专题03 完形填空之说明文（全国通用）（知识清单）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理完形填空说明文专题，通过知识脑图搭建核心脉络，涵盖说明文特点与解题技巧两大知识范畴，配套优题精练实现专题实战通关，构建完整复习体系。 清单以考点分层突破为特色，将说明文“首句提出对象”“按逻辑顺序展开”等特点细化为可操作技巧，结合实例培养学生语言理解与逻辑思维能力。知识脑图直观呈现框架，优题精练精选典型试题，助力学生自主梳理知识，教师可利用其系统性设计针对性复习方案。

清单03 完形填空之说明文 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 特点 知识点1 首句直接提出说明的对象； 知识点2 一般按一定的顺序展开； 知识点3 往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨； 知识点4 一般采用简练的语言； 知识点5 讲究条理性。 考点二 技巧点拨 技巧1 快速掌握文章大意 技巧2 理清说明顺序 技巧3 把握文章的组织结构和事实细节 技巧4 注重上下文语境 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：1.作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提；2.一般按一定的顺序展开，理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义；3.往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂；4.一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律；5.讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。 技巧1. 快速掌握文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 As children returned to school in Sweden last month, many of their teachers were putting new importance on some traditional skills. These included reading printed books, quiet reading time and 1 practice. Teachers were spending 2 time with digital devices, online research and typing skills. The return to traditional ways of learning might be the 3 to criticism about dependence on electronic technology in education. Critics 4 that students are not learning basic skills with the introduction of tablets (平板电脑) in schools. They also claim that physical books are 5 for student learning. According to an international test, compared with other European countries, Sweden’s children 6 below average in 2023. This could partly 7 an overuse of electronic devices during school lessons, which might cause kids to fall behind. Digital learning tools in schools have 8 drawn widespread concern. There has been clear scientific evidence that digital learning tools harm rather than 9 student learning. Moreover, information from digital sources may not be 10 . Parents always 11 that their children are spending too much time staring at screens, which they believe can lead to 12 problems as well as neck and back strain(拉伤). They also fear that the constant 13 to digital distractions may weaken their children’s ability to focus and learn effectively. In response, schools begin to carry out policies and practices that 14 to reduce screen time and promote more 15 learning environments. 1. A. pronunciation B. teaching C. handwriting D. translation 2. A. less B. better C. more D. worse 3. A. access B. answer C. topic D. ability 4. A. admire B. deny C. object D. argue 5. A. essential B. interesting C. demanding D. secondary 6. A. sought B. advanced C. cheated D. scored 7. A. lead to B. rule out C. result from D. focus on 8. A. only B. even C. still D. seldom 9. A. soften B. rescue C. enhance D. track 10. A. accurate B. specific C. global D. official 11. A. approve B. complain C. regard D. pretend 12. A. hearing B. heart C. sight D. mind 13. A. resistance B. addiction C. commitment D. exposure 14. A. refer B. aim C. suit D. agree 15. A. balanced B. diverse C. severe D. stable 技巧2. 理清说明顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 2 . For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 3 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 4 that idea. We brought young children aged 2 — 4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 5 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 6 . We then asked the child if she could 7 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 8 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn’t 9 to her. A number of 10 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 11 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. Their 12 to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard. Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 15 when others use it. 1. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 2. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 3. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 4. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 5. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 6. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 7. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 8. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 9. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave 10. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 11. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 12. A. approaches B. responses C. contribution D. sensitivity 13. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 14. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 15. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 技巧3. 把握文章的组织结构和事实细节 说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 例3: In the quiet, dust-moted corners of the British Museum, a silent battle is being waged against the relentless march of time. Here, the “restorers” work with a blend of scientific precision and artistic intuition. Their mission is not to make ancient artifacts look new, but to stabilize them, preserving the 1 of history for future generations. One such artifact is a fractured Roman vase, shattered into hundreds of pieces. To the untrained eye, it is a pile of 2 shards. To the restorer, it is a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle waiting to be solved. The process begins with meticulous cleaning. Every speck of dirt must be removed, not with harsh chemicals, but with gentle solvents that respect the 3 material. The most challenging phase is the reassembly. The restorer must hold the fragile pieces together, often without adhesive at first, to understand the 4 structure. It requires a steady hand and immense patience. A moment of 5 could result in irreversible damage. “You have to listen to the object,” says Elena, a senior conservator. “It tells you where it wants to go.” Once the structure is understood, a reversible adhesive is applied. The choice of glue is critical; it must be strong enough to hold the weight but 6 enough to be removed by future conservators who might have better technology. This principle of reversibility is the 7 of modern conservation ethics. We do not impose our will on the past; we merely 8 it. There are gaps, of course — missing pieces that were lost centuries ago. In the past, restorers might have 9 these gaps with new clay, trying to deceive the viewer. Today, the philosophy is different. Missing parts are filled with a neutral material, clearly 10 from the original, so that the viewer can distinguish between the ancient craft and the modern repair. Honesty, in this profession, is 11 . The work is slow, often taking months for a single object. It is not a job for those seeking 12 gratification. The reward is subtle. It comes in the quiet satisfaction of seeing a broken object become whole again, or in the knowledge that a piece of human heritage has been 13 from the jaws of oblivion. In a world that values speed and novelty, these restorers stand as guardians of 14 . They remind us that while empires fall and civilizations crumble, the human touch — the fingerprint on the clay, the brushstroke on the canvas — can 15 , if only we care enough to save it. 1. A. dignity B. weight C. length D. width 2. A. precious B. worthless C. decorative D. ancient 3. A. fragile B. rigid C. flexible D. solid 4. A. external B. internal C. original D. final 5. A. hesitation B. inspiration C. distraction D. determination 6. A. permanent B. soluble C. invisible D. durable 7. A. violation B. cornerstone C. outcome D. suspicion 8. A. facilitate B. dominate C. ignore D. evaluate 9. A. exposed B. bridged C. fabricated D. enlarged 10. A. inseparable B. indistinguishable C. distinguishable D. detachable 11. A. optional B. paramount C. subjective D. controversial 12. A. delayed B. spiritual C. immediate D. emotional 13. A. rescued B. isolated C. excluded D. erased 14. A. innovation B. efficiency C. profit D. permanence 15. A. fade B. endure C. vanish D. collapse 技巧4. 注重上下文语境 对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 After another meeting, the division head turned to Sally and said, “We can always count on you.” Weeks later, when a project took a wrong turn, Sally’s boss 1 again. “You’re the only one I trust to fix this.” Sally fixed the problem and was greeted with the phrases you’d expect: “ 2 work,” “We’d be lost without you,” and “You’re the glue that keeps everything together.” Sally was always praised for this type of work, but the 3 was that despite her excellence, she was not 4 in her career. Each time she 5 a problem, she waited to be promoted. Months passed, and then years. The 6 went to Sally’s co-workers who were described as “visionary,” “strategic,” and “innovative.” Why? When someone hears words like “dependable,” those compliments(赞美) begin to 7 their professional identity. Within organizations, it is your identity that guides how work gets 8 . If you are often 9 with big ideas, leadership comes to mind. If you are the person who keeps everything 10 , moving you into a new role creates risk. Your 11 would leave a gap. So leaders, often unintentionally, keep you 12 where you are. The praise continues, but the 13 do not. High performers like Sally should think about how to make the way they and their work are described 14 them for the next level. Meanwhile, organizations should create growth paths for their most 15 performers. 1. A. pulled through B. turned back C. reached out D. rolled over 2. A. Complicated B. Outstanding C. Regular D. Popular 3. A. belief B. promise C. interpretation D. problem 4. A. advancing B. cooperating C. behaving D. protesting 5. A. detected B. described C. solved D. encountered 6. A. discussions B. salaries C. interviews D. promotions 7. A. define B. block C. ruin D. replace 8. A. completed B. distributed C. evaluated D. simplified 9. A. impressed B. associated C. compared D. faced 10. A. functioning B. collapsing C. shifting D. emerging 11. A. intervention B. struggle C. performance D. absence 12. A. aimlessly B. occasionally C. exactly D. suddenly 13. A. negotiations B. comments C. outcomes D. opportunities 14. A. empty B. remember C. position D. forgive 15. A. innovative B. reliable C. strategic D. insightful 优题精练●专题实战通关 Passage 1 (2026届江西三九校联考高三联合质量检测英语试题)Vernacular architecture(乡土建筑), as a 1 of localized knowledge and environmental adaptation, exhibits remarkable diversity across global regions, with each strategy tailored to specific climatic, cultural, and material contexts. By 2 passive design techniques, vernacular structures optimize energy efficiency and occupant comfort, offering invaluable lessons for contemporary sustainable architecture. These strategies, deeply rooted in their respective climatic contexts, demonstrate a universal 3 of vernacular design: the integration of local environmental dynamics with culturally informed construction practices to achieve energy efficiency and resilience. In tropical zones, for instance, elevated floor plans and porous wall systems 4 cross-ventilation, effectively dissipating trapped heat without mechanical aid. In arid regions, thick earthen walls with narrow openings function as thermal mass, stabilizing indoor temperatures amid 5 diurnal fluctuations. Critics once dismissed vernacular methods as outdated and 6 with modern urban density, but recent research has 7 refuted this long-held assumption. A 2025 study from the Harvard Graduate School of Design reveals that adapted vernacular strategies can reduce building energy consumption by up to 40 percent in dense urban settings, 8 many high-tech sustainable solutions. The key lies in contextual sensitivity rather than rigid 9 : designers extract core climatic principles and recombine them with modern materials and structural engineering. This revival of vernacular wisdom marks a profound 10 in architectural discourse, moving beyond purely aesthetic trends toward environmentally rooted design. It challenges the notion that progress requires 11 tradition, instead framing heritage as a dynamic resource for addressing 21st-century climate challenges. 12 , as urbanization accelerates worldwide, embracing place-based design principles will prove 13 to creating resilient, low-carbon built environments for future generations. Ultimately, this approach 14 a core truth: sustainable architecture does not arise from 15 technological complexity alone, but from harmony with the natural world. 1. A. symptom B. symbol C. sample D. manifestation 2. A. dominating B. elevating C. leveraging D. generating 3. A. principle B. discipline C. formula D. hierarchy 4. A. accelerate B. facilitate C. accumulate D. calculate 5. A. ambiguous B. spontaneous C. simultaneous D. extreme 6. A. consistent B. compatible C. incompatible D. comparable 7. A. convincingly B. arbitrarily C. tentatively D. superficially 8. A. in line with B. in contrast to C. in place of D. superior to 9. A. regulation B. replication C. restriction D. recognition 10. A. peak B. barrier C. shift D. gap 11. A. preserving B. inheriting C. modifying D. abandoning 12. A. By contrast B. In turn C. At length D. On occasion 13. A. superficial B. arbitrary C. redundant D. indispensable 14. A. conceals B. violates C. reveals D. resolves 15. A. mere B. mutual C. marginal D. massive Passage 2 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测9英语试题)Most of us are bad at predicting what will make us happy, including the world’s best athletes. Four years ago, Swiss skier Mathilde Gremaud won gold at just 22 at the Beijing Winter Olympics. But within a month, her joy had 1 . “There’s nothing left,” she said. “It was super 2 .” Gremaud is far from an isolated case. Researchers have found that a significant number of Olympians 3 from a phenomenon called the post-Olympic blues — a(n) 4 crash following the Games. For decades, scientists have sought to 5 why this happens. The answer starts with a simple but 6 fact: people are really bad at predicting what will make them happy. One of the main reasons for this is a cognitive 7 known as “focalism” — the tendency to focus 8 on big, life-changing events while 9 all the smaller, everyday aspects of life. When we imagine happiness, we tend to think of 10 moments: a championship, a promotion, a dream vacation. But here is what researchers have actually discovered: how good your experiences are doesn’t 11 nearly as much as how many good experiences you have. The 12 of small, positive moments is a far better 13 of overall happiness than the intensity of a single great event. 14 , happiness is not one big victory. It is the 15 of hundreds of small things. 1. A. disappeared B. multiplied C. lessened D. collapsed 2. A. tiring B. empty C. lonely D. meaningless 3. A. escape B. recover C. benefit D. suffer 4. A. emotional B. physical C. sudden D. financial 5. A. carry out B. point out C. figure out D. rule out 6. A. apparent B. surprising C. remarkable D. well-known 7. A. bias B. ability C. error D. blindness 8. A. narrowly B. broadly C. briefly D. casually 9. A. balancing B. remembering C. ignoring D. overvaluing 10. A. memorable B. intense C. rare D. daily 11. A. differ B. matter C. improve D. bother 12. A. duration B. quality C. frequency D. variety 13. A. result B. cause C. reminder D. predictor 14. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Obviously D. Actually 15. A. mixture B. outcome C. sum D. achievement Passage 3 (2025-2026学年河南省叶县高级中学高三期末6月英语考试)As a psychology professor, I’ve studied the happiness curve for years. But looking at the 1 faces in my classroom, I felt my research wasn’t helping. Young adults increasingly report lower levels of 2 than middle-aged and older adults. One day, I tried something 3 . I asked my class: “Do you think the students around you are 4 ?” Most hands went up. Then I asked: “Do you think others see you as cold too?” Nearly every hand 5 . Then I showed them our survey results: 92% of those surveyed wanted deeper 6 , and 85% were ready to help a classmate in need. The room went quiet. The results had surprised them. A girl whispered, “But Professor, everyone wears headphones and always looks 7 .” “We usually 8 how friendly and kind we all are,” I explained So we 9 the Connection Project. We put posters up in dormitories and also 10 students to take chances on each other. Mark, a silent freshman, dined with three unfamiliar 11 . Soon they became a learning circle. “We weren’t really enjoying being alone — we were just too 12 to reach out,” Mark told us. Six months later participants reported 30% higher happiness and, 13 , four new friends. On the last day of my course, I closed my notebook and said, “Happiness isn’t a fruit you enjoy 14 , but a garden we grow together. We must jump into the social waters, even when staying on 15 is safer.” 1. A. excited B. blank C. angry D. smiling 2. A. anxiety B. pressure C. education D. happiness 3. A. fun B. different C. easy D. risky 4. A. cruel B. proud C. unfriendly D. smart 5. A. stayed up B. reached out C. pulled back D. went down 6. A. investigations B. connections C. thoughts D. learning 7. A. tired B. concerned C. busy D. alert 8. A. highlight B. wonder C. appreciate D. underestimate 9. A. supported B. modified C. designed D. launched 10. A. forced B. allowed C. encouraged D. challenged 11. A. volunteers B. professors C. classmates D. relatives 12. A. shy B. lazy C. modest D. polite 13. A. for instance B. in total C. as usual D. on average 14. A. alone B. most C. secretly D. freely 15. A. stage B. shore C. site D. campus Passage 4 (2026届河南信阳高级中学北湖校区高三考前模拟预测英语试题)We see different natural phenomena around us every day, but few of us really understand why they 1 . From rainbows in the sky to seasons changing, most natural phenomena are based on basic scientific 2 . Learning about them not only helps us know the world better but also makes our life more 3 . A rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. It appears when sunlight passes through small water 4 in the air, usually after rain. The light splits into different 5 , making a colorful arc in the sky. Many people think rainbows can only be seen after rain, but in fact, they can also appear near waterfalls or on sunny days with heavy mist. Seasonal changes are another common phenomenon. The four seasons happen because the earth 6 around the sun. When part of the earth is closer to the sun, it is summer; when it is 7 away, it is winter. This change also 8 the growth of plants and the activities of animals, forming a balanced natural cycle. Many people are afraid of thunder and lightning, but they are also normal natural phenomena. Lightning is caused by the movement of electric charges in clouds, and thunder is the 9 made by lightning heating the air. We should stay away from open places and tall trees during thunderstorms to keep 10 . Some other small phenomena, like water turning into ice in winter or leaves falling in autumn, are also 11 by scientific rules. We often take them for granted, but if we 12 carefully, we can find science everywhere in our life. Understanding natural phenomena teaches us to be curious and 13 the world. It helps us tell the difference between science and superstition, and makes us think more 14 . We should keep observing and learning to 15 the secrets of nature and science. 1. A. disappear B. happen C. die D. end 2. A. rules B. stories C. dreams D. mistakes 3. A. meaningless B. interesting C. boring D. tiring 4. A. stones B. drops C. trees D. hills 5. A. parts B. sizes C. shapes D. colors 6. A. turns B. runs C. travels D. moves 7. A. farther B. closer C. higher D. lower 8. A. stops B. influences C. harms D. destroys 9. A. light B. sound C. smell D. taste 10. A. safe B. dangerous C. warm D. cold 11. A. controlled B. broken C. stopped D. made 12. A. ignore B. observe C. forget D. hate 13. A. fear B. respect C. damage D. change 14. A. blindly B. wisely C. angrily D. sadly 15. A. discover B. hide C. cover D. lose Passage 5 (2026届湖南部分学校高三下学期一模英语试题)A new year has arrived. It’s a fresh 1 . You wake up determined to finally tackle that 2 challenge on your mind — whether it’s fighting climate change, 3 wild animals, or helping your community. But soon, 4 begin to whisper: “Where should I begin? And if I try, will it really make a 5 ?” Take climate change for example. Even top scientists find it 6 to solve. And here you are, just trying to remember to 7 your own shopping bags to the supermarket. Still, there is one small creature that might 8 us: the honeybee. Marianne Gee, a beekeeper from Canada, says bees teach us something important — that small 9 can lead to big changes. According to Gee, “a bee in her lifetime makes only 1/12th of a teaspoon of honey” — a tiny amount 10 the vast quantity of honey that a typical colony(蜂群) needs to survive. “The most 11 thing isn’t that she does the work; it’s that she doesn’t even do it for herself,” she adds. A bee won’t directly 12 from the honey she makes; instead, it will allow future generations to live and grow after she is gone. In the same way, we can change the 13 — not by focusing on how much we contribute, but by 14 our efforts to those of others. So 15 making honey. Your 1/12th of a teaspoon counts. 1. A. idea B. start C. greeting D. look 2. A. common B. small C. familiar D. big 3. A. protecting B. watching C. finding D. raising 4. A. beliefs B. arguments C. regrets D. doubts 5. A. promise B. mistake C. difference D. decision 6. A. possible B. hard C. unfit D. urgent 7. A. leave B. give C. bring D. send 8. A. inspire B. help C. amaze D. remind 9. A. actions B. wishes C. strategies D. movements 10. A. separated from B. coming from C. compared to D. connecting with 11. A. enjoyable B. remarkable C. reliable D. believable 12. A. distinguish B. suffer C. learn D. benefit 13. A. situation B. world C. rules D. purpose 14. A. passing B. showing C. introducing D. adding 15. A. consider B. imagine C. keep D. practice Passage 6 (2025-2026学年度辽宁重点高中下学期高三三模考试英语试题)It’s picking season at Christian Nachtwey’s orchard(果园) in Germany. Workers are loading their cars with 1 apples, which will be delivered to supermarkets all over Europe. But Nachtwey’s orchard is not a 2 farm; Many of the apple trees grow beneath solar panels that have been producing 3 during this year’s unusually sun-rich summer, while providing the fruit below with much-needed 4 . Setting up solar panels above farmland is becoming increasingly 5 in Europe and North America, as farmers 6 to make the most of their land and get a second source of income. “Getting the right mix of crops and solar panels is 7 though, because modern fruit varieties need 8 growing conditions,” Nachtwey says. “Any 9 can disturb the balance and lead to the wrong color or taste that consumers 10 .” That’s why Nachtwey is 11 with researchers to test which apple varieties grow well under the solar panels. To 12 the results, researchers say that they need at least two to three full years to record all the weather conditions that might occur. “We hope that the 13 will tell us which fruit tree grows well under solar panels. This could help prevent renewable energy production from 14 for precious land with agriculture. It is a growing concern for those trying to 15 rising costs and climate change,” says Juergen Zimmer, one of the experts who are working with Nachtwey. 1. A. damaged B. ripe C. salty D. processed 2. A. profitable B. new C. conventional D. big 3. A. electricity B. fruit C. wine D. rice 4. A. light B. water C. wind D. shade 5. A. popular B. competitive C. costly D. easy 6. A. hesitate B. refuse C. seek D. claim 7. A. beneficial B. convenient C. harmful D. hard 8. A. particular B. adjusted C. traditional D. unknown 9. A. people B. change C. crop D. delay 10. A. pay B. dislike C. prefer D. need 11. A. arguing B. living C. collaborating D. joking 12. A. ignore B. mix C. accept D. compare 13. A. devices B. tests C. experts D. authorities 14. A. competing B. looking C. standing D. longing 15. A. give way to B. concentrate on C. deal with D. take care of 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单03 完形填空之说明文 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 特点 知识点1 首句直接提出说明的对象； 知识点2 一般按一定的顺序展开； 知识点3 往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨； 知识点4 一般采用简练的语言； 知识点5 讲究条理性。 考点二 技巧点拨 技巧1 快速掌握文章大意 技巧2 理清说明顺序 技巧3 把握文章的组织结构和事实细节 技巧4 注重上下文语境 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：1.作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提；2.一般按一定的顺序展开，理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义；3.往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂；4.一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律；5.讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。 技巧1. 快速掌握文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 As children returned to school in Sweden last month, many of their teachers were putting new importance on some traditional skills. These included reading printed books, quiet reading time and 1 practice. Teachers were spending 2 time with digital devices, online research and typing skills. The return to traditional ways of learning might be the 3 to criticism about dependence on electronic technology in education. Critics 4 that students are not learning basic skills with the introduction of tablets (平板电脑) in schools. They also claim that physical books are 5 for student learning. According to an international test, compared with other European countries, Sweden’s children 6 below average in 2023. This could partly 7 an overuse of electronic devices during school lessons, which might cause kids to fall behind. Digital learning tools in schools have 8 drawn widespread concern. There has been clear scientific evidence that digital learning tools harm rather than 9 student learning. Moreover, information from digital sources may not be 10 . Parents always 11 that their children are spending too much time staring at screens, which they believe can lead to 12 problems as well as neck and back strain(拉伤). They also fear that the constant 13 to digital distractions may weaken their children’s ability to focus and learn effectively. In response, schools begin to carry out policies and practices that 14 to reduce screen time and promote more 15 learning environments. 1. A. pronunciation B. teaching C. handwriting D. translation 2. A. less B. better C. more D. worse 3. A. access B. answer C. topic D. ability 4. A. admire B. deny C. object D. argue 5. A. essential B. interesting C. demanding D. secondary 6. A. sought B. advanced C. cheated D. scored 7. A. lead to B. rule out C. result from D. focus on 8. A. only B. even C. still D. seldom 9. A. soften B. rescue C. enhance D. track 10. A. accurate B. specific C. global D. official 11. A. approve B. complain C. regard D. pretend 12. A. hearing B. heart C. sight D. mind 13. A. resistance B. addiction C. commitment D. exposure 14. A. refer B. aim C. suit D. agree 15. A. balanced B. diverse C. severe D. stable 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【语篇导读】这篇文章主要介绍了瑞典学校重拾手写、纸质阅读等传统学习方式，减少电子设备使用。过度数字化拖累学生成绩、危害健康与学习效率，多方对此担忧，学校出台政策营造均衡的学习环境。 1. 考查名词。句意：这些技能包括阅读印刷书籍、安静的阅读时间以及书写练习。A. pronunciation发音；B. teaching教学；C. handwriting书写；D. translation翻译。根据前文列举传统技能“reading printed books, quiet reading time”均为线下传统学习行为，可知，手写练习属于同类传统技能。 2. 考查形容词。句意：老师们减少了使用电子设备、进行在线研究和打字技能的时间。A. less更少的；B. better更好的；C. more更多的；D. worse更差的。根据上文“many of their teachers were putting new importance on some traditional skills”可知，学校重新重视传统技能，必然减少电子设备、线上查阅、打字等数字化学习的时间。 3. 考查名词。句意：回归传统的学习方式或许能解决有关教育中过度依赖电子技术的批评。A. access通道，使用权；B. answer回应，答案；C. topic话题；D. ability能力。根据句意以及下文“…to criticism about dependence on electronic technology in education”可知，外界一直批评教育过度依赖电子科技，回归传统就是对此的回应。固定搭配the answer to criticism“对批评的回应”。 4. 考查动词。句意：批评者认为，自从学校引入平板电脑后，学生们并没有掌握基本技能。A. admire欣赏；B. deny否认；C. object反对；D. argue主张，认为。根据句意以及下文“…that students are not learning basic skills with the introduction of tablets in schools”可知，批评者认为，自从学校引入平板电脑后，学生们并没有掌握基本技能。 5. 考查形容词。句意：他们还声称，实体书籍对于学生的学习至关重要。A. essential至关重要的；B. interesting有趣的；C. demanding费力的；D. secondary次要的。根据上文“They also claim that physical books”以及全文推崇传统纸质学习，批判数字化，因此纸质书对学习是必不可少的。 6. 考查动词。句意：根据一项国际测试，与其他欧洲国家相比，瑞典孩子的 2023 年成绩得分低于平均水平。A. sought寻找；B. advanced进步；C. cheated作弊；D. scored得分。根据句意以及上文“According to an international test”可知，此处指的是瑞典孩子的2023 年成绩得分低于平均水平。 7. 考查动词短语。句意：这可能部分是由于在课堂上过度使用电子设备所致，这可能会导致孩子们落后。A. lead to导致；B. rule out排除；C. result from起因于；D. focus on聚焦于。 根据下文“an overuse of electronic devices during school lessons”可知，成绩偏低，部分源于课堂过度使用电子设备。 8. 考查副词。句意：学校里的数字学习工具甚至引起了广泛的担忧。A. only仅仅；B. even甚至；C. still仍然；D. seldom很少。根据前文提到数字化带来诸多问题，语境下文“drawn widespread concern”可知，此处递进指出：数字化学习工具甚至引发了全社会的广泛担忧。 9. 考查动词。句意：有明确的科学证据表明，数字学习工具对学生的学习起着损害而非促进的作用。A. soften软化；B. rescue拯救；C. enhance提升，增强；D. track追踪。根据句意以及上文“digital learning tools harm rather than”可知，数字工具损害而非提升学生学习效果。 10. 考查形容词。句意：此外，来自数字来源的信息可能并不准确。A. accurate准确的；B. specific具体的；C. global全球的；D. official官方的。根据语境以及上文“information from digital sources may not be”可知，网络信息杂乱，天然弊端是不够准确、真伪难辨。 11. 考查动词。句意：家长们总是抱怨自己的孩子花太多时间盯着屏幕，他们认为这可能会导致视力问题以及颈部和背部拉伤。A. approve赞成；B. complain抱怨；C. regard看待；D. pretend假装。根据后文“their children are spending too much time staring at screens”提到孩子盯着屏幕太久、损害健康，可知，此处指的是家长的不满与抱怨。 12. 考查名词。句意：家长们总是抱怨自己的孩子花太多时间盯着屏幕，他们认为这可能会导致视力问题以及颈部和背部拉伤。A. hearing听力；B. heart心脏；C. sight视力；D. mind心智。根据上文“spending too much time staring at screens”可知，长时间看屏幕，最直接的问题是视力下降。 13. 考查名词。句意：他们还担心孩子长期接触电子干扰因素可能会削弱他们集中注意力和有效学习的能力。A. resistance抵制；B. addiction上瘾；C. commitment投入；D. exposure接触，暴露。根据语境以及下文“digital distractions may weaken their children’s ability to focus”可知，长期接触各类数字干扰，会削弱专注力。 14. 考查动词。句意：对此，学校开始实施相关政策和措施，旨在减少屏幕使用时间，并营造更加平衡的学习环境。A. refer参考；B. aim旨在，目标是；C. suit适合；D. agree同意。根据上文“In response, schools begin to carry out policies and practices”可知，校出台政策，目的是减少屏幕时间。固定搭配aim to do“旨在做某事”。 15. 考查形容词。句意：对此，学校开始实施相关政策和措施，旨在减少屏幕使用时间，并营造更加平衡的学习环境。A. balanced均衡的；B. diverse多样的；C. severe严苛的；D. stable稳定的。根据语境以及下文“learning environments”可知，减少数字化、回归传统，目的是平衡两种学习模式，打造均衡的学习环境。 技巧2. 理清说明顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 2 . For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 3 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 4 that idea. We brought young children aged 2 — 4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 5 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 6 . We then asked the child if she could 7 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 8 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn’t 9 to her. A number of 10 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 11 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. Their 12 to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard. Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 15 when others use it. 1. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 2. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 3. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 4. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 5. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 6. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 7. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 8. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 9. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave 10. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 11. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 12. A. approaches B. responses C. contribution D. sensitivity 13. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 14. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 15. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍幼儿捉迷藏技巧差的现象，推翻其因“自我中心”导致的传统观点，通过实验说明幼儿的行为源于对相互认可的坚持。 1. 考查动词。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光、让自己不被看见是一件非常令人兴奋的事。A. following跟随；B. taking拿走；C. escaping避开、逃离；D. directing指导。根据下文“making oneself unable to be seen”可知，此处指避开别人的目光，符合捉迷藏的场景。 2. 考查形容词。句意：他们经常只用手捂住眼睛，让身体的其他部分暴露在外。A. exposed暴露的；B. examined被检查的；C. untouched未被触碰的；D. imbalanced不平衡的。根据上文“only cover their eyes with their hands”可知，身体其他部分没有被遮挡，处于暴露状态。 3. 考查动词。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释、解读。根据下文“as evidence that...”可知，此处指人们将这种行为解读为自我中心的表现。 4. 考查动词。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果反驳了这一观点。A. explained解释；B. confirmed确认；C. contradicted反驳、否定；D. tested测试。根据前文“but”表转折可知，研究结果与前文的传统观点相反，即反驳了该观点。 5. 考查名词。句意：每个孩子都和一个捂住自己眼睛或耳朵的成年人坐在一起。A. parent父母；B. child孩子；C. researcher研究者；D. doctor医生。根据前文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our lab”可知，此处指参与实验的每个孩子。 6. 考查名词。句意：每个孩子都和一个捂住自己眼睛或耳朵的成年人坐在一起。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，此处的动作与“听”相关，捂住耳朵会影响听觉。 7. 考查动词。句意：然后我们问孩子是否能看到或听到那个成年人。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据前文“covered her own eyes”可知，捂住眼睛会影响视觉，此处对应询问能否看到成年人。 8. 考查名词。句意：当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话了。A. event重大事件；B. thing事情；C. action动作；D. accident事故。此处指前文“孩子说看不到或听不到成年人”的情况再次发生，用thing指代前文的现象。 9. 考查动词。句意：当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话了。A. speak说话；B. listen倾听；C. turn转动；D. wave挥手。根据上文“covered her own mouth”可知，捂住嘴会影响说话，孩子误以为自己不能和成年人说话。 10. 考查名词。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题的可能性。A. instructions指示；B. descriptions描述；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据前文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处是在介绍实验室的研究，通过进一步实验排除误解的可能。 11. 考查动词。句意：结果很清楚：我们的小实验对象理解了问题，并且确切地知道被要求做什么。A. comprehended理解、明白；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“knew exactly what was asked of them”可知，孩子们理解了问题。 12. 考查名词。句意：他们对问题的回答反映了他们真正的信念：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. approaches方法；B. responses回答、回应；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据前文“children replied that they couldn’t”可知，此处指孩子们对问题的回答。 13. 考查动词短语。句意：他们只是坚持相互认可和尊重。A. hold back抑制；B. relate to与……相关；C. insist on坚持；D. make up编造。根据前文孩子们的信念“I can see you only if you can see me, too”可知，他们坚持相互认可。 14. 考查名词。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当一个孩子用毯子盖住头“躲藏”时，这并不是自我中心的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements要求；C. theories理论；D. findings研究结果。根据前文“our surprising research results”可知，此处指研究得出的结论，即研究结果。 15. 考查形容词。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative试探性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative有创造力的；D. effective有效的。根据前文“this ineffective hiding method”以及研究推翻传统观点可知，孩子们认为这种方法是有效的。 技巧3. 把握文章的组织结构和事实细节 说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 例3: In the quiet, dust-moted corners of the British Museum, a silent battle is being waged against the relentless march of time. Here, the “restorers” work with a blend of scientific precision and artistic intuition. Their mission is not to make ancient artifacts look new, but to stabilize them, preserving the 1 of history for future generations. One such artifact is a fractured Roman vase, shattered into hundreds of pieces. To the untrained eye, it is a pile of 2 shards. To the restorer, it is a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle waiting to be solved. The process begins with meticulous cleaning. Every speck of dirt must be removed, not with harsh chemicals, but with gentle solvents that respect the 3 material. The most challenging phase is the reassembly. The restorer must hold the fragile pieces together, often without adhesive at first, to understand the 4 structure. It requires a steady hand and immense patience. A moment of 5 could result in irreversible damage. “You have to listen to the object,” says Elena, a senior conservator. “It tells you where it wants to go.” Once the structure is understood, a reversible adhesive is applied. The choice of glue is critical; it must be strong enough to hold the weight but 6 enough to be removed by future conservators who might have better technology. This principle of reversibility is the 7 of modern conservation ethics. We do not impose our will on the past; we merely 8 it. There are gaps, of course — missing pieces that were lost centuries ago. In the past, restorers might have 9 these gaps with new clay, trying to deceive the viewer. Today, the philosophy is different. Missing parts are filled with a neutral material, clearly 10 from the original, so that the viewer can distinguish between the ancient craft and the modern repair. Honesty, in this profession, is 11 . The work is slow, often taking months for a single object. It is not a job for those seeking 12 gratification. The reward is subtle. It comes in the quiet satisfaction of seeing a broken object become whole again, or in the knowledge that a piece of human heritage has been 13 from the jaws of oblivion. In a world that values speed and novelty, these restorers stand as guardians of 14 . They remind us that while empires fall and civilizations crumble, the human touch — the fingerprint on the clay, the brushstroke on the canvas — can 15 , if only we care enough to save it. 1. A. dignity B. weight C. length D. width 2. A. precious B. worthless C. decorative D. ancient 3. A. fragile B. rigid C. flexible D. solid 4. A. external B. internal C. original D. final 5. A. hesitation B. inspiration C. distraction D. determination 6. A. permanent B. soluble C. invisible D. durable 7. A. violation B. cornerstone C. outcome D. suspicion 8. A. facilitate B. dominate C. ignore D. evaluate 9. A. exposed B. bridged C. fabricated D. enlarged 10. A. inseparable B. indistinguishable C. distinguishable D. detachable 11. A. optional B. paramount C. subjective D. controversial 12. A. delayed B. spiritual C. immediate D. emotional 13. A. rescued B. isolated C. excluded D. erased 14. A. innovation B. efficiency C. profit D. permanence 15. A. fade B. endure C. vanish D. collapse 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 【语篇导读】文章介绍大英博物馆文物修复工作、修复原则以及文物修复的意义与价值。 1. 考查名词。句意：他们的使命不是让古老的文物焕然一新，而是稳固文物，为后代留存历史的尊严。A. dignity尊严；B. weight重量；C. length长度；D. width宽度。根据前文“Their mission is not to make ancient artifacts look new, but to stabilize them”可知，修复文物是为了留存历史尊严。 2. 考查形容词。句意：对于没有受过训练的人来说，它是一堆毫无价值的碎片。A. precious珍贵的；B. worthless无价值的；C. decorative装饰性的；D. ancient古代的。根据前文“shattered into hundreds of pieces”可知，文物碎成很多片，对于没有受过训练的人来说，这些碎片是无价值的。 3. 考查形容词。句意：每一粒灰尘都必须清除，不是用强力的化学物质，而是用温和的溶剂，以尊重脆弱的材料。A. fragile脆弱的；B. rigid僵硬的；C. flexible灵活的；D. solid坚固的。根据前文“not with harsh chemicals, but with gentle solvents”可知，文物材质脆弱，需要轻柔清洁。 4. 考查形容词。句意：修复师必须拼接易碎碎片，起初通常不使用胶水，以此摸清文物原本的结构。A. external外部的；B. internal内部的；C. original原本的；D. final最终的。根据前文“The most challenging phase is the reassembly”可知，重组文物需要还原其原本结构。 5. 考查名词。句意：这需要稳健的手法和极大的耐心，稍有分心就可能造成不可逆的损坏。A. hesitation犹豫；B. inspiration灵感；C. distraction分心；D. determination决心。根据前文“It requires a steady hand and immense patience”可知，修复文物时需要全神贯注，分心会导致不可逆转的损害。 6. 考查形容词。句意：胶水的选择至关重要，既要足够牢固，又要具备可溶性，方便未来技术更先进的修复师拆除。A. permanent永久的；B. soluble可溶解的；C. invisible隐形的；D. durable耐用的。根据后文“enough to be removed by future conservators”可知，胶水要可溶，以便未来修复者去除。 7. 考查名词。句意：这种可逆性原则是现代文物保护伦理的基石。A. violation违反；B. cornerstone基石、基础；C. outcome结果；D. suspicion怀疑。根据前文“This principle of reversibility”可知，该原则是现代文物保护的核心基础。 8. 考查动词。句意：我们不将自身意志强加于历史，只是助力历史留存。A. facilitate促进，助力；B. dominate支配；C. ignore忽视；D. evaluate评估。根据前文“We do not impose our will on the past”可知，我们不把自己的意志强加给过去，只是促进它。 9. 考查动词。句意：过去，修复师可能会用新陶捏造缺损部分，试图蒙蔽观看的人。A. exposed暴露；B. bridged架桥；C. fabricated捏造，填补；D. enlarged扩大。根据后文“trying to deceive the viewer”可知，旧时修复师会人工捏造部件伪造文物原貌。 10. 考查形容词。句意：缺失的部分会用中性材料填补，与原文物清晰可区分。A. inseparable不可分割的；B. indistinguishable难以区分的；C. distinguishable可区分的；D. detachable可拆卸的。根据后文“the viewer can distinguish between the ancient craft and the modern repair”可知，缺失的部分填充的材料要与原件明显不同，以便观众区分。 11. 考查形容词。句意：在这个行业中，坦诚真实至关重要。A. optional可选的；B. paramount至关重要的；C. subjective主观的；D. controversial有争议的。根据前文修复工作追求真实、不刻意造假的理念可知，真实性在该行业至关重要。 12. 考查形容词。句意：这份工作不适合追求即时满足感的人。A. delayed延迟的；B. spiritual精神的；C. immediate即时的；D. emotional情感的。根据前文“The work is slow, often taking months for a single object”可知，修复文物工作很慢，不是寻求即时满足感的工作。 13. 考查动词。句意：修复的成就感，源于见证破损文物重归完整，源于将人类文化遗产从湮灭边缘拯救回来。A. rescued拯救；B. isolated隔离；C. excluded排除；D. erased抹去。根据后文“from the jaws of oblivion”可知，修复工作拯救了濒危文化遗产。 14. 考查名词。句意：在推崇速度与新奇的时代，这些修复师是永恒之物的守护者。A. innovation创新；B. efficiency效率；C. profit利益；D. permanence永恒、恒久。根据后文“while empires fall and civilizations crumble”可知，修复师守护着恒久的人类文明。 15. 考查动词。句意：它们提醒我们，帝国覆灭、文明崩塌，但人类的匠心印记，只要我们用心守护，便能恒久留存。A. fade消退；B. endure持久、存续；C. vanish消失；D. collapse崩塌。根据后文“if only we care enough to save it”可知，只要我们足够关心去拯救它，人类的触感就能经受住时间的考验。 技巧4. 注重上下文语境 对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 After another meeting, the division head turned to Sally and said, “We can always count on you.” Weeks later, when a project took a wrong turn, Sally’s boss 1 again. “You’re the only one I trust to fix this.” Sally fixed the problem and was greeted with the phrases you’d expect: “ 2 work,” “We’d be lost without you,” and “You’re the glue that keeps everything together.” Sally was always praised for this type of work, but the 3 was that despite her excellence, she was not 4 in her career. Each time she 5 a problem, she waited to be promoted. Months passed, and then years. The 6 went to Sally’s co-workers who were described as “visionary,” “strategic,” and “innovative.” Why? When someone hears words like “dependable,” those compliments(赞美) begin to 7 their professional identity. Within organizations, it is your identity that guides how work gets 8 . If you are often 9 with big ideas, leadership comes to mind. If you are the person who keeps everything 10 , moving you into a new role creates risk. Your 11 would leave a gap. So leaders, often unintentionally, keep you 12 where you are. The praise continues, but the 13 do not. High performers like Sally should think about how to make the way they and their work are described 14 them for the next level. Meanwhile, organizations should create growth paths for their most 15 performers. 1. A. pulled through B. turned back C. reached out D. rolled over 2. A. Complicated B. Outstanding C. Regular D. Popular 3. A. belief B. promise C. interpretation D. problem 4. A. advancing B. cooperating C. behaving D. protesting 5. A. detected B. described C. solved D. encountered 6. A. discussions B. salaries C. interviews D. promotions 7. A. define B. block C. ruin D. replace 8. A. completed B. distributed C. evaluated D. simplified 9. A. impressed B. associated C. compared D. faced 10. A. functioning B. collapsing C. shifting D. emerging 11. A. intervention B. struggle C. performance D. absence 12. A. aimlessly B. occasionally C. exactly D. suddenly 13. A. negotiations B. comments C. outcomes D. opportunities 14. A. empty B. remember C. position D. forgive 15. A. innovative B. reliable C. strategic D. insightful 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B 【语篇导读】文章主要论述职场中踏实可靠的员工常被表扬却得不到晋升，并分析可靠标签阻碍职业发展的职场原因。 1. 考查动词短语。句意：几周后，当一个项目出现差错时，萨莉的老板再次向她求助。A. pulled through渡过难关；B. turned back转身；C. reached out伸出手、求助；D. rolled over翻身。根据后文“You’re the only one I trust to fix this”可知，老板遇到麻烦再次找她帮忙。 2. 考查形容词。句意：萨莉解决了问题，然后听到了大家意料之中的夸奖：“干得出色”“没有你我们不行”以及“你是维系一切正常运转的中坚力量。”A. Complicated复杂的；B. Outstanding出色的；C. Regular常规的；D. Popular受欢迎的。根据下文“ “We’d be lost without you,” and “You’re the glue that keeps everything together.””可知，此处是夸赞工作做得好，应选褒义好评词汇，“出色的”符合语境。 3. 考查名词。句意：萨莉总是因这类工作受到表扬，但问题是尽管她能力出色，她的职业晋升却没有进步。A. belief信念；B. promise承诺；C. interpretation解读；D. problem问题。根据上文“Sally was always praised for this type of work”和表示转折的but可知，表扬很多但存在一些问题。 4. 考查动词。句意同上。A. advancing晋升，发展；B. cooperating合作；C. behaving表现；D. protesting抗议。根据后文“waited to be promoted”可知，她没有升职。 5. 考查动词。句意：每次她解决一个难题，她都等待升职。A. detected发现；B. described描述；C. solved解决；D. encountered遭遇。根据上文“Sally fixed the problem”可知，此处指解决问题。 6. 考查名词。句意：几个月过去了，几年过去了，晋升机会都给了萨莉的同事们。A. discussions讨论；B. salaries薪水；C. interviews面试；D. promotions晋升。根据上文“she waited to be promoted”可知，此处指别人得到晋升。 7. 考查动词。句意：当有人听到“可靠”这类词时，这些赞美就开始定义他们的职业身份。A. define定义；B. block阻碍；C. ruin毁掉；D. replace取代。根据上文“words like “dependable,” those compliments”可知，此处指形容词标签会定位一个人的职场身份。 8. 考查动词。句意：在企业内部，正是你的身份决定了工作如何被分配落实。A. completed完成；B. distributed分配；C. evaluated评估；D. simplified简化。根据下文“If you are often ____ with big ideas, leadership comes to mind. If you are the person who keeps everything ____ , moving you into a new role creates risk. ”可知，职场身份决定工作分工安排。 9. 考查动词。句意：如果你经常和宏大想法联系在一起，人们就会联想到领导力。A. impressed印象深刻；B. associated关联；C. compared比较；D. faced面对。根据下文“leadership comes to mind”可知，人们联想到领导力是因为“你”常常和宏大的想法联系在一起，be associated with是固定搭配，意为“与……相关联”。 10. 考查形容词。句意：如果你是那个维持一切正常运转的人，把你调到新岗位就会产生风险。A. functioning正常运转的；B. collapsing崩溃的；C. shifting转移的；D. emerging出现的。根据上文“You’re the glue that keeps everything together.”可知，此处指负责维持工作平稳运行的人。 11. 考查名词。句意：你的离开会造成岗位空缺。A. intervention干预；B. struggle挣扎；C. performance表现；D. absence缺席，离开。根据上文“moving you into a new role creates risk”可知，骨干一走岗位就有空缺。 12. 考查副词。句意：所以管理者往往无意之中，就让你留在原地不动。A. aimlessly漫无目的地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. exactly正好，恰恰；D. suddenly突然。结合上文萨莉的职场经历可知，虽然工作出色，但得不到晋升，即管理者无意中让你一直留在原来的岗位， exactly在此处表强调。 13. 考查名词。句意：表扬一直都有，但晋升机会却没有。A. negotiations谈判；B. comments评论；C. outcomes结果；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“The ____ went to Sally’s co-workers who were described as “visionary,” “strategic,” and “innovative.””可知，虽然一直被夸，但没有升职机会。 14. 考查动词。句意：像萨莉这样优秀的员工要思考如何改变别人对自己工作的评价方式，让自己具备晋升下一个岗位的条件。A. empty清空；B. remember记住；C. position使具备条件；D. forgive原谅。根据下文“them for the next level”可知，此处指具备晋升下个岗位的条件，position sb. for sth. 表示“使某人具备获得某物的条件”。 15. 考查形容词。句意：同时，企业也应该为最可靠的优秀员工搭建成长晋升通道。A. innovative创新的；B. reliable可靠的；C. strategic有策略的；D. insightful有远见的。根据上文““You’re the only one I trust to fix this.””和“When someone hears words like “dependable,””可知，此处指给可靠的优秀员工提供晋升的通道。 优题精练●专题实战通关 Passage 1 (2026届江西三九校联考高三联合质量检测英语试题)Vernacular architecture(乡土建筑), as a 1 of localized knowledge and environmental adaptation, exhibits remarkable diversity across global regions, with each strategy tailored to specific climatic, cultural, and material contexts. By 2 passive design techniques, vernacular structures optimize energy efficiency and occupant comfort, offering invaluable lessons for contemporary sustainable architecture. These strategies, deeply rooted in their respective climatic contexts, demonstrate a universal 3 of vernacular design: the integration of local environmental dynamics with culturally informed construction practices to achieve energy efficiency and resilience. In tropical zones, for instance, elevated floor plans and porous wall systems 4 cross-ventilation, effectively dissipating trapped heat without mechanical aid. In arid regions, thick earthen walls with narrow openings function as thermal mass, stabilizing indoor temperatures amid 5 diurnal fluctuations. Critics once dismissed vernacular methods as outdated and 6 with modern urban density, but recent research has 7 refuted this long-held assumption. A 2025 study from the Harvard Graduate School of Design reveals that adapted vernacular strategies can reduce building energy consumption by up to 40 percent in dense urban settings, 8 many high-tech sustainable solutions. The key lies in contextual sensitivity rather than rigid 9 : designers extract core climatic principles and recombine them with modern materials and structural engineering. This revival of vernacular wisdom marks a profound 10 in architectural discourse, moving beyond purely aesthetic trends toward environmentally rooted design. It challenges the notion that progress requires 11 tradition, instead framing heritage as a dynamic resource for addressing 21st-century climate challenges. 12 , as urbanization accelerates worldwide, embracing place-based design principles will prove 13 to creating resilient, low-carbon built environments for future generations. Ultimately, this approach 14 a core truth: sustainable architecture does not arise from 15 technological complexity alone, but from harmony with the natural world. 1. A. symptom B. symbol C. sample D. manifestation 2. A. dominating B. elevating C. leveraging D. generating 3. A. principle B. discipline C. formula D. hierarchy 4. A. accelerate B. facilitate C. accumulate D. calculate 5. A. ambiguous B. spontaneous C. simultaneous D. extreme 6. A. consistent B. compatible C. incompatible D. comparable 7. A. convincingly B. arbitrarily C. tentatively D. superficially 8. A. in line with B. in contrast to C. in place of D. superior to 9. A. regulation B. replication C. restriction D. recognition 10. A. peak B. barrier C. shift D. gap 11. A. preserving B. inheriting C. modifying D. abandoning 12. A. By contrast B. In turn C. At length D. On occasion 13. A. superficial B. arbitrary C. redundant D. indispensable 14. A. conceals B. violates C. reveals D. resolves 15. A. mere B. mutual C. marginal D. massive 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A 【语篇导读】文章探讨乡土建筑作为本地知识与环境适应的体现，通过被动式设计策略优化能源效率，为当代可持续建筑提供启示，并强调与自然和谐相处的重要性。 1. 考查名词。句意：乡土建筑作为本地知识和环境适应的一种体现，在全球各个地区表现出显著的多样性，每种策略都根据特定的气候、文化和材料背景量身定制。A. symptom症状；B. symbol象征；C. sample样本；D. manifestation体现，表现。根据上文“Vernacular architecture (乡土建筑)”以及下文“of localized knowledge and environmental adaptation”可推知，乡土建筑是本地知识和环境适应的“体现”。 2. 考查动词。句意：通过利用被动式设计技术，乡土建筑优化了能源效率和居住者的舒适度，为当代可持续建筑提供了宝贵的经验。A. dominating支配；B. elevating提升；C. leveraging利用；D. generating产生。根据上文“By”以及下文“passive design techniques”可推知，乡土建筑是“利用”被动式设计技术。 3. 考查名词。句意：这些策略深深植根于各自的气候背景，展示了乡土设计的一个普遍原则：将当地环境动态与文化影响的建造实践相结合，以实现能源效率和韧性。A. principle原则；B. discipline纪律；C. formula公式；D. hierarchy等级。根据下文“: the integration of local environmental dynamics with culturally informed construction practices to achieve energy efficiency and resilience”可知，这是乡土设计的“原则”。 4. 考查动词。句意：例如在热带地区，抬高的平面布局和多孔墙体系统促进了交叉通风，无需机械辅助即可有效驱散积聚的热量。A. accelerate加速；B. facilitate促进；C. accumulate积累；D. calculate计算。根据下文“cross-ventilation, effectively dissipating trapped heat without mechanical aid”可知，这些设计“促进”了交叉通风。 5. 考查形容词。句意：在干旱地区，厚土墙配窄窗作为热惰性体，在极端昼夜温差中稳定室内温度。A. ambiguous模糊的；B. spontaneous自发的；C. simultaneous同时的；D. extreme极端的。根据下文“diurnal fluctuations”以及干旱地区的气候特点可知，温差是“极端的”。 6. 考查形容词。句意：批评者曾认为乡土方法过时且与现代城市密度不相容，但最近的研究令人信服地反驳了这一长期存在的假设。A. consistent一致的；B. compatible兼容的；C. incompatible不相容的；D. comparable可比较的。根据上文“Critics once dismissed vernacular methods as outdated”以及下文“with modern urban density”可推知，批评者认为乡土方法过时了，与现代城市密度“不相容”。 7. 考查副词。句意：批评者曾认为乡土方法过时且与现代城市密度不相容，但最近的研究令人信服地反驳了这一长期存在的假设。A. convincingly令人信服地；B. arbitrarily武断地；C. tentatively暂时地；D. superficially表面地。根据下文“A 2025 study from the Harvard Graduate School of Design reveals that adapted vernacular strategies can reduce building energy consumption by up to 40 percent in dense urban settings”可知，研究结果“令人信服地”反驳了之前的观念。 8. 考查介词短语。句意：2025年哈佛设计研究生院的一项研究表明，在密集城市环境中应用乡土策略可降低建筑能耗高达40%，优于许多高科技可持续解决方案。A. in line with与……一致；B. in contrast to与……对比；C. in place of代替；D. superior to优于。根据上文“reduce building energy consumption by up to 40 percent”中数据可推知，乡土策略“优于”高科技方案。 9. 考查名词。句意：关键在于情境敏感性而非僵化的复制：设计师提取核心气候原则，并将其与现代材料和结构工程重新组合。A. regulation监管；B. replication复制；C. restriction限制；D. recognition认可。根据下文“designers extract core climatic principles and recombine them with modern materials and structural engineering”可知，不是简单“复制”而是重新组合。 10. 考查名词。句意：乡土智慧的复兴标志着建筑话语中的深刻转变，超越了纯粹的美学趋势，转向以环境为基础的设计。A. peak高峰；B. barrier障碍；C. shift转变；D. gap差距。根据下文“moving beyond purely aesthetic trends toward environmentally rooted design”可知，这是一种观念的“转变”。 11. 考查动词。句意：它挑战了进步需要抛弃传统的观念，而是将遗产视为应对21世纪气候挑战的动态资源。A. preserving保护；B. inheriting继承；C. modifying修改；D. abandoning抛弃。根据上文“It challenges the notion that progress requires”以及下文“instead framing heritage as a dynamic resource”可知，进步不需要“抛弃”传统。 12. 考查介词短语。句意：相应地，随着全球城市化加速，采纳基于地方的设计原则对于为后代创造有韧性的低碳建筑环境将是不可或缺的。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In turn相应地，转而；C. At length最终；D. On occasion偶尔。上文讨论复兴乡土智慧的意义，下文是随之而来的结果，用“In turn”表示承接。 13. 考查形容词。句意：相应地，随着全球城市化加速，采纳基于地方的设计原则对于为后代创造有韧性的低碳建筑环境将是不可或缺的。A. superficial肤浅的；B. arbitrary武断的；C. redundant多余的；D. indispensable不可或缺的。根据上文“embracing place-based design principles will prove”以及下文“to creating resilient, low-carbon built environments for future generations”可知，这种原则是“不可或缺的”。 14. 考查动词。句意：最终，这种方法揭示了一个核心真理：可持续建筑不仅仅源于单纯的技术复杂性，而是源于与自然世界的和谐。A. conceals隐藏；B. violates违反；C. reveals揭示；D. resolves解决。根据下文“sustainable architecture does not arise from ____ technological complexity alone, but from harmony with the natural world.”可知，这种方法“揭示”了这一真理。 15. 考查形容词。句意：最终，这种方法揭示了一个核心真理：可持续建筑不仅仅源于单纯的技术复杂性，而是源于与自然世界的和谐。A. mere仅仅的，单单的；B. mutual相互的；C. marginal边缘的；D. massive巨大的。根据下文“technological complexity alone”可知，此处强调单单技术复杂是不够的，可持续建筑并非仅仅依靠繁复的技术，而是源于与自然的和谐共处。 Passage 2 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测9英语试题)Most of us are bad at predicting what will make us happy, including the world’s best athletes. Four years ago, Swiss skier Mathilde Gremaud won gold at just 22 at the Beijing Winter Olympics. But within a month, her joy had 1 . “There’s nothing left,” she said. “It was super 2 .” Gremaud is far from an isolated case. Researchers have found that a significant number of Olympians 3 from a phenomenon called the post-Olympic blues — a(n) 4 crash following the Games. For decades, scientists have sought to 5 why this happens. The answer starts with a simple but 6 fact: people are really bad at predicting what will make them happy. One of the main reasons for this is a cognitive 7 known as “focalism” — the tendency to focus 8 on big, life-changing events while 9 all the smaller, everyday aspects of life. When we imagine happiness, we tend to think of 10 moments: a championship, a promotion, a dream vacation. But here is what researchers have actually discovered: how good your experiences are doesn’t 11 nearly as much as how many good experiences you have. The 12 of small, positive moments is a far better 13 of overall happiness than the intensity of a single great event. 14 , happiness is not one big victory. It is the 15 of hundreds of small things. 1. A. disappeared B. multiplied C. lessened D. collapsed 2. A. tiring B. empty C. lonely D. meaningless 3. A. escape B. recover C. benefit D. suffer 4. A. emotional B. physical C. sudden D. financial 5. A. carry out B. point out C. figure out D. rule out 6. A. apparent B. surprising C. remarkable D. well-known 7. A. bias B. ability C. error D. blindness 8. A. narrowly B. broadly C. briefly D. casually 9. A. balancing B. remembering C. ignoring D. overvaluing 10. A. memorable B. intense C. rare D. daily 11. A. differ B. matter C. improve D. bother 12. A. duration B. quality C. frequency D. variety 13. A. result B. cause C. reminder D. predictor 14. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Obviously D. Actually 15. A. mixture B. outcome C. sum D. achievement 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. C 【语篇导读】文章讲述了人们很难预判什么能带来快乐，以冬奥冠军赛后陷入情绪低谷为例，介绍了后奥运忧郁症，借助聚焦偏差分析成因，点明幸福感源于日常点滴美好，而非单次重大时刻。 1. 考查动词。句意：但不到一个月，她的喜悦感就消失了。A. disappeared消失；B. multiplied增加；C. lessened消退；D. collapsed崩溃。根据下文“There’s nothing left”可知，此处是指喜悦之情消失。 2. 考查形容词。句意：这种感觉极度空虚。A. tiring累人的；B. empty空虚的；C. lonely孤独的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据上文“There’s nothing left”可知，此处是指心里空空的。 3. 考查动词。句意：研究者已发现，大量奥运选手遭受一种叫“后奥运忧郁症”的现象困扰——这是赛事过后的情绪低谷。A. escape逃离；B. recover恢复；C. benefit受益；D. suffer遭受。根据下文“the post-Olympic blues”及“crash following the Games”可知，选手遭受这种负面状况，suffer from是固定搭配。 4. 考查形容词。句意：同上。A. emotional情绪的；B. physical身体的；C. sudden突然的；D. financial经济的。根据上文“post-Olympic blues”可知，忧郁是情绪方面的问题。 5. 考查动词短语。句意：几十年来，科学家一直试图弄明白这种现象出现的原因。A. carry out执行；B. point out指出；C. figure out弄明白；D. rule out排除。根据下文“why this happens”及“answer”可知，此处是指弄清楚成因。 6. 考查形容词。句意：答案始于一个简单却令人吃惊的事实：人们真的不擅长预判什么能让自己快乐。A. apparent明显的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. remarkable非凡的；D. well-known众所周知的。根据上文“simple but”可知，but表转折，与简单形成反差的是令人惊讶的。 7. 考查名词。句意：其中一个主要原因是一种被称为“聚焦偏差”的认知偏见——它往往会让人们狭隘地关注改变人生的重大事件，而忽略生活里所有更细碎、日常的方面。A. bias偏差；B. ability能力；C. error错误；D. blindness盲目。根据下文“Focalism”及“the tendency to focus ____ on big, life-changing events while ____ all the smaller, everyday aspects of life”可知，这是一种认知偏差。 8. 考查副词。句意：同上。A. narrowly狭隘地；B. broadly广泛地；C. briefly短暂地；D. casually随意地。根据上文“Focalism”及下文“big, life-changing events while ____ all the smaller, everyday aspects of life”可知，该偏差使人目光局限在大事上。 9. 考查动词。句意：同上。A. balancing平衡；B. remembering记得；C. ignoring忽略；D. overvaluing高估。根据上文“focus ____ on big, life-changing events”及“while”可知，此处是指忽视日常小事。 10. 考查形容词。句意：当我们想象幸福时，往往会想到强烈的高光时刻：夺冠、升职、梦想中的度假旅行。A. memorable难忘的；B. intense强烈的；C. rare稀有的；D. daily日常的。根据下文“intensity of a single great event”可知，这些时刻情绪体验强烈。 11. 考查动词。句意：但研究者实际发现：经历本身有多美好，远不如你拥有美好经历的频次重要。A. differ不同；B. matter重要；C. improve改善；D. bother困扰。根据下文“a far better ____ of overall happiness”可知，此处是指重要。 12. 考查名词。句意：细碎积极瞬间的出现频次，比单次重大事件的强烈程度更能预测整体幸福感。A. duration时长；B. quality质量；C. frequency频次；D. variety多样。根据上文“how many good experiences you have”及下文“than the intensity of a single great event.”可知，此处是指频率。 13. 考查名词。句意：同上。A. result结果；B. cause原因；C. reminder提醒；D. predictor指标。根据上文“people are really bad at predicting what will make them happy”可知，频次可以预判幸福感。 14. 考查副词。句意：事实上，幸福不是一场盛大的胜利。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Similarly相似地；C. Obviously显然地；D. Actually事实上。根据上文“here is what researchers have actually discovered”、“than the intensity of a single great event”及下文“happiness is not one big victory.”可知，此处用Actually重申并强化研究结论。 15. 考查名词。句意：幸福是数百件小事累积的总和。A. mixture混合；B. outcome结果；C. sum总和；D. achievement成就。根据上文“small, positive moments”及“not one big victory”可知，幸福由无数小事累积而成。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年河南省叶县高级中学高三期末6月英语考试)As a psychology professor, I’ve studied the happiness curve for years. But looking at the 1 faces in my classroom, I felt my research wasn’t helping. Young adults increasingly report lower levels of 2 than middle-aged and older adults. One day, I tried something 3 . I asked my class: “Do you think the students around you are 4 ?” Most hands went up. Then I asked: “Do you think others see you as cold too?” Nearly every hand 5 . Then I showed them our survey results: 92% of those surveyed wanted deeper 6 , and 85% were ready to help a classmate in need. The room went quiet. The results had surprised them. A girl whispered, “But Professor, everyone wears headphones and always looks 7 .” “We usually 8 how friendly and kind we all are,” I explained So we 9 the Connection Project. We put posters up in dormitories and also 10 students to take chances on each other. Mark, a silent freshman, dined with three unfamiliar 11 . Soon they became a learning circle. “We weren’t really enjoying being alone — we were just too 12 to reach out,” Mark told us. Six months later participants reported 30% higher happiness and, 13 , four new friends. On the last day of my course, I closed my notebook and said, “Happiness isn’t a fruit you enjoy 14 , but a garden we grow together. We must jump into the social waters, even when staying on 15 is safer.” 1. A. excited B. blank C. angry D. smiling 2. A. anxiety B. pressure C. education D. happiness 3. A. fun B. different C. easy D. risky 4. A. cruel B. proud C. unfriendly D. smart 5. A. stayed up B. reached out C. pulled back D. went down 6. A. investigations B. connections C. thoughts D. learning 7. A. tired B. concerned C. busy D. alert 8. A. highlight B. wonder C. appreciate D. underestimate 9. A. supported B. modified C. designed D. launched 10. A. forced B. allowed C. encouraged D. challenged 11. A. volunteers B. professors C. classmates D. relatives 12. A. shy B. lazy C. modest D. polite 13. A. for instance B. in total C. as usual D. on average 14. A. alone B. most C. secretly D. freely 15. A. stage B. shore C. site D. campus 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B 【语篇导读】文章主要讲述了心理学教授发现青年普遍低估他人善意，彼此心存隔阂。校方开展社交联结活动，鼓励学生主动交往。参与后大家幸福感显著提升，也领悟到了幸福需要主动相处、携手共创。 1. 考查形容词。句意：但看着教室里茫然的脸庞，我发觉自己的研究收效甚微。A. excited兴奋的；B. blank茫然的；C. angry生气的；D. smiling微笑的。后文“Young adults increasingly report lower levels of ____ than middle-aged and older adults.”提及年轻人幸福感偏低，神情低落茫然。 2. 考查名词。句意：年轻人自述的幸福感越来越低于中老年人。A. anxiety焦虑；B. pressure压力；C. education教育；D. happiness幸福。根据上文“As a psychology professor, I’ve studied the happiness curve for years.”可知，开篇点明研究幸福曲线，说明是年轻人自述的幸福感越来越低于中老年人。 3. 考查形容词。句意：某天我尝试了别样的做法。A. fun有趣的；B. different不同的；C. easy简单的；D. risky冒险的。根据后文“Do you think the students around you are”可知，作者一改常规研究方式，开展课堂提问。 4. 考查形容词。句意：你们觉得身边同学待人不友善吗？A. cruel残忍的；B. proud骄傲的；C. unfriendly不友善的；D. smart聪明的。根据下文“Do you think others see you as cold too?”可推知，此处指课堂提问的是身边同学是否不友善，此处考查词义应与下文的cold相似。 5. 考查动词短语。句意：几乎每个人的双手都高高举起。A. stayed up保持原位，熬夜；B. reached out伸出；C. pulled back撤回；D. went down降下。根据上文“Young adults increasingly report lower levels of ____ than middle-aged and older adults.”提到年轻人自述的幸福感越来越低于中老年人，说明大家觉得别人也认为自己很冷漠，所以大家还是举着手。 6. 考查名词。句意：然后我向他们展示了我们的调查结果：接受调查的92%的人希望建立更紧密的联系，而85%的人愿意在同学有需要时伸出援手。A. investigations调查；B. connections联系；C. thoughts想法；D. learning学习。根据后文“85% were ready to help a classmate in need.”以及文章围绕人际交往展开，推测接受调查的92%的人希望建立更紧密的联系。 7. 考查形容词。句意：一个女孩小声说道：“但是教授，大家都戴着耳机，而且总是看起来很忙碌。”A. tired疲惫的；B. concerned担忧的；C. busy忙碌的；D. alert警觉的。根据上文“everyone wears headphones”可知，戴耳机呈现出无暇交流的状态。 8. 考查动词。句意：我们往往低估了彼此的友善与热心。A. highlight强调；B. wonder疑惑；C. appreciate感激；D. underestimate低估。根据上文“The results had surprised them.”可知，人们误解彼此态度，低估善意。 9. 考查动词。句意：于是我们发起联结项目。A. supported支持；B. modified修改；C. designed设计；D. launched发起。根据后文“the Connection Project”可知，此处指发起联结项目，开创活动项目常用launch。 10. 考查动词。句意：我们在宿舍里张贴了海报，并且还鼓励学生们相互信任、相互支持。A. forced逼迫；B. allowed允许；C. encouraged鼓励；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“students to take chances on each other”可知，贴海报是为了倡导大家主动交往。 11. 考查名词。句意：马克是一名沉默寡言的大一新生，他与三位陌生的同学一起用餐。A. volunteers志愿者；B. professors教授；C. classmates同学；D. relatives亲属。根据上文“students to take chances on each other”可知，校园场景交往对象为同学。 12. 考查形容词。句意：我们并非享受独处，只是怯于主动靠近。A. shy腼腆的；B. lazy懒惰的；C. modest谦逊的；D. polite礼貌的。根据上文“We weren’t really enjoying being alone”可知，不敢主动交流是性格羞怯所致。 13. 考查短语。句意：六个月后参与者幸福感平均提升三成，人均收获四位新朋友。A. for instance例如；B. in total总共；C. as usual照例；D. on average平均。根据上文“Six months later participants reported 30% higher happiness and”可知，此处指统计整体人均数据。 14. 考查副词。句意：在我课程的最后一天，我合上笔记本说道：“幸福不是你独自享用的果实，而是一个我们共同培育的花园。”A. alone独自地；B. most大多；C. secretly隐秘地；D. freely自由地。和后文“but a garden we grow together”共同成长形成对比，指独自享用果实。 15. 考查名词。句意：即便停留在岸边更安稳，我们也要主动踏入社交洪流。A. stage舞台；B. shore岸边；C. site地点；D. campus校园。根据上文“We must jump into the social waters”可知，此处用水岸比喻封闭自我的状态。 Passage 4 (2026届河南信阳高级中学北湖校区高三考前模拟预测英语试题)We see different natural phenomena around us every day, but few of us really understand why they 1 . From rainbows in the sky to seasons changing, most natural phenomena are based on basic scientific 2 . Learning about them not only helps us know the world better but also makes our life more 3 . A rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. It appears when sunlight passes through small water 4 in the air, usually after rain. The light splits into different 5 , making a colorful arc in the sky. Many people think rainbows can only be seen after rain, but in fact, they can also appear near waterfalls or on sunny days with heavy mist. Seasonal changes are another common phenomenon. The four seasons happen because the earth 6 around the sun. When part of the earth is closer to the sun, it is summer; when it is 7 away, it is winter. This change also 8 the growth of plants and the activities of animals, forming a balanced natural cycle. Many people are afraid of thunder and lightning, but they are also normal natural phenomena. Lightning is caused by the movement of electric charges in clouds, and thunder is the 9 made by lightning heating the air. We should stay away from open places and tall trees during thunderstorms to keep 10 . Some other small phenomena, like water turning into ice in winter or leaves falling in autumn, are also 11 by scientific rules. We often take them for granted, but if we 12 carefully, we can find science everywhere in our life. Understanding natural phenomena teaches us to be curious and 13 the world. It helps us tell the difference between science and superstition, and makes us think more 14 . We should keep observing and learning to 15 the secrets of nature and science. 1. A. disappear B. happen C. die D. end 2. A. rules B. stories C. dreams D. mistakes 3. A. meaningless B. interesting C. boring D. tiring 4. A. stones B. drops C. trees D. hills 5. A. parts B. sizes C. shapes D. colors 6. A. turns B. runs C. travels D. moves 7. A. farther B. closer C. higher D. lower 8. A. stops B. influences C. harms D. destroys 9. A. light B. sound C. smell D. taste 10. A. safe B. dangerous C. warm D. cold 11. A. controlled B. broken C. stopped D. made 12. A. ignore B. observe C. forget D. hate 13. A. fear B. respect C. damage D. change 14. A. blindly B. wisely C. angrily D. sadly 15. A. discover B. hide C. cover D. lose 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 【语篇导读】主要介绍了一些常见自然现象背后的科学原理，如彩虹、季节变化、雷电等，强调了解这些现象不仅能让我们更好地认识世界，还能让生活更有趣，鼓励我们保持观察和学习，去发现自然与科学的秘密。 1. 考查动词。句意：我们每天都能看到周围不同的自然现象，但很少有人真正理解它们为什么会发生。A. disappear消失；B. happen发生；C. die死亡；D. end结束。根据前文“but few of us really understand”以及后文“From rainbows in the sky to seasons changing”可知，这里说的是人们不理解自然现象发生的原因。 2. 考查名词。句意：从天空中的彩虹到季节的变化，大多数自然现象都基于基本的科学规律。A. rules规律；B. stories故事；C. dreams梦想；D. mistakes错误。根据常识以及后文（倒数第二段）“scientific rules”可知，自然现象基于科学规律。 3. 考查形容词。句意：了解它们不仅能帮助我们更好地了解世界，还能让我们的生活更有趣。A. meaningless无意义的；B. interesting有趣的；C. boring无聊的；D. tiring累人的。根据前文“not only helps us know the world better”可知，了解自然现象背后的科学知识会让生活更有趣。 4. 考查名词。句意：当阳光穿过空气中的小水滴时，彩虹就会出现，通常是在雨后。A. stones石头；B. drops水滴；C. trees树；D. hills小山。根据后文“usually after rain.”可知，彩虹形成与空气中的小水滴有关。 5. 考查名词。句意：光线分裂成不同的颜色，在天空中形成一道彩色的弧线。A. parts部分；B. sizes尺寸；C. shapes形状；D. colors颜色。根据后文“making a colorful arc”可知，彩虹呈现出不同颜色，是因为光分裂成不同颜色。 6. 考查动词。句意：四季的形成是因为地球围绕太阳转动。A. turns转动（常指自身转动）；B. runs跑；C. travels旅行；D. moves移动，根据常识可知，地球绕太阳公转。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：当地球的一部分离太阳更近时，就是夏天；当它离得更远时，就是冬天。A. farther更远；B. closer更近；C. higher更高；D. lower更低。与前面“closer to the sun”相对，这里指离太阳更远是冬天。 8. 考查动词。句意：这种变化也影响植物的生长和动物的活动，形成一个平衡的自然循环。A. stops停止；B. influences影响；C. harms伤害；D. destroys破坏。根据后文“the growth of plants and the activities of animals, forming a balanced natural cycle.”可知，季节变化对动植物有影响，从而形成自然循环。 9. 考查名词。句意：闪电是由云层中电荷的移动引起的，而雷声是闪电加热空气产生的声音。A. light光；B. sound声音；C. smell气味；D. taste味道。根据前文“thunder”以及常识可知，雷声是一种声音。 10. 考查形容词。句意：在雷雨中，我们应该远离开阔的地方和高大的树木以确保安全。A. safe安全的；B. dangerous危险的；C. warm温暖的；D. cold寒冷的。根据前文“We should stay away from open places and tall trees during thunderstorms”可知，远离这些地方是为了保证安全。 11. 考查动词。句意：其他一些小现象，比如冬天水结冰或秋天树叶掉落，也受科学规律的控制。A. controlled控制；B. broken打破；C. stopped停止；D. made制作。根据后文“by scientific rules.”可知，这些自然现象受科学规律控制。 12. 考查动词。句意：我们常常认为它们是理所当然的，但如果我们仔细观察，就能在生活中处处发现科学。A. ignore忽视；B. observe观察；C. forget忘记；D. hate讨厌。根据后文“we can find science everywhere in our life.”可知，仔细观察才能发现生活中的科学。 13. 考查动词。句意：了解自然现象教会我们保持好奇并尊重世界。A. fear害怕；B. respect尊重；C. damage破坏；D. change改变。根据前文“Understanding natural phenomena teaches us to be curious”可知，了解自然现象让我们尊重世界。 14. 考查副词。句意：它帮助我们区分科学与迷信，让我们更明智地思考。A. blindly盲目地；B. wisely明智地；C. angrily生气地；D. sadly悲伤地。根据前文“It helps us tell the difference between science and superstition”可知，了解自然现象能让人明智思考。 15. 考查动词。句意：我们应该持续观察和学习，去发现自然与科学的秘密。A. discover发现；B. hide隐藏；C. cover覆盖；D. lose失去。根据前文“We should keep observing and learning”可知，观察学习是为了发现自然和科学的秘密。 Passage 5 (2026届湖南部分学校高三下学期一模英语试题)A new year has arrived. It’s a fresh 1 . You wake up determined to finally tackle that 2 challenge on your mind — whether it’s fighting climate change, 3 wild animals, or helping your community. But soon, 4 begin to whisper: “Where should I begin? And if I try, will it really make a 5 ?” Take climate change for example. Even top scientists find it 6 to solve. And here you are, just trying to remember to 7 your own shopping bags to the supermarket. Still, there is one small creature that might 8 us: the honeybee. Marianne Gee, a beekeeper from Canada, says bees teach us something important — that small 9 can lead to big changes. According to Gee, “a bee in her lifetime makes only 1/12th of a teaspoon of honey” — a tiny amount 10 the vast quantity of honey that a typical colony(蜂群) needs to survive. “The most 11 thing isn’t that she does the work; it’s that she doesn’t even do it for herself,” she adds. A bee won’t directly 12 from the honey she makes; instead, it will allow future generations to live and grow after she is gone. In the same way, we can change the 13 — not by focusing on how much we contribute, but by 14 our efforts to those of others. So 15 making honey. Your 1/12th of a teaspoon counts. 1. A. idea B. start C. greeting D. look 2. A. common B. small C. familiar D. big 3. A. protecting B. watching C. finding D. raising 4. A. beliefs B. arguments C. regrets D. doubts 5. A. promise B. mistake C. difference D. decision 6. A. possible B. hard C. unfit D. urgent 7. A. leave B. give C. bring D. send 8. A. inspire B. help C. amaze D. remind 9. A. actions B. wishes C. strategies D. movements 10. A. separated from B. coming from C. compared to D. connecting with 11. A. enjoyable B. remarkable C. reliable D. believable 12. A. distinguish B. suffer C. learn D. benefit 13. A. situation B. world C. rules D. purpose 14. A. passing B. showing C. introducing D. adding 15. A. consider B. imagine C. keep D. practice 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C 【语篇导读】新年伊始人们立志迎接挑战，却常心生畏疑。蜜蜂诠释微小行动亦可汇聚大力量，个人点滴付出凝聚合力，便能切实改变现状。 1. 考查名词。句意：这是一个全新的开端。A. idea想法；B. start开端；C. greeting问候；D. look模样。结合上文“A new year has arrived.”可知，新年到来代表全新开端。 2. 考查形容词。句意：你醒来时心中满怀决心，要最终去应对脑海中那项“重大挑战”——无论是对抗气候变化、保护野生动物，还是为你的社区做贡献。A. common普通的；B. small微小的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. big重大的。后文“whether it’s fighting climate change, wild animals, or helping your community.”列举宏大难题，对应重大挑战。 3. 考查动词。句意：你醒来时心中满怀决心，要最终去应对脑海中那项“重大挑战”——无论是对抗气候变化、保护野生动物，还是为你的社区做贡献。A. protecting保护；B. watching观看；C. finding找寻；D. raising饲养。根据上文“whether it’s fighting climate change”可知为环保相关语境，保护野生动物。 4. 考查名词。句意：但很快，一些疑虑便悄然低语道：“我该从何处开始呢？”A. beliefs信念；B. arguments争论；C. regrets遗憾；D. doubts疑惑。后文“Where should I begin?”提出疑问，对应内心疑虑。 5. 考查名词。句意：“那么，如果我尝试去做的话，真的会有不同吗？”A. promise承诺；B. mistake错误；C. difference影响；D. decision决定。根据上文“And if I try, will it really make a”可知，对于尝试是否产生影响产生怀疑。make difference表示“产生影响”。 6. 考查形容词。句意：就连顶尖科学家也发现这个问题很难解决。A. possible可能的；B. hard困难的；C. unfit不合适的；D. urgent紧急的。根据上文“Take climate change for example. Even top scientists find it”指难题难以攻克。 7. 考查动词。句意：而此刻你正努力想着要带上自己的购物袋去超市呢。A. leave遗留；B. give给予；C. bring携带；D. send寄送。根据后文“your own shopping bags to the supermarket”可知，环保需要自带购物袋出行。 8. 考查动词。句意：不过，有一种小小的生物或许能给我们带来启发：那就是蜜蜂。A. inspire启发；B. help帮助；C. amaze使惊奇；D. remind提醒。根据后文“In the same way, we can change the ____ — not by focusing on how much we contribute, but by our efforts to those of others.”可知，蜜蜂事例带来人生感悟。 9. 考查名词。句意：来自加拿大的养蜂人玛丽安娜·吉埃表示，蜜蜂教会了我们一个重要的道理——小小的行动能够带来巨大的改变。A. actions行动；B. wishes愿望；C. strategies策略；D. movements活动。根据后文“can lead to big changes”可知，日常点滴举动汇聚大变化。 10. 考查介词短语。句意：根据吉的说法，“一只蜜蜂在其一生中只能酿造出不足一茶匙的蜂蜜”——与一个普通蜂群所需的大量蜂蜜相比，这一数量简直是微不足道的。A. separated from分离；B. coming from源自；C. compared to对比；D. connecting with关联。根据后文“the vast quantity of honey that a typical colony needs to survive”可知，将个体产蜜量与整体需求作对比。 11. 考查形容词。句意：“最令人惊叹的并非是她完成了这项工作；而是她根本不是为自己而做这件事。”她补充道。A. enjoyable愉悦的；B. remarkable显著不凡的；C. reliable可靠的；D. believable可信的。根据后文“she does the work; it’s that she doesn’t even do it for herself,” she adds”可知，蜜蜂无私的特质格外突出。 12. 考查动词。句意：蜜蜂自身并不会直接从它所酿造的蜂蜜中获益；相反，它的存在能让后代得以生存和成长，而它自己则会随时间消逝。A. distinguish区分；B. suffer遭受；C. learn学习；D. benefit获益。根据后文“instead, it will allow future generations to live and grow after she is gone”可知，蜜蜂无法从中为自己获利。 13. 考查名词。句意：同样地，我们也能改变这个世界——不是通过强调自己所做出的贡献有多大，而是通过将自己的努力与他人的努力相结合。A. situation现状；B. world世界；C. rules规则；D. purpose目标。根据后文“not by focusing on how much we contribute”以及“our efforts to those of others”可知，个人的努力与他人的努力结合可以改变世界。 14. 考查动词。句意：同样地，我们也能改变这个世界——不是通过强调自己所做出的贡献有多大，而是通过将自己的努力与他人的努力相结合。A. passing传递；B. showing展示；C. introducing介绍；D. adding叠加。根据后文“our efforts to those of others”可知，个人努力叠加汇聚合力。 15. 考查动词。句意：所以继续酿造蜂蜜吧。A. consider思考；B. imagine设想；C. keep坚持；D. practice践行。根据后文“making honey”指坚持点滴付出，契合文章主旨。 Passage 6 (2025-2026学年度辽宁重点高中下学期高三三模考试英语试题)It’s picking season at Christian Nachtwey’s orchard(果园) in Germany. Workers are loading their cars with 1 apples, which will be delivered to supermarkets all over Europe. But Nachtwey’s orchard is not a 2 farm; Many of the apple trees grow beneath solar panels that have been producing 3 during this year’s unusually sun-rich summer, while providing the fruit below with much-needed 4 . Setting up solar panels above farmland is becoming increasingly 5 in Europe and North America, as farmers 6 to make the most of their land and get a second source of income. “Getting the right mix of crops and solar panels is 7 though, because modern fruit varieties need 8 growing conditions,” Nachtwey says. “Any 9 can disturb the balance and lead to the wrong color or taste that consumers 10 .” That’s why Nachtwey is 11 with researchers to test which apple varieties grow well under the solar panels. To 12 the results, researchers say that they need at least two to three full years to record all the weather conditions that might occur. “We hope that the 13 will tell us which fruit tree grows well under solar panels. This could help prevent renewable energy production from 14 for precious land with agriculture. It is a growing concern for those trying to 15 rising costs and climate change,” says Juergen Zimmer, one of the experts who are working with Nachtwey. 1. A. damaged B. ripe C. salty D. processed 2. A. profitable B. new C. conventional D. big 3. A. electricity B. fruit C. wine D. rice 4. A. light B. water C. wind D. shade 5. A. popular B. competitive C. costly D. easy 6. A. hesitate B. refuse C. seek D. claim 7. A. beneficial B. convenient C. harmful D. hard 8. A. particular B. adjusted C. traditional D. unknown 9. A. people B. change C. crop D. delay 10. A. pay B. dislike C. prefer D. need 11. A. arguing B. living C. collaborating D. joking 12. A. ignore B. mix C. accept D. compare 13. A. devices B. tests C. experts D. authorities 14. A. competing B. looking C. standing D. longing 15. A. give way to B. concentrate on C. deal with D. take care of 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍欧美农地光伏与果树种植结合的新模式，兼顾发电增收与农业生产，但仍需长期试验适配品种。 1. 考查形容词。句意：工人们正把成熟的苹果装满汽车，这些苹果将被运往欧洲各地的超市。A. damaged受损的；B. ripe成熟的；C. salty咸的；D. processed加工过的。根据前文“It’s picking season at Christian Nachtwey’s orchard”可知，采摘季节收获的是已经成熟的苹果。 2. 考查形容词。句意：但纳赫特韦的果园并不是一座传统农场。A. profitable盈利的；B. new新的；C. conventional传统的；D. big大型的。根据后文“Many of the apple trees grow beneath solar panels”可知，果树上方架设太阳能板，模式特殊，不属于普通传统农场。 3. 考查名词。句意：许多苹果树生长在太阳能板下方，这些太阳能板在今年日照格外充足的夏季一直发电。A. electricity电力；B. fruit水果；C. wine葡萄酒；D. rice大米。根据前文“solar panels”可知，太阳能板的功能是吸收光能产生电力。 4. 考查名词。句意：同时为下方的果树提供急需的阴凉遮蔽。A. light光线；B. water水分；C. wind风；D. shade阴凉。根据前文“grow beneath solar panels”可知，太阳能板遮挡阳光，能给果树形成阴凉环境。 5. 考查形容词。句意：在农田上方架设太阳能板在欧美正变得越来越流行。A. popular流行的；B. competitive有竞争力的；C. costly昂贵的；D. easy容易的。根据后文“farmers ______ to make the most of their land and get a second source of income”可知，这种模式能提高土地利用率、增加收入，因此越来越受欢迎。 6. 考查动词。句意：因为农民力求充分利用土地，获得第二份收入来源。A. hesitate犹豫；B. refuse拒绝；C. seek力求，寻求；D. claim声称。根据前文“Setting up solar panels above farmland is becoming increasingly ______ in Europe and North America”可知，农民主动寻求这种新模式，最大化利用土地并增收。 7. 考查形容词。句意：不过，合理搭配农作物和太阳能板却是一件难事。A. beneficial有益的；B. convenient方便的；C. harmful有害的；D. hard困难的。根据后文“Any ______ can disturb the balance and lead to the wrong color or taste”可知，搭配不当会破坏生长平衡，想要配比合适并不容易。 8. 考查形容词。句意：因为现代水果品种有着特定的生长条件要求。A. particular特定的；B. adjusted调整过的；C. traditional传统的；D. unknown未知的。根据后文“disturb the balance and lead to the wrong color or taste”可知，果树对生长环境有特定要求，环境稍有变动就会影响果实品质。 9. 考查名词。句意：任何一点变动都会打破这种平衡，导致果实色泽和口感变差。A. people人们；B. change变动，变化；C. crop农作物；D. delay延误。根据前文“because modern fruit varieties need ______ growing conditions”可知，现代水果对生长环境要求特定要求，由此猜测，生长环境一旦发生变动，就会破坏原有生长平衡。 10. 考查动词。句意：导致出现消费者不喜欢的色泽或口感。A. pay支付；B. dislike不喜欢；C. prefer偏爱；D. need需要。根据前文“disturb the balance”可知，平衡被破坏后果实品质下降，形成消费者不喜欢的品相和味道。 11. 考查动词。句意：这就是纳赫特韦与研究人员合作，测试哪些苹果品种适合在太阳能板下生长的原因。A. arguing争论；B. living居住；C. collaborating合作；D. joking开玩笑。根据后文“test which apple varieties grow well under the solar panels”可知，农场主和科研人员一起合作开展品种试验。 12. 考查动词。句意：为了对比试验结果，研究人员表示至少需要两到三年完整周期，记录所有可能出现的天气状况。A. ignore忽视；B. mix混合；C. accept接受；D. compare对比。根据后文“researchers say that they need at least two to three full years to record all the weather conditions that might occur.”可知，长期记录数据是为了对比不同年份、不同环境下的生长结果。 13. 考查名词。句意：我们希望这些测试能告诉我们哪些果树适合在太阳能板下生长。A. devices设备；B. tests测试；C. experts专家；D. authorities权威机构。根据前文“test which apple varieties grow well under the solar panels”可知，依靠这些试验测试得出适配品种的结论。 14. 考查动词。句意：这有助于避免可再生能源生产与农业争夺宝贵土地资源。A. competing竞争；B. looking看；C. standing站立；D. longing渴望。根据后文“precious land with agriculture”可知，农光互补模式可以避免发电项目和农业相互争抢土地。 15. 考查动词短语。句意：对于那些努力应对成本上涨和气候变化的人来说，这是一个日益受关注的问题。A. give way to让步；B. concentrate on专注于；C. deal with应对，处理；D. take care of照顾。根据后文“rising costs and climate change”可知，人们需要想办法应对成本上涨与气候变化带来的压力。 4 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $