s website for a calendar of upcoming activities and sign up with your card. These can include book clubs, gaming clubs, and classes like chess. A multimedia hub (多媒体中心) Besides books, you or an adult in your family can also borrow and watch movies, and TV shows with the help of library apps. 9 Besides, you can find quiet areas where you can focus on your homework. Volunteer opportunities Many libraries welcome volunteer help from kids. Ask the library if you can be a “book pal” to a younger child, read during story time, or offer help with handmade activities. 10 Others need kids to volunteer to read advance reader copies(ARCs) of books that haven’t been published yet and advise the library on whether they should buy the book. A．For them, eBooks are easy to buy. B．There are also computers to use for free. C．You can stay all day while you learn knowledge. D．Librarians can also make great book suggestions. E．America’s first lending library was founded in 1731. F．Many libraries host free activities for young people. G．Some libraries ask kids to write book reviews to help other kids. Passage 3 Starting high school means changes in your life. Most teenagers look forward to the first day of high school, but still feel a little bit nervous. 11 Learn all you can about your first day before the first school day. Take part in some activities that are held at the school for new students to know the school better. If parents are invited to these activities, take yours with you. Carefully look over all the materials you receive. 12 13 Buy the things suggested on your teachers’ supply lists and place your materials for each class separately. 14 If you find you’re not doing well in a subject, make use of after-school study groups or ask your teacher to help you with your schoolwork. Consider private tutoring to get you through a difficult time. There are more extracurricular (课外的) activities in high school than in middle school, such as clubs, music and theatre groups, student government, and sports teams. Make friends and be seen at such school activities. 15 Ask someone in the school office about opportunities to take part in school activities if you don’t know how. This is a good time to do what you like doing and an opportunity to try new things. Who says school has to be all work and no play? Since you’re attending more activities in high school than in middle school, you’ll have to learn to manage your time. A．Keep up with your high school study. B．Get the things you will need for class. C．Keep a good balance of study and play. D．Enjoy your high school life like this way. E．Be sure you know where the school’s buildings are. F．You can follow these tips to make your new life easier. G．Join a club or other organizations to meet people and develop friendships. Passage 4 The transition (过渡) from middle school to high school is different for each student. 16 However, moving from middle school to high school is not that frightening. As long as you’re prepared, it can be an enjoyable experience. Here are some tips for a smooth transition from middle school to high school! Practice time-management skills. Most high school courses have more homework than middle-school students are used to. 17 Learning to manage your time effectively will help you balance your studies, after-school activities, and social life. 18 If you have older brothers, sisters, or cousins who have already transitioned from middle school to high school, they can be a great resource as you start to prepare for high school. So feel free to reach out to them. Their advice can make your transition a lot easier and more enjoyable. Build good study habits. In high school, you need to study more on your own and it needs more self-discipline (自律). Try to find a quiet place to study and stick to a regular schedule. Break your tasks into smaller parts so they don’t seem so stressful. And always review your notes after class. 19 Stay positive and open-minded. 20 You need to welcome new challenges and opportunities with a positive attitude (态度). Remember that it’s okay to make mistakes and learn from them. A．Look for advice from others. B．It’s normal for adults to experience stress. C．Find a proper person to be your role model. D．High school is a time of growth and change. E．This way, you can remember what you learned better. F．It may be exciting for one but frightening for the other. G．What’s more, the work is often more challenging and in-depth. ( 16 / 16 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型02初高中衔接综合能力提升-阅读理解七选五 01 重点速记—综合能力提升(阅读理解七选五) 02 难点再现 03 复习提升 · 知识梳理 阅读理解七选五初中,高中都是正文部分通常是一篇完整的文章，有五个句子被挖空，正文后给出七个选项，均为完整句子，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。此题型拓宽了阅读理解能力考察的深度和广度，考查学生句子和语篇两个层面的阅读能力和领悟能力，以及对整个语篇的衔接手段与连 贯性的洞察力。总之，七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题，对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维 能力和语言综合运用能力，有更高的要求。 考点 解题技巧 位置设空题 结合上下文语境，根据设空处前、后句或前、后段的意义和逻辑关系，并结合语境的关键词和主题词，遵循“由易到难”的顺序，从最明确的空白处入手，逐步确定所有答案选项。“阅读理解七选五”在设空时，选项的设置往往遵循“能抽出能还原”的原则，抽出的句子在上下文语境中一般都能找到相应的还原依据。因此，做题时一定要从上下文语境中找到支撑相关选项的具体事实信息，有时还需要根据表层信息进行推理和判断才能确定最佳选项。 1、如果空白处在段首，则答案通常是段落主题句，做题时，应认真阅读本段内容，概括段落大意，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。2、如果空白处在段中，段中的空白处多位于段落主题句之后，与上下文构成明显的逻辑关系：如常见的分述细化主题的并列关系、语义发生变化的转折关系，对上诉概念的解释说明、举例论证，这些句子起衔接上下文的作用，因此成为历年高考语篇考查的重中之重。3、如果空白处在段尾，则答案通常是结论或概括性的语句。空白处前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。做题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，即空白处起前后两段过渡作用。 细节线索题 要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。这要求考生平时注重重点词汇、重点语法学习，同时要求教者在平时教学中加强词形转换及单句语法填空训练。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。 1、略读文章抓大意以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。2、重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。3、看看结构变轻松 除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。4、词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。5、代词逻辑亦管用 七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。 语段过渡题 在一篇短文中抽出五句话，抽走的句子可能在段首、段中或段尾，其中语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，它们具有承上启下的作用。该题型主要考查段落内和段落间过渡句，需要学生有较强的对所读文本篇章结构的理解分析能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的概括和归纳能力。该题型的设空位置比较灵活，可以出现在文本的段首、段中和段尾任意位置，需要学生读懂文本内容，剖析文本结构，从而确定答案。 1、段落内过渡句：学生需要仔细阅读所给空格前后相邻内容，深度挖掘文本的内在逻辑关系，特别注意衔接词和逻辑关系的信号词，同时标出关键词，使所选答案能够把上下两句内容紧密的衔接起来。2、段落间过渡句：学生需要认真研读空格上一段的段尾句和下一段的主要内容，同时关注衔接词和逻辑关系的信号词，然后与选项中的关联词或者信号词建立联系，进一步确定答案。3、常见的衔接词和体现逻辑关系的信号词有：①并列与递进关系：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, at last, in the end, for one thing...for anther, and, also, not...but, in the first place, in the second place, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, in addition to, as well, to make matters worse等。②因果关系：therefore, hence, consequently, as a result, thus, so等。③转折与让步关系：however, in fact, as a matter of fact, yet, though, in spite of, nevertheless, otherwise, while, rather than, even if/though, despite等。④对比关系：while(放句中), in contrast／by comparison, unlike, in comparison with, similarly等。 主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。 根据考查对象的不同可以把主旨概括型题目分为两类：标题句和主题句。标题句往往短小精悍，多为名词性短语或祈使句，一般用以总结文章或者某个段落的主旨。学生需要通读整个文本或者段落，理清文本逻辑和结构，才能归纳出标题句。主题句一般用以概括某段落的中心思想，一般设在段首，考查学生的主旨概括能力。一般情况下，短文首段给出中心句，其他各段落有一个段落中心句，形成文本的框架结构。学生需要认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。主题句一般具有一定的概括性，不涉及具体细节内容，学生需要注意主题句概括的完整性，避免以偏概全或者与段落中心思想不符合。 · 高一上学期涉及话题 人与自我 重返校园 人与自我 亲子关系 人与社会 人际关系--友谊 人与自我 饮食健康-减肥 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年度安徽安庆市桐城市桐城中学下学期第一次教学质量检测) For college applicants, a college essay is the place to showcase their writing skills and let their unique voice shine through. 1 Getting Started on the College Essay A good time for students to begin working on their college essays is the summer before senior year. 2 Students can go online to review essay requirements, such as word limits and essay topics. Many students may start with the Common App, an application platform accepted by more than 1,000 schools. How Long Should a College Essay Be? 3 “While we won’t stop reading after 650 words, we cannot promise that an overly wordy essay will hold our attention for as long as you’d hoped,” the Common App states. 4 The most discouraging step in the essay writing process is figuring out what to write about. There are several topics to choose. The essay isn’t a complete autobiography. It’s overwhelming to think of putting your whole life in one essay. Rather, students should narrow their focus and write about a specific experience or hobby that reveals something personal, like how they think, what they value or what their strengths are. Students can also write about something that illustrates an aspect of their background. 5 What’s most important is that a college essay is thoughtful and tells a story that offers insight into who a student is as a person. A．How to Write a College Essay. B．How to Pick a College Essay Topic. C．The following are tips on writing a college essay. D．You should show your respect to the college teachers. E．These are the types of essays that stand out to admissions officers. F．Starting early will give students plenty of time to work through the essay before deadlines. G．Though the Common App notes there are no strict word limit for an essay, it suggests no more than 650 words. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．E 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于如何写大学申请文书给出了一些建议。 1．根据上文“For college applicants, a college essay is the place to showcase their writing skills and let their unique voice shine through. (对于大学申请者而言，大学申请文书就是展现其写作能力、让个人独特风格得以充分展现的平台。)”可知，前面提出大学论文的重要性，并结合下文给出的三个具体的建议。由此可知，C. The following are tips on writing a college essay. (以下是写大学申请文书的建议。)承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。 2．根据本段小标题“Getting Started on the College Essay (开始写大学申请文书)”及上文“A good time for students to begin working on their essays is the summer before senior year. (学生开始写大学申请文书的好时机是高三前的暑假。)”可知，本段是对开始写大学申请文书的时间给出的建议，说的是时间问题。由此可知，F. Starting early will give students plenty of time to work through the essay before deadlines. (尽早开始会让学生有足够的时间在截止日期前完成大学申请文书。)符合语境。 3．根据小标题 “How Long Should a College Essay Be?”（大学申请文书的长度应该是多少？）及下文“While we won’t stop reading after 650 words, we cannot promise that an overly wordy essay will hold our attention for as long as you’d hoped (虽然我们不会在650字之后停止阅读，但我们不能保证一篇单词过多的文章能像你希望的那样吸引我们的注意力)”可知，本段对文章的长度即词数给出的建议。由此可知，G. Though the Common App notes there are no strict word limit for an essay, it suggests no more than 650 words. (虽然通用申请指出，文章没有严格的字数限制，但它建议不超过650词。)符合语境。故选G项。 4．该空为小标题，根据下文“The most discouraging step in the essay writing process is figuring out what to write about. There are several topics to choose. (在大学申请文书写作过程中最令人沮丧的一步是弄清楚要写什么。有好几个主题可供选择。)”可知，本段主要是大学申请文书的主题选题问题方面的建议，topic为关键词。由此可知，B. How to Pick a College Essay Topic. (如何选择大学申请文书主题。)符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“Rather, students should narrow their focus and write about a specific experience or hobby that reveals something personal, like how they think, what they value or what their strengths are. Students can also write about something that illustrates an aspect of their background. (相反，学生应该缩小他们的注意力范围，写一个具体的经历或爱好，揭示一些个人的东西，比如他们是如何思考的，他们看重什么，或者他们的优势是什么。学生也可以写一些能说明他们背景的东西。)”可知，上文就大学申请文书主题已给出了具体的建议，由此可知，E. These are the types of essays that stand out to admissions officers. (这些类型的大学申请文书对招生官来说很突出。)符合语境，These指代上文like how they think, what they value or what their strengths are.及something that illustrates an aspect of their background这些建议的题材。故选E项。 Passage 2 Growing up, I found the word Saturday almost equaled cleaning in my family. As soon as any child was able to use a dust cloth, he or she was assigned a chore (家务活). 6 Exceptions were made of course, but the older we grew, the more my parents expected us to balance these responsibilities. Chores were part of my family's way of functioning. We complained and tried to avoid them, but we never questioned why we did them. As a family, we all had roles in keeping the home running smoothly, and the responsibility grew with age. 7 When I was a kid, I knew when doing chores I was helping my family. It wasn't until I grew into adulthood that I realized that chores are more than a list of tasks. 8 Being assigned chores communicates that each family member is needed and that their action or non-action affects every single other person living under the same roof. Handling daily household chores is never easy, but doing them out of love for my family makes it manageable. 9 I enjoy jumping in to help whenever my parents need a hand. While working together, we have the chance to have meaningful conversations, share experiences, and build memories. 10 Household chores mean learning how to manage responsibility and understand kids' role, not to mention practicing discipline, time management, and selflessness. All these consequences would seem to tip the scales (天平) in favor of chores. A．It made sense to us, as much as we disliked it. B．They create a sense of belonging within a family. C．Household chores were a source of great stress for us. D．Actually, doing chores alongside my family can make them a joy. E．We had to complete our assigned chores before school assignments. F．Allowing children to share burdens helps them recognize their strengths. G．It also comes as no surprise that chores are important for personal growth. 【答案】6．E 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．G 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己成长过程中做家务的经历，阐述了做家务不仅有助于家庭正常运转，还对个人成长有重要意义。 【详解】 6．根据上文“As soon as any child was able to use a dust cloth, he or she was assigned a chore (家务活).(一旦孩子能够使用抹布，他或她就会被分配一项家务活)”以及下文“Exceptions were made of course, but the older we grew, the more my parents expected us to balance these responsibilities(当然也有例外，但我们年龄越大，父母就越希望我们平衡这些责任)”可知，我们年龄越大，父母就越希望我们平衡这些责任，可推理出空白处说的是作家务和其他事情之间的关系，E选项“We had to complete our assigned chore before school assignments(我们必须在完成学校作业之前完成分配给我们的家务)”表达的含义符合语境，进一步说明了孩子做家务的情况，强调了做家务的时间要求，与上下文衔接紧密，故选E项。 7．根据上文“We complained and tried to avoid them, but we never questioned why we did them. As a family, we all had roles in keeping the home running smoothly, and the responsibility grew with age(我们抱怨并试图逃避家务，但我们从不质疑为什么要做这些家务。作为一个家庭，我们在维持家庭正常运转方面都有各自的角色，而且责任随着年龄的增长而增加)”可知，虽然大家不喜欢做家务，但做家务在维持家庭正常运转方面也是一种责任，因此做家务是有意义的。A 选项“It made sense to us, as much as we disliked it.(尽管我们很不喜欢做家务，但这对我们来说是有意义的)”能够承接上文，表达了虽然不喜欢但也认可做家务的意义，符合语境，故选A项。 8．根据上文“It wasn't until I grew into adulthood that I realized that chores are more than a list of tasks.(直到我成年后，我才意识到家务不仅仅是一系列的任务)”以及下文“Being assigned chores communicates that each family member is needed and that their action or non-action affects every single other person living under the same roof(被分配家务表明每个家庭成员都是被需要的，而且他们的行为或不作为会影响到住在同一屋檐下的每一个人)”可知，此处应是说明家务在家庭方面的意义。B选项“They create a sense of belonging within a family.(它们在家庭中创造了一种归属感)”符合语境，进一步阐述了家务在家庭中所起到的作用，与上下文内容相符，故选B项。 9．根据上文“Handling daily household chores is never easy, but doing them out of love for my family makes it manageable(处理日常家务从来都不容易，但出于对家人的爱去做这些家务，就会让家务变得可以应对)”以及下文“I enjoy jumping in to help whenever my parents need a hand. While working together, we have the chance to have meaningful conversations, share experiences, and build memories(每当父母需要帮助时，我都很乐意帮忙。在一起做家务的过程中，我们有机会进行有意义的对话，分享经历，并留下美好的回忆)”可知，此处应是表达和家人一起做家务是一种乐趣。D选项“Actually, doing chores alongside my family can make them a joy.(实际上，和家人一起做家务可以让它们成为一种乐趣)”符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用，既承接了上文因为对家人的爱使做家务变得可以应对，又引出了下文和家人一起做家务的乐趣，故选D项。 10．根据下文“Household chores mean learning how to manage responsibility and understand kids’ role, not to mention practicing discipline, time management, and selflessness. All these consequences would seem to tip the scales (天平) in favor of chores(家务意味着学习如何管理责任，理解孩子的角色，更不用说培养自律、时间管理和无私精神了。所有这些结果似乎都倾向于支持做家务)”可知，此处应是强调做家务对个人成长的重要性。G选项“It also comes as no surprise that chores are important for personal growth.(家务对个人成长很重要，这一点也不足为奇)”符合语境，能够引出下文对做家务在个人成长方面意义的阐述，故选G项。 · 位置设空题 Passage 1 No fight can end, and no friendship can move on, until everyone says these little words: I’m sorry. Sometimes, though, they can be difficult to say. 1 It’s not about winning. Friendships aren’t like the Super Bowl, and there should never be a winner and a loser. When you start fighting with a friend, it may feel important that you “win” the fight by proving you’re right and he is wrong, or by making him be the first to apologize. In reality, you’ll BOTH LOSE if you let your fight ruin your friendship, and you will BOTH WIN if you find a way to heal it. 2 You may have heard the expression “His pride stood in the way.” It is usually used to describe a person who is so determined to be “right” that he lets an opportunity for happiness pass him by forever. 3 Remember: as time goes on, we usually forget who was right and who was wrong in a disagreement, and only remember the sadness of losing a friend. Take the first step. Are you sick of fighting? Do you think this fight is just not important enough to ruin your friendship? 4 You don’t have to take full responsibility(责任) for starting the fight, or even say that your feelings were wrong. But you should find something you did or said that’s worth apologizing for. Maybe you’re sorry that you let the fight go for so long, or that you overreacted(反应过度) to something your friend did. If you say you’re sorry, it’s like an invitation for your friend to do the same.   5 A．Then try to be the first to apologize. B．Stop thinking about your pride. C．It’s about taking some responsibility for the argument. D．Don’t let this happen to a friendship you care about. E．Here are some things to keep in mind. F．There are some special cases when you shouldn’t be the one to apologize first. G．Once you’ve both said it, you’ll both feel a million times better. 【答案】11．E 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，本文叙述了朋友之间难免有战争，但是谁也不想第一个道歉，本文给出了几条建议。一是不要考虑谁赢的问题；二是放下你的自尊；三是勇敢地迈出第一步，试图做第一个道歉的人。 1．根据上文“Sometimes, though, they can be difficult to say.(然而，有时候，它们很难说。)”可知，有时道歉的话很难说出口，根据下文可知是给出的几个建议，E项“下面是一些需要记住的事情。”引起下文，故选E项。 2．根据下文“You may have heard the expression ‘His pride stood in the way.’(你可能听过这样一句话：‘他的骄傲挡住了路。’)”可知，本段主要讲述不要让骄傲阻碍道歉，B项“停止想着你的骄傲”符合语境。故选B项。 3．根据上文“It is usually used to describe a person who is so determined to be “right” that he lets an opportunity for happiness pass him by forever.(它通常用来描述一个人非常坚定要做“正确的事”，以至于让一个幸福的机会永远从他身边溜走)”可知，此处描述一个不正确的做法，D项“不要让这种事发生在你所关心的友谊上。”承接上文，符合语境，故选D项。 4．根据本段主题句“Take the first step.(迈出第一步)”及下文“You don’t have to take full responsibility(责任) for starting the fight, or even say that your feelings were wrong. But you should find something you did or said that’s worth apologizing for.(你不必为争吵的开始承担全部责任，甚至不必说你的感觉是错误的。但你应该找到你做过或说过的值得道歉的事。)”可知，此处是说要先道歉，A项“然后试着第一个道歉。”符合语境。故选A项。 5．根据上文“If you say you’re sorry, it’s like an invitation for your friend to do the same.(如果你说对不起，这就像邀请你的朋友做同样的事情。)”可知，有一个人道歉，就像邀请另一个人也道歉，G项“一旦你们都说出来，你们都会感觉好多了。”承接上文，总结两人都说了对不起之后的心情，故选G项。 Passage 2 A good night’s sleep or even a quick nap leaves you recharged and energetic. While it’s possible to fall asleep anywhere, people always look for comfortable places to get some sleep. The “potato bed” is a new lifestyle trend (趋势). 6 The sleeper lies in the middle, with soft pillows and blankets (毯子) all around. What Is a Potato Bed 7 It is created by putting comfortable items together — pillows, feather quilts, natural cloth and blankets. This sleeping way can provide warmth and gentle deep pressure. To make a potato bed, you can begin by turning a bedsheet that normally fits around a cushion, upside down. Then, line its inside edge with blankets and pillows. Fill a comfortable quilt in the middle and then get in. Cocooning (作茧) for a Better Night’s Sleep The potato bed is all about “cocooning” or building a comfortable “nest-like” sleeping space. This sleeping method may support better rest. It makes your body feel peaceful and your mind feels safe. 8 When and How to Use the Potato Bed Cocooning may help reduce anxiety by creating a sense of being held, but the trend isn’t for everyone. It may not be suitable for young children, pets or disabled persons as they may struggle to safely move in limited spaces. 9 That can cause backaches. For this reason, experts suggest using this trend only for a short period of time, rather than throughout the night. Testing Out the Potato Bed Another possible concern about this trend is that some may become dependent on it to fall asleep. However, for many, the potato bed provides a harmless and calming experience. 10 If you have had a good night’s sleep, and you wake up with no aches and pains, then the chances are that you are sleeping fine and your sleeping environment is great. A．So, it’s easier for you to fall asleep. B．It lets people sleep like a cooked potato. C．Thick blankets can create too much heat. D．You had better tell your family before making it. E．A potato bed is an extra-comfortable sleeping corner. F．It’s easy to test whether potato-bedding works for you. G．The potato bed may also lead to unnatural sleeping positions. 【答案】6．B 7．E 8．A 9．G 10．F 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了新型睡眠方式“土豆床”，说明其构造、助眠优势，同时指出适用人群、潜在问题，并给出测试是否适合自己的方法。 【详解】6．由上文“The “potato bed” is a new lifestyle trend (趋势). (“土豆床” 是一种新的生活方式潮流。)”可知，空格处需要对“土豆床”进行形象化解释。B项“It lets people sleep like a cooked potato. (它让人们像煮熟的土豆一样睡觉。)”符合语境，其中it指代上文“potato bed”，有承上作用。故选B项。 7．由上文“What Is a Potato Bed (什么是土豆床)”可知，空格处需要给出土豆床的定义。E项 “A potato bed is an extra-comfortable sleeping corner. (土豆床是一个无比舒适的睡眠角落。)” 符合语境，该句直接对主题进行定义，总领本段内容。故选E项。 8．由上文“It makes your body feel peaceful and your mind feels safe. (它让你的身体感到平静，内心感到安全。)”可知，空格处需要说明这种感受带来的结果。A项“So, it’s easier for you to fall asleep. (因此，你会更容易入睡。)”符合语境，该句承接上文好处，有承上作用。故选A项。 9．由下文“That can cause backaches. (那会导致背痛。)”可知，空格处需要说明导致背痛的原因。G 项“The potato bed may also lead to unnatural sleeping positions. (土豆床也可能导致不自然的睡姿。)”符合语境，该句引出下文不良后果，有承上作用。故选G项。 10．由下文“If you have had a good night’s sleep, and you wake up with no aches and pains, then the chances are that you are sleeping fine and your sleeping environment is great. (如果你睡了一晚好觉，醒来没有任何疼痛，那么很可能你的睡眠状况良好，睡眠环境也很棒。)”可知，空格处需要引出测试是否适合自己的内容。F项“It’s easy to test whether potato-bedding works for you.(很容易测试土豆床是否适合你。)”符合语境，该句总领下文测试方法，有承上作用。故选F项。 Passage 3 Many people today feel tired in mind as phone alerts, short videos, and broken information compete for their attention. This can hurt connections in the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center, and raise the risk of forgetting. 1 Reading strengthens the brain. A study found that reading changes the brain’s structure. Researchers observed that individuals who engaged in reading, even if they learned later in life, improved cognitive (认知的) efficiency. 2 Experts recommend these daily practices to rebuild deep reading capacity. Exercise improves brain health. 3 A study found that participants who engaged in strength training three times a week for six months saw measurable growth in the hippocampus, while those who did not exercise experienced age-related reduction. Researchers recommend four categories of brain-friendly exercise: moderate aerobic activity like swimming; high-intensity interval training for experienced exercisers; skill-based sports combining movement with thinking and resistance training, such as weightlifting. 4 Quality rest is important for memory consolidation (巩固). During non-REM sleep, the hippocampus “replays” daytime experiences, transforming short-term impressions into long-term memory. Lack of sleep breaks this process, and catching up later does not fully make up for the damage. Music awakens the brain. Music activates several brain regions at the same time. 5 Musicians, for example, often show enlarged brain areas linked to fine motor skills and pitch recognition. Listening to or practicing music can therefore serve as a cross-sensory “workout” for the brain. A．Going to bed early protects the brain. B．Catching up on sleep repairs the harm to the brain. C．Physical activity benefits not only the body but also the brain. D．Luckily, there are some accessible strategies to sharpen the mind. E．Regular physical activity contributes significantly to our well-being. F．It can enhance hearing motor control and even academic performance. G．Recalling song lyrics and summarizing articles are all useful exercises. 【答案】11．D 12．G 13．C 14．A 15．F 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种提升大脑认知能力、改善记忆的有效策略。 【详解】11．上文“Many people today feel tired in mind...and raise the risk of forgetting.(如今很多人因信息分心感到精神疲惫，这会损伤大脑记忆中枢，增加遗忘风险)”指出当下人们大脑受干扰、记忆力受损的问题。下文分别介绍阅读、运动、休息、音乐四种健脑方法，空处起到承上启下的过渡作用。选项D“Luckily, there are some accessible strategies to sharpen the mind.(幸运的是，有一些可行的方法可以磨砺大脑思维_”既回应前文的问题，又引出后文的解决策略，符合语境。故选D。 12．上文“Reading strengthens the brain. A study found that reading changes the brain’s structure. Researchers observed that individuals who engaged in reading, even if they learned later in life, improved cognitive (认知的) efficiency.(阅读能强化大脑，研究表明阅读可改变大脑结构、提升认知效率)”介绍阅读对大脑的益处，空后“Experts recommend these daily practices to rebuild deep reading capacity.(专家推荐这些日常练习来重建深度阅读能力)”提到具体日常练习，空处需衔接阅读与相关练习。选项G“Recalling song lyrics and summarizing articles are all useful exercises.(回忆歌词、总结文章都是有用的练习)”贴合后文“daily practices”，具体列举健脑练习方式，符合语境。故选G。 13．由上文“Exercise improves brain health. (运动有益于大脑健康)”点明本段核心是运动对大脑的好处，下文“A study found that participants who engaged in strength training three times a week for six months saw measurable growth in the hippocampus, while those who did not exercise experienced age-related reduction. (一项研究发现，每周进行三次力量训练，持续六个月的参与者海马体有明显的增长，而不进行锻炼的参与者则出现了与年龄相关的海马体缩小)”用研究证明运动对大脑的积极作用，可知本段主要介绍了运动对大脑的益处，C选项“Physical activity benefits not only the body but also the brain. (身体活动不仅对身体有益，对大脑也有益)”能承接上文，且该选项中的“Physical activity”与下文的“strength training”相呼应，表示运动对大脑的益处。故选C。 14．由下文“Quality rest is important for memory consolidation (巩固). (高质量的休息对记忆巩固很重要)”围绕睡眠、休息对大脑和记忆的作用展开，可知本段主要介绍了睡眠对大脑的重要性，A选项“Going to bed early protects the brain. (早睡保护大脑)”符合题意，且该选项中的“Going to bed early”与下文的“Quality rest”相呼应，表示早睡是高质量休息的一种。故选A。 15．由上文“Music awakens the brain. Music activates several brain regions at the same time. (音乐唤醒大脑。音乐同时激活大脑的几个区域)”介绍音乐对大脑的激活作用以及下文“Musicians, for example, often show enlarged brain areas linked to fine motor skills and pitch recognition. (例如，音乐家的大脑中与精细运动技能和音高识别相关的区域通常会扩大)”举例说明音乐对大脑能力的提升，可知本段主要介绍了音乐对大脑的益处，F 选项“It can enhance hearing motor control and even academic performance. (它可以提升听觉、运动控制，甚至提升学业成绩)”符合题意，且该选项中的“It”指代上文的“Music”，进一步解释了音乐对大脑的益处。故选F。 Passage 4 How to Build a Strong Relationship with Your Roommate Living with a roommate can be a great experience, but it also has the potential to be a nightmare if not managed properly. 16 Here are some tips to help you build a strong relationship with your roommate. Communicate openly and honestly Communication is key in any relationship, and the one with your roommate is no exception. 17 For example, if something they do bothers you, don’t let it fester inside. Instead, have an open conversation with them about it. Be respectful and use “I” statements to express how you feel. For instance, say “I feel uncomfortable when the dishes are left in the sink for too long” rather than “You always leave the dishes in the sink and it’s disgusting.” Set clear boundaries 18 Decide on things like what time quiet hours start, how to share common spaces, and what to do if one of you has guests over. By setting these boundaries early on, you can avoid potential conflicts down the road. If your roommate has a different idea about a boundary, have a discussion to find a middle ground that works for both of you. Respect each other’s belongings Your roommate’s possessions are just as important as yours. 19 If you need to borrow something, always ask first. And if you accidentally damage or lose something of theirs, be honest and offer to replace it. Similarly, expect your roommate to treat your things with the same respect. Share responsibilities A shared living space means shared responsibilities. 20 Divide tasks like cleaning the bath-room, taking out the trash, and grocery shopping. You can create a schedule to make sure everything gets done regularly. This not only keeps the living environment clean and comfortable but also shows that you’re both committed to making the place a nice one to live in. Building a strong relationship with your roommate takes time and effort, but by following these tips, you can create a harmonious living situation that benefits both of you. A．Avoid making assumptions about each other. B．This includes respecting their personal space as well. C．It’s important to be clear about what is acceptable and what isn’t. D．Both of you should contribute to keeping the place clean and organized. E．To ensure a positive living experience, it’s crucial to get along well with your roommate. F．Regularly talk to each other about your thoughts, feelings, and expectations. G．Try to find common interests and activities that you can enjoy together. 【答案】16．E 17．F 18．C 19．B 20．D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了与室友建立良好关系的方法，包括坦诚沟通、设定明确界限、尊重彼此物品、分担责任等，强调做好这些能营造和谐的居住环境。 16．上文“Living with a roommate can be a great experience, but it also has the potential to be a nightmare if not managed properly.(和室友一起生活可能是一段很棒的经历，但如果管理不当，也有可能变成一场噩梦。)”说明了与室友一起生活可能带来的两种截然不同的结果；E选项“To ensure a positive living experience, it’s crucial to get along well with your roommate.(为了确保有一个积极的生活体验，和你的室友相处融洽是至关重要的。)”承接上文，进一步强调了与室友相处融洽的重要性，以避免生活变成噩梦，符合题意。故选E。 17．上文“Communication is key in any relationship, and the one with your roommate is no exception.(在任何关系中，沟通都是关键，和室友的关系也不例外。)”强调了沟通在室友关系中的重要性；F选项“Regularly talk to each other about your thoughts, feelings, and expectations.(定期和对方交流你的想法、感受和期望。)”具体说明了如何进行沟通，即定期交流想法、感受和期望，符合题意。故选F。 18．上文“Set clear boundaries(设定明确的界限)”是本段的主题句，强调了设定界限的重要性；C选项“It’s important to be clear about what is acceptable and what isn’t.(明确什么是可以接受的，什么是不可以接受的，这很重要。)”进一步解释了为什么需要设定明确的界限，即要清楚哪些行为是可以接受的，哪些是不可以接受的，符合题意。故选C。 19．上文“Your roommate’s possessions are just as important as yours.(你室友的财物和你的财物一样重要。)”强调了尊重室友财物的重要性；B选项“This includes respecting their personal space as well.(这也包括尊重他们的个人空间。)”进一步扩展了尊重的范围，不仅包括财物，还包括个人空间，符合题意。故选B。 20．上文“A shared living space means shared responsibilities.(共享的生活空间意味着共同的责任。)”强调了共同责任的重要性；D选项“Both of you should contribute to keeping the place clean and organized.(你们两个都应该为保持这个地方干净整洁做出贡献。)”具体说明了共同责任的一个方面，即保持生活空间的干净整洁，符合题意。故选D。 · 细节线索题 Passage 1 I vividly remember the process of moving in for the first time: stuffing clothes, comfort items, and pieces of my childhood into various bags and boxes. It was a whirlwind (旋风)of excitement. 1 What would it be like living at college? Would I get along with my roommate? How would I make friends with complete strangers? 2 I had always felt like I struggled more than others to find “my people.” In high school, I had a few close friends, but it always seemed like everyone else had these big, inseparable friend groups that did everything together. I wanted that, and the sense of belonging, too. Like many, I was attracted by the first people I met in college. 3 We lived next to each other, ate together, and stayed up late together. They were my early friend group, and they brought laughter, growth, and memories — both positive and negative. Those highs and lows taught me an important lesson: Not every friendship is meant to last, and that’s okay. Your friendships don’t just impact your social life — they affect your motivation, your academics, and, among other things, your sense of self. I have found it valuable to surround myself with people who share my values to keep me grounded. 4 College is one of the few places in life where you’re surrounded by people from vastly different backgrounds and experiences. Keeping an open mind is just as important as finding common ground. College can be, and probably will be, chaotic. People come and go. You’ll probably cry over friendships that didn’t work out. 5 That’s all part of the process. Over time, you will find your people. A．They’re part of your story. B．But it was also filled with uncertainty. C．I wouldn’t trade my friendship for anything. D．They mostly so happened to be the people on my floor. E．That said, don’t limit yourself to just those who are like you. F．You may smile at memories with people no longer close with. G．Of all the unknowns, the last question consumed me the most. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．D 4．E 5．F 【语篇导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者在大学的经历讲述了如何在大学交朋友、正确的友谊观以及如何对待失去的友情。 1．上文“I vividly remember the process of moving in for the first time: stuffing clothes, comfort items, and pieces of my childhood into various bags and boxes. It was a whirlwind (旋风)of excitement. (我清晰地记得第一次搬进去的情景：把衣服、贴心物件，还有承载着童年回忆的物品，一一塞进大大小小的袋子和箱子里。那真是一段满心激动的时光。)”描述了作者兴奋的状态，下文“What would it be like living at college? Would I get along with my roommate? How would I make friends with complete strangers? (住在大学里会是什么样子？我能和我的室友处得好吗？我怎么和完全陌生的人交朋友？)”指出了作者的一系列担忧。由此可知，作者在兴奋的同时也有一些不确定的地方。B项“但它也充满了不确定性。”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。 2．下文“I had always felt like I struggled more than others to find “my people.” In high school, I had a few close friends, but it always seemed like everyone else had these big, inseparable friend groups that did everything together. I wanted that, and the sense of belonging, too. (我一直觉得，自己比别人更难找到 “同类挚友”。高中时，我有几个要好的朋友，但总感觉其他人都有那种庞大又形影不离的朋友圈，做什么事都一起。我也渴望那样的圈子，渴望那种归属感。)”推测，最让作者困惑的问题是在大学如何交到志同道合的朋友。G项“在所有的未知中，最后一个问题最让我困惑。”符合语境，承接上文的最后一个问题，下文解释作者担心的原因。故选G。 3．上文“Like many, I was attracted by the first people I met in college. (和许多人一样，我被大学里遇到的第一批人所吸引。)”指出作者被遇到的第一批人吸引，由此推测，空处可能陈述这群人指的是“哪群”。D项“他们大多碰巧是我这一层的人。”符合语境，they指代上文的the first people。故选D。 4．上文“I have found it valuable to surround myself with people who share my values to keep me grounded. (我发现同和我有共同价值观的人在一起让我脚踏实地是很有价值的。)”指出与有共同价值观的人在一起很有价值，后文“College is one of the few places in life where you’re surrounded by people from vastly different backgrounds and experiences. Keeping an open mind is just as important as finding common ground. (大学是人生中少数能让你被背景和经历截然不同的人围绕的地方之一。保持开放心态，和寻找共同话题同样重要。)”转而陈述要和不同背景和经历的人交往。由此可知，在大学不要局限于与自己有共同价值观的人在一起。E项“尽管如此，不要把自己局限在只和与你相似的人交往上。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 5．上文“College can be, and probably will be, chaotic. People come and go. You’ll probably cry over friendships that didn’t work out. (大学可能会是，而且大概率就是混乱无序的。身边的人来来去去，你或许还会为那些无疾而终的友谊掉眼泪。)”指出身边的朋友可能离开，下文“That’s all part of the process. Over time, you will find your people. (这都是成长过程中的一部分。久而久之，你总会找到与自己合拍的挚友。)”指出随着时间的流逝我们可以找到挚友。由此推测，空处承接上文继续陈述可能会怎样对待失去的友谊。F项“你可能会微笑着回忆那些不再亲近的人。”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 2 A friendship doesn’t begin with the hope that it will end. We invest time and energy, not believing that our efforts could ultimately be fruitless. 6 When things said or done cause a breakdown in trust or closeness, you can reconnect with a friend you’ve grown apart from by starting a conversation. 7 So take time to reflect on what exactly happened between you and your friend. When knowing what went wrong in the relationship, you are often better equipped with an understanding of what you could say to make things right again. If you and your friend need to have a serious heart-to-heart conversation, it’s a good idea to select the right time and place to talk. Choose a time when you both have some open availability. Don’t try to jam in a heavy conversation in a half-hour lunch break on a workday. 8 A public place is generally not the best place to have a serious and emotional conversation with a friend. There may be moments in the conversation when you feel-yourself tense up, want to shut down or explode in anger. 9 Otherwise, they can become roadblocks that make it impossible to have a productive conversation. When feeling like interrupting or talking over your friend, take a deep breath and keep calm. Friendships take time to rebuild especially if trust has been broken. Don’t expect things to go right back to normal once you and your friend talk through things. 10 A．Also, find a setting that’s private. B．You can’t fix a problem you don’t make out. C．Nevertheless, friendships aren’t always forever. D．Try to notice these urges without acting on them. E．Whatever the reason, don’t hesitate to take action. F．Instead, go slowly and gradually reestablish closeness. G．You both have a say on how to strengthen bonds with the other. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．F 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了友谊的不确定性和不一定持久的特性，提供了关于修复友谊的实用建议。 【详解】6．根据上文“A friendship doesn’t begin with the hope that it will end. We invest time and energy, not believing that our efforts could ultimately be fruitless. (一段友谊不是从希望结束开始的。我们投入时间和精力，不相信我们的努力最终会徒劳无功。)”可知，投入时间和精力后人们不相信努力会徒劳无功，结合下文关于修复友谊的方法推知，空处指出友谊也并不是永恒的，C项“Nevertheless, friendships aren’t always forever. (然而，友谊并不总是永恒的。)”承上启下，引出话题，故选C项。 7．根据下文“So take time to reflect on what exactly happened between you and your friend. (所以花点时间反思一下你和你的朋友之间到底发生了什么。)”可知，需要先搞清楚问题所在，B项“You can’t fix a problem you don’t make out. (如果你不明白问题所在，就无法解决问题)”符合文意，故选B项。 8．根据下文“A public place is generally not the best place to have a serious and emotional conversation with a friend. (公共场所通常不是与朋友进行严肃和情感对话的最佳场所。)”可知，与朋友谈话应该找一个私密的环境，A项“Also, find a setting that’s private. (同样地，找一个私密的环境。)”符合文意，故选A项。 9．根据上文“There may be moments in the conversation when you feel-yourself tense up, want to shut down or explode in anger. (在谈话中，你可能会感到自己紧张，想要关闭或愤怒地爆发。)”可知，下文与tense up、want to shut down 和explode in anger这样的冲动情绪有关，D项“Try to notice these urges without acting on them. (试着意识到这些冲动，但不要采取行动。)”符合题意，these urges呼应上文提到的几种冲动，故选D项。 10．根据上文“Friendships take time to rebuild especially if trust has been broken. Don’t expect things to go right back to normal once you and your friend talk through things. (友谊需要时间来重建，尤其是在信任被打破的情况下。不要指望一旦你和你的朋友谈完事情，事情就会恢复正常。)”可知，友谊需要时间，慢慢建立起亲密关系，F项“Instead, go slowly and gradually reestablish closeness. (相反，慢慢来，逐渐重新建立亲密关系。)”符合文意，故选F项。 Passage 3 Do Weighted Blankets (毯子) Have Health Benefits? As temperatures drop, a weighted blanket can be a popular choice to help you keep warm. Some people say the extra pressure of the cover also helps ease their worries and fall asleep faster. Do they really have such effects? 11 What are weighted blankets? Weighted blankets are filled with small glass balls, cotton, or another filling. 12 Scientists may not know exactly how the blankets bring comfort, but they have some ideas. How do people use weighted blankets? For most healthy adults, experts suggest choosing a blanket that is about 10 percent of their body weight. 13 For example, some people may find them too hot to use, especially during warmer weather. People with breathing problems should check with a doctor before using weighted blankets. 14 They can be costly. A quality weighted blanket can cost more. This depends on the size, weight, and material. A famous writer from Wales also uses a weighted blanket. Her anxiety increases during winter. So, she uses her weighted blanket to fall asleep. She says when she sleeps well, her body is relaxed, and her mind relaxes too. Can weighted blankets improve sleep? There is little scientific research on whether weighted blankets help with sleep, anxiety, or other health issues. The studies that exist involve small groups of people. 15 They include sleep issues, long-term pain, and mental and developmental disorders. A study of 120 sleepless people found that weighted blankets helped them sleep better compared to light blankets. A．Some people may not afford them. B．But the blankets are not good for everyone. C．Weighted blankets are popular with women. D．This makes them heavier than usual blankets. E．And most of the study subjects are people with health problems. F．A weighted blanket is better at reducing pain than a light blanket. G．However, research on the effectiveness of weighted blankets is limited. 【答案】11．G 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．E 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍重力毯的定义、使用方法、优缺点，并探讨其是否真的对睡眠和健康有益。 11．根据前文“As temperatures drop, a weighted blanket can be a popular choice to help you keep warm. Some people say the extra pressure of the cover also helps ease their worries and fall asleep faster. Do they really have such effects?(随着气温下降，重力毯成为保暖的热门选择。有人说毯子额外的压力还能缓解焦虑、让人更快入睡。它们真的有这些效果吗？)”可知，前文提出重力毯是否有益的疑问，此空应说明相关研究有限，G选项“However, research on the effectiveness of weighted blankets is limited.(然而，关于重力毯功效的研究是有限的。)”承接前文的问题，符合语境。故选G项。 12．根据前文“Weighted blankets are filled with small glass balls, cotton, or another filling.(重力毯里填充了小玻璃珠、棉花或其他填充物。)”可知，前文介绍重力毯的填充物，此空应说明这让它比普通毯子更重，D选项“This makes them heavier than usual blankets.(这使得它们比普通的毯子更重。)”解释了重力毯名称的由来，符合语境。故选D项。 13．根据前文“For most healthy adults, experts suggest choosing a blanket that is about 10 percent of their body weight.(对于大多数健康的成年人，专家建议选择体重约10%重量的毯子。)”以及后文“For example, some people may find them too hot to use, especially during warmer weather. People with breathing problems should check with a doctor before using weighted blankets.(例如，有些人可能觉得它们太热而无法使用，尤其是在天气较暖和的时候。有呼吸问题的人在使用重力毯前应咨询医生。)”可知，后文说明重力毯并非适合所有人，此空应总起这一内容，B选项“But the blankets are not good for everyone.(但是这种毯子并非适合所有人。)”引出后文的不适用情况，符合语境。故选B项。 14．根据后文“They can be costly. A quality weighted blanket can cost more.(它们可能很昂贵。一条优质的重力毯价格更高。)”可知，后文提到重力毯价格高，此空应说明有些人可能买不起，A选项“Some people may not afford them.(有些人可能买不起它们。)”与后文价格话题一致，符合语境。故选A项。 15．根据前文“There is little scientific research on whether weighted blankets help with sleep, anxiety, or other health issues. The studies that exist involve small groups of people.(关于重力毯是否有助于睡眠、焦虑或其他健康问题的科学研究很少。现有的研究只涉及小部分人群。)”以及后文“They include sleep issues, long-term pain, and mental and developmental disorders.(这些问题包括睡眠问题、长期疼痛以及精神和发育障碍。)”可知，后文列举了研究对象的健康问题，此空应说明研究对象大多是有健康问题的人，E选项“And most of the study subjects are people with health problems.(而且大多数研究对象是有健康问题的人。)”引出后文的具体问题，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 4 In winter, people might reduce their outdoor exercise. The days get dark earlier, and it can be very cold. These conditions can make it harder for some people to get outdoors for exercise. However, cold days can be perfect for outdoor workouts! Health experts say the body must make extra heat to keep warm in low temperatures. 16    The winter season is also cold and flu season. Making outdoor exercise a usual part of your workout may help you avoid both colds and the flu. It may strengthen your body’s defense (防御) system. Some people who suffer from “winter blues” may benefit from going outside to exercise in the fresh air and sunshine. 17 More sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D．And vitamin D produces hormones that brighten your emotion. So, there are several health benefits of exercising outdoors in very cold weather. 18 Freezing injury is one of the most common. When the air temperature drops below zero, things freeze. Your fingers, toes, nose, and ears can be affected. Protecting them is very important. Cold winds affect these parts of the body more quickly than other parts. 19 When it’s very, very cold and winds are very, very strong, freezing injury can develop in as little as 5 minutes. However, if you are a generally healthy person, do not think you must move your workouts indoors in winter. 20 Thus you can get a lot out of a cold-weather workout. A．But there are also dangers. B．An outdoor workout increases sunlight time. C．You have to accept the results your decision brings. D．This means the body is burning more energy and fat. E．Dress properly, drink enough water and exercise safely. F．Freezing injury can happen quickly — in less than 30 minutes. G．Winter workouts can cut your risk of getting the flu by 20% to 30%. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．A 19．F 20．E 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍冬季室外锻炼虽有挑战，但益处良多，同时提醒注意冻伤风险，给出安全锻炼建议。 【详解】16．上文“Health experts say the body must make extra heat to keep warm in low temperatures. (健康专家表示，身体在低温下必须产生额外的热量来保持温暖)”解释了寒冷环境下身体的生理反应。D选项“This means the body is burning more energy and fat. (这意味着身体在燃烧更多的能量和脂肪)”承接上文，用“This means”对上文的生理反应进行解读，指出其直接结果——消耗更多能量和脂肪，为下文论述冬季锻炼的另一个益处做了铺垫。下文“The winter season is also cold and flu season. Making outdoor exercise a usual part of your workout may help you avoid both colds and the flu. (冬季也是感冒和流感季节。让户外锻炼成为你常规锻炼的一部分，可能有助于你避免感冒和流感)”则转向讨论冬季锻炼的另一个好处(增强免疫力)。故选D项。 17．上文“Some people who suffer from “winter blues” may benefit from going outside to exercise in the fresh air and sunshine.(一些患有“冬季忧郁症”的人可能会从到户外新鲜空气和阳光下锻炼中受益)”提到户外锻炼能接触阳光，帮助改善冬季忧郁。B选项“An outdoor workout increases sunlight time.(户外锻炼能增加晒太阳的时间)”承接上文，解释了为何户外锻炼能带来上述益处——因为它增加了接受阳光照射的时间，下文“More sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D.(更多的阳光有助于身体产生维生素D)”进一步承接B选项，说明增加晒太阳时间的好处，上下文逻辑连贯。故选B项。 18．上文“So, there are several health benefits of exercising outdoors in very cold weather.(因此，在严寒天气下进行户外锻炼有几个健康益处)”介绍冬季户外锻炼的益处，下文“Freezing injury is one of the most common.(冻伤是最常见的一种)”转而介绍冬季户外锻炼的风险，设空处需体现转折过渡。A选项“But there are also dangers.(但也存在一些危险)”符合语境，与上文构成转折关系，引出下文关于冻伤的风险。故选A项。 19．上文“Cold winds affect these parts of the body more quickly than other parts.(冷风对身体这些部位的影响比其他部位更快)”说明冷风易导致身体特定部位冻伤，下文“When it’s very, very cold and winds are very, very strong, freezing injury can develop in as little as 5 minutes.(在非常冷、风非常大的时候，冻伤可能在短短5分钟内发生)”具体说明冻伤发生的快速性。F选项“Freezing injury can happen quickly — in less than 30 minutes.(冻伤可能很快发生——不到30分钟)”承接上文，引出下文更具体的时间描述，既呼应上文“影响更快”，又为下文的具体举例做铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选F项。 20．上文“However, if you are a generally healthy person, do not think you must move your workouts indoors in winter. (然而，如果你是一个大体健康的人，不要认为冬天必须把锻炼转移到室内)”鼓励健康人群不要放弃冬季户外锻炼。E选项“Dress properly, drink enough water and exercise safely. (穿着适当、喝足够的水并安全地锻炼)”承接上文，具体指出了在冬季进行户外锻炼时应采取的正确做法。下文“Thus you can get a lot out of a cold-weather workout. (这样你就能从寒冷天气的锻炼中获得很多益处)”则指出遵循这些做法所能带来的回报，形成“鼓励—做法—回报”的逻辑链条。故选E项。 · 语段过渡题 Passage 1 Running is a great way to get fit, feel better and even form new relationships with other runners. 1 All it takes is a comfortable pair of shoes and a willingness to move a little or a lot, all at your own pace. The Well Guide makes it easy to get started, get inspired and stay on track. The absolute best way to keep yourself running is to find a race, sign up for it, pay for it and put it on your calendar. 2 A beginner can run any race — you just need to allow enough time to train for it. Pick your distance and use an online race finder like the Runner’s World Race or the Running UAS Race Map to help you find the right race for you. Some people are natural heel- strikers whose heels touch the ground first while others tend to lead with their toes. 3 And you are less likely to become injured if you simply maintain your natural stride. The more you run, the more comfortable that stride will feel and — even better — the more efficient your body will become. While most runners focus on shoes, socks can be important too. Blisters from bunched- up socks are painful and could prevent you from running for days. 4 Some running socks are made from a material that draws sweat away from your feet, preventing bacteria from accumulating between your toes which inevitably leads to smelly feet. 5 While there has been recent evidence that static stretching— holding a stretch for a period of time — can prevent serious muscle injuries like tears or strains, such types of injuries are uncommon in runners. In fact, holding a stretch too long can even make your muscles less powerful. A．However, people find it hard to get started. B．You need comfortable socks that let through air. C．You’d better hold a stretch before getting started. D．Starting a new running habit doesn’t have to be hard. E．You don’t have to waste your time stretching on the roadside. F．A fixed race date will help you stay focused and run regularly. G．The good news: neither form is necessarily better than the other. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．E 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍跑步入门技巧：养成跑步习惯并不难，报名赛事能助坚持，跑步落地姿势无优劣，选透气舒适袜子，无需刻意长时间静态拉伸。 【详解】1．前文“Running is a great way to get fit, feel better and even form new relationships with other runners.( 跑步是一种极好的保持健康、改善心情以及与其他跑步者建立新友谊的方式。)”讲跑步的诸多好处，后文“All it takes is a comfortable pair of shoes and a willingness to move a little or a lot, all at your own pace.(你只需要一双舒适的跑鞋和愿意稍微运动或大量运动的意愿，按照自己的节奏进行即可。)”说“只需要一双舒适的鞋子和迈步的意愿，全程按自己的节奏来”，且提到《健康指南》能帮人轻松开始跑步。空格处需衔接“跑步的好处” 和“跑步入门的简易性”，D项“Starting a new running habit doesn’t have to be hard.( 建立新的跑步习惯并不一定很难。)”恰好承上启下，打破“跑步很难开始”的潜在认知，与后文的简易要求呼应。故选D项。 2．前文“The absolute best way to keep yourself running is to find a race, sign up for it, pay for it and put it on your calendar. (让自己持续跑步的最佳方式是找到一场比赛，报名参加，支付费用，并将其列入日程表。)”核心建议是 “找一场比赛、报名、付费并写进日程表”，强调固定比赛日期对坚持跑步的作用；后文“A beginner can run any race — you just need to allow enough time to train for it.(初学者可以参加任何比赛——你只需要留出足够的时间进行训练即可。)”讲初学者也能参加比赛，只需预留训练时间。空格处需解释“报名比赛并定好日期”的意义，F项“A fixed race date will help you stay focused and run regularly.( 确定一个固定的比赛日期将有助于您保持专注并定期跑步。)”直接承接前文做法，说明其作用，与后文的“为比赛训练”形成逻辑闭环。故选F项。 3．前文“Some people are natural heel-strikers whose heels touch the ground first while others tend to lead with their toes.( 有些人是天生的脚跟着地者，他们的脚跟先着地，而其他人则倾向于用脚趾起跑。)”介绍两种跑步落地方式 —— 脚跟先着地、脚尖先着地；后文“And you are less likely to become injured if you simply maintain your natural stride.( 如果你只是保持自己的自然步态，就不太可能受伤。)”说“保持自然步幅更不易受伤，跑步越多步幅越舒适”。空格处需衔接两种落地方式，且体现“无需刻意改变”的核心，G 项“The good news: neither form is necessarily better than the other.( 好消息是：两种形式都不一定比另一种好。)”恰好契合，既总结了前文的两种形式，又为后文“保持自然步幅”做铺垫。故选G项。 4．前文“While most runners focus on shoes, socks can be important too.( 虽然大多数跑步者注重鞋子，但袜子也可能很重要。)”本段核心讲“袜子对跑步的重要性”，空前“Blisters from bunched-up socks are painful and could prevent you from running for days. (皱巴巴的袜子造成的水泡会很疼，还可能让你数天无法正常跑步。)”提皱巴巴的袜子会磨出水泡影响跑步，后文“Some running socks are made from a material that draws sweat away from your feet, preventing bacteria from accumulating between your toes which inevitably leads to smelly feet.(有些跑步袜是用一种能吸走脚部汗水的材料制成的，这样可以防止脚趾间滋生细菌，从而避免脚臭的产生。)”讲专业跑步袜的材质优势（吸汗、防臭）。空格处需围绕 “选合适的跑步袜” 展开，B项“You need comfortable socks that let through air.( 您需要穿透气性好的舒适袜子。)”承接前文“水泡问题”，提出选袜标准，与后文的专业跑步袜材质特点呼应。故选B项。 5．后文“While there has been recent evidence that static stretching — holding a stretch for a period of time— can prevent serious muscle injuries like tears or strains, such types of injuries are uncommon in runners. In fact, holding a stretch too long can even make your muscles less powerful.(虽然最近有证据表明，静态拉伸（即保持某个拉伸姿势一段时间）能够预防严重的肌肉损伤，如撕裂或拉伤，但这类损伤在跑步者中并不常见。事实上，拉伸时间过长甚至会使你的肌肉力量下降。)”说“静态拉伸虽能预防严重肌肉损伤，但这类损伤在跑步者中很少见，且拉伸过久会降低肌肉力量”，核心观点是无需刻意做长时间静态拉伸。空格处需作为段首主旨句，概括该观点，E项“You don’t have to waste your time stretching on the roadside.( 您不必在路边浪费时间做伸展运动。)”直接点题，与后文的拉伸相关分析形成总分结构。故选E项。 Passage 2 Short, all-out efforts or bursts of movement lasting from 15 seconds to a minute — known as sprinting — offer powerful benefits. And you don’t have to do it every day to see results. 6 . But for those without physical limitations or injuries, it can be an outstanding choice for variation in one’s workout routine. This style of training has been shown to improve VO2 (摄氧量) max, which is considered one of the best markers of cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness. 7 . As we age, we tend to lose fast-twitch muscle fibers in both size and volume. Sprinting helps preserve them, which can translate to better quickness and balance later in life. It’s also one of the few workouts that support bone development and benefit your brain. 8 ? You don’t need to do much of it. We’ve seen health benefits with just two sessions a week. 9 . But it’s more demanding than it looks. You can start with a solid fitness base. If you’re not there yet, walking or jogging may be a better entry point. Then, ideally with guidance from a trainer or coach, you can work sprint bursts into your routine. We recommend starting with two sessions a week and capping at three; otherwise, you may overdo it and wear your body out. Finally, don’t treat sprinting as a one-size-fits-all solution. 10 . Make sure that you’re covering all training zones — weight training, high intensity, low intensity exercise, mobility. If we start removing pieces, we run the risk of becoming imbalanced and then opening up the door for injury. A．Your body likes variation to adapt B．But what’s the most surprising part C．So, what’s the recommended frequency D．But the benefits go beyond the heart and lungs E．Sprinting sounds simple in theory — just run fast F．The high-impact sprinting isn’t right for everyone G．Sprinting is a good way for us to boost mental clarity 【答案】6．F 7．D 8．C 9．E 10．A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冲刺跑这种运动方式的益处、推荐频率、注意事项以及训练建议。 【详解】6．由上文“And you don’t have to do it every day to see results.(而且你不必每天都做就能看到效果)”以及下文“But for those without physical limitations or injuries, it can be an outstanding choice for variation in one’s workout routine.(但对于那些没有身体限制或伤病的人来说，它可以作为锻炼计划中多样化运动的绝佳选择)” 可知，本空要说冲刺跑并非适合所有人群。F选项“The high-impact sprinting isn’t right for everyone(这种高冲击性的冲刺跑并不适合所有人)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“isn’t right for everyone”与下文的“for those without physical limitations or injuries”相呼应，表示不同人群的适配差异。故选F。 7．由上文“This style of training has been shown to improve VO2 max, which is considered one of the best markers of cardiovascular fitness.(这种训练方式已被证明能提高最大摄氧量，而最大摄氧量被认为是心血管健康的最佳指标之一)”以及下文“As we age, we tend to lose fast-twitch muscle fibers in both size and volume. Sprinting helps preserve them(随着年龄增长，我们的快肌纤维在大小和数量上都会减少。冲刺跑有助于保护这些纤维)” 可知，本空要说冲刺跑的益处不局限于心血管方面。D选项“But the benefits go beyond the heart and lungs(但它的益处不止于心肺)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“the heart and lungs”指代上文的“cardiovascular fitness”，且该选项中的“benefits”与下文的“helps preserve them”相呼应，表示益处的延伸。故选D。 8．由上文“It’s also one of the few workouts that support bone development and benefit your brain.(它也是为数不多的既能促进骨骼发育又能有益大脑的运动之一)”以及下文“You don’t need to do much of it. We’ve seen health benefits with just two sessions a week.(你不需要做太多。每周只进行两次就能看到健康益处)”可知，本空要引出关于冲刺跑运动频率的问题。C选项“So, what’s the recommended frequency(那么，推荐的运动频率是多少呢)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“frequency”与下文的“two sessions a week”相呼应，表示对运动次数的提问与回答。故选C。 9．由下文“But it’s more demanding than it looks. You can start with a solid fitness base(但它比看起来的要求更高。你可以先打好扎实的体能基础)”可知，本空要说冲刺跑表面上看起来很简单，但是要求更高。E选项“Sprinting sounds simple in theory — just run fast(理论上冲刺跑听起来很简单——就是快跑而已)”符合题意，该选项中的“sounds simple”与下文的“more demanding than it looks”相呼应，表示理论与实际的反差。故选E。 10．由上文“Finally, don’t treat sprinting as a one-size-fits-all solution.(最后，不要把冲刺跑当作万能的运动方案)”以及下文“Make sure that you’re covering all training zones — weight training, high intensity, low intensity exercise, mobility.(确保你的训练涵盖所有类型——力量训练、高强度运动、低强度运动、灵活性训练)”可知，本空要说身体需要多样化的运动来适应。A选项“Your body likes variation to adapt(你的身体喜欢多样化运动来适应)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“variation”与下文的“all training zones”相呼应，表示运动多样化的重要性。故选A。   Passage 3 Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 11 ，but for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Associate with others. The first step to make friends is associating with people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 12 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful  skill in relating (关联的) with other people. 13 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 14 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 15 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be. A．Be cheerful. B．Do things together. C．Don’t wait to be spoken to. D．Try not to find fault with your friend. E．Making new friends comes easy for some people. F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 【答案】11．E 12．C 13．B 14．G 15．D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了如何交朋友并就维持友谊给出了几点建议：一要和其他的人联系；二要主动开始和别人交流；三是可以和朋友一起做事；四让友谊自然发展；五享受友谊。 【详解】11．根据设空上句“ But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend.(但是在我们的生活中也有这样的时候，比如我们最近搬到了一个新的城镇，或者换了学校或工作。这样的变化常常使我们失去朋友)”可知，有时生活中的 变化会使我们失去朋友。空格处应该描述失去朋友后应该再交朋友的情况，结合下文“but for many of us, the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.(但对我们中的许多人来说，这个过程是困难的，需要勇气。下面是一些关于如何交朋友和保持友谊的有用建议)”可知空格处需要解释“这个过程”是什么，且结合but可知空格处叙述内容与“困难的，需要勇气”相反，E选项“对有些人来说，结交新朋友很容易”符合题意。故选E。 12．根据设空上句“Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.(开始交谈是结交新朋友的第二重要步骤)”提到启动对话是交朋友的第二重要步骤，结合下文“You can always start the conversation.(你可以随时开始谈话)”可知，不要等着别人和你说话，你要主动和别人说话。选项C“不要等着别人跟你说话。”正好符合交友时要主动的态度。故选C。 13．空格处是本段的小标题，根据设空下句“Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together(选择有共同兴趣的朋友对于建立友谊很重要，因为这些兴趣总是把你和你的朋友联系在一起)”可知，此段强调与兴趣相同的人交友，选项B“一起做事情”符合题意，强调和你的朋友一起做事能有效帮助增进彼此的关系。故选B。 14．根据设空上文“It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.(保持联系是件好事。然而，尽量不要给你的新朋友打电话、发信息或拜访，因为这可能会让他或她精疲力竭，最终你可能会失去你的朋友)”和下文“The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.(最好的友谊是自然成长的)”可知，本段强调不应该过于逼迫新朋友，应该给他们时间适应，你们的关系会自然发展，选项G“所以你需要给你的朋友时间来回应你”与前后文吻合，要慢慢地来不要急，要给朋友考虑的时间。故选G。 15．结合小标题“Enjoy your friendship(享受你的友谊)”和设空下句“Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be(试着不要改变他们，让他们变成你想要的样子)”可知，本段描述的是欣赏朋友原本的样子，不改变他们。选项D“尽量不要挑朋友的毛病”正是享受友谊的一种体现，可以引出下文不要试图改变朋友。故选D。 Passage 4 Family is the most important thing in the world. Sometimes it can be hard to get along with family members but you love them. How can you have a better relationship with your family members? 16 ●Spend more time together. Think about how much time you spend with your family already. Is it enough? 17 Arrange time when you all have freedom to do things together. Go on a picnic, visit a museum, go to a sports match and so on. ●Improve yourself. Perhaps they complain about your grades, your attitude or your lack of goals; don’t assume it’s all nagging. Some of what they are saying is most likely for your own good, and they’re trying to protect you from life’s hardships and encourage you to be the best you can be. 18 ●Be as independent as you can. For example, don’t ask your father to wake you up in the morning. 19 Or, don’t expect your parents to help you out all the time, especially not as an adult. 20 If your parents come home late at night after work, try to make a simple dinner for them, instead of making your mother cook for you again. If your brother or sister is not doing well at school, show him or her how to succeed with the subjects. A．Be helpful. B．Make dinners yourself. C．Here are a few tips you can follow. D．Instead, set an alarm clock beside your table. E．You should understand why they complain about your performance. F．Improve your attitude and work on the things that family members comment on. G．If not, what can you do to improve things and find more time to spend together? 【答案】16．C 17．G 18．F 19．D 20．A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文就如何与家人建立更好的关系给出了几条建议。 16．根据上文“How can you have a better relationship with your family members?(你如何才能与家人建立更好的关系？)”并结合下文给出的几个建议推知，空处回答上文问题，并指出有解决的办法。C项“Here are a few tips you can follow.(以下是一些你可以遵循的建议)”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。 17．根据上文“Think about how much time you spend with your family already. Is it enough?(想想你花了多少时间和家人在一起了。如果不够呢？)”和下文推知，空处应对上文问题进行问答，G项“If not, what can you do to improve things and find more time to spend together?(如果没有，你能做些什么来改善事情，找到更多的时间在一起？)”符合题意，即回答了问题，又引出下文“Arrange time when you all have freedom to do things together. Go on a picnic, visit a museum, go to a sports match and so on. (安排时间，让你们都有自由一起做事情。去野餐，参观博物馆，参加体育比赛等等)”。故选G。 18．根据小标题“Improve yourself.(提高自己)”可知，本段的建议是提高/改善自己。F项“Improve your attitude and work on the things that family members comment on.(改善你的态度，并处理家人评论的事情)”符合文意，improve是关键词。故选F。 19．根据上文“For example, don’t ask your father to wake you up in the morning.(例如，不要让你的父亲早上叫醒你)”推知，下文应陈述不让父亲叫醒的话应该怎么做。D项“Instead, set an alarm clock beside your table.(相反，在你的桌子旁边放一个闹钟)”符合题意，且贴合本段主旨“Be as independent as you can.(尽可能独立)”。故选D。 20．空处为本段小标题。根据下文“If your parents come home late at night after work, try to make a simple dinner for them, instead of making your mother cook for you again. If your brother or sister is not doing well at school, show him or her how to succeed with the subjects.(如果你的父母下班后很晚才回家，试着给他们做一顿简单的晚餐，而不是让你的母亲再给你做饭。如果你的哥哥或姐姐在学校表现不好，告诉他或她如何在科目上取得成功)”可知，我们在家应该尽可能地帮助家人。A项“Be helpful.(有帮助)”可以概括本段，作为小标题。故选A。 · 主旨概括题 Passage 1 How to Teach Respect Respect is one of the most important, fundamental skills a child can ever learn. A sense of respect is important for succeeding in school, holding down a job, and having adult relationships. 1 . So it is parents' responsibility to teach their kids these skills. You should set a good example to your kids. When it comes to teaching children respect, it all boils down to this. Children are easily affected by what they see. 2 . Live a kind, caring, respectful life and your children will learn that this is the way adults are expected to behave. You should encourage activities that require sharing and cooperation. One of the reasons that respect is so important is that it's needed to form helpful friendships and relationships with others. Teach your children that respect allows them to build bridges by giving them fun opportunities to work with teammates and partners toward a mutual (共同的) goal. If they get rude, warn them. 3 . You should control your own negative emotions. Children don't have the argumentative skills that adults do. 4 . Worse, it can teach them that it's OK to yell or threaten other people when they become frustrated. Show them that difficult situations are best conquered with a cool head. 5 . Patience is a sign of respect. It may take some children longer to learn how to behave respectfully around others. Becoming impatient with children only teaches them to become impatient people, so instead take time to explain the problem to your children. A．You should be patient B．If they keep it up, end the activity C．You should read some stories about respect to your kids D．Using your own behavior to teach your kids needs much time E．The number one place that children learn respect is in the home F．Losing your temper can be a scary, confusing experience for them G．In addition, they naturally look up to their parents and imitate them 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．B 4．F 5．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何教会孩子学会尊重的几种方式。 【详解】1．根据后句“So it is parents' responsibility to teach their kids these skills.(因此，父母有责任教给他们的孩子这些技能)”可知，E项“The number one place that children learn respect is in the home(孩子们学习尊重的首要场所是在家里)”符合题意，其中The number one place...... is in the home与it is parents’ responsibility形成呼应结构，表示父母应该在家里教孩子学会尊重。故选E项。 2．根据前句“Children are easily affected by what they see.(孩子们很容易受到他们所看到的东西的影响)”可知，G项“In addition, they naturally look up to their parents and imitate them(此外，他们会自然而然地看齐他们的父母并模仿他们)”符合题意，其中what they see与look up to their parents相呼应，符合本段语境。故选G项。 3．根据前文“If they get rude, warn them.(如果他们变得不礼貌，警告他们)”可知，B项“If they keep it up, end the activity(如果他们继续这样做，就结束这个活动)”符合题意，其中keep it up与get rude形成了顺承关系，表示如果继续不礼貌，就结束活动。故选B项。 4．根据后句“Worse, it can teach them that it's OK to yell or threaten other people when they become frustrated.(更糟的是，这可能会让他们知道，当他们感到沮丧时，大喊大叫或威胁别人是可以的)”可知，F项“Losing your temper can be a scary, confusing experience for them(发脾气对他们来说是一种可怕的、令人困惑的经历)”符合题意，其中Losing your temper与后文中it's OK to yell or threaten other people when they become frustrated相呼应，符合本段语境。故选F项。 5．根据后句“Patience is a sign of respect.(耐心是一种尊重的表现)”可知，A项“You should be patient(你应该有耐心)”符合题意，其中be patient与后句中Patience形成呼应结构，表示父母应该要有耐心。故选A项。 Passage 2 Libraries are wonderful! 6 They can also help you enter other worlds. Whether you often visit there or you’re new to using libraries, you might be surprised to learn how much they can do for you. Here are some of the many things the library has to offer. Research and recommendations Librarians can help you research a school project or paper, show you how to do an Internet search, and guide you to reliable sources (可靠的来源) of information. 7 Tell them what books you have enjoyed, as well as subjects that attract you. They can recommend your next read. Fun clubs and classes 8 You can ask a librarian or check the library’s website for a calendar of upcoming activities and sign up with your card. These can include book clubs, gaming clubs, and classes like chess. A multimedia hub (多媒体中心) Besides books, you or an adult in your family can also borrow and watch movies, and TV shows with the help of library apps. 9 Besides, you can find quiet areas where you can focus on your homework. Volunteer opportunities Many libraries welcome volunteer help from kids. Ask the library if you can be a “book pal” to a younger child, read during story time, or offer help with handmade activities. 10 Others need kids to volunteer to read advance reader copies(ARCs) of books that haven’t been published yet and advise the library on whether they should buy the book. A．For them, eBooks are easy to buy. B．There are also computers to use for free. C．You can stay all day while you learn knowledge. D．Librarians can also make great book suggestions. E．America’s first lending library was founded in 1731. F．Many libraries host free activities for young people. G．Some libraries ask kids to write book reviews to help other kids. 【答案】6．C 7．D 8．F 9．B 10．G 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章夸赞图书馆很棒，介绍其多方面服务：图书管理员可协助研究与荐书，有各类趣味活动，提供多媒体资源，还为孩子提供多种志愿机会。 【详解】6．根据上文“Libraries are wonderful!(图书馆很棒！)”以及后文“They can also help you enter other worlds. Whether you often visit there or you’re new to using libraries, you might be surprised to learn how much they can do for you. Here are some of the many things the library has to offer.(它们还能帮助你进入另一个世界。无论你是经常去那里借阅书籍，还是初次接触图书馆，你都可能会惊讶地发现图书馆能为你提供如此多的帮助。以下是图书馆所提供的一些内容)”可知，前文总述“图书馆很棒”，后文衔接“还能帮你进入另一个世界”，需填一个体现图书馆功能的句子。故C选项“你可以整天待在图书馆里学习知识”符合语境，故选C。 7．根据上文“Librarians can help you research a school project or paper, show you how to do an Internet search, and guide you to reliable sources (可靠的来源) of information.(图书馆工作人员能够协助你进行学校项目或论文的研究工作，指导你如何进行网络搜索，并为你指明可靠的资料来源)”以及后文“Tell them what books you have enjoyed, as well as subjects that attract you. They can recommend your next read.(告诉他们你喜欢哪些书籍，以及哪些主题是你感兴趣的。他们可以为你推荐接下来要读的书)”可知，本段主题是 “研究与推荐”，前文讲图书管理员能协助研究，后文提到 “告诉他们你喜欢的书和感兴趣的主题，他们能推荐下一本读物”，D项“Librarians can also make great book suggestions”（图书管理员也能给出很棒的书籍建议）中的“also”呼应前文协助研究的功能，“book suggestions”直接衔接后文的推荐内容，故D选项“图书管理员也能给出很棒的书籍建议”符合语境，故选D。 8．根据后文“You can ask a librarian or check the library’s website for a calendar of upcoming activities and sign up with your card. These can include book clubs, gaming clubs, and classes like chess.(你可以向图书馆工作人员咨询，或者查阅图书馆的网站以获取即将举行的活动日程表，并使用你的借书证进行报名。这些活动可能包括读书俱乐部、游戏俱乐部以及诸如国际象棋之类的课程)”可知，本段主题是“有趣的俱乐部和课程”，后文提到“查看活动日历、报名（读书俱乐部、游戏俱乐部等）”，F项“Many libraries host free activities for young people”（许多图书馆为年轻人举办免费活动）中的“free activities”直接对应“clubs and classes”，且“host”与后文“upcoming activities”呼应，引出下文具体活动内容。故F选项“许多图书馆为年轻人举办免费活动”符合语境，故选F。 9．根据上文“Besides books, you or an adult in your family can also borrow and watch movies, and TV shows with the help of library apps.(除了书籍之外，你或者你家中的成年人还可以借助图书馆应用程序来借阅影片、观看电影以及观看电视节目)”可知，本段主题是“多媒体中心”，前文讲可借看影视，后文讲有安静区域写作业，需填一个多媒体相关功能。B项“There are also computers to use for free”（还有可免费使用的电脑）中的“also”承接前文影视资源，“computers”属于多媒体设施，补充图书馆的多媒体服务，符合段落主题。故B选项“还有可供免费使用的电脑”符合语境，故选B。 10．根据上文“Many libraries welcome volunteer help from kids. Ask the library if you can be a “book pal” to a younger child, read during story time, or offer help with handmade activities.(许多图书馆都欢迎孩子们提供志愿服务。你可以询问图书馆是否可以担任年幼孩子的“图书伙伴”，在故事时间帮忙朗读，或者参与手工活动提供协助)”以及后文“Others need kids to volunteer to read advance reader copies(ARCs) of books that haven’t been published yet and advise the library on whether they should buy the book.(还有一些图书馆则需要孩子们帮忙提前阅读尚未出版的书籍的样书，并据此向图书馆提出建议，看是否应该购买这些书籍)”可知，本段主题是“志愿者机会”，前文列举“书伴”“故事时间朗读”等志愿工作，后文用“Others”衔接，说明另一种志愿形式。G项“Some libraries ask kids to write book reviews to help other kids”（有些图书馆让孩子写书评帮助其他孩子）中的“Some”与后文“Others”形成“一些…… 另一些……”的搭配，且“write book reviews”属于志愿工作，符合段落逻辑。故G选项“一些图书馆要求孩子们写书评以帮助其他孩子”符合语境，故选G。 Passage 3 Starting high school means changes in your life. Most teenagers look forward to the first day of high school, but still feel a little bit nervous. 11 Learn all you can about your first day before the first school day. Take part in some activities that are held at the school for new students to know the school better. If parents are invited to these activities, take yours with you. Carefully look over all the materials you receive. 12 13 Buy the things suggested on your teachers’ supply lists and place your materials for each class separately. 14 If you find you’re not doing well in a subject, make use of after-school study groups or ask your teacher to help you with your schoolwork. Consider private tutoring to get you through a difficult time. There are more extracurricular (课外的) activities in high school than in middle school, such as clubs, music and theatre groups, student government, and sports teams. Make friends and be seen at such school activities. 15 Ask someone in the school office about opportunities to take part in school activities if you don’t know how. This is a good time to do what you like doing and an opportunity to try new things. Who says school has to be all work and no play? Since you’re attending more activities in high school than in middle school, you’ll have to learn to manage your time. A．Keep up with your high school study. B．Get the things you will need for class. C．Keep a good balance of study and play. D．Enjoy your high school life like this way. E．Be sure you know where the school’s buildings are. F．You can follow these tips to make your new life easier. G．Join a club or other organizations to meet people and develop friendships. 【答案】11．F 12．E 13．B 14．A 15．G 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对高中新生如何适应高中生活提出了几条建议。 【详解】11．上文“Starting high school means changes in your life. Most teenagers look forward to the first day of high school, but still feel a little bit nervous.(开始上高中意味着你生活的变化。大多数青少年都期待着高中的第一天，但仍然感到有点紧张)”说明开始上高中会带来生活的变化，大多数青少年对此感到期待但也有些紧张。F选项“You can follow these tips to make your new life easier.(你可以遵循这些建议，让你的新生活更轻松)”承接上文，提出可以遵循一些建议来让新生活更轻松，并引出下文的具体建议，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 12．上文“Carefully look over all the materials you receive.(仔细查看你收到的所有资料)”建议仔细查看收到的所有资料，E选项“Be sure you know where the school’s buildings are.(一定要知道学校的教学楼在哪里)”进一步提出要确保知道学校建筑的位置，这是对查看资料后可能获得的信息或需要进一步了解的内容的具体说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 13．下文“Buy the things suggested on your teachers’ supply lists and place your materials for each class separately.(购买老师供应清单上建议的东西，并把每节课的材料分开摆放)”说明要购买老师建议的物品，并分类摆放好每节课的材料。B选项“Get the things you will need for class.(准备好上课需要的东西)”概括了下文的内容，即准备好上课所需的东西，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 14．下文“If you find you’re not doing well in a subject, make use of after-school study groups or ask your teacher to help you with your schoolwork. Consider private tutoring to get you through a difficult time.(如果你发现自己在某一科目上表现不佳，可以利用课后学习小组或请老师帮助你完成作业。考虑请私人家教来帮你度过难关)”说明如果在学习上遇到困难，要采取一些措施来跟上学习进度。A选项“Keep up with your high school study.(跟上你的高中学习)”概括了下文的内容，即要跟上高中学习进度，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 15．上文“There are more extracurricular (课外的) activities in high school than in middle school, such as clubs, music and theatre groups, student government, and sports teams. Make friends and be seen at such school activities.(高中的课外活动比初中多，如俱乐部、音乐和戏剧团体、学生会和运动队。在这样的学校活动中结交朋友，让人看到你)”说明高中有更多的课外活动，建议在这些活动中结交朋友。G选项“Join a club or other organizations to meet people and develop friendships.(加入俱乐部或其他组织来结识朋友并发展友谊)”进一步提出加入俱乐部或其他组织来结识朋友和发展友谊，与上文内容紧密相连，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 Passage 4 The transition (过渡) from middle school to high school is different for each student. 16 However, moving from middle school to high school is not that frightening. As long as you’re prepared, it can be an enjoyable experience. Here are some tips for a smooth transition from middle school to high school! Practice time-management skills. Most high school courses have more homework than middle-school students are used to. 17 Learning to manage your time effectively will help you balance your studies, after-school activities, and social life. 18 If you have older brothers, sisters, or cousins who have already transitioned from middle school to high school, they can be a great resource as you start to prepare for high school. So feel free to reach out to them. Their advice can make your transition a lot easier and more enjoyable. Build good study habits. In high school, you need to study more on your own and it needs more self-discipline (自律). Try to find a quiet place to study and stick to a regular schedule. Break your tasks into smaller parts so they don’t seem so stressful. And always review your notes after class. 19 Stay positive and open-minded. 20 You need to welcome new challenges and opportunities with a positive attitude (态度). Remember that it’s okay to make mistakes and learn from them. A．Look for advice from others. B．It’s normal for adults to experience stress. C．Find a proper person to be your role model. D．High school is a time of growth and change. E．This way, you can remember what you learned better. F．It may be exciting for one but frightening for the other. G．What’s more, the work is often more challenging and in-depth. 【答案】16．F 17．G 18．A 19．E 20．D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文针对初高中过渡，给出管理时间、寻求他人建议、培养学习习惯、保持积极心态等建议，以帮助学生顺利适应高中。 【详解】16．由上文“The transition (过渡) from middle school to high school is different for each student.(初中到高中的过渡对每个学生来说都是不同的。)”和下文“However, moving from middle school to high school is not that frightening.(然而，从初中升入高中并没有那么可怕。)”可知，空格处需体现过渡的不同感受，与“not that frightening”形成转折前的铺垫。F项“It may be exciting for one but frightening for the other.(对一个人来说可能是令人兴奋的，但对另一个人来说可能是可怕的。)”符合语境，“different for each student”与“exciting for one but frightening for the other”直接呼应，引出下文的转折，逻辑连贯。故选F项。 17．由上文“Most high school courses have more homework than middle-school students are used to.(大多数高中课程的作业量比初中生习惯的要多。)”和下文“Learning to manage your time effectively will help you balance your studies, after-school activities, and social life.(学会有效地管理你的时间将有助于你平衡学习、课外活动和社交生活。)”可知，空格处需进一步说明高中学习的难度，以凸显时间管理的必要性。G项“What’s more, the work is often more challenging and in-depth.(此外，学习任务通常更具挑战性且更深入。)”符合语境，“What’s more”承接上文“作业量多”，补充“任务更难、更深入”的特点，共同解释为何需要“时间管理”，衔接自然。故选G项。 18．由下文“If you have older brothers, sisters, or cousins who have already transitioned from middle school to high school, they can be a great resource as you start to prepare for high school. So feel free to reach out to them. Their advice can make your transition a lot easier and more enjoyable.(如果你有已经从中学过渡到高中的哥哥、姐姐或堂兄弟姐妹，在你开始为高中做准备时，他们可以成为一个很好的资源。所以，请随时联系他们。他们的建议可以让你的过渡更容易、更愉快。)”可知，本段围绕“寻求他人建议”展开，空格处需点明主题。A项“Look for advice from others.(向他人寻求建议。)”符合语境，作为段落主题句，“Look for advice from others”与下文“their advice”直接呼应，准确概括段落核心内容。故选A项。 19．由上文“And always review your notes after class.(而且课后一定要复习笔记。)”可知，空格处需说明课后复习笔记的好处。E项“This way, you can remember what you learned better.(这样，你能更好地记住所学内容。)”符合语境，“This way”指代“review your notes after class”，“remember what you learned better”解释了复习笔记的作用，构成因果逻辑，符合语境。故选E项。 20．由下文“You need to welcome new challenges and opportunities with a positive attitude (态度).(你需要以积极的态度迎接新的挑战和机遇。)”可知，空格处需体现高中的“新变化”，以引出“迎接挑战”的建议。D项“High school is a time of growth and change.(高中是成长和变化的时期。)”符合语境，“growth and change”说明高中会出现新情况，为下文“new challenges and opportunities” 提供背景，“stay positive and open-minded”也正是应对“变化”的态度，衔接紧密。故选D项。 ( 27 / 31 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $