专题04 完形填空之议论文（全国通用）（知识清单）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦完形填空之议论文专题，涵盖议论文特点（论点、论据、论证）、解题技巧（把握主旨、作者观点、结合论点论据、通篇阅读）及优题精练三大模块，通过知识脑图搭建核心脉络，考点深研分层突破重难点。 清单以知识脑图梳理议论文框架，考点部分结合例题解析四大解题技巧，如技巧1通过首段首句把握主旨的实例分析，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。优题精练精选6篇高考模拟试题，标注高频考点与解题思路，助力学生自主复习，教师可据此精准指导，提升备考效率。

清单04 完形填空之议论文 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 特点 1. 论点(提出问题) 2. 论据(分析问题) 3. 论证(解决问题) 考点二 解题技巧 技巧1. 把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 技巧2. 把握作者的观点和态度 技巧3. 结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 技巧4. 通篇阅读，围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章，主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。议论文都是由论点、论据和论证这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的过程。 它的语言自然、客观、抽象、概括。 技巧1. 把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 We all have weaknesses and strengths — no matter who we are. Sometimes the weaknesses seem to outweigh the strengths and sometimes it’s the other way around. Some people get sick easily. Some struggle to 1 their finances properly. Some people are 2 communicators and struggle with relationships. Many people accept it as just bad 3 — but not everyone. Some people facing huge 4 still manage to achieve surprising things. They 5 above their weaknesses and do not allow them to limit their possibilities. I attended a school prize-giving ceremony not so long ago and the guest 6 was Andrew Becroft, who had a severe stutter (口吃) as a child. Instead of allowing this to limit him, he chose to work hard to 7 it. He is now the Principal Youth Court Judge for New Zealand. Not only did he become successful, but he did so in a(n) 8 where he had to speak in front of others regularly — where his 9 is front and center for all to see. If he hadn’t 10 his speaking ability, it would have been very limiting to his life and career 11 . Here are some more 12 : Brett Eastburn has no arms or legs and yet is an inspirational speaker and also a very good wrestler. Ringo Starr, drummer for the Beatles, 13 a very poor background. He was constantly troubled by illness as a child and spent large amounts of time in hospital. Mark Inglis 14 both of his legs below the knees in a mountaineering accident, but has since climbed Mt Everest. Most of us will never have to face the challenges these people faced. Yet most of us will never achieve 15 that these people have had either, unless we choose to. If Mark Inglis can climb the highest mountain in the world without legs, what can we do? 1. A. manage B. obtain C. share D. divide 2. A. ridiculous B. forgetful C. useless D. hopeless 3. A. impression B. character C. quality D. fortune 4. A. criticism B. pressure C. limitations D. losses 5. A. rise B. behave C. operate D. escape 6. A. winner B. speaker C. organizer D. scholar 7. A. avoid B. treat C. forget D. overcome 8. A. atmosphere B. profession C. situation D. institute 9. A. weakness B. symptom C. strength D. impatience 10. A. put forward B. taken up C. made out D. worked on 11. A. records B. aspects C. prospects D. spirits 12. A. examples B. incidents C. disabilities D. possibilities 13. A. resulted from B. came from C. heard from D. suffered from 14. A. lost B. injured C. destroyed D. broke 15. A. to the point B. in the least C. to the degree D. on the whole 技巧2. 把握作者的观点和态度 议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 We today welcome you not only as students, but as the newest members of our community of Scholars. I 1 want to note some of the commitments that define academic life, not only here, but across America's research universities. One commitment is to respect standards of academic excellence when evaluating scholarship. When Princeton decides whether to hire or 2 professors, we evaluate their scholarship by 3 to the standards of their disciplines, not by whether their work is popular with the public, government officials, or powerful interest groups. We expect faculty members and students to 4 the truth not to the preferences of the public or powerful groups. Universities must be independent 5 of data, theory, and argument even when the arguments they 6 might anger or displease powerful people. That independence gives universities a unique and essential role within a free and democratic republic, though it often makes them 7 . You'll find that the scholarly disciplines represented on this campus pursue truth from varying angles and 8 . Ask “What is color?” to an art historian, a physicist, and a philosopher, and you’ll get three different answers. One of the great 9 of being a student here is the access you have to faculty members who are not only world experts, but also 10 teachers. Visit their office hours, share meals, and discuss ideas freely, including whether they agree with what I’ve said in this speech (they often don’t, and that’s fine). That brings me to another of the commitments that define scholarly communities. We treat 11 disagreement as desirable and beneficial. When people ask hard but fair questions about our ideas, we should regard their 12 as a compliment(赞誉). It means they are taking your ideas seriously. New generations of scientists replace older theories with better ones. To live up to the ideals of a scholarly community, we all need to 13 that some of our opinions will turn out to be wrong. We need to seek out criticism and test our views against the most convincing 14 . Finally, Let me mention one other principle that is 15 to this and other scholarly communities. That's a commitment to honesty. At Princeton, the undergraduate honor code is one especially visible demonstration of this important commitment. You need no lecture on why honesty matters — you’ve known since childhood. 1. A. accordingly B. approximately C. appropriately D. automatically 2. A. contradict B. promote C. persuade D. investigate 3. A. permanence B. assumption C. engagement D. reference 4. A. be attached to B. be loyal to C. be critical to D. be glued to 5. A. sources B. dimensions C. categories D. distributions 6. A. identify B. restore C. perceive D. generate 7. A. consistent B. controversial C. apparent D. conventional 8. A. opponents B. perspectives C. sessions D. phenomena 9. A. procedures B. conferences C. privileges D. entertainments 10. A. dedicated B. contemporary C. domestic D. alternative 11. A. desperate B. comprehensive C. respectful D. optimistic 12. A. guarantee B. property C. inquiry D. superiority 13. A. analyse B. stimulate C. deny D. recognize 14. A. assignments B. initiatives C. consultations D. objections 15. A. fundamental B. primitive C. dynamic D. subsequent 技巧3. 结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相反，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。 Throughout our life journey, we are bound to have many people around us. They all play an important role in our lives and help us to become strong human beings. So having respect for the feelings of others is essential for us to grow as strong individuals. As we are all unique in our own way, the people around us may have different feelings, beliefs and behaviors in line with their own needs and 1 . They cannot react the same way in any given situation as we do. 2 , by respecting the feelings of others, we help ourselves to realize our desired goal smoothly and live a truly contented life. By respecting the feelings of others, we encourage them to share their feelings and experiences in a more friendly way, which 3 relationships. Only having respect for them is not enough, and we have to show them that we care about them through empathy and understanding. We should never give advice without being asked, criticize or 4 others because we do not know those people well enough to 5 . In other words, disrespect is a sign of ignorance. The best way to respect the feelings of other people is by listening to them with empathy so that they can share their feelings comfortably, After all, we as human beings have more 6 underneath our skin colour, race and religion. Also, the truth is that everyone deserves respect. So we should treat people in a manner as we expect to be treated. Finally, feelings are what make anyone feel worthwhile or worthless. It requires only a few efforts to make anyone feel 7 . Therefore, we should learn how to respect the feelings of others and have a happy life. Throughout our life journey, conflicts with others are 8 to happen. When facing such situations, respecting others’ feelings can help reduce tensions. It allows us to 9 disagreements with an open mind and seek solutions that take everyone’s 10 into account. Respecting others’ feelings can also 11 a positive atmosphere in our social circles. People feel valued and accepted, which 12 makes them more willing to communicate and cooperate. This creates a cycle of mutual respect that 13 our connections with others. Moreover, respecting the feelings of others is not just about being kind; it’s a 14 of emotional intelligence. It shows that we can recognize and appreciate the inner world of others, which is a key 15 for building meaningful and lasting relationships. 1. A. distributions B. innovations C. assumptions D. motivations 2. A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. Though D. Furthermore 3. A. injures B. integrates C. promotes D. destroys 4. A. lecture B. persuade C. praise D. warn 5. A. judge B. appreciate C. support D. guarantee 6. A. likenesses B. similarities C. distinctions D. characteristics 7. A. precious B. insignificant C. pleased D. valuable 8. A. likely B. prepared C. keen D. certain 9. A. ignore B. arise C. emerge D. approach 10. A. prospects B. statuses C. perspectives D. fortunes 11. A. envelopes B. fosters C. sustains D. ruins 12. A. by contrast B. in return C. by nature D. in turn 13. A. weakens B. shortens C. strengthens D. loosens 14. A. mark B. sign C. symbol D. signal 15. A. element B. composition C. mission D. outcome 技巧4. 通篇阅读，围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。 Imagine you are on a desert island for the rest of your days. What one book would you most 1 to have with you? Much more often than not, people 2 a great work of literature to keep them company for their 3 lives there. Then, what is literature? The answer is found by 4 at literature itself. For example, consider the very first 5 works we come into contact with over the 6 of our lives — children’s literature. Most of us 7 the first steps into the world of reading in the 8 : someone we love reads to us in bed. So begins the lifelong journey through all 9 pages that lie ahead. As we grow up, the practice of reading for pleasure — which 10 means reading literature — stays with us. Explaining to young children the politics or the history would be 11 . Literature, with its ability to communicate to all ages, can help. 12 we read well, we will find ourselves in a dialogue 13 the most creative minds of our own time and of the past. It enriches(丰富) life in 14 that nothing else quite can. It makes us more 15 . The better we learn to read literature, the better it will do that. 1. A. want B. ask C. allow D. require 2. A. provide B. choose C. discover D. follow 3. A. dangerous B. happy C. lonely D. colourful 4. A. looking B. working C. arriving D. pointing 5. A. developed B. printed C. designed D. reported 6. A. pattern B. course C. event D. condition 7. A. count B. pave C. watch D. take 8. A. bookstore B. classroom C. bedroom D. library 9. A. this B. these C. that D. those 10. A. typically B. perfectly C. expectedly D. similarly 11. A. convenient B. common C. private D. difficult 12. A. Though B. Since C. If D. Unless 13. A. for B. beyond C. with D. into 14. A. cases B. ways C. positions D. shapes 15. A. classical B. standard C. personal D. human 优题精练●专题实战通关 Passage 1 (2026届广东佛山市顺德高三考前保温试题英语)Everyone knows that science is important. The aim of science is to 1 how the world, everything in it and beyond it, works. Some people, 2 , claim that much of what is done in the name of science is a waste of time and money. What is the 3 in investigating how atoms behave or in studying stars billions of kilometres away? Science, they argue, is 4 only if it has some practical application. Yet history shows that curiosity-driven research often leads to 5 breakthroughs. When the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell 6 experiments with electricity and magnetism in the late 19th century, he had no specific end in 7 and was certainly not 8 to earn money; he was simply trying to understand more about how the world works. Despite this, his work laid the 9 for our modern way of life. Computers, satellites, the Internet, mobile phones and medical scanners all owe their existence to the fact that a scientist 10 the need to understand the world a little better. Maxwell's candle-lit laboratory was quiet once more, but the ideas he sparked continue to 11 our world. Now more students 12 to ask questions without obvious answers. Such curiosity 13 seeds that may take years, decades or even centuries to bear fruits. Every experiment, every observation, every failure brings us closer to understanding. The value of science lies not only in what it produces but in the 14 it shapes. And that, ultimately, is the 15 of science. 1. A. set up B. figure out C. carry out D. make up 2. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. likewise 3. A. cause B. outcome C. point D. basis 4. A. stable B. profitable C. available D. valuable 5. A. unexpected B. huge C. little D. limited 6. A. conducted B. invented C. learned D. designed 7. A. need B. mind C. hand D. sight 8. A. instructed B. trained C. practicing D. aiming 9. A. conclusion B. foundation C. source D. theory 10. A. met B. avoided C. chose D. felt 11. A. darken B. rule C. light D. decorate 12. A. hesitate B. pretend C. dare D. refuse 13. A. plants B. removes C. destroys D. collects 14. A. mindset B. competition C. cooperation D. history 15. A. challenge B. example C. proof D. significance Passage 2 (2026届湖南长沙市周南中学高三考前模拟英语试题)In an era overwhelmed by digital overload, people are often trapped in a desperate rush, aimlessly pursuing efficiency and instant satisfaction. Last weekend, I 1 cut myself off from the online chaos and stepped into a quiet bookstore. Free from constant 2 and meaningless social comparisons, I 3 myself in reading and enjoyed the rare quiet that has become a 4 in modern society. This refreshing experience urged me to 5 the true essence of a well-lived life. Nowadays, many people are so 6 to virtual excitement that they fail to appreciate the beauty of real life. They drown themselves in endless information but often feel anxious and 7 . Actually, genuine happiness does not 8 from speed or material 9 . Slow living is by no means 10 to laziness or escape from reality. Instead, it is a sensible lifestyle that 11 cherishing the present moment and embracing simplicity. It teaches us to slow down, to 12 the world attentively, and to follow our inner voice. Only when we 13 from the noisy hurry can we attain lasting peace and discover the true 14 of life. To live slowly is to live purposefully. In such a fast-changing world, this is the key to 15 a meaningful and fulfilling life. 1. A. continuously B. instantly C. temporarily D. casually 2. A. joys B. distractions C. efforts D. failures 3. A. trained B. assisted C. buried D. instructed 4. A. luxury B. practice C. miracle D. conflict 5. A. take on B. resolve on C. insist on D. reflect on 6. A. opposed B. indifferent C. addicted D. sensitive 7. A. pessimistic B. empty C. awkward D. astonished 8. A. differ B. benefit C. evolve D. result 9. A. possessions B. standards C. demands D. goods 10. A. blind B. equal C. open D. opposite 11. A. pictures B. prohibits C. advocates D. avoids 12. A. perceive B. imagine C. remember D. change 13. A. gain B. suffer C. emerge D. withdraw 14. A. award B. highlight C. value D. trend 15. A. transforming B. leading C. celebrating D. assessing Passage 3 (2026届安徽合肥市第六中学高三最后一卷英语试题)The days that make us happy make us wise. — by John Masefield When I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it 1 me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the 2 was true. But his serious assurance was 3 . I was deeply attracted by it. Slowly, I seemed to 4 his meaning and realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception(洞察力), not 5 by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind 6 caused by fear. Active happiness — not mere satisfaction or 7 — often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has 8 it. Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the 9 of your friends are more understandable, and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your 10 vision. Nor are the 11 of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts focused on your emotional woes(痛苦), your vision is cut short as though blocked by a wall. Happy, the wall 12 . Consequently, the long vision is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you — people, thoughts, emotions, pressures — are now 13 a larger scene. Everything 14 a fairer proportion(比例). Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal. And here is the beginning of 15 . 1. A. terrified B. surprised C. satisfied D. upset 2. A. other B. opposite C. view D. former 3. A. distracting B. confusing C. arresting D. disturbing 4. A. convey B. observe C. analyse D. appreciate 5. A. iced B. clouded C. rained D. snowed 6. A. spots B. paths C. roads D. places 7. A. entertainment B. sorrow C. disappointment D. fulfillment 8. A. embraced B. interrupted C. accompanied D. survived 9. A. shortcomings B. stupidity C. brightness D. memories 10. A. physical B. ordinary C. spiritual D. daily 11. A. expectations B. impressions C. adventures D. insights 12. A. extended B. collapsed C. remained D. withdrew 13. A. fitted into B. got out C. stayed on D. kept off 14. A. forms B. promises C. needs D. covers 15. A. happiness B. ability C. wisdom D. life Passage 4 (2026届陕西省多校联考高三模拟预测英语试题)My brother is a determined shoes-off-er. I visited him recently and, within a couple of minutes, he 1 at my feet in horror. “What are those?” he asked. “These?” I replied, pointing to my trainers. “I bought them only —.” “No!” he 2 , his face red. “What are they doing in my house?” This is the best way to 3 people. There are those who hate the thought of rubber on carpet, who lie awake 4 because wearing outdoors shoes indoors breaks the natural order of things. Then there are normal people like me, who really don’t care because they understand the 5 of doormats. However, shoes-off-ers might be on to something. A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Houston has shown that 26.4% of shoes 6 the bacteria of Clostridium difficile. Work on a 7 ? A 2014 study concluded that considering the herds you raise your boots are almost certainly covered in E. coli. They are definitely 8 guests to your living rooms. But I’m going to 9 myself. Sure, it might be more hygienic(卫生的) to remove your shoes at the door, but only to a small extent. By all accounts, there is a 10 chance you will get ill when someone is wearing shoes in your living room. And if you have got young kids, who rush in and out of the house without 11 at the first sign of the sun, it’s much more practical to keep your shoes on. Not to mention 12 : Fewer things inspire more pity than the sight of adults 13 bending themselves into knots as they attempt to do up their shoelaces in a narrow hallway at the 14 of a night. True, the answer to both of these problems is slippers. But given the choice of slippers or E. coli, I’ll 15 the latter every time. 1. A. shot B. gestured C. pulled D. leapt 2. A. protested B. murmured C. laughed D. sighed 3. A. bully B. relieve C. split D. understand 4. A. singing B. reflecting C. chewing D. panicking 5. A. point B. category C. price D. condition 6. A. eliminate B. challenge C. carry D. change 7. A. roof B. farm C. ship D. playground 8. A. decent B. charming C. selfish D. unwelcome 9. A. put up with B. look out for C. get along with D. stand up for 10. A. fat B. good C. high D. real 11. A. company B. enthusiasm C. warning D. collaboration 12. A. dignity B. exhaustion C. complexity D. politeness 13. A. gracefully B. painfully C. voluntarily D. creatively 14. A. start B. end C. height D. cost 15. A. refuse B. avoid C. upgrade D. take Passage 5 (2026届四川成都市彭州市彭州中学期末考试)The term “water master’s degree” — or “shuoshui” in Chinese — has become a lightning rod in discussions about higher education. It refers to one-year master’s programs, particularly those offered by some UK and Australian universities, that critics 1 as academically undemanding cash cows. The implication is clear: these degrees are 2 , offering little real learning while costing a fortune. But is this reputation 3 ? The one-year master’s model is fundamentally different from China’s three-year research-based master’s degree. Where Chinese programs emphasize lengthy thesis writing and 4 research training, UK-style taught master’s degrees compress the same amount of content into an intense 12-month sprint. Students attend lectures, complete assignments, write a dissertation — all without the long summer 5 that characterizes Chinese undergraduate education. A typical week might involve 30 — 40 hours of classes and independent study. Critics argue that the 6 duration makes it impossible to develop deep expertise. They point to students who graduate without strong research skills or who struggle to 7 their one-year degree to a competitive job market. Some employers have reportedly begun 8 these degrees, favoring candidates with two-year or three-year Chinese master’s degrees instead. 9 , defenders of the one-year model make several compelling arguments. First, for students pursuing professional careers rather than academia, intensive coursework may be more 10 than years of open-ended research. A one-year finance master’s degree, for example, can provide specific, marketable skills. Second, the shorter duration means lower opportunity 11 — students return to the workforce faster. Third, many of these programs are genuinely rigorous. The University of Oxford’s one-year master’s degrees, for instance, are 12 world-renowned. The real issue may not be the length of the degree but the 13 of the institution and the student’s intentions. A one-year program at a top university, pursued by a motivated student, can be transformative. The same degree from a diploma mill, 14 by someone seeking an easy credential, is indeed a “water master’s.” The term, perhaps, should be applied to programs based on their academic honesty and rigor — not simply their 15 . 1. A. celebrate B. dismiss C. analyze D. advertise 2. A. superficial B. innovative C. affordable D. essential 3. A. earned B. exaggerated C. deserved D. overlooked 4. A. limited B. superficial C. extensive D. theoretical 5. A. vacation B. assignment C. exam D. training 6. A. flexible B. standard C. extended D. compressed 7. A. apply B. reduce C. leverage D. sacrifice 8. A. valuing B. devaluing C. recognizing D. promoting 9. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. Nevertheless 10. A. valuable B. relaxing C. expensive D. traditional 11. A. cost B. time C. energy D. risk 12. A. hardly B. universally C. rarely D. questionably 13. A. location B. age C. quality D. popularity 14. A. designed B. pursued C. funded D. rejected 15. A. duration B. reputation C. location D. cost Passage 6 (2025-2026学年福建福州市鼓楼区福州第一中学第一学期第二学段模块考试高三英语学科期末试题)As an actress, the question I am most often asked is:“What do you really do for UNICEF?” My task is to inform, and to create 1 of children’s needs. There remains a critical need to 2 children suffering from malnutrition and disease. One does not need special training to recognize the 3 of severe vitamin A deficiency — a condition that leads to blindness and often death. Annually, countless children in developing regions are 4 . Thus, I travel not merely to raise money, but to tear down a dangerous 5 : the belief that helping is difficult. In reality, for just 84 cents a year — the 6 of two vitamin A capsules — a child’s sight can be preserved. My previous experiences 7 me to UNICEF. As a child who received its lifesaving support in postwar Europe, I was once faced with extreme poverty, a reality 8 in many communities today. Poverty, which is a 9 crisis, lies at the root of this 10 . It spreads quietly in remote villages and 11 communities. Across more than 100 countries, UNICEF witnesses its severe impact 12 a child. If we are meant to “love thy (your) neighbour as thyself”, then we should 13 these children as our own for they are our most vital resource. They are too 14 to wait for an economic crisis to pass. The moment is now. Every child 15 health, tenderness, and a future filled with promise. 1. A. awareness B. intention C. phenomenon D. opinion 2. A. make up for B. wait for C. speak up for D. long for 3. A. cause B. result C. cure D. theory 4. A. saved B. affected C. abandoned D. checked 5. A. myth B. cycle C. rule D. record 6. A. value B. amount C. price D. package 7. A. tied B. compared C. limited D. dragged 8. A. shaped B. absorbed C. eliminated D. mirrored 9. A. sudden B. visible C. silent D. urgent 10. A. beginning B. bias C. suffering D. sacrifice 11. A. confused B. ignored C. recovered D. stuffed 12. A. in the eyes of B. at the risk of C. as a result of D. on behalf of 13. A. protect B. teach C. acknowledge D. treat 14. A. sensitive B. cautious C. weak D. critical 15. A. deserves B. ensures C. enjoys D. guarantees 7 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单04 完形填空之议论文 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 特点 1. 论点(提出问题) 2. 论据(分析问题) 3. 论证(解决问题) 考点二 解题技巧 技巧1. 把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 技巧2. 把握作者的观点和态度 技巧3. 结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 技巧4. 通篇阅读，围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章，主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。议论文都是由论点、论据和论证这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的过程。 它的语言自然、客观、抽象、概括。 技巧1. 把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 We all have weaknesses and strengths — no matter who we are. Sometimes the weaknesses seem to outweigh the strengths and sometimes it’s the other way around. Some people get sick easily. Some struggle to 1 their finances properly. Some people are 2 communicators and struggle with relationships. Many people accept it as just bad 3 — but not everyone. Some people facing huge 4 still manage to achieve surprising things. They 5 above their weaknesses and do not allow them to limit their possibilities. I attended a school prize-giving ceremony not so long ago and the guest 6 was Andrew Becroft, who had a severe stutter (口吃) as a child. Instead of allowing this to limit him, he chose to work hard to 7 it. He is now the Principal Youth Court Judge for New Zealand. Not only did he become successful, but he did so in a(n) 8 where he had to speak in front of others regularly — where his 9 is front and center for all to see. If he hadn’t 10 his speaking ability, it would have been very limiting to his life and career 11 . Here are some more 12 : Brett Eastburn has no arms or legs and yet is an inspirational speaker and also a very good wrestler. Ringo Starr, drummer for the Beatles, 13 a very poor background. He was constantly troubled by illness as a child and spent large amounts of time in hospital. Mark Inglis 14 both of his legs below the knees in a mountaineering accident, but has since climbed Mt Everest. Most of us will never have to face the challenges these people faced. Yet most of us will never achieve 15 that these people have had either, unless we choose to. If Mark Inglis can climb the highest mountain in the world without legs, what can we do? 1. A. manage B. obtain C. share D. divide 2. A. ridiculous B. forgetful C. useless D. hopeless 3. A. impression B. character C. quality D. fortune 4. A. criticism B. pressure C. limitations D. losses 5. A. rise B. behave C. operate D. escape 6. A. winner B. speaker C. organizer D. scholar 7. A. avoid B. treat C. forget D. overcome 8. A. atmosphere B. profession C. situation D. institute 9. A. weakness B. symptom C. strength D. impatience 10. A. put forward B. taken up C. made out D. worked on 11. A. records B. aspects C. prospects D. spirits 12. A. examples B. incidents C. disabilities D. possibilities 13. A. resulted from B. came from C. heard from D. suffered from 14. A. lost B. injured C. destroyed D. broke 15. A. to the point B. in the least C. to the degree D. on the whole 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述每个人都有优缺点，而真正的强者能克服自身弱点、突破局限，并用多个励志人物的事例佐证这一观点。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人很难妥善打理自己的财务状况。A. manage管理、打理；B. obtain获得；C. share分享；D. divide划分。根据后文“their finances properly”可知，此处指合理管理个人财务，“manage finances”为常用搭配。故选A项。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人不擅长与人交流，在人际关系上屡屡受挫。A. ridiculous荒谬的；B. forgetful健忘的；C. useless无用的；D. hopeless糟糕的、无望的。根据后文“struggle with relationships”可知，这类人在人际交往方面能力欠缺，“hopeless communicators”表示“不擅长沟通的人”。故选D项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人将这些问题归咎于运气不好，但并非所有人都会这样。A. impression印象；B. character性格；C. quality品质；D. fortune运气。根据常识可知，很多人将自身短板归因于运气的原因。故选D项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人即便面临重重局限，依然能取得令人惊叹的成就。A. criticism批评；B. pressure压力；C. limitations局限；D. losses损失。根据前文提到的各类弱点，以及后文“achieve surprising things”的转折可知，此处指自身条件的局限。故选C项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们超越自身弱点，不让这些弱点限制自己的发展可能。A. rise上升、超越；B. behave表现；C. operate运转；D. escape逃离。根据后文“do not allow them to limit their possibilities.”可知，强者能超越自身弱点。故选A项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久前我参加了一场学校颁奖典礼，特邀嘉宾发言人是安德鲁·贝克洛夫特，他小时候患有严重的口吃。A. winner获胜者；B. speaker发言人；C. organizer组织者；D. scholar学者。根据前文“a school prize-giving ceremony”以及嘉宾的身份可知，安德鲁是典礼上的发言人。故选B项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有让口吃限制自己，而是选择努力克服这个障碍。A. avoid避免；B. treat治疗；C. forget忘记；D. overcome克服。根据前文“Instead of allowing this to limit him”可知，他主动应对自身弱点，努力克服口吃问题。故选D项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不但取得了成功，而且是在一份需要经常当众发言的职业中取得了成功——这份职业中，他的弱点暴露在所有人眼前。A. atmosphere氛围；B. profession职业；C. situation处境；D. institute机构。根据前文“the Principal Youth Court Judge for New Zealand”可知，这是他从事的一份职业。故选B项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不但取得了成功，而且是在一份需要经常当众发言的职业中取得了成功——这份职业中，他的弱点暴露在所有人眼前。A. weakness弱点；B. symptom症状；C. strength优势；D. impatience不耐烦。根据前文“had a severe stutter as a child”可知，口吃是他的弱点，而法官职业需要频繁发言，会将这个弱点显露出来。故选A项。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果他没有锤炼自己的语言表达能力，他的人生和职业前景将会受到极大的限制。A. put forward提出；B. taken up占据；C. made out辨认出；D. worked on致力于、锤炼。根据后文“it would have been very limiting to his life”的假设可知，正是因为他努力打磨自己的说话能力，才突破了局限。故选D项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他没有锤炼自己的语言表达能力，他的人生和职业前景将会受到极大的限制。A. records记录；B. aspects方面；C. prospects前景；D. spirits精神。根据前文他成为首席青年法庭法官的成功经历可知，打磨语言能力对他的职业未来发展至关重要。故选C项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里还有更多例子。A. examples例子；B. incidents事件；C. disabilities残疾；D. possibilities可能性。根据后文列举的Brett Eastburn、Ringo Starr和Mark Inglis的事例可知，此处是引出更多佐证观点的例子。故选A项。 13. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：披头士乐队的鼓手林戈·斯塔尔出身贫寒。A. resulted from由……导致；B. came from来自；C. heard from收到……来信；D. suffered from遭受。根据后文“a very poor background”可知，此处指他的出身背景。故选B项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克·英格利斯在一次登山事故中失去了膝盖以下的双腿，但后来他登上了珠穆朗玛峰。A. lost失去；B. injured受伤；C. destroyed摧毁；D. broke打破。根据后文“both of his legs below the knees”以及“without legs”的描述可知，他在事故中失去了双腿。故选A项。 15. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，我们大多数人永远也达不到这些人所取得的成就高度。A. to the point切中要害；B. in the least丝毫；C. to the degree到……程度；D. on the whole总的来说。根据前文“Most of us will never have to face the challenges these people faced”的对比可知，普通人既不会经历他们那样的困境，也难以取得他们那样高度的成就。故选C项。 技巧2. 把握作者的观点和态度 议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 We today welcome you not only as students, but as the newest members of our community of Scholars. I 1 want to note some of the commitments that define academic life, not only here, but across America's research universities. One commitment is to respect standards of academic excellence when evaluating scholarship. When Princeton decides whether to hire or 2 professors, we evaluate their scholarship by 3 to the standards of their disciplines, not by whether their work is popular with the public, government officials, or powerful interest groups. We expect faculty members and students to 4 the truth not to the preferences of the public or powerful groups. Universities must be independent 5 of data, theory, and argument even when the arguments they 6 might anger or displease powerful people. That independence gives universities a unique and essential role within a free and democratic republic, though it often makes them 7 . You'll find that the scholarly disciplines represented on this campus pursue truth from varying angles and 8 . Ask “What is color?” to an art historian, a physicist, and a philosopher, and you’ll get three different answers. One of the great 9 of being a student here is the access you have to faculty members who are not only world experts, but also 10 teachers. Visit their office hours, share meals, and discuss ideas freely, including whether they agree with what I’ve said in this speech (they often don’t, and that’s fine). That brings me to another of the commitments that define scholarly communities. We treat 11 disagreement as desirable and beneficial. When people ask hard but fair questions about our ideas, we should regard their 12 as a compliment(赞誉). It means they are taking your ideas seriously. New generations of scientists replace older theories with better ones. To live up to the ideals of a scholarly community, we all need to 13 that some of our opinions will turn out to be wrong. We need to seek out criticism and test our views against the most convincing 14 . Finally, Let me mention one other principle that is 15 to this and other scholarly communities. That's a commitment to honesty. At Princeton, the undergraduate honor code is one especially visible demonstration of this important commitment. You need no lecture on why honesty matters — you’ve known since childhood. 1. A. accordingly B. approximately C. appropriately D. automatically 2. A. contradict B. promote C. persuade D. investigate 3. A. permanence B. assumption C. engagement D. reference 4. A. be attached to B. be loyal to C. be critical to D. be glued to 5. A. sources B. dimensions C. categories D. distributions 6. A. identify B. restore C. perceive D. generate 7. A. consistent B. controversial C. apparent D. conventional 8. A. opponents B. perspectives C. sessions D. phenomena 9. A. procedures B. conferences C. privileges D. entertainments 10. A. dedicated B. contemporary C. domestic D. alternative 11. A. desperate B. comprehensive C. respectful D. optimistic 12. A. guarantee B. property C. inquiry D. superiority 13. A. analyse B. stimulate C. deny D. recognize 14. A. assignments B. initiatives C. consultations D. objections 15. A. fundamental B. primitive C. dynamic D. subsequent 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章是普林斯顿大学相关人员对新生的致辞，阐述了学术生活的核心承诺与原则，包括尊重学术卓越标准、重视理性分歧以及坚守诚信，旨在引导新生融入学术社区并践行学术精神。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想适当(或恰如其分地)指出一些定义学术生活的承诺，不仅在这里，而且在美国的各个研究型大学中。A. accordingly 因此；B. approximately 大约；C. appropriately 适当地；D. automatically 自动地。根据上文“We today welcome you not only as students, but as the newest members of our community of Scholars.”和下文“note some of the commitments that define academic life, not only here, but across America's research universities.”可知演讲者在欢迎新生场合想要“恰当地”指出一些学术承诺，故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当普林斯顿大学决定是否聘用或提升教授时，我们会根据他们学科的标准来评估他们的学术成就，而不是根据他们的工作是否受到公众、政府官员或强大的利益集团的欢迎。A. contradict 反驳；B. promote 晋升；C. persuade 说服；D. investigate 调查。与hire(聘用)并列，应选“晋升”，都是指教授的职业发展相关动作，故选B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. permanence 永久；B. assumption 假设；C. engagement 参与；D. reference 参考。根据下文“to the standards of their disciplines”可知是参考标准，by reference to 为固定搭配，意为“参照，依据”，符合语境，故选D。 4. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们期望教师和学生忠于真理，而非迎合公众或权势集团的偏好。A. be attached to 依恋；B. be loyal to 忠于；C. be critical to 对……关键；D. be glued to 粘在。根据下文“not to the preferences of the public or powerful groups. ”，可知期望教师和学生“忠于真理”，而不是迎合公众或权势集团的偏好，故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学必须是数据、理论和论点的独立来源，即使它们产生的论点可能会激怒或惹恼有权有势的人。A. sources 来源；B. dimensions 维度；C. categories 类别；D. distributions 分布。根据下文“ data, theory, and argument ”此处指大学的独立性体现在不依赖特定的“数据、理论和论据来源”，符合 学术独立”的内涵，故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. identify 识别；B. restore 恢复；C. perceive 感知；D. generate 产生。根据上文“even when the arguments”可知指大学产生或提出的论点，故选D。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种独立性使大学在自由民主的共和国中扮演独特而重要的角色，尽管它常常使它们充满争议。A. consistent 一致的；B. controversial 有争议的；C. apparent 明显的；D. conventional 传统的。根据上文“That independence gives universities a unique and essential role within a free and democratic republic”可知独立探究可能挑战权威，因此常引发争议，故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你会发现校园里的各个学科从不同的角度和视角追求真理。A. opponents 对手；B. perspectives 视角；C. sessions 会议；D. phenomena 现象。与angles(角度)并列，应选“视角”，符合“不同学科探索真理的方式”，故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这里学习的一大特权是，你能接触到不仅是世界级专家，而且也是专注教学的教师们。A. procedures 程序；B. conferences 会议；C. privileges 特权；D. entertainments 娱乐。根据下文“the access you have to faculty members who are not only world experts, but also 10 teachers. ”可知接触优秀教师是一种“特权”，故选C。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你能接触到不仅是世界级专家，而且也是专注教学的教师们。A. dedicated 专注的；B. contemporary 当代的；C. domestic 国内的；D. alternative 替代的。根据上文“not only world experts”可知和世界级专家并列，应为表示“专注教学的”教师，故选A。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们将尊重的分歧视为可取且有益的。A. desperate 绝望的；B. comprehensive 全面的；C. respectful 尊重的；D. optimistic 乐观的。根据下文“disagreement ”和常识可知学术分歧应基于相互尊重，故选C。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们对我们的观点提出尖锐但公平的问题时，我们应将他们的询问视为一种赞誉。A. guarantee 保证；B. property 财产；C. inquiry 询问；D. superiority 优越。根据上文的“hard but fair questions”，即询问，故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了践行学术社区的理想，我们都需要认识到我们的一些观点最终可能是错误的。A. analyse 分析；B. stimulate 刺激；C. deny 否认；D. recognize 认识到。根据上文“To live up to the ideals of a scholarly community”和常识可知学术研究需要保持谦逊，“认识到”自身观点可能存在错误，符合学术精神，故选D。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们需要寻求批评，并用最有说服力的反对意见来检验我们的观点。A. assignments 任务；B. initiatives 倡议；C. consultations 咨询；D. objections 反对意见。与上文“criticism(批评)”对应，应是“反对意见”，故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，让我提一下另一个对这个和其他学术社区至关重要的原则。A. fundamental 根本的；B. primitive 原始的；C. dynamic 动态的；D. subsequent 随后的。根据后文“That's a commitment to honesty. ”可知诚信是学术社区的“根本”原则，故选A。 技巧3. 结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相反，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。 Throughout our life journey, we are bound to have many people around us. They all play an important role in our lives and help us to become strong human beings. So having respect for the feelings of others is essential for us to grow as strong individuals. As we are all unique in our own way, the people around us may have different feelings, beliefs and behaviors in line with their own needs and 1 . They cannot react the same way in any given situation as we do. 2 , by respecting the feelings of others, we help ourselves to realize our desired goal smoothly and live a truly contented life. By respecting the feelings of others, we encourage them to share their feelings and experiences in a more friendly way, which 3 relationships. Only having respect for them is not enough, and we have to show them that we care about them through empathy and understanding. We should never give advice without being asked, criticize or 4 others because we do not know those people well enough to 5 . In other words, disrespect is a sign of ignorance. The best way to respect the feelings of other people is by listening to them with empathy so that they can share their feelings comfortably, After all, we as human beings have more 6 underneath our skin colour, race and religion. Also, the truth is that everyone deserves respect. So we should treat people in a manner as we expect to be treated. Finally, feelings are what make anyone feel worthwhile or worthless. It requires only a few efforts to make anyone feel 7 . Therefore, we should learn how to respect the feelings of others and have a happy life. Throughout our life journey, conflicts with others are 8 to happen. When facing such situations, respecting others’ feelings can help reduce tensions. It allows us to 9 disagreements with an open mind and seek solutions that take everyone’s 10 into account. Respecting others’ feelings can also 11 a positive atmosphere in our social circles. People feel valued and accepted, which 12 makes them more willing to communicate and cooperate. This creates a cycle of mutual respect that 13 our connections with others. Moreover, respecting the feelings of others is not just about being kind; it’s a 14 of emotional intelligence. It shows that we can recognize and appreciate the inner world of others, which is a key 15 for building meaningful and lasting relationships. 1. A. distributions B. innovations C. assumptions D. motivations 2. A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. Though D. Furthermore 3. A. injures B. integrates C. promotes D. destroys 4. A. lecture B. persuade C. praise D. warn 5. A. judge B. appreciate C. support D. guarantee 6. A. likenesses B. similarities C. distinctions D. characteristics 7. A. precious B. insignificant C. pleased D. valuable 8. A. likely B. prepared C. keen D. certain 9. A. ignore B. arise C. emerge D. approach 10. A. prospects B. statuses C. perspectives D. fortunes 11. A. envelopes B. fosters C. sustains D. ruins 12. A. by contrast B. in return C. by nature D. in turn 13. A. weakens B. shortens C. strengthens D. loosens 14. A. mark B. sign C. symbol D. signal 15. A. element B. composition C. mission D. outcome 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了尊重他人感受的重要性及益处。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我们每个人都以自己的方式独一无二，我们周围的人可能根据他们自己的需求和动机有不同的感受、信仰和行为。A. distributions分配；B. innovations创新；C. assumptions假设；D. motivations动机。根据前文“in line with their own needs”可知，与“需求”并列的应是“动机”，指人们的行为受需求和动机驱动。故选D。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，通过尊重他人的感受，我们帮助自己顺利实现期望的目标，过上真正满足的生活。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Though尽管；D. Furthermore此外。根据前文“They cannot react the same way in any given situation as we do.”以及后文“by respecting the feelings of others, we help ourselves to realize our desired goal smoothly and live a truly contented life.”可知，前文提到“他人与我们的反应可能不同”，后文说明“尊重他人感受能带来的好处”，前后为因果关系。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过尊重他人的感受，我们鼓励他们以更友好的方式分享他们的感受和经历，这促进了关系的发展。A. injures伤害；B. integrates整合；C. promotes促进；D. destroys破坏。根据前文“encourage them to share their feelings and experiences in a more friendly way”可知，鼓励他人分享感受和经历会促进关系的发展。故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不应该在未经询问的情况下给出建议，批评或说教他人，因为我们还不够了解那些人，无法做出判断。A. lecture说教；B. persuade说服；C. praise赞扬；D. warn警告。根据前文“We should never give advice without being asked, criticize”可知，此处指不应该在未经询问的情况下给出建议，批评或说教他人。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不应该在未经询问的情况下给出建议，批评或说教他人，因为我们还不够了解那些人，无法做出判断。A. judge判断；B. appreciate欣赏；C. support支持；D. guarantee保证。根据前文“we do not know those people well enough”可知，因为不够了解那些人，所以无法做出判断。故选A。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，作为人类，我们在肤色、种族和宗教之下有更多的相似之处。A. likenesses相似物；B. similarities相似之处；C. distinctions区别；D. characteristics特征。根据后文“Also, the truth is that everyone deserves respect.”可知，此处强调人类本质上的共通性，所以是指人类在肤色、种族和宗教之下有更多的相似之处。故选B。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只需要一点努力就能让任何人感到自己有价值。A. precious珍贵的；B. insignificant不重要的；C. pleased高兴的；D. valuable有价值的。根据前文“feelings are what make anyone feel worthwhile or worthless”可知，此处指让任何人感到自己有价值。故选D。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们的人生旅途中，与他人发生冲突是很有可能发生的。A. likely可能的；B. prepared准备好的；C. keen渴望的；D. certain确定的。根据后文“When facing such situations, respecting others’ feelings can help reduce tensions.”可知，冲突是可能发生的，而非必然。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它允许我们以开放的心态处理分歧，并寻求考虑到每个人观点的解决方案。A. ignore忽视；B. arise出现；C. emerge浮现；D. approach处理。根据后文“disagreements with an open mind”可知，此处指以开放的心态处理分歧。approach disagreements意为“处理分歧”。故选D。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它允许我们以开放的心态处理分歧，并寻求考虑到每个人观点的解决方案。A. prospects前景；B. statuses地位；C. perspectives观点；D. fortunes财富。根据前文“seek solutions”可知，解决方案需要考虑每个人的观点。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尊重他人的感受也可以在我们的社交圈中营造积极的氛围。A. envelopes包围；B. fosters培养，营造；C. sustains维持；D. ruins毁灭。根据后文“a positive atmosphere”可知，此处指营造积极的氛围。故选B。 12. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：人们感到被重视和被接受，这反过来又使他们更愿意沟通和合作。A. by contrast相比之下；B. in return作为回报；C. by nature天生地；D. in turn反过来。根据后文“makes them more willing to communicate and cooperate”可知，人们感到被重视和被接受，这反过来又使他们更愿意沟通和合作。故选D。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这创造了一个相互尊重的循环，加强了我们与他人的联系。A. weakens削弱；B. shortens缩短；C. strengthens加强；D. loosens放松。根据前文“This creates a cycle of mutual respect”可知，相互尊重的循环会加强我们与他人的联系。故选C。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，尊重他人的感受不仅仅是善良；这也是情商的一种体现。A. mark标志；B. sign迹象，体现；C. symbol象征；D. signal信号。根据前文“Moreover, respecting the feelings of others is not just about being kind”可知，尊重他人的感受是情商的一中体现。a sign of emotional intelligence意为“情商的一种体现”。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这表明我们能够认识和欣赏他人的内心世界，这是建立有意义和持久关系的关键要素。A. element要素；B. composition成分；C. mission任务；D. outcome结果。结合语境，再根据后文“for building meaningful and lasting relationships”可推知，此处指认识和欣赏他人的内心世界，尊重他人，是建立有意义和持久关系的关键要素。故选A。 技巧4. 通篇阅读，围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。 Imagine you are on a desert island for the rest of your days. What one book would you most 1 to have with you? Much more often than not, people 2 a great work of literature to keep them company for their 3 lives there. Then, what is literature? The answer is found by 4 at literature itself. For example, consider the very first 5 works we come into contact with over the 6 of our lives — children’s literature. Most of us 7 the first steps into the world of reading in the 8 : someone we love reads to us in bed. So begins the lifelong journey through all 9 pages that lie ahead. As we grow up, the practice of reading for pleasure — which 10 means reading literature — stays with us. Explaining to young children the politics or the history would be 11 . Literature, with its ability to communicate to all ages, can help. 12 we read well, we will find ourselves in a dialogue 13 the most creative minds of our own time and of the past. It enriches(丰富) life in 14 that nothing else quite can. It makes us more 15 . The better we learn to read literature, the better it will do that. 1. A. want B. ask C. allow D. require 2. A. provide B. choose C. discover D. follow 3. A. dangerous B. happy C. lonely D. colourful 4. A. looking B. working C. arriving D. pointing 5. A. developed B. printed C. designed D. reported 6. A. pattern B. course C. event D. condition 7. A. count B. pave C. watch D. take 8. A. bookstore B. classroom C. bedroom D. library 9. A. this B. these C. that D. those 10. A. typically B. perfectly C. expectedly D. similarly 11. A. convenient B. common C. private D. difficult 12. A. Though B. Since C. If D. Unless 13. A. for B. beyond C. with D. into 14. A. cases B. ways C. positions D. shapes 15. A. classical B. standard C. personal D. human 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以“如果余生在荒岛上只能带一本书，你会选什么”这一问题引出话题，阐述了文学的定义、人们接触文学的起始以及文学对不同年龄段的人所起的作用，还强调了文学能丰富生活、使人更人性化等。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你最想要带哪一本书和你在一起？A. want想要；B. ask询问，要求；C. allow允许；D. require需要，要求。上文“Imagine you are on a desert island for the rest of your days.”营造了在荒岛的情境，在这种情境下思考最想要的书，符合语境。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，人们会选择一部伟大的文学作品来陪伴他们在那里的孤独生活。A. provide提供；B. choose选择；C. discover发现；D. follow跟随。结合上文“What one book would you most ____ to have with you?”提到的在荒岛上选择一本书的情境，这里说人们会“选择”一部文学作品。故选B。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，人们会选择一部伟大的文学作品来陪伴他们在那里的孤独生活。A. dangerous危险的；B. happy快乐的；C. lonely孤独的；D. colourful多彩的。根据上文“Imagine you are on a desert island for the rest of your days.”可知，在荒岛上，没有其他人陪伴，生活是孤独的。故选C。 4. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：答案可以通过观察文学本身找到。A. looking看；B. working工作；C. arriving到达；D. pointing指向。根据上文“Then, what is literature?”和“at literature itself”可知，这里是说通过观察文学本身来找到关于文学是什么的答案，look at表示“看，观察”，符合语境。故选A。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，考虑一下我们在生命过程中接触到的第一批印刷作品——儿童文学。A. developed发展的；B. printed印刷的；C. designed设计的；D. reported报道的。根据常识，我们接触到的书籍等文学作品通常是印刷的。故选B。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，考虑一下我们在生命过程中接触到的第一批印刷作品——儿童文学。A. pattern模式；图案；B. course过程，课程；C. event事件；D. condition条件，状况。根据下文“ So begins the lifelong journey”可知，此处指在我们的生命历程中，over the course of our lives表示“在我们的生命过程中”，是固定搭配。故选B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人都是在卧室里迈出阅读世界的第一步：我们爱的人在床上给我们读书。A. count计数，重要；B. pave铺设；C. watch观看；D. take采取，拿走。根据上文“children’s literature”和下文“ someone we love reads to us in bed.”可知，此处指迈出阅读的第一步，take the first steps表示“迈出第一步”，符合语境。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人都是在卧室里迈出阅读世界的第一步：我们爱的人在床上给我们读书。A. bookstore书店；B. classroom教室；C. bedroom卧室；D. library图书馆。根据下文“someone we love reads to us in bed”可知，应该是在卧室里。故选C。 9. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：于是，在前方所有那些书页中的终身旅程开始了。A. this这个；B. these这些；C. that那个；D. those那些。修饰pages是应用these或those，这里说的是前方的书页，有一定的距离感，所以用those。故选D。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着我们长大，为了乐趣而阅读的习惯——通常意味着阅读文学作品——会伴随我们。A. typically通常，典型地；B. perfectly完美地；C. expectedly预期地；D. similarly相似地。根据上文“the practice of reading for pleasure”可知，此处指为了乐趣而阅读通常就是指阅读文学作品。故选A。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：向小孩子解释政治或历史会很困难。A. convenient方便的；B. common常见的，普通的；C. private私人的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“Explaining to young children the politics or the history”并结合常识可知，政治和历史对于小孩子来说比较抽象，很难对他们解释清楚。故选D。 12. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果我们读得好，我们会发现自己与当代和过去最有创造力的头脑进行对话。A. Though虽然；B. Since自从，因为；C. If如果；D. Unless除非。后文“we read well”是“we will find ourselves in a dialogue”的条件，所以用if引导条件状语从句。故选C。 13. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果我们读得好，我们会发现自己与当代和过去最有创造力的头脑进行对话。A. for为了，对于；B. beyond超越；C. with和……一起；D. into进入。in a dialogue with... 表示“与……进行对话”，是固定搭配，此处指与当代以及过去最有创造力的人对话。故选C。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它以其他东西无法比拟的方式丰富了生活。A. cases情况，案例；B. ways方式，方法；C. positions位置，职位；D. shapes形状。根据上文“ ____ we read well, we will find ourselves in a dialogue ____ the most creative minds of our own time and of the past.”可知，此处指文学以独特的方式丰富生活。故选B。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它让我们更人性化。A. classical经典的；B. standard标准的；C. personal个人的；D. human人性的，人类的。根据上文“It enriches ( 丰富) life in ____ that nothing else quite can.”可知，文学能够丰富我们的内心世界，从而更人性化。故选D。 优题精练●专题实战通关 Passage 1 (2026届广东佛山市顺德高三考前保温试题英语)Everyone knows that science is important. The aim of science is to 1 how the world, everything in it and beyond it, works. Some people, 2 , claim that much of what is done in the name of science is a waste of time and money. What is the 3 in investigating how atoms behave or in studying stars billions of kilometres away? Science, they argue, is 4 only if it has some practical application. Yet history shows that curiosity-driven research often leads to 5 breakthroughs. When the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell 6 experiments with electricity and magnetism in the late 19th century, he had no specific end in 7 and was certainly not 8 to earn money; he was simply trying to understand more about how the world works. Despite this, his work laid the 9 for our modern way of life. Computers, satellites, the Internet, mobile phones and medical scanners all owe their existence to the fact that a scientist 10 the need to understand the world a little better. Maxwell's candle-lit laboratory was quiet once more, but the ideas he sparked continue to 11 our world. Now more students 12 to ask questions without obvious answers. Such curiosity 13 seeds that may take years, decades or even centuries to bear fruits. Every experiment, every observation, every failure brings us closer to understanding. The value of science lies not only in what it produces but in the 14 it shapes. And that, ultimately, is the 15 of science. 1. A. set up B. figure out C. carry out D. make up 2. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. likewise 3. A. cause B. outcome C. point D. basis 4. A. stable B. profitable C. available D. valuable 5. A. unexpected B. huge C. little D. limited 6. A. conducted B. invented C. learned D. designed 7. A. need B. mind C. hand D. sight 8. A. instructed B. trained C. practicing D. aiming 9. A. conclusion B. foundation C. source D. theory 10. A. met B. avoided C. chose D. felt 11. A. darken B. rule C. light D. decorate 12. A. hesitate B. pretend C. dare D. refuse 13. A. plants B. removes C. destroys D. collects 14. A. mindset B. competition C. cooperation D. history 15. A. challenge B. example C. proof D. significance 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D 【导语】文章讨论科学的价值，指出纯好奇驱动的基础研究也能带来突破，阐释科学的真正意义。 1. 考查动词短语。句意：科学的目的是弄清楚世界、世间万物以及外部世界如何运作。A. set up建立；B. figure out弄清楚；C. carry out执行；D. make up编造。根据上文“The aim of science”和常识可知，科学的本质是探究、弄懂世界运行规律。 2. 考查副词。句意：然而，有些人声称许多以科学之名开展的工作是在浪费时间和金钱。A. therefore因此；B. moreover此外；C. however然而；D. likewise同样地。前文“ Everyone knows that science is important. ”和后文“claim that much of what is done in the name of science is a waste of time and money.”是转折关系，用however连接。 3. 考查名词。句意：研究原子的运动方式或研究数十亿公里外的恒星有什么意义呢？A. cause原因；B. outcome结果；C. point意义；D. basis基础。根据下文“they argue, is ____ only if it has some practical application.”可知，有人质疑这些研究的意义，固定句型What is the point in doing sth.意为“做某事有什么意义”。 4. 考查形容词。句意：他们认为，科学只有具备实际用途时才有价值。A. stable稳定的；B. profitable盈利的；C. available可获得的；D. valuable有价值的。根据后文“only if it has some practical application.”推测，一些人认为科学需实用才有价值。 5. 考查形容词。句意：然而历史表明，好奇心驱动的研究往往会带来意想不到的突破。A. unexpected意想不到的；B. huge巨大的；C. little微小的；D. limited有限的。根据后文麦克斯韦无目的研究却催生现代科技可知，这类研究的突破是意料之外的。 6. 考查动词。句意：苏格兰物理学家詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦在19世纪末开展了电学和磁学实验，他没有特定的目的，当然也不是为了赚钱。A. conducted实施；开展；B. invented发明；C. learned学习；D. designed设计。根据后文“experiments”可知，此处指开展实验。 7. 考查名词。句意同上。A. need需要；B. mind心思；C. hand手；D. sight视线。根据后文“ he was simply trying to understand more about how the world works”推测，开始作实验时他没有具体的目标，固定搭配have sth. in mind意为“心中有目标、有想法”。 8. 考查动词。句意同上。A. instructed指示；B. trained训练；C. practicing练习；D. aiming旨在；力求。根据下文“he was simply trying to understand more about how the world works”可知，他作实验的目的也不是为了赚钱。 9. 考查名词。句意：尽管如此，他的研究为我们的现代生活方式奠定了基础。A. conclusion结论；B. foundation基础；C. source来源；D. theory理论。根据下文“Computers, satellites, the Internet, mobile phones and medical scanners all owe their existence to the fact that a scientist ____ the need to understand the world a little better.”可知，他的研究为现代生活方式奠定了基础，固定搭配lay the foundation for意为“为……奠定基础”。 10. 考查动词。句意：计算机、卫星、互联网等事物的存在，都归功于这位科学家感到有必要更好地理解世界的需求。A. met遇见；B. avoided避免；C. chose选择；D. felt感受到。根据上文“he was simply trying to understand more about how the world works.”可知，此处指科学家感到有必要更好地理解世界。 11. 考查动词。句意：麦克斯韦烛光下的实验室再次归于平静，但他激发的思想继续照亮我们的世界。A. darken使变暗；B. rule统治；C. light照亮；D. decorate装饰。根据上文“Maxwell’s candle-lit laboratory was quiet once more”和表示转折的but可知，虽然实验归于平静，但他伟大的科学思想照亮、改变世界。 12. 考查动词。句意：如今更多学生敢于提出没有明确答案的问题。A. hesitate犹豫；B. pretend假装；C. dare敢于；D. refuse拒绝。根据上文“Maxwell’s candle-lit laboratory was quiet once more, but the ideas he sparked continue to ____ our world. ”可知，他的科学精神鼓励学生敢于敢于提问。 13. 考查动词。句意：这份好奇心播下种子，可能需要数年、数十年甚至数百年才能结果。A. plants播种；B. removes移除；C. destroys破坏；D. collects收集。根据下文“bear fruits.”可知，此处指播下的种子。 14. 考查名词。句意：科学的价值不仅在于它的产出，还在于它塑造的思维模式。A. mindset思维模式；B. competition竞争；C. cooperation合作；D. history历史。根据前文“Now more students ____ to ask questions without obvious answers. ”可知，科学塑造人的思维。 15. 考查名词。句意：而这，归根结底就是科学的意义。A. challenge挑战；B. example例子；C. proof证明；D. significance意义。根据上文“What is the ____ in investigating how atoms behave or in studying stars billions of kilometres away?”可知，此处指塑造思维模式是科学的意义。 Passage 2 (2026届湖南长沙市周南中学高三考前模拟英语试题)In an era overwhelmed by digital overload, people are often trapped in a desperate rush, aimlessly pursuing efficiency and instant satisfaction. Last weekend, I 1 cut myself off from the online chaos and stepped into a quiet bookstore. Free from constant 2 and meaningless social comparisons, I 3 myself in reading and enjoyed the rare quiet that has become a 4 in modern society. This refreshing experience urged me to 5 the true essence of a well-lived life. Nowadays, many people are so 6 to virtual excitement that they fail to appreciate the beauty of real life. They drown themselves in endless information but often feel anxious and 7 . Actually, genuine happiness does not 8 from speed or material 9 . Slow living is by no means 10 to laziness or escape from reality. Instead, it is a sensible lifestyle that 11 cherishing the present moment and embracing simplicity. It teaches us to slow down, to 12 the world attentively, and to follow our inner voice. Only when we 13 from the noisy hurry can we attain lasting peace and discover the true 14 of life. To live slowly is to live purposefully. In such a fast-changing world, this is the key to 15 a meaningful and fulfilling life. 1. A. continuously B. instantly C. temporarily D. casually 2. A. joys B. distractions C. efforts D. failures 3. A. trained B. assisted C. buried D. instructed 4. A. luxury B. practice C. miracle D. conflict 5. A. take on B. resolve on C. insist on D. reflect on 6. A. opposed B. indifferent C. addicted D. sensitive 7. A. pessimistic B. empty C. awkward D. astonished 8. A. differ B. benefit C. evolve D. result 9. A. possessions B. standards C. demands D. goods 10. A. blind B. equal C. open D. opposite 11. A. pictures B. prohibits C. advocates D. avoids 12. A. perceive B. imagine C. remember D. change 13. A. gain B. suffer C. emerge D. withdraw 14. A. award B. highlight C. value D. trend 15. A. transforming B. leading C. celebrating D. assessing 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C `12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 【导语】探讨在数字过载时代，人们盲目追求效率与即时满足，作者通过周末暂别网络在书店的经历，反思慢生活本质，强调其对实现有意义生活的重要性。 1. 考查副词。句意：上周末，我暂时摆脱网络的混乱，走进一家安静的书店。A. continuously连续不断地；B. instantly立即；C. temporarily暂时地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“cut myself off from the online chaos and stepped into a quiet bookstore.”可知，作者只是在周末这一时间段摆脱网络，是暂时的行为。 2. 考查名词。句意：摆脱持续的干扰和无意义的社会比较，我沉浸在阅读中，享受这在现代社会已成为一种奢侈的难得宁静。A. joys快乐；B. distractions干扰；C. efforts努力；D. failures失败。根据前文“In an era overwhelmed by digital overload, people are often trapped in a desperate rush, aimlessly pursuing efficiency and instant satisfaction.”可知，在网络环境下，人们常受到各种干扰，这里指摆脱这些干扰。 3. 考查动词。句意：同上。A. trained训练；B. assisted协助；C. buried使沉浸；D. instructed指导。根据后文“myself in reading and enjoyed the rare quiet”可知，作者沉浸在阅读中。bury oneself in是固定搭配，意为“埋头于，专心于”，这里指专心阅读。 4. 考查名词。句意：同上。A. luxury奢侈，难得的享受；B. practice实践；C. miracle奇迹；D. conflict冲突。根据前文“enjoyed the rare quiet”以及后文“in modern society.”在充满数字干扰的现代社会，能享受安静阅读是很难得的，如同一种奢侈。 5. 考查动词短语。句意：这种耳目一新的经历促使我反思美好生活的真正本质。A. take on承担，呈现；B. resolve on决定；C. insist on坚持；D. reflect on反思。根据前文“This refreshing experience”可知，作者通过这次经历思考生活的本质。 6. 考查形容词。句意：如今，许多人对虚拟的刺激如此上瘾，以至于他们无法欣赏现实生活的美好。A. opposed反对的；B. indifferent冷漠的；C. addicted上瘾的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据前文“Nowadays”以及后文“virtual excitement that they fail to appreciate the beauty of real life.”可知，很多人沉迷虚拟刺激。 7. 考查形容词。句意：他们淹没在无尽的信息中，但常常感到焦虑和空虚。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. empty空虚的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. astonished惊讶的。根据前文“anxious”可知，人们感到空虚。 8. 考查动词。句意：实际上，真正的幸福并非源于速度或物质财富。A. differ有区别；B. benefit受益；C. evolve进化；D. result源于。根据前文“Actually, genuine happiness”以及后文“ from speed or material ”可知，这里幸福的来源。 9. 考查名词。句意：同上。A. possessions财产，所有物；B. standards标准；C. demands需求；D. goods商品。根据常识可知，物质财富不是幸福的来源。 10. 考查形容词。句意：慢生活绝不等同于懒惰或逃避现实。A. blind盲目的；B. equal相等的，等同的；C. open开放的；D. opposite相反的。根据后文“Instead, it is a sensible lifestyle that _____ cherishing the present moment and embracing simplicity.”可知，慢生活是一种明智的生活方式，不等同于懒惰。 11. 考查动词。句意：相反，它是一种明智的生活方式，倡导珍惜当下，拥抱简单。A. pictures描绘；B. prohibits禁止；C. advocates倡导；D. avoids避免。根据后文“embracing simplicity”可知，慢生活理念倡导珍惜当下等。 12. 考查动词。句意：它教导我们放慢脚步，用心感知世界，追随内心的声音。A. perceive感知，察觉；B. imagine想象；C. remember记住；D. change改变。根据后文“the world attentively, and to follow our inner voice”可知，放慢脚步去用心感受世界。 13. 考查动词。句意：只有当我们从喧嚣的匆忙中抽身，我们才能获得持久的平静，发现生活的真正价值。A. gain获得；B. suffer遭受；C. emerge出现；D. withdraw撤退，抽身。根据后文“can we attain lasting peace and discover the true _____ of life.”可知，这里指从忙碌生活中抽身。 14. 考查名词。句意：同上。A. award奖励；B. highlight亮点；C. value价值；D. trend趋势。根据前文“can we attain lasting peace”可知，从喧嚣的匆忙中抽身有助于发现生活真正的价值。 15. 考查动词。句意：在这样一个快速变化的世界里，这是过上有意义、充实生活的关键。A. transforming转变；B. leading引领，过(某种生活)；C. celebrating庆祝；D. assessing评估。根据后文“a meaningful and fulfilling life.”可知，这里指过上有意义、充实生活的关键。lead a... life是“过……的生活”的意思。 Passage 3 (2026届安徽合肥市第六中学高三最后一卷英语试题)The days that make us happy make us wise. — by John Masefield When I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it 1 me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the 2 was true. But his serious assurance was 3 . I was deeply attracted by it. Slowly, I seemed to 4 his meaning and realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception(洞察力), not 5 by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind 6 caused by fear. Active happiness — not mere satisfaction or 7 — often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has 8 it. Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the 9 of your friends are more understandable, and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your 10 vision. Nor are the 11 of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts focused on your emotional woes(痛苦), your vision is cut short as though blocked by a wall. Happy, the wall 12 . Consequently, the long vision is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you — people, thoughts, emotions, pressures — are now 13 a larger scene. Everything 14 a fairer proportion(比例). Everything around you, whether it is encouraging or frustrating, no longer seems such a big deal. And here is the beginning of 15 . 1. A. terrified B. surprised C. satisfied D. upset 2. A. other B. opposite C. view D. former 3. A. distracting B. confusing C. arresting D. disturbing 4. A. convey B. observe C. analyse D. appreciate 5. A. iced B. clouded C. rained D. snowed 6. A. spots B. paths C. roads D. places 7. A. entertainment B. sorrow C. disappointment D. fulfillment 8. A. embraced B. interrupted C. accompanied D. survived 9. A. shortcomings B. stupidity C. brightness D. memories 10. A. physical B. ordinary C. spiritual D. daily 11. A. expectations B. impressions C. adventures D. insights 12. A. extended B. collapsed C. remained D. withdrew 13. A. fitted into B. got out C. stayed on D. kept off 14. A. forms B. promises C. needs D. covers 15. A. happiness B. ability C. wisdom D. life 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】文章介绍了作者品读名言 “快乐的日子使人睿智”，感悟快乐能扫清内心负面情绪、开阔眼界、提升洞察力，最终催生智慧的人生哲理。 1. 考查动词。句意：当我第一次读到这位英国桂冠诗人的这句话时，我很吃惊。A. terrified使恐惧；B. surprised使惊讶；C. satisfied使满意；D. upset使心烦。根据后文“Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the ____ was true. But his serious assurance was”可知，作者一贯的认知和名言观点相反，因此初次读到这句话心生惊讶。 2. 考查名词。句意：没有深入思考，我一直以为事实恰恰相反。A. other另外一个；B. opposite对立面，相反的人或物；C. view观点；D. former前者。根据前文“The days that make us happy make us wise.”及“It ____ me”可知，名言和作者固有想法相悖，即作者原本认为相反的观点是对的。 3. 考查形容词。句意：但他笃定严谨的表述十分引人注目。A. distracting使人分心的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. arresting引人注意的；D. disturbing扰人的。根据后文“I was deeply attracted by it”可知，这句话牢牢吸引住作者。 4. 考查动词。句意：慢慢地，我似乎领会了他的深意，意识到快乐催生的智慧源于清醒的洞察力，这份洞察力不会被焦虑蒙蔽，也不会因绝望与无聊变得黯淡，也没有因恐惧造成的认知盲区。A. convey传达；B. observe观察；C. analyse分析；D. appreciate领会、理解。根据后文“realized the wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception”可知，作者领会了这句话的内涵。 5. 考查动词。句意同上。A. iced加上糖霜；B. clouded(使)模糊、蒙蔽；C. rained下雨；D. snowed下雪。根据后文“by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom”可知，快乐带来的智慧来自清晰的洞察力，不会被焦虑蒙蔽，cloud作动词表示“使模糊、使蒙上阴影”，和dimmed呼应。 6. 考查名词。句意同上。A. spots斑点，地点；B. paths小路；C. roads大路；D. places地点。根据后文“caused by fear”可知，恐惧阻碍思考，会造成的认知盲区，blind spots是固定搭配，意为“盲区、认知盲点”。 7. 考查名词。句意：发自内心的快乐——不只是浅层的满足或成就感，往往突如其来。A. entertainment消遣娱乐；B. sorrow悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. fulfillment充实、满足感。根据前文“not mere satisfaction or”可知，此处指主动的快乐不仅仅是单纯的满足或成就感，or连接并列近义词，和satisfaction语义相近，fulfillment表示内心的满足、成就感。 8. 考查动词。句意：随后你会发现，智慧始终与快乐相伴而生。A. embraced拥抱；B. interrupted打断；C. accompanied陪伴；D. survived幸存。根据前文“The days that make us happy make us wise.”可知，快乐带来智慧，智慧伴随快乐出现。 9. 考查名词。句意：不可思议的是，在你眼中，青草愈发青翠，鸟鸣愈发悦耳，朋友身上的缺点也变得更容易理解、值得包容。A. shortcomings缺点；B. stupidity愚笨；C. brightness亮度；D. memories回忆。根据后文“more understandable, and more forgivable”可知，此处指朋友的缺点也变得更可理解、更值得原谅，符合快乐让人更宽容的语境。 10. 考查形容词。句意：快乐就像一副眼镜，矫正人精神层面的眼界。A. physical身体的；B. ordinary普通的；C. spiritual精神的；D. daily日常的。根据前文“Amazingly, in your eyes, the grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter”可知，文章讨论内心思想、洞察力，属于精神层面，此处指快乐就像眼镜，改变你看待事物的视角，纠正你精神层面的认知。 11. 考查名词。句意：快乐带来的深刻感悟不只局限于身边琐事。A. expectations期待；B. impressions印象；C. adventures冒险；D. insights深刻见解、洞察力。根据前文“Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your ____ vision.”可知，此处承接上文快乐提升洞察力，此处指快乐催生的感悟、见解不只局限于身边琐事。 12. 考查动词。句意：身处苦闷时，思绪被愁苦困住，视线如被高墙阻隔；内心愉悦时，这道阻隔的墙便轰然倒塌。A. extended延伸；B. collapsed倒塌；C. remained继续存在，仍然是；D. withdrew撤回。根据前文“Unhappy, with your thoughts focused on your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though blocked by a wall”可知，不开心有墙壁阻隔视线，开心则墙壁消失、垮塌。 13. 考查动词短语。句意：脚下的土地、周遭的世间万物——形形色色的人、思绪、心绪与各样压力——此刻都融汇进更宏大的格局之中。A. fitted into融入、归入；B. got out离开；C. stayed on继续停留；D. kept off避开。根据后文“a larger scene”可知，内心愉悦时，眼界开阔，细碎小事都被放进更大的整体格局。 14. 考查动词。句意：万事万物都拥有了更客观合理的尺度。A. forms构成；B. promises承诺；C. needs需要；D. covers覆盖、呈现。根据后文“a fairer proportion”可知，眼界开阔后看待事物更客观，也就是原本局限的认知放下后，所有事物都能呈现出更恰当的比例格局。 15. 考查名词。句意：而这，便是智慧的开端。A. happiness快乐；B. ability能力；C. wisdom智慧；D. life人生。结尾呼应开篇名言“The days that make us happy make us wise”，点明快乐带来智慧。 Passage 4 (2026届陕西省多校联考高三模拟预测英语试题)My brother is a determined shoes-off-er. I visited him recently and, within a couple of minutes, he 1 at my feet in horror. “What are those?” he asked. “These?” I replied, pointing to my trainers. “I bought them only —.” “No!” he 2 , his face red. “What are they doing in my house?” This is the best way to 3 people. There are those who hate the thought of rubber on carpet, who lie awake 4 because wearing outdoors shoes indoors breaks the natural order of things. Then there are normal people like me, who really don’t care because they understand the 5 of doormats. However, shoes-off-ers might be on to something. A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Houston has shown that 26.4% of shoes 6 the bacteria of Clostridium difficile. Work on a 7 ? A 2014 study concluded that considering the herds you raise your boots are almost certainly covered in E. coli. They are definitely 8 guests to your living rooms. But I’m going to 9 myself. Sure, it might be more hygienic(卫生的) to remove your shoes at the door, but only to a small extent. By all accounts, there is a 10 chance you will get ill when someone is wearing shoes in your living room. And if you have got young kids, who rush in and out of the house without 11 at the first sign of the sun, it’s much more practical to keep your shoes on. Not to mention 12 : Fewer things inspire more pity than the sight of adults 13 bending themselves into knots as they attempt to do up their shoelaces in a narrow hallway at the 14 of a night. True, the answer to both of these problems is slippers. But given the choice of slippers or E. coli, I’ll 15 the latter every time. 1. A. shot B. gestured C. pulled D. leapt 2. A. protested B. murmured C. laughed D. sighed 3. A. bully B. relieve C. split D. understand 4. A. singing B. reflecting C. chewing D. panicking 5. A. point B. category C. price D. condition 6. A. eliminate B. challenge C. carry D. change 7. A. roof B. farm C. ship D. playground 8. A. decent B. charming C. selfish D. unwelcome 9. A. put up with B. look out for C. get along with D. stand up for 10. A. fat B. good C. high D. real 11. A. company B. enthusiasm C. warning D. collaboration 12. A. dignity B. exhaustion C. complexity D. politeness 13. A. gracefully B. painfully C. voluntarily D. creatively 14. A. start B. end C. height D. cost 15. A. refuse B. avoid C. upgrade D. take 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D 【导语】本文主要讨论了关于是否应该在室内脱鞋的问题。作者通过描述自己与坚持脱鞋的弟弟的互动，引出了不同人对室内穿鞋的看法，并探讨了科学研究对室内穿鞋可能带来的卫生问题的观点，最终作者表达了自己对室内穿鞋的立场。 1. 考查动词。句意：我最近去拜访他，没过几分钟，他就惊恐地对着我的脚示意。A.shot射击；B.gestured示意、做手势；C.pulled拉；D.leapt跳跃。根据后文“his face red. ‘What are they doing in my house?’”弟弟质问鞋子的内容可知，他用手势指向作者的鞋子，gestured符合语境。 2. 考查动词。句意：“不！”他抗议道，脸红了。A. protested抗议；B. murmured低语；C. laughed笑；D. sighed叹气。根据后文“his face red. ‘What are they doing in my house?’”可知，弟弟对作者在室内穿鞋表示抗议，脸都红了。 3. 考查动词。句意：这是区分人的最好方法。A. bully欺负；B. relieve缓解；C. split区分；D. understand理解。根据后文“There are those who hate the thought of rubber on carpet, who lie awake ____ because wearing outdoors shoes indoors breaks the natural order of things.”可知，此处指通过是否在室内脱鞋来区分人。 4. 考查动词。句意：有些人讨厌地毯上有橡胶，他们因为室内穿户外鞋打破了事物的自然秩序而惊慌失措地睡不着觉。A. singing唱歌；B. reflecting反思；C. chewing咀嚼；D. panicking惊慌。根据上文“who lie awake”以及后文“because wearing outdoors shoes indoors breaks the natural order of things”可知，有些人因为室内穿户外鞋打破了事物的自然秩序而惊慌失措地睡不着觉。 5. 考查名词。句意：还有一些像我这样的正常人，他们真的不在乎，因为他们明白门垫的作用。A. point要点，意义；B. category类别；C. price价格；D. condition条件。根据上文“who really don’t care because they understand the”以及后文“of doormats”可知，门垫的“用途/意义”就是用来蹭掉鞋底灰尘的，所以“我们”认为没必要非脱鞋不可。understand the point of sth. 意为“理解某物的意义/用途”。 6. 考查动词。句意：休斯顿大学的研究人员最近进行的一项研究表明，26.4%的鞋子携带艰难梭菌的细菌。A. eliminate消除；B. challenge挑战；C. carry携带；D. change改变。根据后文“the bacteria of Clostridium difficile”可知，此处指鞋子携带艰难梭菌的细菌。 7. 考查名词。句意：在农场工作？A. roof屋顶；B. farm农场；C. ship船；D. playground操场。根据后文“considering the herds you raise your boots are almost certainly covered in E. coli”可知，此处指在农场工作，因为农场有牲畜，所以靴子上很可能覆盖着大肠杆菌。 8. 考查形容词。句意：它们绝对是客厅中不受欢迎的来客。A. decent得体的；B. charming迷人的；C. selfish自私的；D. unwelcome不受欢迎的。根据上文“are almost certainly covered in E. coli”可知，靴子上覆盖着大肠杆菌，所以是不受欢迎的客人。 9. 考查动词短语。句意：但我要为自己辩护。A. put up with忍受；B. look out for留意；C. get along with与……相处；D. stand up for支持，为……辩护。根据后文“Sure, it might be more hygienic (卫生的) to remove your shoes at the door, but only to a small extent.”可知，作者认为在门口脱鞋可能更卫生，但只是在很小程度上，所以此处指作者要为自己在室内穿鞋的行为辩护。 10. 考查形容词。句意：人人都说，当有人在你的客厅里穿着鞋时，你生病的可能性很小。A. fat肥胖的；(几率)微小的；B. good好的；C. high高的；D. real真实的。根据后文“chance you will get ill when someone is wearing shoes in your living room”以及“it’s much more practical to keep your shoes on”可知，作者认为在客厅穿鞋生病的可能性很小，所以更实际的是继续穿鞋。a fat chance是固定习语，意为“机会很小”。 11. 考查名词。句意：如果你有小孩，他们一看到太阳出来就冲进冲出房子，连个招呼都不打，那么穿着鞋要实用得多。A.company 陪伴；B.enthusiasm 热情；C.warning 预兆、预告；D.collaboration 合作。根据上文“who rush in and out of the house without”以及后文“at the first sign of the sun”可知，孩子活泼好动，此处应指他们进出频繁，甚至不“提前说一声/提醒一下”。without warning意为“没有预先通知/突然地”，贴合孩子随性跑动的特点。 12. 考查名词。句意：更不用说体面问题了：没有什么比看到成年人在夜晚结束之时在狭窄的走廊里痛苦地弯腰系鞋带更让人同情的了。A. dignity体面、尊严；B. exhaustion疲惫；C. complexity复杂性；D. politeness礼貌。根据后文“Fewer things inspire more pity than the sight of adults ____  bending themselves into knots as they attempt to do up their shoelaces in a narrow hallway at the ____ of a night.”可知，此处指成年人在晚上狭窄的走廊里弯腰系鞋带是失去体面的表现。 13. 考查副词。句意：更不用说体面问题了：没有什么比看到成年人在夜晚结束之时在狭窄的走廊里痛苦地弯腰系鞋带更让人同情的了。A. gracefully优雅地；B. painfully痛苦地；C. voluntarily自愿地；D. creatively有创造力地。根据上文“Fewer things inspire more pity than the sight of adults”以及后文“bending themselves into knots as they attempt to do up their shoelaces”可知，此处指成年人在晚上狭窄的走廊里痛苦地弯腰系鞋带。 14. 考查名词。句意：更不用说体面问题了：没有什么比看到成年人在夜晚结束之时在狭窄的走廊里痛苦地弯腰系鞋带更让人同情的了。A. start开始；B. end结束；C. height高度；D. cost成本。根据上文“at the”以及后文“of a night”可知，此处指在晚上结束的时候，at the end of a night表示“夜晚结束、深夜”。 15. 考查动词。句意：但是，如果在拖鞋和大肠杆菌之间做出选择，我每次都会选择后者。A. refuse拒绝；B. avoid避免；C. upgrade升级；D. take选择，拿。根据上文“But given the choice of slippers or E. coli”以及后文“the latter every time”以及全文作者的观点可知，此处指在拖鞋和大肠杆菌之间做出选择，作者幽默地表示每次都会选择后者，即继续穿鞋。 Passage 5 (2026届四川成都市彭州市彭州中学期末考试)The term “water master’s degree” — or “shuoshui” in Chinese — has become a lightning rod in discussions about higher education. It refers to one-year master’s programs, particularly those offered by some UK and Australian universities, that critics 1 as academically undemanding cash cows. The implication is clear: these degrees are 2 , offering little real learning while costing a fortune. But is this reputation 3 ? The one-year master’s model is fundamentally different from China’s three-year research-based master’s degree. Where Chinese programs emphasize lengthy thesis writing and 4 research training, UK-style taught master’s degrees compress the same amount of content into an intense 12-month sprint. Students attend lectures, complete assignments, write a dissertation — all without the long summer 5 that characterizes Chinese undergraduate education. A typical week might involve 30 — 40 hours of classes and independent study. Critics argue that the 6 duration makes it impossible to develop deep expertise. They point to students who graduate without strong research skills or who struggle to 7 their one-year degree to a competitive job market. Some employers have reportedly begun 8 these degrees, favoring candidates with two-year or three-year Chinese master’s degrees instead. 9 , defenders of the one-year model make several compelling arguments. First, for students pursuing professional careers rather than academia, intensive coursework may be more 10 than years of open-ended research. A one-year finance master’s degree, for example, can provide specific, marketable skills. Second, the shorter duration means lower opportunity 11 — students return to the workforce faster. Third, many of these programs are genuinely rigorous. The University of Oxford’s one-year master’s degrees, for instance, are 12 world-renowned. The real issue may not be the length of the degree but the 13 of the institution and the student’s intentions. A one-year program at a top university, pursued by a motivated student, can be transformative. The same degree from a diploma mill, 14 by someone seeking an easy credential, is indeed a “water master’s.” The term, perhaps, should be applied to programs based on their academic honesty and rigor — not simply their 15 . 1. A. celebrate B. dismiss C. analyze D. advertise 2. A. superficial B. innovative C. affordable D. essential 3. A. earned B. exaggerated C. deserved D. overlooked 4. A. limited B. superficial C. extensive D. theoretical 5. A. vacation B. assignment C. exam D. training 6. A. flexible B. standard C. extended D. compressed 7. A. apply B. reduce C. leverage D. sacrifice 8. A. valuing B. devaluing C. recognizing D. promoting 9. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. Nevertheless 10. A. valuable B. relaxing C. expensive D. traditional 11. A. cost B. time C. energy D. risk 12. A. hardly B. universally C. rarely D. questionably 13. A. location B. age C. quality D. popularity 14. A. designed B. pursued C. funded D. rejected 15. A. duration B. reputation C. location D. cost 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了关于一年制硕士项目(常被贬称为“水硕”)的争议，分析了其特点、批评与辩护的观点，并指出真正的问题不在于学位长度，而在于学校质量和学生意图。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它指的是一年制的硕士项目，尤其是一些英国和澳大利亚大学提供的项目，批评者认为这些项目是学术要求不高的摇钱树。A. celebrate庆祝；B. dismiss解散，摒弃，认为……不重要；C. analyze分析；D. advertise做广告。根据后文“as academically undemanding cash cows”可知，批评者认为这些项目是学术要求不高的摇钱树，所以此处表示“批评者认为这些项目不重要”，故选B。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其含义很明确：这些学位是肤浅的，花费巨大却学不到多少真正的东西。A. superficial肤浅的；B. innovative创新的；C. affordable负担得起的；D. essential基本的。根据后文“offering little real learning while costing a fortune”可知，这些学位花费巨大却学不到多少真正的东西，所以是肤浅的，故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种声誉是应得的吗？A. earned赢得，应得；B. exaggerated夸大；C. deserved应得；D. overlooked忽视。根据后文对一年制硕士项目的详细分析可知，此处是在质疑这种声誉是否是应得的，deserved，则语气不如earned强烈，且earned更常用于描述通过努力或行为获得的声誉，表示这种声誉是否是它们通过自身特点“赢得”的，故选A。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国的项目强调冗长的论文写作和广泛的研究培训，而英国式的教学型硕士则将相同的内容压缩到紧张的12个月内完成。A. limited有限的；B. superficial肤浅的；C. extensive广泛的；D. theoretical理论的。根据前文“Chinese programs emphasize lengthy thesis writing”可知，中国的硕士项目强调冗长的论文写作，所以此处表示广泛的研究培训，与lengthy相对应，故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们上课、完成作业、写论文——所有这些都没有中国本科教育特有的漫长暑假。A. vacation假期；B. assignment作业；C. exam考试；D. training培训。根据后文“that characterizes Chinese undergraduate education”以及常识可知，中国本科教育有漫长的暑假，故选A。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：批评者认为，压缩的学制使得学生不可能发展出深厚的专业知识。A. flexible灵活的；B. standard标准的；C. extended延长的；D. compressed压缩的。根据前文“compress the same amount of content into an intense 12-month sprint”可知，一年制硕士项目将相同的内容压缩到12个月内完成，所以学制是压缩的，故选D。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们指出，有些学生毕业时没有很强的研究能力，或者在竞争激烈的就业市场中难以利用他们的一年制学位。A. apply申请；B. reduce减少；C. leverage利用；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据后文“their one-year degree to a competitive job market”可知，此处表示在竞争激烈的就业市场中使用他们的一年制学位是很难的，故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据报道，一些雇主已经开始贬低这些学位，转而青睐拥有两年或三年制中国硕士学位的候选人。A. valuing重视；B. devaluing贬低；C. recognizing认出；D. promoting提升。根据后文“favoring candidates with two-year or three-year Chinese master’s degrees instead”可知，雇主更青睐拥有两年或三年制中国硕士学位的候选人，所以此处表示贬低一年制学位，故选B。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一年制硕士项目的支持者提出了几个有说服力的论点。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. Nevertheless然而。根据后文“ defenders of the one-year model make several compelling arguments”和前文提到批评者对一年制硕士项目的看法，后文提到支持者的论点，前后构成转折关系，故选D。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，对于那些追求职业而非学术生涯的学生来说，密集的课程可能比多年的开放式研究更有价值。A. valuable有价值的；B. relaxing放松的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. traditional传统的。根据后文“A one-year finance master’s degree, for example, can provide specific, marketable skills.”可知，一年制金融硕士学位可以提供特定的、可销售的技能，所以密集的课程可能更有价值，故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，学制更短意味着机会成本更低——学生能更快地重返职场。A. cost成本；B. time时间；C. energy精力；D. risk风险。根据后文“students return to the workforce faster”可知，学生能更快地重返职场，所以机会成本更低，故选A。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，牛津大学的一年制硕士学位普遍享有世界声誉。A. hardly几乎不；B. universally普遍地；C. rarely很少地；D. questionably可疑地。根据前文“many of these programs are genuinely rigorous”以及牛津大学的知名度可知，牛津大学的一年制硕士学位普遍享有世界声誉，故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：真正的问题可能不在于学位的长度，而在于学校的质量和学生的意图。A. location位置；B. age年龄；C. quality质量；D. popularity流行度。根据后文“A one-year program at a top university, pursued by a motivated student, can be transformative.”以及“The same degree from a diploma mill”可知，真正的问题在于学校的质量和学生的意图，故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果一个动机不纯的学生为了轻松获得文凭而攻读这个学位，那么它确实就是一个“水硕”。A. designed设计；B. pursued追求，攻读；C. funded资助；D. rejected拒绝。根据后文“by someone seeking an easy credential”可知，此处表示一个动机不纯的学生为了轻松获得文凭而攻读这个学位，故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：或许，这个术语应该根据项目的学术诚信和严谨性来应用，而不仅仅是根据学制长度。A. duration持续时间，学制长度；B. reputation声誉；C. location位置；D. cost成本。根据前文“The real issue may not be the length of the degree”可知，真正的问题可能不在于学位的长度，所以此处表示这个术语应该不仅仅根据学制长度来应用，故选A。 Passage 6 (2025-2026学年福建福州市鼓楼区福州第一中学第一学期第二学段模块考试高三英语学科期末试题)As an actress, the question I am most often asked is:“What do you really do for UNICEF?” My task is to inform, and to create 1 of children’s needs. There remains a critical need to 2 children suffering from malnutrition and disease. One does not need special training to recognize the 3 of severe vitamin A deficiency — a condition that leads to blindness and often death. Annually, countless children in developing regions are 4 . Thus, I travel not merely to raise money, but to tear down a dangerous 5 : the belief that helping is difficult. In reality, for just 84 cents a year — the 6 of two vitamin A capsules — a child’s sight can be preserved. My previous experiences 7 me to UNICEF. As a child who received its lifesaving support in postwar Europe, I was once faced with extreme poverty, a reality 8 in many communities today. Poverty, which is a 9 crisis, lies at the root of this 10 . It spreads quietly in remote villages and 11 communities. Across more than 100 countries, UNICEF witnesses its severe impact 12 a child. If we are meant to “love thy (your) neighbour as thyself”, then we should 13 these children as our own for they are our most vital resource. They are too 14 to wait for an economic crisis to pass. The moment is now. Every child 15 health, tenderness, and a future filled with promise. 1. A. awareness B. intention C. phenomenon D. opinion 2. A. make up for B. wait for C. speak up for D. long for 3. A. cause B. result C. cure D. theory 4. A. saved B. affected C. abandoned D. checked 5. A. myth B. cycle C. rule D. record 6. A. value B. amount C. price D. package 7. A. tied B. compared C. limited D. dragged 8. A. shaped B. absorbed C. eliminated D. mirrored 9. A. sudden B. visible C. silent D. urgent 10. A. beginning B. bias C. suffering D. sacrifice 11. A. confused B. ignored C. recovered D. stuffed 12. A. in the eyes of B. at the risk of C. as a result of D. on behalf of 13. A. protect B. teach C. acknowledge D. treat 14. A. sensitive B. cautious C. weak D. critical 15. A. deserves B. ensures C. enjoys D. guarantees 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了儿童面临的营养和健康问题，强调了帮助这些孩子的重要性，呼吁人们关注并采取行动改善儿童的生活状况。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的任务是告知人们，并提高人们对儿童需求的认识。A. awareness意识；B. intention意图；C. phenomenon现象；D. opinion观点。根据上文“As an actress, the question I am most often asked is:“What do you really do for UNICEF?””可知作为公众人物，作者的任务是告知人们，提高人们对儿童需求的认识。create awareness of表示“提高……的意识”。故选A。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：仍然迫切需要为遭受营养不良和疾病的儿童发声。A. make up for弥补；B. wait for等待；C. speak up for为……发声；D. long for渴望。根据上文“My task is to inform, and to create ____ of children’s needs.”和下文“children suffering from malnutrition and disease”可知，此处指为遭受营养不良和疾病的儿童发声。故选C。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们不需要特殊训练就能认识到严重缺乏维生素A的结果——一种导致失明甚至死亡的状况。A. cause原因；B. result结果；C. cure治愈；D. theory理论。根据下文“a condition that leads to blindness and often death”可知，此处指严重缺乏维生素A的结果。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，发展中国家都有无数的儿童受到影响。A. saved拯救；B. affected影响；C. abandoned抛弃；D. checked检查。根据上文“One does not need special training to recognize the ____ of severe vitamin A deficiency — a condition that leads to blindness and often death.”可知，发展中国家每年都有无数的儿童受到缺乏维生素A的影响。故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我旅行不仅仅是为了筹集资金，而是为了打破一个危险的谬论：帮助是困难的。A. myth谬论；B. cycle循环；C. rule规则；D. record记录。根据下文“the belief that helping is difficult”和常识可知，此处指打破一个危险的谬论。故选A。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，每年只需84美分——两粒维生素A胶囊的价格——就可以保护一个孩子的视力。A. value价值；B. amount数量；C. price价格；D. package包裹。根据上文“for just 84 cents a year”和下文“of two vitamin A capsules”可知，此处指两粒维生素A胶囊的价格。故选C。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以前的经历使我和联合国儿童基金会联系在一起。A. tied联系；B. compared比较；C. limited限制；D. dragged拖。根据下文“As a child who received its lifesaving support in postwar Europe, I was once faced with extreme poverty”可知，作者小时候在战后欧洲接受过联合国儿童基金会的救命支持，所以作者以前的经历使她和联合国儿童基金会联系在一起。故选A。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个在战后欧洲接受过其救命支持的孩子，我曾经面临过极端贫困，这一现实反映在在今天的许多社区中。A. shaped塑造；B. absorbed吸收；C. eliminated消除；D. mirrored反映、映射。根据下文“in many communities today”可知，此处指这一现实反映在今天的许多社区中，和作者当年贫困的情况一样，所以作者才会想要帮助这些孩子，即反映了这一现实。故选D。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贫困是一场无声的危机，是这种苦难的根源。A. sudden突然的；B. visible可见的；C. silent无声的；D. urgent紧急的。根据下文“It spreads quietly in remote villages”可知，贫困是一场无声的危机。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贫困是一场无声的危机，是这种苦难的根源。A. beginning开始；B. bias偏见；C. suffering苦难；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据上文“children suffering from malnutrition and disease”可知，此处指贫困是儿童遭受营养不良和疾病的根源，即这种苦难的根源。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它在偏远的村庄和被忽视的社区悄然蔓延。A. confused使困惑；B. ignored忽视；C. recovered恢复；D. stuffed塞满。根据上文“It spreads quietly in remote villages”以及常识可知，此处指贫困在偏远的村庄和被忽视的社区悄然蔓延。故选B。 12. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：在100多个国家，联合国儿童基金会从孩子们的眼睛里见证了它(贫困)的严重影响。A. in the eyes of在……眼中；B. at the risk of冒着……的风险；C. as a result of由于；D. on behalf of代表。根据前文“It spreads quietly in remote villages and ____ communities. ”可知贫困在很多偏远的村庄和被忽视的社区仍然存在并且贫困会造成儿童的营养不良和疾病，所以救助儿童的联合国儿童基金会从孩子们的眼睛里见证了它(贫困)的严重影响。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们注定要“爱邻如己”，那么我们就应该把这些孩子当作自己的孩子来对待，因为他们是我们最重要的资源。A. protect保护；B. teach教；C. acknowledge承认；D. treat对待。根据上文“love thy (your) neighbour as thyself”以及下文“these children as our own”可知，此处指我们应该把这些孩子当作自己的孩子来对待。故选D。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们太脆弱了，等不起经济危机的过去。A. sensitive敏感的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. weak虚弱的；D. critical批评的。根据上文“children suffering from malnutrition and disease”以及常识可知，此处指这些遭受营养不良和疾病的孩子们身体太脆弱了。故选C。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子都应该得到健康、关爱和一个充满希望的未来。A. deserves应得；B. ensures确保；C. enjoys享受；D. guarantees保证。根据下文“health, tenderness, and a future filled with promise”可知，此处指每个孩子都应该得到健康、关爱和一个充满希望的未来，强调孩子应当由这样的权利。故选A。 6 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $