专题09 定语从句（专项训练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以“考向分类+梯度演练”构建定语从句专项训练体系，通过基础、重难、真题三级模块系统覆盖关系代词与副词核心考点，强化语言应用能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|含关系代词（who/whom/that等6类）、关系副词（where等3类）共20题|聚焦基础关系词辨析，以单空填空为主|从关系代词（指人/物/所属）到关系副词（时间/地点/原因），构建“指代对象→句法功能”认知链条| |重难·创新演练|含新情境填空4题、语法填空4篇|融合学科（社会/自然科学）与文化情境，考查that特殊用法|在基础考点上拓展语境复杂度，强化“关系词选择与篇章逻辑”关联能力| |真题·实战演练|含近5年真题及模拟题20题|覆盖北京/全国卷高频考向，突出which/that/who/where等核心词|通过真题验证考点迁移，形成“基础识别→情境应用→真题巩固”递进训练逻辑|

第09讲 定语从句 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 3 真题·实战演练 4 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：定语从句的关系代词 定语从句的关系副词 考向01 关系代词 填入一个合适的词 关系代词who/whom/that 1.（2026·北京）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 2. （2019·北京海淀区一模）However, those ____18____ don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also ____19____ (danger). 3. （2026·北京延庆区一模）He Jiaolong, a former deputy mayor of Zhaosu County in Xinjiang ____14____ dedicated herself to boosting local agriculture, became an internet celebrity. 4. （2026·北京通州区一模）Sitting down to enjoy such a meal allows us to honor those ____11____ grew the food and the effort behind it. 5. （2026·北京顺义二模）Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics. 6. The experienced professor to _________ hundreds of students turn for academic guidance will deliver a speech next Friday. 关系代词which/that 1. （2026·全国I卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2.（2026·浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 3. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon. 4.（2026·北京房山二模）Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health. 关系代词whose 1. （2026·北京东城·二模）Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 2. （2026·北京西城·二模）Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life. 3. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters. 考向02 关系副词 关系副词where 1. （2026·全国II卷）was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 57 (center) heating doesn’t exist. 2. （2026·北京石景山二模）For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants. 3. （2026·北京顺义区一模）He then started a woodworking school, ____15____ the lessons learned over a lifetime are passed on. 关系副词when 1.I still remember the exact moment ____ you realized your dream of becoming a designer. 2. There will come a day ____ all people live in peace without wars. 关系副词why 1.Could you tell me the real reason ____ he refused to take part in the volunteer activity? 2. No one knows the reason ____ she gave up the chance to study abroad last year. 重难·创新演练 设题创新:性格(P1); 修复地球(P2); 人际交往(T3)；中国文化宣传（兵马俑）（T2）； 考向创新：考查that(T3) 学科融合:社会科学(T2);自然科学(P3)；人与动物（P4） 一、填入1个合适的词 1.【学科融合:社会科学】（2026·北京丰台·一模）Heartbroken, we later stopped at a service station ____19____ a biker gang had pulled in. 2．【新情境·3D与兵马俑】（2026·四川巴中·一模）Advances in research and museum technology have enabled the Budapest exhibition ____39to introduce____ (introduce) new interpretive elements. Among them was a world-premiere 3D light projection, ____40____ restored the original colors of the Terracotta Warriors on life-size replicas (复制品). 3．【新考向·that】（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末）So, focusing on positive energy, we foster a general sense of well-being. Environment also matters. Choosing the very environment ____16____ offers calmness and inspiration, you can significantly improve your energy levels. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·性格】（2026·北京房山区·一模）Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour ____14____ make a person unique. Understanding personality allows us to predict ____15____ people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value. For example, a neurotic person feels worried more frequently than others, while an agreeable person in general feels more content. An outgoing person may jump for joy when ____16____ (face) new experiences, while a shy person may feel embarrassed in front of a large group of people. Passage 2 【新情境·修复地球】（2026·北京朝阳区·一模） Tourism is one of the world’s ____11____ (big) industries, and a highly polluting one. Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, ____12____ tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. In return, the tourists stay in renewable-powered accommodations. Critics argue that the project is just a marketing trick. But supporters believe it offers a way ____13____ (make) travel meaningful, by turning it into an opportunity to learn, connect, and contribute. Passage 3 【新情境·中国文化】（2026·辽宁沈阳·一模） I came to China to tell stories but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I ____36____ (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. ____37____ (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the highest literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor. This has opened new access to cultural exchange. Through writing and publishing, we don’t just translate words — we translate ____38____ (world). My latest book, Closer to Heaven, demonstrates many moving scenes ____39____ ordinary people are making efforts to improve their lives. Its emphasis on individual voices ____40____ (make) these stories resonate (共鸣) across cultures. I was ____41____ (particular) moved when Chinese readers said they learned about their own country through my writing. The book’s success in becoming ____42____ bestseller, as well as its translation into many languages, shows that these stories can bridge the gap ____43____ cultures. Every story we share, every book we publish, makes our world larger in ____44____ (imagine) and smaller in familiarity. And I, for one, am happy ____45____ (share) this world of words with you. Passage 4 【学科融合·人与动物】（2026·北京东城·一模）One day when a group of bees ____11____ (land) on a primary school, not surprisingly, there was panic among the teachers. Though, most of the children watched excitedly as a bee catcher rounded up the uninvited visitors. This unexpected event led to the school integrating beekeeping into the course, ____12____ has resulted in notable benefits. The children study the dance of the bees to decide ____13____ honey source is. They use honey in cooking lessons. They have even opened a school shop that ____14____ (feature) honey. Most of all, the children have become more responsible to others. 真题·实战演练 高频考点：定语从句的关系代词 定语从句的关系副词 考向01定语从句的关系代词 关系代词who/that 1. （2026·北京·语法填空）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 2. （2024·北京卷·语法填空）Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 关系代词which/that 1. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空）____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2. （2026·北京·语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 3. （2026·全国II卷·语法填空）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 4.（2026·浙江卷·语法填空）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 5. （2026·北京市西城区期末·语法填空）Now both roses stood energetic, ___13___ taught me renewal awaits even in deepest despair. 6. （2022·北京卷·语法填空）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. 7. （2021·北京卷·语法填空）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 8. （2026·广东省高州市·语法填空）Impact of The Three-Body Problem in the Overseas Decade”, ____42____ revealed global sales exceeding (超过) 30 million copies and widespread ____43____ (available) in libraries across Europe and the United States. 9. （2026·北京丰台区期末·语法填空）They found that the vibrations from the music helped stabilize the fetuses’ heart rates, ____16____ researchers said “could stimulate the development of the fetal autonomic nervous system.” 10.（2021·北京门头沟区·语法填空） When VR first ____17____ (appear) in flight simulators in 1929, it was seen as a ground-breaking technology and was once expected to revolutionize education. However, it has proven less effective for abstract knowledge ____18____ can be taught just as well traditionally. Instead, VR shines in teaching procedural skills, requiring step-by-step practice. It also excels in social settings — for example, helping ____19____ (individual) practice public speaking or nonverbal communication. Thus, the true value of VR lies not in replacing teachers, but in enhancing how society trains professionals ____20____ its complex needs. 11. 【新角度:自然科学】（2026·安徽合肥·一模） On hot summer days, when high temperatures often reduce people’s appetite, cold desserts tend to sound far more refreshing than a bowl of hot noodles. In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, ____36____ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. The name Sushan, meaning crispy mountain, originally ____37____ (come) from its shape as well as its breakable structure. It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice ____38____ (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and ____39____ (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves. During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court ____40____ (far) developed this dessert. Milk was sweetened, sometimes thickened with flour, and then iced through advanced ____41____ (cool) methods. Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), ____42____ substance that lowers the freezing point of water. This technique made it possible for the upper class to enjoy cold dishes ____43____ the fact that the weather itself was not that cold. Although Sushan was not exactly the same as modern ice cream, it shared several essential characteristics, and ____44____ (present) in a partly frozen state occasionally. It reflected not only the _____45_____ (innovate) of ancient Chinese people, but also the special status that frozen desserts held in court life. 关系代词whose 1.（2026·北京石景山区一模）Thomas, ____19____ own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to ____20unfolded____ (unflood) shelters. 2.（2026·北京海淀区期末）In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city ____14____ heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. 考向02 定语从句的关系副词 关系副词where 1. （2023·北京卷·语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 关系副词when 1. （2026·北京东城期末·语法填空）Some species have started to sing at night, ____16____ noise levels are lower. 2. （2026·北京顺义期末·语法填空）My understanding of friendship was transformed in 2024, ____17____ I met Sam. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第09讲 定语从句 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 5 真题·实战演练 10 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：定语从句的关系代词 定语从句的关系副词 考向01 关系代词 填入一个合适的词 关系代词who/whom/that 1.（2026·北京）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：但如今社会数字化正对这一现状提出挑战，数字化让每一位联网的人都能获取学习资源。句中先行词 everyone 指人，关系词在从句 ____ is connected to the Internet 中充当主语；指人、作主语的关系代词用 who / that。故填who/that。 2. （2019·北京海淀区一模）However, those ____18____ don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also ____19____ (danger). 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：然而，那些不筛选新想法的人最终会相信不仅错误而且危险的事情。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3. （2026·北京延庆区一模）He Jiaolong, a former deputy mayor of Zhaosu County in Xinjiang ____14____ dedicated herself to boosting local agriculture, became an internet celebrity. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：何娇龙是新疆昭苏县的一位前副县长，她致力于推动当地农业发展，后来成为了网络红人。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是He Jiaolong，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 4. （2026·北京通州区一模）Sitting down to enjoy such a meal allows us to honor those ____11____ grew the food and the effort behind it. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：坐下来享用这样一顿饭，让我们能够向种植这些食物的人及其背后的付出致敬。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处应用关系代词who引导定语从句。 5. （2026·北京顺义二模）Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：她希望接触到那些原本无法接触艺术的年轻人，并通过漫画为他们提供发声的机会。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词people是人，因此用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。 6. The experienced professor to _________ hundreds of students turn for academic guidance will deliver a speech next Friday. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：数百名学生向其寻求学术指导的那位资深教授下周五将发表演讲。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词people是人，turn to sb for sth，介词 to 提前，只能用 whom因此用关系代词whom引导定语从句。故填whom。 关系代词which/that 1. （2026·全国I卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2026·浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 3. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：海草仅占洋底面积的不足0.2%，却负责储存海洋中10%的碳。先行词为seagrass，指代事物，且引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，用which引导。 4.（2026·北京房山二模）Studies suggest that, under the right conditions, blue spaces can also reduce noise in urban areas, help improve air quality, and cool down hot climates — all of ____20____ contribute to physical health. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：研究表明，在适宜条件下，蓝色空间还能降低城市噪音、助力改善空气质量、缓解气候炎热 ——所有这些都对身体健康有益。空处引导定语从句，先行词是上文句子，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。 关系代词whose 1. （2026·北京东城·二模）Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：每一门社会科学都构建一套知识体系，其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察之间关联的一般规律、原理和归纳结论构成。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a body of knowledge，空格后content与先行词为所属关系，表示“知识体系的内容”，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 2. （2026·北京西城·二模）Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：感恩对心理健康也有着极大的积极影响，它的好处包括增强自尊、丰富积极情绪以及树立更乐观的人生态度。先行词为 gratitude，空后名词和先行词为所属关系，引导非限制性定语从句。 3. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：一天，族谱主人梅前来寻来，她患有罕见眼疾，看不清上面微小的文字。关系词在从句中修饰名词，表所属关系，指代 “她的”，故填 whose。 考向02 关系副词 关系副词where 1. （2026·全国II卷）was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 57 (center) heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2. （2026·北京石景山二模）For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：例如，你可能会发现自己在求职面试中与其他申请者竞争。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为job interview，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。 3. （2026·北京顺义区一模）He then started a woodworking school, ____15____ the lessons learned over a lifetime are passed on. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：之后，他开办了一所木工学校，在那里传授他一生中所积累的经验。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a woodworking school，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 关系副词when 1.I still remember the exact moment ____ you realized your dream of becoming a designer. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：我依然记得你实现设计师梦想的那个瞬间。先行词为 the exact moment（表时间），关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语，指代 “at the moment”，故用关系副词 when 引导从句。 2. There will come a day ____ all people live in peace without wars. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：总有那么一天，所有人都能生活在没有战争的和平之中。先行词 a day 为时间名词，从句主谓结构完整，缺少时间状语 “on that day”，因此用 when。 关系副词why 1.Could you tell me the real reason ____ he refused to take part in the volunteer activity? 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：你能告诉我他拒绝参加志愿活动的真正原因吗？先行词是 the reason（表原因），关系副词 why 在从句中作原因状语，相当于 “for the reason”。 2. No one knows the reason ____ she gave up the chance to study abroad last year. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：没人知道她去年放弃出国留学机会的缘由。先行词为 the reason，从句结构完整，缺少表原因的状语 for which，固定用关系副词 why。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:性格(P1); 修复地球(P2); 人际交往(T3)；中国文化宣传（兵马俑）（T2）； 考向创新：考查that(T3) 学科融合:社会科学(T2);自然科学(P3)；人与动物（P4） 一、填入1个合适的词 1.【学科融合:社会科学】（2026·北京丰台·一模）Heartbroken, we later stopped at a service station ____19____ a biker gang had pulled in. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：伤心欲绝的我们后来在一个服务站停了下来，那里有一群骑摩托车的人停了下来。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a service station，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．【新情境·3D与兵马俑】（2026·四川巴中·一模）Advances in research and museum technology have enabled the Budapest exhibition ____39to introduce____ (introduce) new interpretive elements. Among them was a world-premiere 3D light projection, ____40____ restored the original colors of the Terracotta Warriors on life-size replicas (复制品). 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：其中包括一项世界首演的3D光影投影技术，该技术在原尺寸复制品上还原了兵马俑的原始色彩。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a world-premiere 3D light projection，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 3．【新考向·that】（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末）So, focusing on positive energy, we foster a general sense of well-being. Environment also matters. Choosing the very environment ____16____ offers calmness and inspiration, you can significantly improve your energy levels. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：因此，专注正能量，我们就能培养整体幸福感。环境同样至关重要。选择那种能带来平静与灵感的环境，你的精力状态会得到显著提升。先行词：the very environment, 先行词被限定词 very 修饰时，限制性定语从句的关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。 核心规则总结: 先行词被 the very, the only, all, every, any, no, 序数词、最高级修饰时，定语从句关系代词只用 that，排除 which。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·性格】（2026·北京房山区·一模）Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour ____14____ make a person unique. Understanding personality allows us to predict ____15____ people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value. For example, a neurotic person feels worried more frequently than others, while an agreeable person in general feels more content. An outgoing person may jump for joy when ____16____ (face) new experiences, while a shy person may feel embarrassed in front of a large group of people. 【答案】14. that/which 15. how 16. facing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了性格的定义，以及了解性格能帮助我们预判人们对不同情境的反应和其喜好与价值观。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：性格是使一个人与众不同的、具有特征性的思维、情感和行为模式。______make a person unique是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour，先行词是事物名词，所填关系词在该从句中作主语，关系代词that或which符合要求。故填that/which。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：了解性格能让我们预测人们会对特定情境做出怎样的反应，以及他们喜欢和重视什么样的事物。predict接宾语从句_____people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value，该从句缺方式状语，空格处要用连接副词how，表示“如何、怎样”。故填how。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：外向的人面对新体验时可能会欢呼雀跃，而害羞的人在一大群人面前可能会感到尴尬。face与person之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用现在分词形式facing作状语。故填facing。 Passage 2 【新情境·修复地球】（2026·北京朝阳区·一模） Tourism is one of the world’s ____11____ (big) industries, and a highly polluting one. Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, ____12____ tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. In return, the tourists stay in renewable-powered accommodations. Critics argue that the project is just a marketing trick. But supporters believe it offers a way ____13____ (make) travel meaningful, by turning it into an opportunity to learn, connect, and contribute. 【答案】11. biggest 12. where 13. to make 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“Rewilding Portugal”项目，该项目让游客通过种植本土树木帮助恢复退化的农田，将游客转变为修复地球的积极参与者。 【11题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：旅游业是世界上最大的产业之一，也是一个污染严重的产业。根据句意和“one of the world’s”可知，此处表示“最大的产业之一”，应用形容词最高级biggest作定语，修饰名词industries。故填biggest。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现在，“Rewilding Portugal”项目让游客通过种植本土树木帮助恢复退化的农田，将游客转变为修复地球的积极参与者。“_____ tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词project，关系词将其代入定语从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但支持者认为，它提供了一种使旅行有意义的方式，通过将旅行变成一个学习、联系和贡献的机会。“(make) travel meaningful”作后置定语，名词way后常用动词不定式作定语，意为“……的方式”。故填to make。 Passage 3 【新情境·中国文化】（2026·辽宁沈阳·一模） I came to China to tell stories but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I ____36____ (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. ____37____ (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the highest literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor. This has opened new access to cultural exchange. Through writing and publishing, we don’t just translate words — we translate ____38____ (world). My latest book, Closer to Heaven, demonstrates many moving scenes ____39____ ordinary people are making efforts to improve their lives. Its emphasis on individual voices ____40____ (make) these stories resonate (共鸣) across cultures. I was ____41____ (particular) moved when Chinese readers said they learned about their own country through my writing. The book’s success in becoming ____42____ bestseller, as well as its translation into many languages, shows that these stories can bridge the gap ____43____ cultures. Every story we share, every book we publish, makes our world larger in ____44____ (imagine) and smaller in familiarity. And I, for one, am happy ____45____ (share) this world of words with you. 【答案】36. have traveled/have travelled 37. Receiving 38. worlds 39. where 40. makes 41. particularly 42. a 43. between 44. imagination 45. to share 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者来到中国后的经历、所获荣誉、作品及其影响，以及作者对文化交流的感悟。 【36题详解】 考查时态。句意：自从我来到中国后的20年里，我走遍了每一个省份，收集了非凡的经历，从山川森林到偏远的村庄和冻土带，更不用说骑马用鹰狩猎了。根据时间状语“Over the past 20 years since my arrival”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have traveled或have travelled。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：获得中国特别图书奖，这是对外国人的最高文学荣誉，既是一个惊喜，也是一种荣誉。receive“获得”。本空在句中作主语，表泛指的动作，需用动名词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Receiving。 【38题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：通过写作和出版，我们不仅仅是在翻译文字，我们是在翻译世界。此处表示翻译不同的世界，应用名词world“世界”的复数形式worlds，作translate的宾语。故填worlds。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我的新书《更接近天堂》展示了许多感人的场景，在这些场景中，普通人正在努力改善他们的生活。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词scenes，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【40题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：书中对个体声音的关注，让这些故事跨越文化界限，引发了广泛共鸣。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语emphasis为不可数名词，谓语动词使用make“使得”的第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：当中国读者说他们通过我的写作了解了自己的国家时，我特别感动。本空修饰形容词moved，应用副词particularly“特别地”，作状语。故填particularly。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这本书成为一本畅销书，并被翻译成多种语言，这表明这些故事可以弥合文化之间的差距。此处表示泛指“一本畅销书”，且bestseller以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：这本书成为一本畅销书，并被翻译成多种语言，这表明这些故事可以弥合文化之间的差距。此处表示“文化之间的差距”，应用介词between“在……之间”。故填between。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们分享的每一个故事，出版的每一本书，都让我们的世界在想象中变得更大，在熟悉中变得更小。本空作介词in的宾语，应用名词imagination“想象”。故填imagination。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就我而言，我很高兴与你们分享这个文字世界。be happy to do sth.为固定短语，意为“很高兴做某事”，所以此处应用动词share“分享”的不定式。故填to share。 Passage 4 【学科融合·人与动物】（2026·北京东城·一模）One day when a group of bees ____11____ (land) on a primary school, not surprisingly, there was panic among the teachers. Though, most of the children watched excitedly as a bee catcher rounded up the uninvited visitors. This unexpected event led to the school integrating beekeeping into the course, ____12____ has resulted in notable benefits. The children study the dance of the bees to decide ____13____ honey source is. They use honey in cooking lessons. They have even opened a school shop that ____14____ (feature) honey. Most of all, the children have become more responsible to others. 【答案】11. landed 12. which 13. where 14. features 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一群蜜蜂降落在一所小学后，引发的一系列事件，以及这些事件给学校和孩子们带来的积极影响。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：一天，当一群蜜蜂降落在一所小学时，不出所料，老师们惊慌失措。land(降落)是句中谓语动词，与主语a group of bees之间是主动关系，根据句意和上下文时态可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填landed。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这一意外事件促使学校将养蜂纳入课程，这带来了显著的好处。空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【13题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：孩子们通过观察蜜蜂的舞蹈来判断蜜源在哪里。“ honey source is”是宾语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意，表示“在哪里”，应用连接副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【14题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他们甚至开了一家以蜂蜜为特色的学校商店。feature(以……为特色)是定语从句中谓语动词，主语that(指代先行词a school shop)与feature之间是主动关系，根据句意，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填features。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：定语从句的关系代词 定语从句的关系副词 考向01定语从句的关系代词 关系代词who/that 1. （2026·北京·语法填空）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：但如今社会数字化正对这一现状提出挑战，数字化让每一位联网的人都能获取学习资源。句中先行词 everyone 指人，关系词在从句 ____ is connected to the Internet 中充当主语；指人、作主语的关系代词用 who / that。故填who/that。 2. （2024·北京卷·语法填空）Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 关系代词which/that 1. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空）____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 2. （2026·北京·语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 3. （2026·全国II卷·语法填空）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 4.（2026·浙江卷·语法填空）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 5. （2026·北京市西城区期末·语法填空）Now both roses stood energetic, ___13___ taught me renewal awaits even in deepest despair. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：如今两株玫瑰都生机盎然，这一幕教会我：即便深陷绝望谷底，新生亦会如期而至。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，空格填关系代词 which，指代前面整件主句内容（两朵玫瑰生机勃勃这件事）。故填which。 6. （2022·北京卷·语法填空）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。 7. （2021·北京卷·语法填空）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 8. （2026·广东省高州市·语法填空）Impact of The Three-Body Problem in the Overseas Decade”, ____42____ revealed global sales exceeding (超过) 30 million copies and widespread ____43____ (available) in libraries across Europe and the United States. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：发布会上还推出了《〈三体〉海外十年国际影响力报告》，进一步凸显了这部小说的影响力，报告显示，其全球销量已超过3000万册，并在欧洲和美国的图书馆中被广泛收藏。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the “Report on the International Impact of The Three-Body Problem in the Overseas Decade”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9. （2026·北京丰台区期末·语法填空）They found that the vibrations from the music helped stabilize the fetuses’ heart rates, ____16____ researchers said “could stimulate the development of the fetal autonomic nervous system.” 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：他们发现音乐产生的震动有助于稳定胎儿心率，研究人员称这一现象 “能够促进胎儿自主神经系统的发育”。主句：They found that the vibrations from the music helped stabilize the fetuses’ heart rates，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事（音乐震动稳定胎儿心率这件事）；空格在从句中作主语，指代前文整件事，只能用 which。故填which。 10.（2021·北京门头沟区·语法填空） When VR first ____17____ (appear) in flight simulators in 1929, it was seen as a ground-breaking technology and was once expected to revolutionize education. However, it has proven less effective for abstract knowledge ____18____ can be taught just as well traditionally. Instead, VR shines in teaching procedural skills, requiring step-by-step practice. It also excels in social settings — for example, helping ____19____ (individual) practice public speaking or nonverbal communication. Thus, the true value of VR lies not in replacing teachers, but in enhancing how society trains professionals ____20____ its complex needs. 【答案】17. appeared 18. that/which 19. individuals 20. for 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍VR技术的起源、教育应用局限及其在技能训练与社会场景中的真正价值。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：1929年VR首次出现在飞行模拟器中时，它被视为一项突破性技术，曾有望彻底变革教育。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1929可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，所以谓语动词用appeared。故填appeared。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，对于那些通过传统方式也能很好传授的抽象知识，它的效果已被证明较差。此处引导定语从句，先行词abstract knowledge指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【19题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：它在社交场景中也表现出色——例如，帮助人们练习公开演讲或非语言沟通。此处表示“人们、个体”，为可数名词复数概念，所以用individuals。故填individuals。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：因此，VR的真正价值不在于取代教师，而在于优化社会培养满足复杂需求专业人才的方式。此处为介词，结合句意，此处表示“为了、满足”，用介词for。故填for。 11. 【新角度:自然科学】（2026·安徽合肥·一模） On hot summer days, when high temperatures often reduce people’s appetite, cold desserts tend to sound far more refreshing than a bowl of hot noodles. In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, ____36____ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. The name Sushan, meaning crispy mountain, originally ____37____ (come) from its shape as well as its breakable structure. It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice ____38____ (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and ____39____ (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves. During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court ____40____ (far) developed this dessert. Milk was sweetened, sometimes thickened with flour, and then iced through advanced ____41____ (cool) methods. Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), ____42____ substance that lowers the freezing point of water. This technique made it possible for the upper class to enjoy cold dishes ____43____ the fact that the weather itself was not that cold. Although Sushan was not exactly the same as modern ice cream, it shared several essential characteristics, and ____44____ (present) in a partly frozen state occasionally. It reflected not only the _____45_____ (innovate) of ancient Chinese people, but also the special status that frozen desserts held in court life. 【答案】36. which 37. came 38. combined 39. to make 40. further 41. cooling 42. a 43. despite 44. was presented 45. innovation 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国古代冷饮酥山，被视为最早的冰淇淋雏形。它由冰与奶等制成，唐代宫廷进一步改良，体现了古人的智慧与当时的饮食文化。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在古代中国，贵族们享用一种名为“酥山”的特殊冷食，许多学者认为这种食物是最早的冰淇淋形式。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Sushan，在从句作宾语，指物，故填which。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：“酥山”这个名字意思是“酥脆的山丘”，它的得名源于其形状以及易碎的结构特点。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填came。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它看起来就像一堆由碎冰、牛奶、黄油和糖混合而成的“冰山”，为了在特殊场合更受欢迎，有时还会用鲜花和树叶加以装饰。此处combine与a small mountain of shaved ice构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填combined。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它看起来就像一堆由碎冰、牛奶、黄油和糖混合而成的“冰山”，为了在特殊场合更受欢迎，有时还会用鲜花和树叶加以装饰。此处make作目的状语，用不定式形式。故填to make。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：在唐朝时期，皇帝的宫廷进一步完善了这种甜点的制作工艺。修饰动词develop，表示“进一步”用副词further。故填further。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：牛奶经过了加糖处理，有时还会用面粉加以增稠，然后通过先进的冷却技术进行冰制。修饰methods用形容词cooling。故填cooling。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：用于盛装混合物的金属容器通常会被置于装有硝石的冰块之中。硝石是一种能降低水的凝固点的物质。此处substance为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：这种技术使得上层阶级即便在天气并不十分寒冷的情况下也能享用冷食。despite the fact that表示“尽管……，即便是……”。故填despite。 【44题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：虽然酥山与现代冰淇淋并非完全相同，但它具备一些共同的特性，并且有时也会以部分冷冻的状态呈现出来。主语it与谓语present构成被动关系，根据上文shared可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was presented。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：它不仅体现了中国古代人民的创新精神，还反映了冰冻甜品在宫廷生活中所具有的特殊地位。作动词reflected的宾语，用名词innovation，不可数。故填innovation。 关系代词whose 1.（2026·北京石景山区一模）Thomas, ____19____ own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to ____20unfolded____ (unflood) shelters. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：托马斯自己的房子被洪水淹没了，他多次开车回去营救他长大的小镇上的人们，将他们安全地送到未被洪水淹没的避难所。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Thomas，从句中缺少定语修饰own house，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 2.（2026·北京海淀区期末）In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city ____14____ heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：鄂南初冬，十余位来自各国的 “一带一路” 媒体代表到访赤壁 —— 这座古城，其文化遗产既留存着三国古战场的风云记忆，也承载着源远流长的茶文化底蕴。空格后紧跟名词 heritage（遗产），二者是所属关系：the city’s heritage（这座城市的遗产），定语从句中表示 “…… 的”，用关系代词 whose，既可指人也可指物。故填whose。 考向02 定语从句的关系副词 关系副词where 1. （2023·北京卷·语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 关系副词when 1. （2026·北京东城期末·语法填空）Some species have started to sing at night, ____16____ noise levels are lower. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：部分物种已改为夜间鸣叫，夜间的噪音水平更低。先行词：night（纯粹表时间的名词：夜晚）,从句结构：____ noise levels are lower, 从句主谓完整，不缺主语、宾语，关系词在从句内部作时间状语,when = at which = at night，意为 “在夜晚这个时候” ，故填when。 2. （2026·北京顺义期末·语法填空）My understanding of friendship was transformed in 2024, ____17____ I met Sam. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：2024 年，我遇见了山姆，从那以后我对友谊的理解彻底改变了。主句：My understanding of friendship was transformed in 2024， 非限制性定语从句：____ I met Sam，先行词：2024（表年份的时间名词），从句 I met Sam 主谓完整，不缺主语、宾语；关系词在从句中充当时间状语，指代 “in 2024”，等价于 in which。指代时间、在从句作时间状语，只能用关系副词 when。故填when。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $