专题11 虚拟语气（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单全面覆盖虚拟语气专题，包含if虚拟条件句（常规、错综、省略、含蓄）、一二三四类词（坚持、命令等）接从句、特殊句式（I wish等）三大核心考点，通过知识脑图搭建体系，结合即时训练巩固基础。 清单采用考点分层突破设计，如if条件句按时间相反情况（现在、过去、将来）制表对比，标注易错点（省略if需提前were/should/had），高考真题与名校模拟题联动，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设答题思路解析和高频考点标识，助力学生自主复习，教师可据此精准指导，提升备考效率。

专题11 虚拟语气（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 if虚拟条件句 知识点1 if虚拟条件句用法 知识点2 if错综条件句用法 知识点3 if虚拟句省略用法 知识点4 含蓄条件句用法 考点二 一二三四类词与虚拟语气 知识点1 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 知识点2 一二三四类名词接同位语从句 考点三 特殊句式的虚拟语气 知识点1 I wish that…句型 知识点2 If only…句型 知识点3 I would rather that…句型 知识点4 It is high time that…句型 知识点5 It looks as if…句型 知识点6 It is strange/a pity that..从句 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（虚拟语气） 名校模拟（虚拟语气） 单项选择（虚拟语气） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 被动语态 考点一 if虚拟条件句 知识点1 if虚拟条件句用法 1. if虚拟条件用法梳理 场合 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) would/could/might+do 与过去事实相反 had +过去分词 would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 ①过去式(be用were)②were to do ③should do would/could/might +do 2. 主从句均与现在事实相反 If I were free today, I would walk along the quiet lake alone. 倘若我今日有空，便会独自沿静谧湖畔漫步。 If he understood your trouble, he would offer you a warm hand now. 若他懂你的难处，此刻定会向你伸出援手。 3. 主从句均与过去事实相反 If you had seized that chance, you would have achieved your big dream long ago. 你当初若抓住那次机遇，早就实现心中宏大理想。 If she had asked for help, she would not have suffered so much pain back then. 她当时若主动求助，就不会承受那般多的苦楚。 4. 主从句均与将来事实相反 If it should snow this weekend, we would put off our planned mountain trip. 万一本周末降雪，我们便推迟早已规划好的登山之行。 If the river were to dry up, local villagers would lose their main water source. 倘若这条河干涸，当地村民会失去主要的水源供给。 判断主从句与事实相反是关键，抓时间状语是窍门。 知识点2 if错综条件句用法 if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。 1.从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在 If you hadn’t stayed up late last night, you wouldn’t feel tired now. （主句与现在事实相反） 如果你昨晚没有熬夜，现在就不会这么疲惫了。 If he had studied hard in college, he would have a better job now.（主句与现在事实相反） 如果他大学时努力学习，现在就会有一份更好的工作了。 2.从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去 If I were you, I would have taken the job last week. （主句与过去事实相反） 我要是你，上周就接受那份工作了。 If you were healthier, you would have joined the trip yesterday. （主句与过去事实相反） 你要是身体好些，昨天就跟着出游了。 知识点3 If虚拟句省略用法 if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。 1.与现在事实相反 →含be动词were 原句：If I were you, I would accept the offer. 倒装：Were I you, I would accept the offer. 翻译：如果我是你，我会接受这份录用。 2.与将来事实相反→含情态动词should 原句：If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 倒装：Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 倒装：Were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 翻译：万一明天下雨，我们就推迟出行。 3.与过去事实相反 →含助动词had 原句：If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam. 倒装：Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam. 翻译：他当初要是更努力学习，就通过考试了。 若从句谓语不含这三个词，不能倒装、不能省 if。 知识点4 含蓄条件句用法 有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过介词without、短语 but for或副词otherwise暗示了虚拟的条件，这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句”。其中，without, but for, otherwise 等词相当于隐含的 “if not”，其后的主句需根据所虚拟的时间使用对应的虚拟语气形式。 1. without +名词，主语+would/could/might ... 虚拟句：If there were no air, we could not live.（与现在事实相反） 含蓄句：Without air, we could not live. 翻译：没有空气，我们无法生存。 虚拟句：If she hadn’t had the map, she would have got lost. （与过去事实相反） 含蓄句：Without the map, she would have got lost. 翻译：要是没有那张地图，她早就迷路了。 2. but for +名词，主语+ would/could/might + have done 虚拟句：If you hadn’t given me advice, I would have made a big mistake. 含蓄句：But for your advice, I would have made a big mistake. 翻译：要不是你的建议，我当初就酿成大错了。 but for...=without...= if it had not been for…=had it not been for... 3.主语+谓语+……；otherwise主句 would have done 虚拟句：If he hadn’t been busy then, he would have helped us. 含蓄句：He was busy then; otherwise he would have helped us. 翻译：他那会儿很忙，不然就来帮我们了。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） it not for a handful of clothing items and the seats outside lined with casually dressed runners, one might forget it was a retailer at all. 1.Were 【解析】句意：要不是有少量服装单品以及外面临列的座位上坐满了身着休闲装的跑步爱好者，人们可能会完全忘记这是一家零售商。此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句be动词用were，If it were not for...的倒装形式，省略If后将Were提前，即Were it not for...，表示“要不是……”，句首单词首字母需大写。 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）If it (rain) tomorrow, we would cancel the sports meeting. 2.rained/should rain/were to rain 【解析】句意：如果明天下雨，我们就取消运动会。与将来事实相反的if虚拟从句，可使用一般过去时/should do/were to do三种形式。 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）If I (have) more time yesterday, I would have finished my homework. 3.had had 【解析】句意：如果我昨天有更多时间，我就写完作业了。该句是if引导的非真实条件句，题干主句为“would+have+过去分词”结构，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if条件句中应用had done形式。 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you (make) such a serious mistake. 4.wouldn’t have made 【解析】句意：如果你当时听从了老师的建议，你就不会犯这么严重的错误了。根据“If you had followed”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句应用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”结构；根据句意，此处表示“将会”，因此选用would，并且表示否定，即“就不会犯错误”，因此应用wouldn’t have made。 5．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）If I were you, I (seize) every chance to improve my English skills. 5.would seize 【解析】句意：如果我是你，我会抓住每一次机会提升英语能力。根据从句If I were you可知，表示与现在事实相反，主句谓语用would seize。 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Without your timely help, we (not finish) the task on schedule yesterday. 6.could not have finished 【解析】句意：没有你及时的帮助，我们昨天本不能按时完成任务。与过去事实相反，表示“本不能做某事”用could not have done。 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）If I had more spare time, I (join) more volunteer activities in the community. 7.would join 【解析】句意：如果我有更多的空闲时间，我就会参加社区更多的志愿者活动。根据“If I had more spare time”可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句应用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”结构，根据句意，在这里表达意愿，因此选用would。 8．（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业） you find yourself in one of these subcultures, languages, cuisine, architecture, art and music will define your encounter. 8.Should 【解析】考查省略和倒装。句意：如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。空格后的部分是一个虚拟条件句，if you should yourself in one of these subcultures，在含有虚拟语气的条件句中，若含有should，had或者were等词，可以把连词if省略，再把should，had或were放在主语的前面。故填Should。 9．（25-26高二下·北京·期中）The terrible accident would not have occurred if the driver (pay) attention to the traffic light. 9.had paid 【解析】句意：如果司机当时能留意交通信号灯的话，这场可怕的事故就不会发生了。此处为虚拟语气，主句would not have occurred是对过去的虚拟，从句需用had + 过去分词形式。 10．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）If he _________ (not waste) so much time playing games in the past few years, he _________ (be) a college student today. 10. had not wasted/hadn’t wasted, would be 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他过去几年没有浪费那么多时间玩游戏，现在他就是一名大学生了。根据时间状语“in the past few years”和“today”可知，本句为错综时间虚拟条件句：从句表示与过去事实相反的假设(事实上过去几年浪费了时间)，需用过去完成时(had done)，第一个空要求否定，故填had not wasted/ hadn’t wasted；主句表示与现在事实相反的结果(事实上现在不是大学生)，需用“would + 动词原形”，故第二个空填would be。故填①had not wasted/ hadn’t wasted②would be。 11．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）If you _________ (receive) the training last month, you _________ (know) how to operate the machine now. 11. had received, would know 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你上个月接受了培训，你现在就知道如何操作这台机器了。根据从句的last month和主句的now可知，这是混合虚拟条件句。从句是对过去的虚拟，用“had+过去分词”；主句是对现在的虚拟，用“would + 动词原形”。 故填①had received；②would know。 12．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）But for the heavy rain, we _________ (finish) our outdoor activity yesterday. 12.would have finished 【解析】句意：要不是下大雨，我们昨天本该完成户外活动的。“But for(要不是)”引出含蓄虚拟条件，本句是对过去（时间状语yesterday）情况的虚拟，对过去虚拟时主句谓语需要用“would+have done”结构。 13．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Without your encouragement, I _________ (give) up long ago. 13.would have given 【解析】句意：如果没有你的鼓励，我早就已经放弃了。根据“Without your encouragement”可知，此处为含蓄虚拟条件句，相当于If条件句 ；根据“long ago”可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，主句应用“would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词”，would表示“将会，愿意”，根据句意，在这里选用would，give的过去分词为given。 14．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）I was ill that day. Otherwise, I (take) part in the sports meeting. 14.would have taken 【解析】句意：我那天病了。否则，我就会参加运动会。结合语境和otherwise可知，此处为含蓄虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，用would have done，take的过去分词是taken。 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 15.Had 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是他赶上了早班火车，他开会就不会迟到了。根据would not have been late for the meeting可知，此处是对过去的事情进行虚拟假设，条件句中用过去完成时，正常语序为If he had caught the morning train，if可以省略，句子用部分倒装，将助动词had置于句首。故填Had。 考点二 一二三四类词与虚拟语气 知识点1 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 1.一二三四类动词接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。一坚持insist，二命令order, command，三建议advise, suggest, recommend，四要求demand, desire, require, request。还有desire, advocate, ask等动词也有类似用法。 Engineers recommend that we (should) invest more funds in deep space exploration projects. 工程师建议我们加大资金投入深空探测相关项目。 People suggest that ancient village architectures (should) be well preserved by local governments. 人们建议地方政府妥善保护古村落建筑风貌。 2.insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。 Engineers insist that every rocket part (should) pass strict safety inspections. 工程师坚决要求每一枚火箭零件都通过严苛安全检测。 He insists that our lunar rover has achieved great breakthroughs in deep space. 他坚持认为我们的月球车在深空领域取得了重大突破。 3.suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“表明”等时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。 Researchers suggest that we (should) launch small satellites to observe space environment. 科研人员建议我们发射小型卫星监测宇宙空间环境。 His detailed research suggests 3D tech helps restore ruined ancient architecture well. 他详实的研究表明 3D 技术能很好修复损毁的古代建筑。 4.It is/was+过去分词+that…从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 It is recommended that ancient paintings (should) be scanned for digital archives. 专家建议古画全部扫描归档建立线上数字资料库。 It was proposed that more traditional festivals (should) be promoted on social media. 当时有人提议在网络平台大力宣传各类传统节日。 知识点2 一二三四类名词接宾语从句 一二三四类动词派生来的名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。这些名词有：order命令, command命令, advice建议, suggestion建议, requirement要求，request请求，demand要求, desire要求。 My suggestion is that she (should) take a break.（表语从句） 我的建议是她该休息一会。 The general issued a command that all soldiers (should) gather immediately. 将军下令全体士兵立刻集合。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）My parents urged me __________ (take) part in the competition and urged that I __________ (be) confident. 1. to take, should be/be 【解析】句意：父母力劝我参加比赛，并且极力主张我要自信。 第一空：固定搭配urge sb. to do sth.表示“力劝某人做某事”，因此填to take； 第二空：urge后接宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形，should可省略。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The teacher demanded that the composition__________ (write) only on one side of the exam paper. 2.be written/should be written 【解析】句意：老师要求作文只能在试卷的一面书写。demand意为“要求”后接that从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。提示词write和从句主语composition之间为被动关系，用被动语态(should) be written。 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The teacher suggested that everyone __________ (keep) a diary in English to improve writing skills. 3.should keep#keep 【解析】句意：老师建议每个人用英语写日记来提升写作技能。suggest后加宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词结构为(should) do，所以要填should keep或keep。 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）We insist that every student __________ (obey) the school rules strictly in daily life. 4.(should) obey 【解析】句意：我们坚持要求每位学生在日常生活中严格遵守校规。insist表坚决要求，从句用(should) do。 5．（25-26高一上·海南·期中）Eye doctors recommended that the child’s eyes __________ (examine) at the age of six months old. 5.be examined/should be examined 【解析】句意：眼科医生建议孩子在六个月大时做眼部检查。recommend后接宾语从句，从句需使用虚拟语气，结构为should+ 动词原形，should可以省略。主语the child’s eyes和动词examine是被动关系，即“眼睛被检查”，因此用被动形式be examined或should be examined。 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）She insists that all neighbors __________ (sort) their garbage properly to protect the environment. 6.sort/should sort 【解析】句意：她坚持要求所有邻居规范分类垃圾，保护环境。当insist表“坚决要求/主张”时，其后宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，谓语结构为：should+动词原形，should可省略。 7．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）The manager desires that all employees __________ (attend) the training session tomorrow. 7.should attend/attend 【解析】句意：经理要求所有员工明天参加培训课程。desire表示“要求”，其后接that引导的宾语从句，从句谓语应用虚拟语气，即(should) + 动词原形。 8．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）The teacher commanded that the student __________ (hand) in the homework on time. 8.should hand/hand 【解析】句意：老师命令这名学生必须按时交作业。根据句中commanded“命令”可知，其后接的宾语从句需使用虚拟语气，结构为“command that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”，其中should也可以省略，hand in意为“上交”。 9．（25-26高一下·上海浦东新·期中）It’s required by the teacher that all the exercise books __________ (turn) in early the next morning. 9.be turned/should be turned 【解析】句意：老师要求所有作业本次日清晨尽早上交。该句为it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语，require后的从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为“should do”，should可以省略，books和turn in是被动关系，所以谓语动词为(should) be turned。 10．（25-26高一上·广东东莞·阶段检测）It is strongly recommended that the current tourism environment __________ (improve) as soon as possible. 10.should be improved / be improved 【解析】句意：强烈建议尽快改善当前的旅游环境。句子使用了“It is recommended that...”的结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的主语从句中，从句需要使用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”。从句主语“the current tourism environment”和动词“improve”之间是被动关系——环境是被改善的，所以要用被动语态“be improved”。结合虚拟语气的要求，最终形式为“(should) be improved”，其中“should”可以省略。 11．（25-26高一上·重庆·期末）We will list all the advantages of the proposal that a new database __________ (build) to improve data accuracy. 11.be built/should be built 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们将列出建立一个新数据库以提高数据准确性的建议的所有优点。that引导同位语从句，解释说明the proposal的具体内容，从句需用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，其中should可省略，a new database与build为被动关系，应用被动形式should be built，should可省略。故填should be built/be built。 12．（25-26高一上·广东东莞·期末）Wildlife experts put forward a recommendation that more nature reserves __________ (establish) to provide safe habitats for animals. 12.should be established/be established 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：野生动物专家提出建议，应该建立更多的自然保护区，为动物提供安全的栖息地。分析句子结构可知，空格前的recommendation为表示“建议”的名词，其后的that引导同位语从句，解释说明recommendation的内容，此类从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形 ，establish与nature reserves之间为被动关系，故用 (should) be established，其中should可省略。故填 (should) be established。 13．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）The manager gave the order that the task __________ (complete) by the end of this week. 13.should be completed/be completed 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理下令这项任务应在本周末前完成。分析句子结构可知，that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词order“命令”的具体内容。当主句动词表示建议、要求、命令时，其后的同位语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词结构为“（should）+动词原形”，而从句主语the task与动词complete为被动关系，应用被动语态（should）be completed。故填should be completed/be completed。 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I made the suggestion that she __________ (stick) to the plan she had made. 14.(should) stick 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议她坚持原定的计划。suggestion的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should可省略，故填(should) stick。 15．（25-26高一·全国·课后作业）They put forward a proposal that the sports meeting __________ (hold) three days ahead of time. 15.(should) be held 【解析】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:他们提议运动会提前三天举行。proposal后面接同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。根据句意可知，从句中的主语the sports meeting和动词hold之间为被动关系，应用情态动词的被动语态。故填(should) be held。 考点三 特殊句式的虚拟语气 知识点1 I wish that….句型 I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。 I wish that traditional operas won wide popularity among young teenagers. （与现在事实相反） 我希望传统戏曲能在青少年群体中大受欢迎。 I wish that all public transport would run on zero-carbon clean energy. （与将来事实相反） 我期盼所有公共交通将来都使用零碳清洁能源运行。 知识点2 If only….句型 if only表示“如果……该多好”，与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。 If only researchers had developed eco-friendly batteries much earlier before. （与过去事实相反） 科研人员当初能更早研发环保电池技术该多好。 If only all public vehicles would rely on carbon-free energy in the future. （与将来事实相反） 未来所有公共交通工具都使用零碳能源该多好。 知识点3 I would rather that….句型 I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。 I would rather that teenagers appreciated traditional operas rather than short videos. （与现在事实相反） 我宁愿青少年欣赏传统戏曲而非短视频。 I would rather that experts had developed new clean energy batteries decades ago. （与过去事实相反） 我宁愿专家几十年前就研发出新型清洁能源电池。 I would rather that…从句与将来相反，仍然用一般过去时。 知识点4 It is high time that…句型 It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。 It is about time that cities replaced/should replace old buses with zero-carbon intelligent vehicles. 城市早该把老旧公交车换成零碳智能车辆。 It is high time that researchers promoted.should promote green AI technology worldwide rapidly. 科研人员早该在全球快速推广绿色人工智能技术。 It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省。 知识点5 It looks as if….句型 “It looks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反，分别用had done, did。 It looks as if they owned enough money to travel around the whole world. （与现在事实相反） 他们看上去好像拥有环游全世界的充足资金。 It looks as if the students had prepared fully for the coming important exam. （与过去事实相反） 这些学生看上去好像已经为即将到来的大考做好万全准备。 知识点6 It is strange/a pity that..从句 It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 It is important that cities (should) develop zero-carbon public transport. 城市发展零碳公共交通至关重要。 It is strange that the young man (should) dislike all classic operas. 令人费解的是，这个年轻人竟然不喜欢所有传统戏曲。 It is strange (necessary, strange…) that..若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。 It is necessary that we should have finished the task before last Friday. 我们本有必要在上周五前完成这项任务的。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）I wish I (stay) calm when I quarreled with Mom last night. 1.had stayed 【解析】句意：我多么希望昨晚和妈妈吵架时自己能保持冷静。动词wish后接宾语从句需要使用虚拟语气，若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语要用“had+过去分词”结构。本题是对昨晚发生的事表达遗憾，因此用stay的过去完成形式had stayed。 2．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）I wish I (climb) the Great Wall with you tomorrow, but I’m preparing for the coming exam. 2.would climb/ could climb 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望明天能和你一起登上长城，但我正在为即将到来的考试做准备。根据后文tomorrow，可知表示与将来事实相反的愿望：wish 后面的宾语从句用 would/could+动词原形。故填would/could climb。 3．（17-18高一下·福建厦门·阶段检测）I would rather you (tell) her the bad news last week, then she would have been good by now. 3.had told 【解析】had told 考查动词时态。句意：我宁愿你上星期就把这个坏消息告诉她，那样她到现在就好了。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，用过去完成时表过去的愿望，故填had told. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I would rather my daughter (work) as a teacher but she prefers to be a doctor. 4.worked 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿我的女儿当一名老师，但她更喜欢当医生。在“would rather + that从句”结构中，若表示对现在或将来的愿望，that从句的谓语动词需用过去式。本句中，“我宁愿女儿当老师”是对现在情况的愿望，且与后文“但她想当医生”的事实相反，故从句谓语动词“work”应用过去式。故填worked。 5．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket (throw) over it. 5.had been thrown 【解析】句意：浓重的烟雾笼罩着整座城市，仿佛一块巨大的黑毯子被扔在了上面。 as if​ 引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，所以从句用过去完成时态，且主语a great black blanket​与throw​构成被动关系，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。 6．（24-25高三下·全国·课后作业）Dressed up, she looks as if she (be) ten years younger. 6.were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：打扮起来，她看上去年轻了十岁。as if引导的表语从句与现在事实相反，使用一般过去时，be动词使用were。故填were。 7．（25-26高一下·吉林长春·期中）He talked as if he (visit) the attractive region before. 7.had visited 【解析】句意：他说起话来就好像他以前去过这个迷人的地区。as if引导方式状语从句，当从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时。此句中“他好像以前去过”与过去事实相反，所以用had visited。 8．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It’s high time that we (pay) more attention to physical health in daily life. 8.paid 【解析】句意：我们是时候在日常生活中多关注身体健康了。It’s high time后从句用一般过去时表虚拟，pay的过去式是paid。 9．（25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段检测）If only the government (adopt) stricter regulations before the environment worsened dramatically. 9.had adopted 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是政府在环境急剧恶化之前就采取更严格的法规就好了。此处if only引导虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，adopt的过去分词为adopted意为“采取，采用”。故填had adopted。 10．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）It is necessary that the teacher (remind) the students not to feed the wild animals. 10.should remind/remind 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师有必要提醒学生不要投喂野生动物。 在It is necessary that…句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用(should) + 动词原形，should可以省略。故填（should）remind。 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（虚拟语气） 1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I __________(not be) where I am. 2. (2019天津) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 3. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________(have) a good time together. 4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. 6. (2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved. 7. (2018北京) They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers. 8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 9. (2017天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday. 10. (2017江苏)_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 【参考答案】 1. wouldn’t be 2. would have accomplished 3. would have had 4. had caught 5. should 6. had 7. had driven 8. had been put 9. wouldn’t have been 10. Were 名校模拟分类精炼（虚拟语气） 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It is high time that we (pay) attention to the protection of our environment. 1.paid 【解析】句意：该是我们注意保护环境的时候了。在“It is high time that...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时，表示虚拟，意为“该是……的时候了。”。 2．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If I (be) a boss, I would care about employees’ welfare. 2.were 【解析】句意：如果我是老板，我会关心员工的福利。此处考查虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，if从句中be动词用were。 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If there (be) no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 3.were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会有生物存在。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，应用一般过去时，be动词常用were。故填were。 4．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）I don’t think it is an example of bad writing myself, otherwise I (agree) with Levis. 4.would agree 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我自己并不认为这是一篇写得不好的文章，否则我就会同意莱维斯的观点了。分析句子结构可知，otherwise表示“否则”，结合“I don’t think it is”可知，此处隐含对现在事实的虚拟假设，主句谓语应用would + 动词原形。故填would agree。 5．（17-18高三上·黑龙江双鸭山·期中）I really thank you for your help. Without it I （succeed) in finding my lost key. 5.wouldn’t have succeeded 【解析】句意：我真的感谢你的帮助。如果没有它，我就不会找到我丢失的钥匙。此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，答案为wouldn’t have succeeded。 6．（人教版2019必修一Unit2ReadingforWriting课后练）If you (contact) the school office as soon as you received the notice yesterday, you would not have missed the important deadline. 6.had contacted 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你昨天一收到通知就联系学校办公室，你就不会错过这个重要的截止日期了。根据后文you would not have missed the important deadline.可知，此处是与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时。故填had contacted。 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）— Did you pass your driving test? Yes, otherwise I (drive) to the picnic next month. 7.wouldn’t drive 【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：——你驾照考试通过了吗？——通过了，不然下个月的野餐我就没法开车去了。答句中otherwise隐含了“如果没通过考试”的虚拟条件，结合时间状语next month可知，此处是对将来情况的虚拟，主句谓语动词用“wouldn’t + 动词原形”的结构，故填wouldn’t drive。 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation. 8.Should 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：若当前的失业状况持续下去，社会将面临更为棘手的局面。题干是一个叙述将来情况的虚拟语气，if 引导的条件状语从句中，谓语动词可用should+do。这时常把if去掉，把should提到句首，形成部分倒装。故填Should。 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） you to succeed, you’ll have to stick to your plan. (用适当的词填空) 9.Were 【解析】考查虚拟条件句的倒装结构。句意：要是你想成功，你就得坚持你的计划。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，当从句含有were、should或had时，可省略连词if，将这三个词置于句首构成部分倒装；此处从句谓语为were to succeed，是虚拟语气中表对将来假设的固定表达，对应“要是……”的含义，省略if后需将were提前，符合该倒装结构的语法规则。故填Were。 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (be) it not for a handful of clothing items and the seats outside lined with casually dressed runners, one might forget it was a retailer at all. 10.Were 【解析】句意：如果不是几件衣物和外面摆放的座位上坐着穿着随意的跑步者，人们可能根本不会意识到这是一家零售商。本句为虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语应为were it not for（本虚拟句为省略if的条件句，完整正常语序为If it were not for）。句首单词，首字母大写。 11．（25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段检测） you made full preparations, you would have been more confident. 11.Had 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你做了充分的准备，你就会更加自信。结合语境和would have been可知，从句陈述的内容与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时，此时可将连词if省略，把助动词had提到句首。故填Had。 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If you had had everything ready yesterday, you (will not be) in such a hurry now. 12.wouldn’t be 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你昨天把一切都准备好了，你现在就不会这么匆忙了。设空处应填虚拟语气相关的动词形式，本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去的假设，主句中含有now是对现在的假设，结合句意提示词“will not be”及“不会”可知用wouldn’t be。故填wouldn’t be。 13．（2025高二下·吉林白城·竞赛）If she (follow) the doctor’s advice, she wouldn’t be so fat now. 13.had followed 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她听从了医生的建议，她现在就不会这么胖了。这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟；在虚拟语气中，当从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”的形式，本句中从句表达“如果她过去听从了医生的建议”，所以要用“had followed”。故填had followed。 14．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Without your support and encouragement, I (achieve) nothing in my studies. 14.would have achieved 【解析】句意：没有你的支持与鼓励，我在学习上会一事无成。本句为含蓄虚拟语气，暗含与过去相反，表示“本不会有所成就”用would have achieved nothing。 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I (come) sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. 15.would have come 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我本来会早点来的，但我不知道他们在等我。前半句是对过去情况的虚拟，but后的内容是真实情况，结合句意“本来会来”应用would have come。故填would have come。 16．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）It is necessary that every student (wear) a school uniform. 16.should wear/wear 【解析】句意：每位学生都必须穿校服。在“It is necessary that...”句型中，that引导的主语从句需使用虚拟语气，从句谓语结构为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，因此填should wear或wear。 17．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If only I (get) up a little earlier this morning! I missed the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another. 17.had got/had gotten 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我今天早上早点起床就好了！我就差一分钟没赶上公交车，又等了下一班半小时。根据“If only”、“this morning”及“missed the bus”可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的相反假设，应用“had+过去分词”。get的过去分词形式为got或gotten。故填had got/gotten。 18．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he (do) something instead of just talking. 18.did/should do 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：杰克是个健谈的人。该是他做点什么而不是光说不做的时候了。句型It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do，should不能省，意为“早该……”。故填did/should do。 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is suggested that the last hour of a day (spend) on reflection — the failures and successes, however large or small. 19.(should) be spent 【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：有人建议，一天的最后一小时应该用来反思 —— 反思那些或大或小的成败得失。分析句子结构可知，It is suggested that... 句式中，that从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形；主语the last hour of a day与spend之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故填(should) be spent。 20．（25-26高一上·重庆·阶段检测）Professor Lee made a request that his team (give) more time to complete the task. 20.should be given/be given 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：李教授要求给他的团队更多的时间来完成这项任务。request为名词“要求”，后接同位语从句，从句需要用虚拟语气，其结构为“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。his team与give是被动关系，应用“should be done/be done”的结构。故填should be given/be given。 重点语法单项选择（虚拟语气） 1．（25-26高二下·上海浦东新·阶段检测）Without your timely encouragement and support, I ______ so much progress in my spoken English. A．won’t have made B．shouldn’t have made C．needn’t have made D．couldn’t have made 1.D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你及时的鼓励和支持，我的英语口语不可能取得这么大的进步。 Without your timely encouragement and support表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，相当于“If there had not been your timely encouragement and support”。根据语境可知，这是对过去情况的虚拟，主句要用“情态动词 + have done”结构。couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”，符合句子表达的“如果没有对方帮助就不可能取得进步”的意思；won’t have made是将来完成时的否定形式，不符合虚拟语气结构；shouldn’t have done表示“本不应该做某事（却做了）”；needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事（却做了）”，这两者语义均不符。 故选D。 2．（25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期末）I’m glad you told me about yesterday’s show being cancelled. Otherwise I ________all the way for nothing. A．travelled B．had travelled C．would travel D．would have traveled 2.D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：很高兴你告诉我昨天的演出取消了。否则我就白跑一趟了。这里otherwise引出含蓄虚拟条件，根据told可知是对过去情况的虚拟，主句要用would have done结构。故选D项。 3．（25-26高三下·天津·阶段检测）— How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood? — Next to nothing. How I wish I ______ harder at English. A．have worked B．had worked C．would work D．would have worked 3.B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：“——你听懂了那位外国专家演讲的多少内容？——几乎没听懂。我多么希望我以前英语学习更努力些啊！”动词wish后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，这里表达的是对过去没有努力学英语这件事的一种遗憾和愿望，即与过去事实相反，所以从句要用过去完成时“had worked”。故选B项。 4．（25-26高三下·天津·阶段检测）In this country, it is required that anyone who wants to settle here ______ pass this kind of test. A．has to B．had to C．have to D．will have to 4.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个国家，任何想在这里定居的人都必须通过这种考试。在“It is required that...”这个句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为“should + 动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略，故选C。 5．（25-26高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试）We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons. A．organised B．organises C．organise D．is organising 5.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们希望学校组织更多这样的活动，这不仅能缓解我们巨大的学习压力，还能开阔我们的视野。desire后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示“希望某人做某事”，结构为“desire that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”，本空用动词organise“组织”的原形。故选C。 6．（2026内蒙古通辽·模拟预测）They suggest that clever children________ their exams early. A．take B．took C．takes D．will take 6.A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们建议聪明的孩子提前参加考试。suggest 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略，空白处应填take，故选A。 7．（2026山东济南·二模）If I were you, I ______the chance to go abroad. A．will seize B．would have seize C．seize D．would seize 7.D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会抓住出国的机会。根据从句If I were you可知，这里是If引导的虚拟条件句，表示对现在情况的虚拟，主句的谓语应用would do的形式。故选D。 8．（25-26高二上·河南信阳·期末）We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we ________ you a hand. A．gave B．had given C．would give D．would have given 8.D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。此处otherwise的意思是“否则，要不然的话”，结合前文“We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time”,可知句子用虚拟语气，表示与过去已发生的事实相反的假设，所以谓语部分用would have done，此处填would have given。故选D。 9．（25-26高三上·天津红桥·期末）Had the calculations been done by hand, all practical value ______ by the time they were finished. A．had lost B．would lose C．would have lost D．should have lost 9.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这些计算是手工完成的，那么到计算完成时，所有的实用价值都将丧失。 根据句意及“Had the calculations been done by hand”可知，此题涉及到省略if的条件状语从句的虚拟语气；根据“had been done”可知，该句是对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句要用would/coould/should/might have done；根据句意，此处意指“实用价值就会丧失”。故选C项。 10．（25-26天津·模拟预测）Some experts demanded that children ________ enough time for sleep and play. A．give B．should give C．be given D．given 10.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：一些专家要求给孩子们足够的时间睡觉和玩耍。动词demand后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略，孩子们和给时间是被动关系，用be+过去分词。故选C。 11．（25-26天津红桥·二模）—Shall the bike be repaired by him today? —No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired tomorrow. A．had B．has C．have D．would have 11.A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——今天他来修自行车吗?——不，我宁愿他明天把它修好。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的愿望 ，用一般过去时。故选A。 12．（25-26高三上·天津红桥·期末）Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late for the flight yesterday. A．would be B．should be C．would have been D．will have been 12.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：谢谢你提醒我时间，否则我昨天的航班就迟到了。根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用would+have+done表示“本来会……”。故选C。 13．（25-26天津·三模）I wish I ________ football game on TV last night, but I went to a friend's birthday party. A．watched B．had watched C．would watch D．were watching 13.B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我昨晚看了电视上的足球比赛，但是我去了一个朋友的生日聚会。分析可知，wish后的宾语从句，应用虚拟语气，由时间状语last night可知该句是对过去发生事情的虚拟，结构为：wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词。故选B项。 14．（25-26高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we _______ repair it at our expense. A．shall; will B．must; should C．should; would D．can; shall 14.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年内使用坏了，我们付费保修。此处为if引导的条件句，与将来事实相反，表示与将来事实相反的情况有三种表达方式：过去式，was/were to+动词原形，should+动词原形，主句谓语用should (would, could, might)+动词，结合选项可知选C。 15．（25-26天津·二模）Had it not been for his experience in the forest，we ____________ in the battle with the fierce bear. A．hadn't survived B．wouldn't have survived C．didn't survived D．wouldn't survive 15.B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是他的丛林经验，我们就不会从与熊的搏斗中幸存下来。分析句子可知，从句为省略if的条件状语从句，if it had not been for his experience in the forest，是对过去情况的假设，主句则用would have done，故选B。 22 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 虚拟语气（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 if虚拟条件句 知识点1 if虚拟条件句用法 知识点2 if错综条件句用法 知识点3 if虚拟句省略用法 知识点4 含蓄条件句用法 考点二 一二三四类词与虚拟语气 知识点1 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 知识点2 一二三四类名词接同位语从句 考点三 特殊句式的虚拟语气 知识点1 I wish that…句型 知识点2 If only…句型 知识点3 I would rather that…句型 知识点4 It is high time that…句型 知识点5 It looks as if…句型 知识点6 It is strange/a pity that..从句 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（虚拟语气） 名校模拟（虚拟语气） 单项选择（虚拟语气） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 被动语态 考点一 if虚拟条件句 知识点1 if虚拟条件句用法 1. if虚拟条件用法梳理 场合 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 过去式(be用 ) would/could/might+do 与过去事实相反 would/could/might 与将来事实相反 ① (be用 )② ③ would/could/might +do 2. 主从句均与现在事实相反 If I were free today, I would walk along the quiet lake alone. 倘若我今日有空，便会独自沿静谧湖畔漫步。 If he understood your trouble, he would offer you a warm hand now. 若他懂你的难处，此刻定会向你伸出援手。 3. 主从句均与过去事实相反 If you had seized that chance, you would have achieved your big dream long ago. 你当初若抓住那次机遇，早就实现心中宏大理想。 If she had asked for help, she would not have suffered so much pain back then. 她当时若主动求助，就不会承受那般多的苦楚。 4. 主从句均与将来事实相反 If it should snow this weekend, we would put off our planned mountain trip. 万一本周末降雪，我们便推迟早已规划好的登山之行。 If the river were to dry up, local villagers would lose their main water source. 倘若这条河干涸，当地村民会失去主要的水源供给。 判断主从句与事实相反是关键，抓时间状语是窍门。 知识点2 if错综条件句用法 if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据 位置和 区别对待对号入座。 1.从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在 If you hadn’t stayed up late last night, you wouldn’t feel tired now. （主句与现在事实相反） 如果你昨晚没有熬夜，现在就不会这么疲惫了。 If he had studied hard in college, he would have a better job now.（主句与现在事实相反） 如果他大学时努力学习，现在就会有一份更好的工作了。 2.从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去 If I were you, I would have taken the job last week. （主句与过去事实相反） 我要是你，上周就接受那份工作了。 If you were healthier, you would have joined the trip yesterday. （主句与过去事实相反） 你要是身体好些，昨天就跟着出游了。 知识点3 If虚拟句省略用法 if条件句若省略if，则把 到句首构成部分倒装句。 1.与现在事实相反 →含be动词were 原句：If I were you, I would accept the offer. 倒装：Were I you, I would accept the offer. 翻译：如果我是你，我会接受这份录用。 2.与将来事实相反→含情态动词should 原句：If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 倒装：Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 倒装：Were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 翻译：万一明天下雨，我们就推迟出行。 3.与过去事实相反 →含助动词had 原句：If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam. 倒装：Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam. 翻译：他当初要是更努力学习，就通过考试了。 若从句谓语不含这三个词，不能倒装、不能省 if。 知识点4 含蓄条件句用法 有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过介词 、短语 或副词 暗示了虚拟的条件，这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句”。其中，without, but for, otherwise 等词相当于隐含的 “if not”，其后的主句需根据所虚拟的时间使用对应的虚拟语气形式。 1. without +名词，主语+would/could/might ... 虚拟句：If there were no air, we could not live.（与现在事实相反） 含蓄句：Without air, we could not live. 翻译：没有空气，我们无法生存。 虚拟句：If she hadn’t had the map, she would have got lost. （与过去事实相反） 含蓄句：Without the map, she would have got lost. 翻译：要是没有那张地图，她早就迷路了。 2. but for +名词，主语+ would/could/might + have done 虚拟句：If you hadn’t given me advice, I would have made a big mistake. 含蓄句：But for your advice, I would have made a big mistake. 翻译：要不是你的建议，我当初就酿成大错了。 but for...=without...= if it had not been for…=had it not been for... 3.主语+谓语+……；otherwise主句 虚拟句：If he hadn’t been busy then, he would have helped us. 含蓄句：He was busy then; otherwise he would have helped us. 翻译：他那会儿很忙，不然就来帮我们了。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） it not for a handful of clothing items and the seats outside lined with casually dressed runners, one might forget it was a retailer at all. 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）If it (rain) tomorrow, we would cancel the sports meeting. 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）If I (have) more time yesterday, I would have finished my homework. 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you (make) such a serious mistake. 5．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）If I were you, I (seize) every chance to improve my English skills. 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Without your timely help, we (not finish) the task on schedule yesterday. 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）If I had more spare time, I (join) more volunteer activities in the community. 8．（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业） you find yourself in one of these subcultures, languages, cuisine, architecture, art and music will define your encounter. 9．（25-26高二下·北京·期中）The terrible accident would not have occurred if the driver (pay) attention to the traffic light. 10．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）If he _________ (not waste) so much time playing games in the past few years, he _________ (be) a college student today. 11．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）If you _________ (receive) the training last month, you _________ (know) how to operate the machine now. 12．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）But for the heavy rain, we _________ (finish) our outdoor activity yesterday. 13．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Without your encouragement, I _________ (give) up long ago. 14．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）I was ill that day. Otherwise, I (take) part in the sports meeting. 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 考点二 一二三四类词与虚拟语气 知识点1 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 1.一二三四类动词接从句谓语用 ，且 。一坚持insist，二命令order, command，三建议advise, suggest, recommend，四要求demand, desire, require, request。还有desire, advocate, ask等动词也有类似用法。 Engineers recommend that we (should) invest more funds in deep space exploration projects. 工程师建议我们加大资金投入深空探测相关项目。 People suggest that ancient village architectures (should) be well preserved by local governments. 人们建议地方政府妥善保护古村落建筑风貌。 2.insist表示“ ”时，其后宾语从句用 ；表示“ ”时，其后宾语从句用 。 Engineers insist that every rocket part (should) pass strict safety inspections. 工程师坚决要求每一枚火箭零件都通过严苛安全检测。 He insists that our lunar rover has achieved great breakthroughs in deep space. 他坚持认为我们的月球车在深空领域取得了重大突破。 3.suggest表示“ ”时，其后宾语从句用 ；表示“ ”等时，其后宾语从句用 。 Researchers suggest that we (should) launch small satellites to observe space environment. 科研人员建议我们发射小型卫星监测宇宙空间环境。 His detailed research suggests 3D tech helps restore ruined ancient architecture well. 他详实的研究表明 3D 技术能很好修复损毁的古代建筑。 4.It is/was+过去分词+that…从句谓语用 ，且 。 It is recommended that ancient paintings (should) be scanned for digital archives. 专家建议古画全部扫描归档建立线上数字资料库。 It was proposed that more traditional festivals (should) be promoted on social media. 当时有人提议在网络平台大力宣传各类传统节日。 知识点2 一二三四类名词接宾语从句 一二三四类动词派生来的名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用 ，且 。这些名词有：order , command , advice , suggestion , requirement ，request ，demand , desire 。 My suggestion is that she (should) take a break.（表语从句） 我的建议是她该休息一会。 The general issued a command that all soldiers (should) gather immediately. 将军下令全体士兵立刻集合。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）My parents urged me __________ (take) part in the competition and urged that I __________ (be) confident. 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The teacher demanded that the composition__________ (write) only on one side of the exam paper. 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The teacher suggested that everyone __________ (keep) a diary in English to improve writing skills. 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）We insist that every student __________ (obey) the school rules strictly in daily life. 5．（25-26高一上·海南·期中）Eye doctors recommended that the child’s eyes __________ (examine) at the age of six months old. 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）She insists that all neighbors __________ (sort) their garbage properly to protect the environment. 7．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）The manager desires that all employees __________ (attend) the training session tomorrow. 8．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）The teacher commanded that the student __________ (hand) in the homework on time. 9．（25-26高一下·上海浦东新·期中）It’s required by the teacher that all the exercise books __________ (turn) in early the next morning. 10．（25-26高一上·广东东莞·阶段检测）It is strongly recommended that the current tourism environment __________ (improve) as soon as possible. 11．（25-26高一上·重庆·期末）We will list all the advantages of the proposal that a new database __________ (build) to improve data accuracy. 12．（25-26高一上·广东东莞·期末）Wildlife experts put forward a recommendation that more nature reserves __________ (establish) to provide safe habitats for animals. 13．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）The manager gave the order that the task __________ (complete) by the end of this week. 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I made the suggestion that she __________ (stick) to the plan she had made. 15．（25-26高一·全国·课后作业）They put forward a proposal that the sports meeting __________ (hold) three days ahead of time. 考点三 特殊句式的虚拟语气 知识点1 I wish that….句型 I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用 。 I wish that traditional operas won wide popularity among young teenagers. （与现在事实相反） 我希望传统戏曲能在青少年群体中大受欢迎。 I wish that all public transport would run on zero-carbon clean energy. （与将来事实相反） 我期盼所有公共交通将来都使用零碳清洁能源运行。 知识点2 If only….句型 if only表示“如果……该多好”，与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用 。 If only researchers had developed eco-friendly batteries much earlier before. （与过去事实相反） 科研人员当初能更早研发环保电池技术该多好。 If only all public vehicles would rely on carbon-free energy in the future. （与将来事实相反） 未来所有公共交通工具都使用零碳能源该多好。 知识点3 I would rather that….句型 I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用 ，与 。 I would rather that teenagers appreciated traditional operas rather than short videos. （与现在事实相反） 我宁愿青少年欣赏传统戏曲而非短视频。 I would rather that experts had developed new clean energy batteries decades ago. （与过去事实相反） 我宁愿专家几十年前就研发出新型清洁能源电池。 I would rather that…从句与将来相反，仍然用一般过去时。 知识点4 It is high time that…句型 It is high/about time that..后面常用 或 , should ，意为“早该……”。 It is about time that cities replaced/should replace old buses with zero-carbon intelligent vehicles. 城市早该把老旧公交车换成零碳智能车辆。 It is high time that researchers promoted.should promote green AI technology worldwide rapidly. 科研人员早该在全球快速推广绿色人工智能技术。 It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省。 知识点5 It looks as if….句型 “It looks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反，分别用 。 It looks as if they owned enough money to travel around the whole world. （与现在事实相反） 他们看上去好像拥有环游全世界的充足资金。 It looks as if the students had prepared fully for the coming important exam. （与过去事实相反） 这些学生看上去好像已经为即将到来的大考做好万全准备。 知识点6 It is strange/a pity that..从句 It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..从句谓语用 ，且 。 It is important that cities (should) develop zero-carbon public transport. 城市发展零碳公共交通至关重要。 It is strange that the young man (should) dislike all classic operas. 令人费解的是，这个年轻人竟然不喜欢所有传统戏曲。 It is strange (necessary, strange…) that..若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用 。 It is necessary that we should have finished the task before last Friday. 我们本有必要在上周五前完成这项任务的。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）I wish I (stay) calm when I quarreled with Mom last night. 2．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）I wish I (climb) the Great Wall with you tomorrow, but I’m preparing for the coming exam. 3．（17-18高一下·福建厦门·阶段检测）I would rather you (tell) her the bad news last week, then she would have been good by now. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I would rather my daughter (work) as a teacher but she prefers to be a doctor. 5．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket (throw) over it. 6．（24-25高三下·全国·课后作业）Dressed up, she looks as if she (be) ten years younger. 7．（25-26高一下·吉林长春·期中）He talked as if he (visit) the attractive region before. 8．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It’s high time that we (pay) more attention to physical health in daily life. 9．（25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段检测）If only the government (adopt) stricter regulations before the environment worsened dramatically. 10．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）It is necessary that the teacher (remind) the students not to feed the wild animals. 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（虚拟语气） 1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I __________(not be) where I am. 2. (2019天津) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 3. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________(have) a good time together. 4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. 6. (2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved. 7. (2018北京) They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers. 8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 9. (2017天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday. 10. (2017江苏)_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 名校模拟分类精炼（虚拟语气） 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It is high time that we (pay) attention to the protection of our environment. 2．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If I (be) a boss, I would care about employees’ welfare. 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）If there (be) no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 4．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）I don’t think it is an example of bad writing myself, otherwise I (agree) with Levis. 5．（17-18高三上·黑龙江双鸭山·期中）I really thank you for your help. Without it I （succeed) in finding my lost key. 6．（人教版2019必修一Unit2ReadingforWriting课后练）If you (contact) the school office as soon as you received the notice yesterday, you would not have missed the important deadline. 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）— Did you pass your driving test? Yes, otherwise I (drive) to the picnic next month. 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation. 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） you to succeed, you’ll have to stick to your plan. (用适当的词填空) 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (be) it not for a handful of clothing items and the seats outside lined with casually dressed runners, one might forget it was a retailer at all. 11．（25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段检测） you made full preparations, you would have been more confident. 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If you had had everything ready yesterday, you (will not be) in such a hurry now. 13．（2025高二下·吉林白城·竞赛）If she (follow) the doctor’s advice, she wouldn’t be so fat now. 14．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Without your support and encouragement, I (achieve) nothing in my studies. 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I (come) sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. 16．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）It is necessary that every student (wear) a school uniform. 17．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If only I (get) up a little earlier this morning! I missed the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another. 18．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he (do) something instead of just talking. 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is suggested that the last hour of a day (spend) on reflection — the failures and successes, however large or small. 20．（25-26高一上·重庆·阶段检测）Professor Lee made a request that his team (give) more time to complete the task. 重点语法单项选择（虚拟语气） 1．（25-26高二下·上海浦东新·阶段检测）Without your timely encouragement and support, I ______ so much progress in my spoken English. A．won’t have made B．shouldn’t have made C．needn’t have made D．couldn’t have made 2．（25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期末）I’m glad you told me about yesterday’s show being cancelled. Otherwise I ________all the way for nothing. A．travelled B．had travelled C．would travel D．would have traveled 3．（25-26高三下·天津·阶段检测）— How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood? — Next to nothing. How I wish I ______ harder at English. A．have worked B．had worked C．would work D．would have worked 4．（25-26高三下·天津·阶段检测）In this country, it is required that anyone who wants to settle here ______ pass this kind of test. A．has to B．had to C．have to D．will have to 5．（25-26高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试）We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons. A．organised B．organises C．organise D．is organising 6．（2026内蒙古通辽·模拟预测）They suggest that clever children________ their exams early. A．take B．took C．takes D．will take 7．（2026山东济南·二模）If I were you, I ______the chance to go abroad. A．will seize B．would have seize C．seize D．would seize 8．（25-26高二上·河南信阳·期末）We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we ________ you a hand. A．gave B．had given C．would give D．would have given 9．（25-26高三上·天津红桥·期末）Had the calculations been done by hand, all practical value ______ by the time they were finished. A．had lost B．would lose C．would have lost D．should have lost 10．（25-26天津·模拟预测）Some experts demanded that children ________ enough time for sleep and play. A．give B．should give C．be given D．given 11．（25-26天津红桥·二模）—Shall the bike be repaired by him today? —No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired tomorrow. A．had B．has C．have D．would have 12．（25-26高三上·天津红桥·期末）Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late for the flight yesterday. A．would be B．should be C．would have been D．will have been 13．（25-26天津·三模）I wish I ________ football game on TV last night, but I went to a friend's birthday party. A．watched B．had watched C．would watch D．were watching 14．（25-26高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we _______ repair it at our expense. A．shall; will B．must; should C．should; would D．can; shall 15．（25-26天津·二模）Had it not been for his experience in the forest，we ____________ in the battle with the fierce bear. A．hadn't survived B．wouldn't have survived C．didn't survived D．wouldn't survive 2 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $