专题16 句子成分（专项训练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦句子成分划分与长难句理解，构建“基础-重难-真题”三阶训练体系，融合语法规则与语篇应用，提升语言分析与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|2考向（简单句划分、翻译）|句子成分划分步骤、句意理解策略|从基本句子成分概念切入，建立“主谓宾定状补”认知框架| |重难·创新演练|2组复杂句划分+10句翻译|复杂句分层分析法（含从句/非谓语）、语境翻译技巧|由简单句拓展至复杂结构，强化修饰成分与逻辑关系分析| |真题·实战演练|2篇真题长难句|倒装/省略/后置定语等语法点识别、长难句拆解技巧|结合真题语篇，实现语法知识向语篇理解的迁移应用|

第16讲 句子成分 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 1 真题·实战演练 2 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：句子成分划分、句意理解 考向01句子成分划分 划分句子成分。 （2026·全国I卷 B篇）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. 考向02句意理解 翻译句子 （2026·全国I卷 D篇）Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 句子理解 一、划分句子成分 1. Confidence brings people endless strength. 2. We treasure every precious chance in life. 3. Regular exercise keeps our body healthy. 4. Kindness makes the world warmer and brighter. 5. Every effort deserves sincere praise. 6. We learn knowledge and improve ourselves every day. 7. The future looks hopeful and promising. 8. Good habits shape our excellent personalities. 9. Friends always support us in difficult times. 10. Positive thoughts change our attitudes towards life. 第二组 划分复杂句子成分 1. The courage to face failures helps teenagers grow steadily in their lives. 2. We all know that teamwork can improve our learning efficiency greatly. 3. The skills learned in daily practice will benefit us in the long run. 4. While we pursue dreams, we should never forget our original intentions. 5. The charity activities held last month attracted hundreds of student volunteers. 6. Anyone who dares to challenge difficulties will finally achieve self-improvement. 7. It is of great value for students to participate in various social practices. 8. The belief that persistence leads to success encourages countless young people. 9. If we combine learning with thinking, we can make greater progress. 10. The valuable spirits contained in traditional culture deserve lifelong learning. 三、翻译句子 1. Self-discipline is the foundation of personal growth and success. 2. Proper pressure can motivate students to make continuous progress. 3. Inheriting traditional culture is the duty of every Chinese teenager. 4. Outdoor activities can broaden our horizons and enrich our life experience. 5. A positive mindset enables us to overcome various difficulties in study. 6. Modern technology has greatly changed people’s ways of communication. 7. Keeping promises is an essential quality for every qualified citizen. 8. Social practice offers us a chance to connect theory with reality. 9. Mutual respect and understanding build a harmonious interpersonal relationship. 10. Sticking to lifelong learning helps us keep pace with the developing society. 真题·实战演练 高频考点：理解长难句 一、划分句子成分 （2026 全国II卷 D篇）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 1. Little置于句首：句子必须部分倒装，是改错、语法填空高频考点； 2. while doing：省略主语+be动词，主语与主句主语一致才可省略； 3. 多层后置定语：of/to 介词短语后置修饰名词，是阅读长难句核心难点； 4. help sb. (to) do / make sth. adj：宾补固定结构，句式判定关键。 二、理解文章 （2026 全国I卷 C篇）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第16讲 句子成分 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 2 真题·实战演练 6 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：句子成分划分、句意理解 考向01句子成分划分 划分句子成分。 （2026·全国I卷 B篇）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. 【答案】 Not long ago（Adv 时间状语） my fifth-grade（Att 前置定语，修饰 son） son Kevin（S 主语，Kevin 是 son 同位语） asked（V 谓语，实义动词） me（O1 间接宾语） about the meaning of a word in a novel（O2 介词短语作直接宾语） of a word（后置 Att 修饰 meaning） in a novel（后置 Att 修饰 word）【解析】考查并列复合句的连词。句意：你的身心合一。本空连接并列名词mind和body，用并列连词and。 考向02句意理解 翻译句子 （2026·全国I卷 D篇）Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. 【答案】参与者被随机分为两组：“审美组” 需要主动思考所见每一件物品的美感，随后对其美感进行评分；而对照组只需将物品的线条草图与对应的艺术作品原图进行匹配即可。 【解析】 重点单词 & 短语（高考 / 阅读高频） randomly /ˈrændəmli/adv. 随机地 be divided into 被划分为…… rate /reɪt/v. 评分、评级 line drawing 线条草图、线稿 artwork n. 艺术作品、原图 句式简析（长难句考点） 整句为 并列复合句，while 连接两组实验对比（表对比转折） they viewed 是定语从句，省略 that，修饰 object 前半句主干：group was asked to consider and rate the beauty 后半句主干：control group matched drawing with artwork 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 句子理解 一、划分句子成分 1. Confidence brings people endless strength. 2. We treasure every precious chance in life. 3. Regular exercise keeps our body healthy. 4. Kindness makes the world warmer and brighter. 5. Every effort deserves sincere praise. 6. We learn knowledge and improve ourselves every day. 7. The future looks hopeful and promising. 8. Good habits shape our excellent personalities. 9. Friends always support us in difficult times. 10. Positive thoughts change our attitudes towards life. 答案 1. Confidence brings people endless strength. 成分：Confidence(S) / brings(V) / people(O1间接宾语) / endless(Att) / strength(O2直接宾语) 翻译：自信带给人们无穷的力量。 2. We treasure every precious chance in life. 成分：We(S) / treasure(V) / every precious(Att) / chance(O) / in life(Adv) 翻译：我们珍惜生命中每一次宝贵的机会。 3. Regular exercise keeps our body healthy. 成分：Regular(Att) / exercise(S) / keeps(V) / our body(O) / healthy(C) 翻译：规律的运动让我们的身体健康。 4. Kindness makes the world warmer and brighter. 成分：Kindness(S) / makes(V) / the world(O) / warmer and brighter(C) 翻译：善意让世界更加温暖明亮。 5. Every effort deserves sincere praise. 成分：Every(Att) / effort(S) / deserves(V) / sincere(Att) / praise(O) 翻译：每一份努力都值得真诚的肯定。 6. We learn knowledge and improve ourselves every day. 成分：We(S) / learn(V) / knowledge(O) / and / improve(V) / ourselves(O) / every day(Adv) 翻译：我们每天学习知识、提升自我。 7. The future looks hopeful and promising. 成分：The(Att) / future(S) / looks(系V) / hopeful and promising(P) 翻译：未来充满希望、前景可期。 8. Good habits shape our excellent personalities. 成分：Good(Att) / habits(S) / shape(V) / our excellent(Att) / personalities(O) 翻译：良好的习惯塑造我们优秀的品格。 9. Friends always support us in difficult times. 成分：Friends(S) / always(Adv) / support(V) / us(O) / in difficult times(Adv) 翻译：朋友总会在困境中支持我们。 10. Positive thoughts change our attitudes towards life. 成分：Positive(Att) / thoughts(S) / change(V) / our(Att) / attitudes(O) / towards life(后置Att) 翻译：积极的想法改变我们的生活态度。 第二组 划分复杂句子成分 1. The courage to face failures helps teenagers grow steadily in their lives. 2. We all know that teamwork can improve our learning efficiency greatly. 3. The skills learned in daily practice will benefit us in the long run. 4. While we pursue dreams, we should never forget our original intentions. 5. The charity activities held last month attracted hundreds of student volunteers. 6. Anyone who dares to challenge difficulties will finally achieve self-improvement. 7. It is of great value for students to participate in various social practices. 8. The belief that persistence leads to success encourages countless young people. 9. If we combine learning with thinking, we can make greater progress. 10. The valuable spirits contained in traditional culture deserve lifelong learning. 参考答案 1. The courage to face failures helps teenagers grow steadily in their lives. 成分：The(Att) / courage(S) / to face failures(后置Att) / helps(V) / teenagers(O) / grow steadily(C) / in their lives(Adv) 翻译：直面失败的勇气助力青少年在生活中稳步成长。 2. We all know that teamwork can improve our learning efficiency greatly. 成分：We(S) / all(Adv) / know(V) / that...greatly(宾语从句作O) 翻译：我们都知道团队合作能够大幅提升我们的学习效率。 3. The skills learned in daily practice will benefit us in the long run. 成分：The(Att) / skills(S) / learned in daily practice(非谓语后置Att) / will benefit(V) / us(O) / in the long run(Adv) 翻译：在日常实践中学到的技能将让我们终身受益。 4. While we pursue dreams, we should never forget our original intentions. 成分：While we pursue dreams(时间Adv从句) / we(S) / never(Adv) / should forget(V) / our original(Att) / intentions(O) 翻译：在追逐梦想的同时，我们永远不能忘记初心。 5. The charity activities held last month attracted hundreds of student volunteers. 成分：The charity(Att) / activities(S) / held last month(非谓语后置Att) / attracted(V) / hundreds of student(Att) / volunteers(O) 翻译：上个月举办的公益活动吸引了数百名学生志愿者。 6. Anyone who dares to challenge difficulties will finally achieve self-improvement. 成分：Anyone(S) / who dares to challenge difficulties(定语从句后置Att) / will finally(Adv) / achieve(V) / self-improvement(O) 翻译：敢于挑战困难的人，终将实现自我提升。 7. It is of great value for students to participate in various social practices. 成分：It(形式主语S) / is(系V) / of great value(P) / for students(Adv) / to participate in various social practices(真正主语) 翻译：参与各类社会实践活动对学生而言极具价值。 8. The belief that persistence leads to success encourages countless young people. 成分：The(Att) / belief(S) / that persistence leads to success(同位语从句后置Att) / encourages(V) / countless(Att) / young people(O) 翻译：坚持造就成功这一信念，激励着无数年轻人。 9. If we combine learning with thinking, we can make greater progress. 成分：If we combine learning with thinking(条件Adv从句) / we(S) / can make(V) / greater(Att) / progress(O) 翻译：如果我们将学习与思考相结合，就能取得更大的进步。 10. The valuable spirits contained in traditional culture deserve lifelong learning. 成分：The valuable(Att) / spirits(S) / contained in traditional culture(非谓语后置Att) / deserve(V) / lifelong(Att) / learning(O) 翻译：传统文化中蕴含的宝贵精神值得我们终身学习。 三、翻译句子 1. Self-discipline is the foundation of personal growth and success. 2. Proper pressure can motivate students to make continuous progress. 3. Inheriting traditional culture is the duty of every Chinese teenager. 4. Outdoor activities can broaden our horizons and enrich our life experience. 5. A positive mindset enables us to overcome various difficulties in study. 6. Modern technology has greatly changed people’s ways of communication. 7. Keeping promises is an essential quality for every qualified citizen. 8. Social practice offers us a chance to connect theory with reality. 9. Mutual respect and understanding build a harmonious interpersonal relationship. 10. Sticking to lifelong learning helps us keep pace with the developing society. 参考答案 1. 自律是个人成长与成功的基石。 2. 适度的压力能够激励学生不断进步。 3. 传承传统文化是每一位中国青少年的责任。 4. 户外活动能够开阔我们的眼界，丰富我们的人生阅历。 5. 积极的心态让我们能够克服学习中的各种困难。 6. 现代科技极大地改变了人们的沟通方式。 7. 信守承诺是每一位合格公民必备的素养。 8. 社会实践为我们提供了理论联系实际的机会。 9. 相互尊重与理解能够构建和谐的人际关系。 10. 坚持终身学习，助力我们跟上社会发展的步伐。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：理解长难句 一、划分句子成分 （2026 全国II卷 D篇）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 划分句子成分 第一句 原句：The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. 整体句式：并列复合句（三个简单句由逗号、and 并列连接，主谓齐全、地位平等） 成分逐段拆分： 1. The Barcelona subway pulls into the station The Barcelona(Att 定语) / subway(S 主语) / pulls(V 谓语) / into the station(Adv 地点状语) 2. the doors slide open the(Att 定语) / doors(S 主语) / slide(V 谓语) / open(Adv 状语，表状态) 3. passengers pour out to go about their daily business passengers(S 主语) / pour out(V 谓语) / to go about their daily business(Adv 目的状语) 状语内部：their daily(Att 定语) / business(O 宾语) 中文翻译：巴塞罗那地铁驶入车站，车门滑开，乘客们蜂拥而出，开始各自的日常行程。 考点：多句并列无主次、不定式作目的状语 第二句 原句：Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. 整体句式：倒装主句 + 宾语从句（内含时间状语从句），高考超高难嵌套句式 成分逐段拆分： 1. 主句（部分倒装）：Little do they know Little(Adv 否定状语，前置引发倒装) / they(S 主语) / know(V 谓语) 2. 宾语从句（作know的宾语）：that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car 内嵌时间状语从句：as they do so（as引导 Adv 时间状语从句） 宾语从句主干：a burst of(Att 定语) / energy(S 主语) / is sent(V 被动谓语) / up to street level(Adv 地点状语) / to help charge an electric car(Adv 目的状语) 目的状语内部：charge(V) / an electric car(O 宾语) 中文翻译：他们几乎不知道，就在他们走出地铁的同时，一股能量被输送至地面，为一辆电动汽车辅助充电。 考点：否定词前置倒装、宾语从句嵌套时间状语从句、被动语态、不定式目的状语叠加 第三句 原句：Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 整体句式：主谓宾主干 + 目的状语 + while省略结构伴随状语（高考顶级长难句） 成分逐段拆分： 主干：Barcelona(S 主语) / has put together(V 谓语) / a package(Att 定语) / of clean energy technologies(后置Att 定语，修饰package) 一级目的状语：to help public transportation go greener(Adv 目的状语) 状语内部：public transportation(O 宾语) / go greener(C 宾补) 二级伴随状语：while also doing its part...market(while引导省略主谓的伴随 Adv 状语) 伴随状语并列双谓语： 1. tackle(V) / climate change(O 宾语) 2. aid(V) / Europe’s difficult shift(O 宾语) / to the privately owned electric vehicle market(后置Att 定语，修饰shift) 中文翻译：巴塞罗那整合了一套清洁能源技术方案，助力公共交通实现绿色升级，同时主动应对气候变化，助力欧洲艰难转型至私有电动汽车市场。 考点：后置定语嵌套、不定式作目的状语、while省略结构、并列动宾结构堆叠 1. Little置于句首：句子必须部分倒装，是改错、语法填空高频考点； 2. while doing：省略主语+be动词，主语与主句主语一致才可省略； 3. 多层后置定语：of/to 介词短语后置修饰名词，是阅读长难句核心难点； 4. help sb. (to) do / make sth. adj：宾补固定结构，句式判定关键。 二、理解文章 （2026 全国I卷 C篇）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 参考答案： 一直以来，纽约市积极推行拓展城市绿地的举措，每年栽种数万棵树木。这些树木能够遮阴降温、降低地表温度、吸收大量空气中的碳污染物、吸附细微颗粒物，为野生动物提供栖息地，同时装点城市、美化环境。 然而一项新研究表明，植树造林也可能存在隐患。目前纽约市大部分绿化树种为橡树和枫香树，这两类树木会大量释放一种名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但它会与车辆、建筑及工业生产排放的污染性氮氧化物快速发生反应，生成近地面臭氧 —— 这是诱发各类呼吸系统疾病的主要诱因。 哥伦比亚气候学院及多家科研机构联合开展的这项研究发现：如果纽约市后续植树继续沿用以往的树种搭配模式，未来几十年曼哈顿地区的异戊二烯排放量将上涨约 140%，夏季臭氧浓度最高将上升 30%。 该研究合著者罗欣・科曼表示：“我们完全支持增种树木，树木带来的益处数不胜数。但如果不加甄别、盲目种植，反而可能加剧空气污染。” 纽约市公园管理局并非没有注意到这一问题。该局科研人员数年前开展的一项研究就已证实，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。该局资深科学家奥云・诺文表示：“我们并未过度渲染这一问题。” 她强调，树木绝不能被视作污染源。她指出：“只要我们改变以汽车为核心的生活方式，无论种植何种树木都不会产生问题。” 奥云表示，该局不会砍伐现存的成年橡树，也不会彻底停止栽种新的橡树。“我们必须考虑这样做的代价。” 她解释道，橡树是关键核心物种，能够为本土昆虫、鸟类及其他动物提供食物和栖息场所，生态价值极高。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $