人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划（19-21）

**基本信息** 聚焦初高中英语语法衔接，以定语从句、主谓一致为核心，通过分层考点、易错点梳理及综合训练，系统搭建知识体系，提升语言运用与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |定语从句|含5类关系词对比表、8组经典例句、3类梯度练习|“先找先行词，再看从句缺成分；缺主宾用代词，缺状语用副词”口诀，特殊规则分类记忆|从基础定义→关系词功能→初高中特殊规则（that/which辨析、非限制性从句）→易错点（成分误判、关系词重复）递进| |主谓一致|3大原则对比表、10组语义一致例句、4类特殊句式练习|“看形定基义修正，就近就远看结构”口诀，集体名词/数量短语单复数判定法|从语法一致→意义一致（集体名词/学科名词）→就近就远原则→分数/百分数结构逐步深化| |综合训练|涵盖7大语法板块，含填空、单选、短文填空等题型|融合从句、主谓一致等方法，强调语境中综合运用|整合句法、时态、非谓语等考点，通过沉浸式训练实现知识迁移与能力提升|

人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 （19-21） 第19天•定语从句 定语从句是初高中英语衔接核心重难点，也是语法填空、短文改错、书面表达、完形填空的必考核心考点。初中侧重基础关系词识别、限制性定语从句基础用法；高中侧重非限制性定语从句、介词提前、as/which辨析、特殊先行词用法。本文严格衔接初高中考点梯度，系统梳理定语从句核心规则、分类、用法、易错点，搭配分层例句与梯度习题，全面搭建定语从句知识体系。 第一大板块：定语从句核心基础认知 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词/代词称为先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词称为关系词。 核心句式结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句（完整句子） 核心功能：定语从句相当于形容词，用来对先行词进行限定、修饰、补充说明。初高中核心考查两类关系词：关系代词、关系副词。 关系词类型 核心词汇 基本功能 关系代词 who/whom/which/that/whose 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语 关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因） 核心解题口诀：先找先行词，再看从句缺成分；缺主宾用代词，缺状语用副词。 【经典例句】 The girl who is reading is my sister. 正在读书的女孩是我的妹妹。（先行词girl，who作主语） This is the book which I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。（先行词book，which作宾语） I remember the day when we met. 我记得我们相遇的那天。（先行词day，when作时间状语） This is the school where I study. 这是我就读的学校。（先行词school，where作地点状语） I don’t know the reason why he is late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。（先行词reason，why作原因状语） 【小试牛刀】 判断句子划线部分是否为定语从句，找出每句的先行词 1. The boy who plays basketball is my friend. 2. I like the music which is quiet. 3. This is the park where we often play. 4. He told me the reason why he gave up. 5. The teacher who teaches us English is kind. 第二大板块：定语从句核心考点（初高中全覆盖） 本章精讲关系代词、关系副词核心用法、适用场景、省略规则，从初中基础用法到高中衔接重难点，层层递进，覆盖全部必考考点。 一、关系代词核心用法（who/whom/which/that/whose） 关系代词 修饰先行词 从句所作成分 可否省略 who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 which 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 that 人/物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 whose 人/物 定语（表所属） 不可省 【经典例句】 The man who helped me is a policeman. 帮我的那个人是一名警察。（who 指人，作主语） The girl whom we met is new here. 我们遇到的那个女孩是新来的。（whom 指人，作宾语） The pen which lies on the desk is mine. 桌上的那支笔是我的。（which 指物，作主语） This is the boy that won the prize. 这就是获奖的那个男孩。（that 指人，作主语） This is the house whose window faces south. 这就是窗户朝南的房子。（whose 表所属） 【小试牛刀】 用 who/whom/which/that/whose 填空 1. The student _______ studies hard will get good grades. 2. This is the bike _______ I bought last week. 3. The lady _______ we visited is our old teacher. 4. I like the book _______ cover is blue. 5. The people _______ live next door are friendly. 二、关系副词核心用法（when/where/why） 关系副词 对应先行词 从句成分 when 时间名词（day/time/year等） 时间状语 where 地点名词（school/park/city等） 地点状语 why reason（原因） 原因状语 核心判定：若定语从句主谓完整、不缺主宾，优先考虑关系副词。 【经典例句】 I still remember the day when I joined the club. 我依然记得我加入社团的那天。 This is the village where I was born. 这是我出生的村庄。 That is the reason why I refused it. 这就是我拒绝它的原因。 【小试牛刀】 用 when/where/why 填空 1. I miss the days _______ we played together. 2. This is the factory _______ my father works. 3. Tell me the reason _______ you were absent. 4. I will never forget the moment _______ I won the game. 5. This is the library _______ I read books every day. 第三大板块：初高中必考特殊规则（衔接重难点） 一、只能用that、不用which的高频情况 先行词特征 考点说明 不定代词修饰（all/everything/nothing等） 先行词为不定代词，关系词只用that 最高级、序数词修饰 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰，只用that the only/the very修饰 表唯一、恰恰，固定用that 先行词既有人又有物 统一用that，不用which/who 【经典例句】 All that he said is true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过最好的书。 He is the only student that passed the exam. 他是唯一通过考试的学生。 We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 我们聊起了记忆中的人和事。 【小试牛刀】 用that/which正确填空 1. This is the first film _______ I have seen this year. 2. Everything _______ he does is good for us. 3. It is the most interesting story _______ I know. 4. They are the only friends _______ I have. 5. We saw the people and dogs _______ were on the street. 二、只能用which、不用that的高频情况（高中衔接） 句式特征 考点说明 介词提前置于关系词前 介词后固定用which/whom，不用that 非限制性定语从句 逗号隔开的从句，只用which，不用that 【经典例句】 This is the room in which I live. 这就是我居住的房间。（介词提前） The book, which I bought yesterday, is very useful. 这本书非常实用，是我昨天买的。（非限制性从句） 【小试牛刀】 用which/that填空 1. This is the pen with _______ I write every day. 2. The bike, _______ I repaired last night, works well now. 3. The house near the park, _______ we visited last week, is old. 4. This is the tool _______ I use most. 5. The song, _______ he likes best, sounds beautiful. 三、限制性与非限制性定语从句（高中核心衔接） 从句类型 句式特征 功能与规则 限制性定语从句 无逗号，紧跟先行词 对先行词限定范围，不可删除，可用that 非限制性定语从句 有逗号隔开 对先行词补充说明，可删除，不用that 【经典例句】 My sister who is a doctor lives in Beijing. 我那位当医生的姐姐住在北京。（限制性，限定是当医生的姐姐，不止一个姐姐） My sister, who is a doctor, lives in Beijing. 我的姐姐是一名医生，她住在北京。（非限制性，补充说明姐姐的职业，仅有一个姐姐） The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。（限制性，特指昨天购买的书） The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. 这本书很有趣，是我昨天买的。（非限制性，补充买书的时间） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子为限制性（R）或非限制性（NR）定语从句，并填空 1. The students _______ study hard will succeed.（无逗号） 2. This pen, _______ I like very much, costs little.（有逗号） 3. The city _______ we visited last year is beautiful.（无逗号） 4. His mother, _______ is a teacher, works hard.（有逗号） 5. I still remember the day _______ we first met.（无逗号） 第四大板块：定语从句核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 成分判断错误 从句缺主宾用代词，主谓完整用副词 误：the place that I live 正：the place where I live that滥用错误 介词后、逗号后（非限制性）不用that 误：in that 正：in which 关系词重复错误 定语从句中严禁出现与关系词重复的代词 误：the book which I read it 正：the book which I read whose误用 whose可指人也可指物，表所属，无which’s用法 误：the house which’s window 正：the house whose window 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的定语从句错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. This is the best movie which I have ever seen. 2. The place where I visited is beautiful. 3. The book, that I bought, is interesting. 4. I like the room in that I study. 5. The girl who we met her is tall. 6. This is the only pen which I have. 7. I remember the day when I joined it. 8. Everything which he did is great. 9. The reason why he was late it is clear. 10. This is the city where I lived in. 第五大板块：定语从句专项综合训练 一、用正确关系词填空（10题） 用合适的关系代词/关系副词填空 1. The man _______ is standing there is my uncle. 2. This is the bag _______ I lost yesterday. 3. I still remember the time _______ we studied together. 4. This is the school _______ I graduated. 5. The boy _______ bike is broken is sad. 6. All _______ you need is time. 7. This is the best gift _______ I have received. 8. The reason _______ he quit is unknown. 9. The person _______ we talked about is a writer. 10. The house _______ windows face north is old. 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. The girl _______ is singing on the stage is my classmate. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the park _______ we played games last summer. A. when B. that C. where D. which 3. I will never forget the day _______ I met you. A. when B. where C. why D. which 4. This is the most interesting book _______ I have ever read. A. which B. what C. that D. who 5. The reason _______ he changed his mind is unknown. A. that B. why C. when D. where 6. The pen _______ I bought last week works well. A. what B. who C. which D. whose 7. This is the only chance _______ we have. A. that B. which C. where D. when 8. The house _______ door faces the lake is very quiet. A. which B. that C. whom D. whose 9. This is the room _______ we lived before. A. that B. where C. which D. what 10. All _______ he told me is true. A. that B. which C. what D. who 11. The man _______ we visited yesterday is a scientist. A. which B. whom C. whose D. where 12. The bike, _______ I repaired, looks new now. A. that B. which C. what D. when 13. I miss the days _______ we had no pressure. A. when B. where C. why D. which 14. This is the tool _______ I use to cut paper. A. what B. who C. that D. where 15. The story _______ he told us is very moving. A. when B. what C. where D. that 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 这就是我昨天遇见的那位老师。 This is the teacher _______ _______ yesterday. 2. 我喜欢那些安静的书籍。 I like the books _______ _______ quiet. 3. 我永远不会忘记我们一起学习的日子。 I will never forget the days _______ we studied together. 4. 这是我出生的小镇。 This is the small town _______ I was born. 5. 他就是唯一通过考试的学生。 He is the only student _______ _______ the exam. 6. 我不知道他缺席的原因。 I don’t know the reason _______ he was absent. 7. 窗户朝南的房子很漂亮。 The house _______ window faces south is beautiful. 8. 这是我看过最精彩的电影。 This is the best film _______ I have ever seen. 9. 我们怀念曾经一起玩耍的时光。 We miss the time _______ we played together. 10. 这就是我用过的钢笔。 This is the pen _______ I used before. 第20天•主谓一致 主谓一致是初高中英语核心基础语法，贯穿语法填空、短文改错、书面表达、完形填空、阅读理解各大题型，是英语造句的底层逻辑。初中阶段仅考查基础单复数匹配、简单语法一致规则；高中大幅拔高，重点考查意义一致、就近/就远特殊句式、特殊主语、分数百分数结构、固定特例搭配等易混重难点。本文严格沿用初高中衔接语法讲义固定体例，梯度分层梳理全部核心考点、经典例句、易错陷阱、分层习题，完全对标定语从句讲义难度与体量，搭建完整主谓一致知识体系。 第一大板块：主谓一致核心基础认知 所谓主谓一致，就是句子的谓语动词必须在人称和数上与句子的主语保持一致。英语所有句式的语法正确性，都建立在主谓一致的基础上，判定核心：先锁定主语，再判定单复数，最后匹配谓语形式。 主谓一致三大黄金原则（全书核心、必考全覆盖）：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 初中侧重表层语法形式一致，高中侧重深层语义、句式结构特殊一致，三大原则贯穿初高中所有考题，是短文改错和写作扣分重灾区。 核心原则 核心定义 考查侧重 语法一致 以主语外在单复数形式为依据，形单谓单、形复谓复 初中基础必考、高中基础题通用 意义一致 不以形式为准，以主语实际表达的语义单复数为准 初高中衔接核心、高频易错题 就近一致 谓语单复数由距离谓语最近的主语成分决定 高中重难点、改错与单选高频考点 核心解题口诀：看形定基义修正，就近就远看结构；集体名词分整体，数量名词看整体。 【经典例句】 He studies English every day. 他每天学英语。（单数主语，语法一致） My class are all fond of music. 我们班同学都喜欢音乐。（表成员，意义一致） There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。（就近原则） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子主谓搭配是否正确，标注正误 1. Everyone in the class is present today. 2. The team are winning the game now. 3. There are some water and apples on the table. 4. Ten years are a long time for a teenager. 5. The police is searching the street. 第二大板块：主谓一致核心考点（初高中全覆盖） 本章分层精讲三大核心原则的细分考点、主语判定标准、谓语匹配规则，完全对标定语从句讲义体例，从基础入门到高阶考点层层递进，覆盖初高中所有常规题型。 一、语法一致原则（初中核心基础） 语法一致是最基础的判定规则：主语形式为单数、不可数，谓语用单数；主语形式为复数，谓语用复数。绝大多数简单句、基础陈述句均遵循此规则。 主语类型 谓语规则 词汇示例 单数可数名词 谓语单数 student, teacher, book, tree 不可数名词 谓语单数 water, money, time, rice, news(误复) 复数可数名词 谓语复数 students, books, parents, days 单数不定代词 谓语单数 each, every, everyone, nobody, something 【经典例句】 Something is wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出故障了。（不定代词单数） Much money is spent on books every year. 每年都有很多钱花在书籍上。（不可数名词） These children play football after school. 这些孩子放学后踢足球。（复数名词） Each of us has a dream. 我们每个人都有一个梦想。（单数不定代词） 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. Nobody _______ (know) the secret of the old house. 2. All the juice _______ (be) drunk by the kids. 3. These new clothes _______ (look) very fashionable. 4. Everyone _______ (have) the right to study. 5. The workers _______ (work) hard every day. 【参考答案】 二、意义一致原则（初高中衔接重难点） 意义一致为初高中最大易错点：主语形式和实际语义单复数不一致，必须弃形式、看语义。形式单数语义复数则谓语复数，形式复数语义单数则谓语单数。 特殊主语分类 详细规则 集体名词：family/team/class/government 表整体机构→单数；表内部成员→复数 学科、消息类复数名词 news, maths, physics, politics 一律单数 复数形式单数含义集合词 people, police, cattle 一律复数 时间、金钱、距离、重量复数 表整体数量概念，谓语统一用单数 【经典例句】 Our class is a united class. 我们班是一个团结的集体。（整体单数） Our class are preparing for the exam. 我们班同学正在备考。（成员复数） Physics is a difficult subject. 物理是一门很难的学科。（学科单数） Fifty yuan is enough for the meal. 五十元足够这顿饭。（金额整体单数） The people are friendly here. 这里的人们很友好。（语义复数） 【小试牛刀】 根据语义填写动词正确形式 1. The team _______ (win) the match yesterday.（整体团队） 2. The team _______ (argue) with each other now.（队内成员） 3. Politics _______ (be) not easy to learn well. 4. Two kilometers _______ (be) a short distance. 5. The police _______ (protect) the safety of citizens. 三、就近、就远一致原则（高中核心重难点） 就近、就远原则是高中单选、改错必考陷阱点，不受主语核心词影响，完全由句式结构决定谓语形式，分为就近一致和就远一致两类固定句式。 句式结构 一致规则 there be / here be 句型 就近原则，跟随be后第一个名词单复数 either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... 就近原则，谓语跟随最近的主语 as well as / together with / along with 就远原则，跟随最前方核心主语 except / besides / rather than / including 就远原则，修饰成分不影响主语单复数 【经典例句】 Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。（就近单数名词） Neither my parents nor my brother likes smoking.（就近brother单数） The student together with his parents is coming.（就远student单数） Not only the teachers but also the students enjoy the activity.（就近students复数） 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. There _______ (be) some bread and two eggs on the plate. 2. Either you or your brother _______ (have) to clean the room. 3. My mother as well as her friends _______ (shop) on weekends. 4. Not only Tom but also I _______ (be) fond of painting. 5. No one except my classmates _______ (know) the truth. 第三大板块：初高中必考特殊规则（衔接重难点） 本板块为初高中衔接拔高考点，完全对标定语从句特殊规则板块，包含并列主语特殊一致、分数百分数结构、特殊不定代词、固定句式特例，是高中高分核心。 一、并列and主语特殊一致规则 并列主语结构 谓语匹配规则 A and B 两个不同人、不同事物 谓语统一用复数 A and B 同一人、同一身份、同一事物 共用一个冠词，谓语用单数 every/each/no + 名词 + and + 同名结构 谓语统一用单数 【经典例句】 The doctor and nurse is busy working. 这位医生兼护士工作很忙。（同一人） The doctor and the nurse are busy working. 医生和护士工作很忙。（两个人） Each day and each hour is precious. 每一分每一秒都很珍贵。 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. Fish and chips _______ (be) a traditional British food.（同一菜品） 2. A teacher and a writer _______ (be) invited to the meeting. 3. No boy and no girl _______ (be) late for school. 4. The singer and dancer _______ (perform) on stage now. 5. History and geography _______ (be) useful subjects. 二、分数、百分数、数量短语高阶规则 核心结构 谓语规则 分数/百分数 + of + 单数/不可数名词 谓语用单数 分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词 谓语用复数 a number of + 复数名词（许多） 谓语复数 the number of + 复数名词（……数量） 谓语单数 【经典例句】 One third of the room is empty. 三分之一的房间是空的。 Seventy percent of the students are active in class. 百分之七十的学生课堂很积极。 A number of mistakes have been found. 发现了许多错误。 The number of tourists is increasing. 游客数量正在增加。 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. Half of the bread _______ (be) eaten. 2. Three fourths of the buildings _______ (stand) here. 3. A number of volunteers _______ (help) the old every weekend. 4. The number of players _______ (reach) fifty. 5. 60 percent of the work _______ (be) finished. 三、特殊不定代词主谓一致（高中冷门必考） 不定代词类型 谓语规则 all/most/rest + of + 不可数/单数名词 谓语单数 all/most/rest + of + 复数名词 谓语复数 each/either/neither 单独作主语 谓语一律单数 【经典例句】 All of the water is used up. 所有的水都用完了。（all+不可数名词，谓语单数） Most of the students have finished their homework. 大多数学生都完成了作业。（most+复数名词，谓语复数） Rest of the money belongs to her. 剩余的钱归她所有。（rest+不可数名词，谓语单数） Each of the books costs ten yuan. 每本书售价十元。（each单独作主语，谓语单数） Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案没有一个是正确的。（neither单独作主语，谓语单数） 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. All of the bread _______ (be) eaten by the children. 2. Most of the trees in the park _______ (grow) well in summer. 3. Rest of the work _______ (need) more time and patience. 4. Either of the two plans _______ (work) perfectly. 5. None of the news _______ (be) surprising to us. 第四大板块：主谓一致核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 集体名词单复数混淆 只看形式不看语义，整体单、成员复 误：My family are big. 正：is s结尾名词误判复数 news、学科类单词形式复、语义单 误：News are bad. 正：is a/the number of 混淆 a number of表多(复)，the number of表数量(单) 误：The number are 50. 正：is 就近就远句式误用 as well as 修饰成分不改变主语单复数 误：He as well as I like it. 正：likes 数量名词复数误用 时间、金钱、距离表整体，谓语单数 误：Five years are long. 正：is 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的主谓一致错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. Our group are a perfect team.（表整体） 2. Politics are one of my favorite subjects. 3. There is three apples and a banana on the table. 4. A number of student joins the club every year. 5. The headmaster together with teachers are visiting. 6. Neither the kids nor the mother are tired. 7. One hundred dollars are too expensive. 8. The number of workers are increasing fast. 9. The writer and the artist is coming tonight. 10. Most of the water are polluted now. 第五大板块：主谓一致专项综合训练 一、用动词正确形式填空 根据主谓一致规则，用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. Each of the students _______ (pass) the exam successfully. 2. The whole class _______ (discuss) the problem now.（成员） 3. There _______ (be) a pair of shoes under the bed. 4. The number of foreign visitors _______ (grow) every year. 5. He as well as his classmates _______ (enjoy) reading novels. 6. Seventy percent of the countryside _______ (be) covered with trees. 7. Either your sister or you _______ (be) responsible for the mistake. 8. The latest news _______ (prove) his idea is right. 9. Every man and every woman _______ (have) equal rights. 10. A number of new books _______ (arrive) in our library. 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. All that can be done _______ already been done. A. is B. are C. has D. have 2. His family _______ all music lovers. A. is B. are C. was D. be 3. There _______ little water and few oranges in the fridge. A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. The number of people attending the meeting _______ 200. A. are B. is C. have D. has 5. Neither Tom nor his parents _______ at home yesterday. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. Lucy, together with her deskmate, _______ volunteer work every week. A. do B. does C. did D. doing 7. Fifteen minutes _______ enough for you to finish it. A. is B. are C. were D. was 8. Maths _______ my strongest subject. A. are B. is C. were D. be 9. A number of young people _______ interested in traditional culture. A. become B. becomes C. has become D. is becoming 10. No student and no teacher _______ late for school. A. allow B. allows C. is allowed D. are allowed 11. Most of the apples in the basket _______ rotten. A. is B. are C. was D. be 12. The writer and speaker _______ going to give a lecture. A. is B. are C. were D. be 13. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ the rule. A. obey B. obeys C. obeying D. obeyed 14. The police _______ always ready to protect people. A. is B. are C. was D. be 15. Much of his time _______ spent on study. A. is B. are C. were D. be 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 我们学校的老师数量是八十人。 The number of teachers in our school _______ _______. 2. 许多学生积极参加体育锻炼。 _______ _______ _______ students take exercise actively. 3. 不仅他，我也擅长打篮球。 Not only he but also I _______ _______ _______ playing basketball. 4. 十年是一段漫长的人生时光。 Ten years _______ _______ long time in life. 5. 我们全家都喜欢短途旅行。 My family _______ all _______ short trips. 6. 桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。 There _______ two pens and a book on the desk. 7. 物理对大多数学生来说很难。 Physics _______ _______ for most students. 8. 这位歌手兼演员深受年轻人喜爱。 The singer and actor _______ very popular among young people. 9. 这位老师和学生们都喜欢阅读。 The teacher as well as the students _______ _______. 10. 百分之八十的森林被保护了起来。 Eighty percent of the forest _______ protected. 第21天•语法专项训练 一、初高中英语句法板块语法综合专项（句式/成分/时态语态/非谓语/从句/主谓一致） 本套综合训练全覆盖高中核心语法体系：七大句子成分、简单句句式、并列句、复合句、时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、主谓一致。题型标准化、考点不重复、难度梯度适配初高中衔接，可用于月考、期末复习、语法查漏补缺，每题独立附带详细答案解析，适合自学订正、课堂讲解。 一、句子填空 根据语境、时态、语态、非谓语、从句、主谓一致规则，用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. _______ (see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 2. The book _______ (buy) yesterday is very interesting. 3. He _______ (learn) English for six years so far. 4. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ (like) reading. 5. I don’t know _______ he will come or not. 6. The man _______ is talking with our teacher is my uncle. 7. My parents allow me _______ (play) basketball on weekends. 8. Water _______ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. 9. I was reading books while my sister _______ (watch) TV. 10. The number of students in our class _______ (be) 45. 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，覆盖句式结构、并列复合句、时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、主谓一致核心考点。 1. _______ is important for us to learn English well. A. That B. It C. This D. One 2. The story _______ I read last night was very moving. A. which B. what C. who D. where 3. My brother _______ TV when I got home yesterday. A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. is watching 4. A number of trees _______ planted in our school every year. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. He decided _______ hard to pass the coming exam. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 6. Work hard, _______ you will fail the exam. A. and B. so C. or D. but 7. English _______ widely _______ all over the world now. A. is; used B. was; used C. does; use D. has; used 8. Neither my sister nor I _______ good at dancing. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. I wonder _______ you can help me with my English. A. that B. if C. what D. how 10. _______ (Finish) his homework, he went out to play. A. Finish B. Finishing C. Having finished D. Finished 11. The house _______ window faces south is mine. A. which B. that C. whose D. where 12. Ten years _______ a short time in human history. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. He has lived here _______ he was five years old. A. when B. since C. before D. until 14. The teacher together with his students _______ cleaning the classroom now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15. It takes me two hours _______ my homework every day. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 16. This is the best movie _______ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. when 17. Great changes _______ in our city in the past ten years. A. take place B. took place C. have taken place D. are taking place 18. Most of the water on the earth _______ sea water. A. is B. are C. was D. were 19. _______ you study hard, you will get good grades. A. If B. Unless C. Though D. Because 20. The man _______ by the police just now is a thief. A. caught B. catching C. to catch D. catch 三、完成句子 根据中文提示补全英文句子，每空一词，综合考查句式结构、从句、非谓语、主谓一致、固定搭配等核心考点。 1. 读书对我们有益。 _______ _______ is good for us. 2. 这就是我昨天买的钢笔。 This is the pen _______ _______ _______ yesterday. 3. 不仅我妹妹，我也喜欢画画。 Not only my sister but also I _______ _______. 4. 这座桥是三年前建造的。 The bridge _______ _______ three years ago. 5. 我不确定他是否会准时到达。 I’m not sure _______ he will arrive on time _______ _______. 6. 每天跑步是我的习惯。 _______ _______ every day is my habit. 7. 我们班所有人都喜欢听音乐。 All of our class _______ _______ to music. 8. 他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。 He is the only student _______ _______ passed the exam. 9. 随着年龄增长，我们变得更成熟。 We become more mature _______ we grow older. 10. 许多树木被种植在山坡上。 _______ _______ _______ trees are planted on the hillside. 四、短文填空 阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，综合考查时态、语态、非谓语、定语从句、主谓一致、句式结构等全部核心语法，沉浸式综合运用考点。 Life 1. _______ (be) full of challenges and chances. Every person who 2. _______ (study) hard can get progress. Last year, a lot of tasks 3. _______ (give) to us by our teachers. We tried our best 4. _______ (finish) them on time. There 5. _______ (be) much knowledge we need to learn every day. Our class, which 6. _______ (be) a warm group, always supports each other. Most of students enjoy 7. _______ (help) classmates in need. 8. _______ (learn) grammar well is necessary for English learners. We believe that we 9. _______ (make) greater progress in the future if we keep practicing. Nothing is impossible for those who never 10. _______ (give) up. 二、初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划全考点专项训练 （一）语法单项填空 1. My dream is to be ___ excellent English teacher in the future. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. We can gain lots of new ___ from every lesson in our daily study. A. knowledge B. knowledges C. skill D. skills 3. Practicing speaking is ___ than memorizing words only for English study. A. helpful B. more helpful C. most helpful D. helpfully 4. You must write down notes ___ carefully when teachers explain key points. A. much B. more C. very D. most 5. We should ___ good habits and get rid of bad ones in teenage life. A. develop B. grow C. increase D. raise 6. Nobody can help us except ___, so we must rely on ourselves firmly. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 7. Four ___ of the students in our class like reading English in the morning. A. fifth B. fifths C. five D. fives 8. Many students feel relaxed ___ rainy days with soft wind and light rain. A. in B. on C. at D. for 9. Don’t waste time on meaningless things, ___ you will regret it finally. A. and B. but C. or D. so 10. The ___ of learning lies in persistence and continuous effort. A. important B. importance C. importantly D. import 11. The number of books in our school library ___ increasing every year. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. keeping 12. I ___ many classic English articles since I entered junior high school. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned 13. This kind of new teaching method ___ widely used in modern schools now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 14. She refuses ___ up easily whenever she meets study difficulties. A. give B. giving C. to give D. given 15. The story ___ moved me deeply was written by a young student. A. which B. what C. when D. where 16. Neither drinking nor smoking ___ allowed for teenagers at school. A. is B. are C. was D. were 17. It is obvious ___ hard work always leads to satisfying results. A. whether B. if C. that D. what 18. I will keep on studying hard ___ I can enter my ideal senior school. A. so that B. because C. though D. if 19. ___ confident in yourself is the first step to achieve your dreams. A. Be B. Being C. Been D. To being 20. Most of the grass on the hill ___ green and lively in spring time. A. is B. are C. was D. were （二）单句语法填空 1. Reading English news every day ________ (improve) our language sense and learning ability gradually. 2. It is necessary for teenagers ________ (develop) good learning habits in their daily study life. 3. The little boy is proud ________ his excellent performance in the recent school sports meeting. 4. This precious old book ________ (keep) in our big family for more than thirty years. 5. ________ we stick to steady hard work, we will surely get satisfying final results. 6. Her sincere ________ (kind) makes her popular among classmates and teachers around her. 7. The quiet park ________ we often take a walk looks very beautiful in warm spring. 8. We should learn ________ (help) others and cherish every warm friendship around us all. 9. Plenty of students ________ (take) part in meaningful volunteer activities every weekend. 10. Precious time ________ (value) more than money for every hard-working student. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 （19-21） 第19天•定语从句 定语从句是初高中英语衔接核心重难点，也是语法填空、短文改错、书面表达、完形填空的必考核心考点。初中侧重基础关系词识别、限制性定语从句基础用法；高中侧重非限制性定语从句、介词提前、as/which辨析、特殊先行词用法。本文严格衔接初高中考点梯度，系统梳理定语从句核心规则、分类、用法、易错点，搭配分层例句与梯度习题，全面搭建定语从句知识体系。 第一大板块：定语从句核心基础认知 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词/代词称为先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词称为关系词。 核心句式结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句（完整句子） 核心功能：定语从句相当于形容词，用来对先行词进行限定、修饰、补充说明。初高中核心考查两类关系词：关系代词、关系副词。 关系词类型 核心词汇 基本功能 关系代词 who/whom/which/that/whose 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语 关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因） 核心解题口诀：先找先行词，再看从句缺成分；缺主宾用代词，缺状语用副词。 【经典例句】 The girl who is reading is my sister. 正在读书的女孩是我的妹妹。（先行词girl，who作主语） This is the book which I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。（先行词book，which作宾语） I remember the day when we met. 我记得我们相遇的那天。（先行词day，when作时间状语） This is the school where I study. 这是我就读的学校。（先行词school，where作地点状语） I don’t know the reason why he is late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。（先行词reason，why作原因状语） 【小试牛刀】 判断句子划线部分是否为定语从句，找出每句的先行词 1. The boy who plays basketball is my friend. 2. I like the music which is quiet. 3. This is the park where we often play. 4. He told me the reason why he gave up. 5. The teacher who teaches us English is kind. 本板块参考答案： 1. boy 2. music 3. park 4. reason 5. teacher 第二大板块：定语从句核心考点（初高中全覆盖） 本章精讲关系代词、关系副词核心用法、适用场景、省略规则，从初中基础用法到高中衔接重难点，层层递进，覆盖全部必考考点。 一、关系代词核心用法（who/whom/which/that/whose） 关系代词 修饰先行词 从句所作成分 可否省略 who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 which 物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 that 人/物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 whose 人/物 定语（表所属） 不可省 【经典例句】 The man who helped me is a policeman. 帮我的那个人是一名警察。（who 指人，作主语） The girl whom we met is new here. 我们遇到的那个女孩是新来的。（whom 指人，作宾语） The pen which lies on the desk is mine. 桌上的那支笔是我的。（which 指物，作主语） This is the boy that won the prize. 这就是获奖的那个男孩。（that 指人，作主语） This is the house whose window faces south. 这就是窗户朝南的房子。（whose 表所属） 【小试牛刀】 用 who/whom/which/that/whose 填空 1. The student _______ studies hard will get good grades. 2. This is the bike _______ I bought last week. 3. The lady _______ we visited is our old teacher. 4. I like the book _______ cover is blue. 5. The people _______ live next door are friendly. 本板块参考答案： 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. whom/who/that 4. whose 5. who/that 二、关系副词核心用法（when/where/why） 关系副词 对应先行词 从句成分 when 时间名词（day/time/year等） 时间状语 where 地点名词（school/park/city等） 地点状语 why reason（原因） 原因状语 核心判定：若定语从句主谓完整、不缺主宾，优先考虑关系副词。 【经典例句】 I still remember the day when I joined the club. 我依然记得我加入社团的那天。 This is the village where I was born. 这是我出生的村庄。 That is the reason why I refused it. 这就是我拒绝它的原因。 【小试牛刀】 用 when/where/why 填空 1. I miss the days _______ we played together. 2. This is the factory _______ my father works. 3. Tell me the reason _______ you were absent. 4. I will never forget the moment _______ I won the game. 5. This is the library _______ I read books every day. 本板块参考答案： 1. when 2. where 3. why 4. when 5. where 第三大板块：初高中必考特殊规则（衔接重难点） 一、只能用that、不用which的高频情况 先行词特征 考点说明 不定代词修饰（all/everything/nothing等） 先行词为不定代词，关系词只用that 最高级、序数词修饰 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰，只用that the only/the very修饰 表唯一、恰恰，固定用that 先行词既有人又有物 统一用that，不用which/who 【经典例句】 All that he said is true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过最好的书。 He is the only student that passed the exam. 他是唯一通过考试的学生。 We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 我们聊起了记忆中的人和事。 【小试牛刀】 用that/which正确填空 1. This is the first film _______ I have seen this year. 2. Everything _______ he does is good for us. 3. It is the most interesting story _______ I know. 4. They are the only friends _______ I have. 5. We saw the people and dogs _______ were on the street. 本板块参考答案： 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. that 二、只能用which、不用that的高频情况（高中衔接） 句式特征 考点说明 介词提前置于关系词前 介词后固定用which/whom，不用that 非限制性定语从句 逗号隔开的从句，只用which，不用that 【经典例句】 This is the room in which I live. 这就是我居住的房间。（介词提前） The book, which I bought yesterday, is very useful. 这本书非常实用，是我昨天买的。（非限制性从句） 【小试牛刀】 用which/that填空 1. This is the pen with _______ I write every day. 2. The bike, _______ I repaired last night, works well now. 3. The house near the park, _______ we visited last week, is old. 4. This is the tool _______ I use most. 5. The song, _______ he likes best, sounds beautiful. 本板块参考答案： 1. which 2. which 3. which 4. that/which 5. which 三、限制性与非限制性定语从句（高中核心衔接） 从句类型 句式特征 功能与规则 限制性定语从句 无逗号，紧跟先行词 对先行词限定范围，不可删除，可用that 非限制性定语从句 有逗号隔开 对先行词补充说明，可删除，不用that 【经典例句】 My sister who is a doctor lives in Beijing. 我那位当医生的姐姐住在北京。（限制性，限定是当医生的姐姐，不止一个姐姐） My sister, who is a doctor, lives in Beijing. 我的姐姐是一名医生，她住在北京。（非限制性，补充说明姐姐的职业，仅有一个姐姐） The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。（限制性，特指昨天购买的书） The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. 这本书很有趣，是我昨天买的。（非限制性，补充买书的时间） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子为限制性（R）或非限制性（NR）定语从句，并填空 1. The students _______ study hard will succeed.（无逗号） 2. This pen, _______ I like very much, costs little.（有逗号） 3. The city _______ we visited last year is beautiful.（无逗号） 4. His mother, _______ is a teacher, works hard.（有逗号） 5. I still remember the day _______ we first met.（无逗号） 本板块参考答案： 1. who/that（R） 2. which（NR） 3. that/which（R） 4. who（NR） 5. when（R） 第四大板块：定语从句核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 成分判断错误 从句缺主宾用代词，主谓完整用副词 误：the place that I live 正：the place where I live that滥用错误 介词后、逗号后（非限制性）不用that 误：in that 正：in which 关系词重复错误 定语从句中严禁出现与关系词重复的代词 误：the book which I read it 正：the book which I read whose误用 whose可指人也可指物，表所属，无which’s用法 误：the house which’s window 正：the house whose window 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的定语从句错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. This is the best movie which I have ever seen. 2. The place where I visited is beautiful. 3. The book, that I bought, is interesting. 4. I like the room in that I study. 5. The girl who we met her is tall. 6. This is the only pen which I have. 7. I remember the day when I joined it. 8. Everything which he did is great. 9. The reason why he was late it is clear. 10. This is the city where I lived in. 本板块参考答案： 1. which→that 2. where→that/which 3. that→which 4. that→which 5. 去掉her 6. which→that 7. 去掉it 8. which→that 9. 去掉it 10. 去掉in / where→which 第五大板块：定语从句专项综合训练 一、用正确关系词填空（10题） 用合适的关系代词/关系副词填空 1. The man _______ is standing there is my uncle. 2. This is the bag _______ I lost yesterday. 3. I still remember the time _______ we studied together. 4. This is the school _______ I graduated. 5. The boy _______ bike is broken is sad. 6. All _______ you need is time. 7. This is the best gift _______ I have received. 8. The reason _______ he quit is unknown. 9. The person _______ we talked about is a writer. 10. The house _______ windows face north is old. 本板块参考答案：1. who/that 2. which/that 3. when 4. where 5. whose 6. that 7. that 8. why 9. whom/who/that 10. whose 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. The girl _______ is singing on the stage is my classmate. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the park _______ we played games last summer. A. when B. that C. where D. which 3. I will never forget the day _______ I met you. A. when B. where C. why D. which 4. This is the most interesting book _______ I have ever read. A. which B. what C. that D. who 5. The reason _______ he changed his mind is unknown. A. that B. why C. when D. where 6. The pen _______ I bought last week works well. A. what B. who C. which D. whose 7. This is the only chance _______ we have. A. that B. which C. where D. when 8. The house _______ door faces the lake is very quiet. A. which B. that C. whom D. whose 9. This is the room _______ we lived before. A. that B. where C. which D. what 10. All _______ he told me is true. A. that B. which C. what D. who 11. The man _______ we visited yesterday is a scientist. A. which B. whom C. whose D. where 12. The bike, _______ I repaired, looks new now. A. that B. which C. what D. when 13. I miss the days _______ we had no pressure. A. when B. where C. why D. which 14. This is the tool _______ I use to cut paper. A. what B. who C. that D. where 15. The story _______ he told us is very moving. A. when B. what C. where D. that 本板块参考答案： 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 这就是我昨天遇见的那位老师。 This is the teacher _______ _______ yesterday. 2. 我喜欢那些安静的书籍。 I like the books _______ _______ quiet. 3. 我永远不会忘记我们一起学习的日子。 I will never forget the days _______ we studied together. 4. 这是我出生的小镇。 This is the small town _______ I was born. 5. 他就是唯一通过考试的学生。 He is the only student _______ _______ the exam. 6. 我不知道他缺席的原因。 I don’t know the reason _______ he was absent. 7. 窗户朝南的房子很漂亮。 The house _______ window faces south is beautiful. 8. 这是我看过最精彩的电影。 This is the best film _______ I have ever seen. 9. 我们怀念曾经一起玩耍的时光。 We miss the time _______ we played together. 10. 这就是我用过的钢笔。 This is the pen _______ I used before. 本板块参考答案： 1. who/whom/that I met 2. which/that are 3. when 4. where 5. that passed 6. why 7. whose 8. that 9. when 10. that/which 第20天•主谓一致 主谓一致是初高中英语核心基础语法，贯穿语法填空、短文改错、书面表达、完形填空、阅读理解各大题型，是英语造句的底层逻辑。初中阶段仅考查基础单复数匹配、简单语法一致规则；高中大幅拔高，重点考查意义一致、就近/就远特殊句式、特殊主语、分数百分数结构、固定特例搭配等易混重难点。本文严格沿用初高中衔接语法讲义固定体例，梯度分层梳理全部核心考点、经典例句、易错陷阱、分层习题，完全对标定语从句讲义难度与体量，搭建完整主谓一致知识体系。 第一大板块：主谓一致核心基础认知 所谓主谓一致，就是句子的谓语动词必须在人称和数上与句子的主语保持一致。英语所有句式的语法正确性，都建立在主谓一致的基础上，判定核心：先锁定主语，再判定单复数，最后匹配谓语形式。 主谓一致三大黄金原则（全书核心、必考全覆盖）：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 初中侧重表层语法形式一致，高中侧重深层语义、句式结构特殊一致，三大原则贯穿初高中所有考题，是短文改错和写作扣分重灾区。 核心原则 核心定义 考查侧重 语法一致 以主语外在单复数形式为依据，形单谓单、形复谓复 初中基础必考、高中基础题通用 意义一致 不以形式为准，以主语实际表达的语义单复数为准 初高中衔接核心、高频易错题 就近一致 谓语单复数由距离谓语最近的主语成分决定 高中重难点、改错与单选高频考点 核心解题口诀：看形定基义修正，就近就远看结构；集体名词分整体，数量名词看整体。 【经典例句】 He studies English every day. 他每天学英语。（单数主语，语法一致） My class are all fond of music. 我们班同学都喜欢音乐。（表成员，意义一致） There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。（就近原则） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子主谓搭配是否正确，标注正误 1. Everyone in the class is present today. 2. The team are winning the game now. 3. There are some water and apples on the table. 4. Ten years are a long time for a teenager. 5. The police is searching the street. 【参考答案】 1. 正确 2. 正确 3. 错误（are→is，就近不可数water） 4. 错误（are→is，时间整体单数） 5. 错误（is→are，police复数含义） 第二大板块：主谓一致核心考点（初高中全覆盖） 本章分层精讲三大核心原则的细分考点、主语判定标准、谓语匹配规则，完全对标定语从句讲义体例，从基础入门到高阶考点层层递进，覆盖初高中所有常规题型。 一、语法一致原则（初中核心基础） 语法一致是最基础的判定规则：主语形式为单数、不可数，谓语用单数；主语形式为复数，谓语用复数。绝大多数简单句、基础陈述句均遵循此规则。 主语类型 谓语规则 词汇示例 单数可数名词 谓语单数 student, teacher, book, tree 不可数名词 谓语单数 water, money, time, rice, news(误复) 复数可数名词 谓语复数 students, books, parents, days 单数不定代词 谓语单数 each, every, everyone, nobody, something 【经典例句】 Something is wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出故障了。（不定代词单数） Much money is spent on books every year. 每年都有很多钱花在书籍上。（不可数名词） These children play football after school. 这些孩子放学后踢足球。（复数名词） Each of us has a dream. 我们每个人都有一个梦想。（单数不定代词） 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. Nobody _______ (know) the secret of the old house. 2. All the juice _______ (be) drunk by the kids. 3. These new clothes _______ (look) very fashionable. 4. Everyone _______ (have) the right to study. 5. The workers _______ (work) hard every day. 【参考答案】 1. knows 2. is 3. look 4. has 5. work 二、意义一致原则（初高中衔接重难点） 意义一致为初高中最大易错点：主语形式和实际语义单复数不一致，必须弃形式、看语义。形式单数语义复数则谓语复数，形式复数语义单数则谓语单数。 特殊主语分类 详细规则 集体名词：family/team/class/government 表整体机构→单数；表内部成员→复数 学科、消息类复数名词 news, maths, physics, politics 一律单数 复数形式单数含义集合词 people, police, cattle 一律复数 时间、金钱、距离、重量复数 表整体数量概念，谓语统一用单数 【经典例句】 Our class is a united class. 我们班是一个团结的集体。（整体单数） Our class are preparing for the exam. 我们班同学正在备考。（成员复数） Physics is a difficult subject. 物理是一门很难的学科。（学科单数） Fifty yuan is enough for the meal. 五十元足够这顿饭。（金额整体单数） The people are friendly here. 这里的人们很友好。（语义复数） 【小试牛刀】 根据语义填写动词正确形式 1. The team _______ (win) the match yesterday.（整体团队） 2. The team _______ (argue) with each other now.（队内成员） 3. Politics _______ (be) not easy to learn well. 4. Two kilometers _______ (be) a short distance. 5. The police _______ (protect) the safety of citizens. 【参考答案】 1. won 2. are arguing 3. is 4. is 5. protect 三、就近、就远一致原则（高中核心重难点） 就近、就远原则是高中单选、改错必考陷阱点，不受主语核心词影响，完全由句式结构决定谓语形式，分为就近一致和就远一致两类固定句式。 句式结构 一致规则 there be / here be 句型 就近原则，跟随be后第一个名词单复数 either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... 就近原则，谓语跟随最近的主语 as well as / together with / along with 就远原则，跟随最前方核心主语 except / besides / rather than / including 就远原则，修饰成分不影响主语单复数 【经典例句】 Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。（就近单数名词） Neither my parents nor my brother likes smoking.（就近brother单数） The student together with his parents is coming.（就远student单数） Not only the teachers but also the students enjoy the activity.（就近students复数） 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. There _______ (be) some bread and two eggs on the plate. 2. Either you or your brother _______ (have) to clean the room. 3. My mother as well as her friends _______ (shop) on weekends. 4. Not only Tom but also I _______ (be) fond of painting. 5. No one except my classmates _______ (know) the truth. 【参考答案】 1. is 2. has 3. shops 4. am 5. knows 第三大板块：初高中必考特殊规则（衔接重难点） 本板块为初高中衔接拔高考点，完全对标定语从句特殊规则板块，包含并列主语特殊一致、分数百分数结构、特殊不定代词、固定句式特例，是高中高分核心。 一、并列and主语特殊一致规则 并列主语结构 谓语匹配规则 A and B 两个不同人、不同事物 谓语统一用复数 A and B 同一人、同一身份、同一事物 共用一个冠词，谓语用单数 every/each/no + 名词 + and + 同名结构 谓语统一用单数 【经典例句】 The doctor and nurse is busy working. 这位医生兼护士工作很忙。（同一人） The doctor and the nurse are busy working. 医生和护士工作很忙。（两个人） Each day and each hour is precious. 每一分每一秒都很珍贵。 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. Fish and chips _______ (be) a traditional British food.（同一菜品） 2. A teacher and a writer _______ (be) invited to the meeting. 3. No boy and no girl _______ (be) late for school. 4. The singer and dancer _______ (perform) on stage now. 5. History and geography _______ (be) useful subjects. 【参考答案】 1. is 2. are 3. is 4. performs 5. are 二、分数、百分数、数量短语高阶规则 核心结构 谓语规则 分数/百分数 + of + 单数/不可数名词 谓语用单数 分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词 谓语用复数 a number of + 复数名词（许多） 谓语复数 the number of + 复数名词（……数量） 谓语单数 【经典例句】 One third of the room is empty. 三分之一的房间是空的。 Seventy percent of the students are active in class. 百分之七十的学生课堂很积极。 A number of mistakes have been found. 发现了许多错误。 The number of tourists is increasing. 游客数量正在增加。 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. Half of the bread _______ (be) eaten. 2. Three fourths of the buildings _______ (stand) here. 3. A number of volunteers _______ (help) the old every weekend. 4. The number of players _______ (reach) fifty. 5. 60 percent of the work _______ (be) finished. 【参考答案】 1. is 2. stand 3. help 4. reaches 5. is 三、特殊不定代词主谓一致（高中冷门必考） 不定代词类型 谓语规则 all/most/rest + of + 不可数/单数名词 谓语单数 all/most/rest + of + 复数名词 谓语复数 each/either/neither 单独作主语 谓语一律单数 【经典例句】 All of the water is used up. 所有的水都用完了。（all+不可数名词，谓语单数） Most of the students have finished their homework. 大多数学生都完成了作业。（most+复数名词，谓语复数） Rest of the money belongs to her. 剩余的钱归她所有。（rest+不可数名词，谓语单数） Each of the books costs ten yuan. 每本书售价十元。（each单独作主语，谓语单数） Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案没有一个是正确的。（neither单独作主语，谓语单数） 【小试牛刀】 用动词正确形式填空 1. All of the bread _______ (be) eaten by the children. 2. Most of the trees in the park _______ (grow) well in summer. 3. Rest of the work _______ (need) more time and patience. 4. Either of the two plans _______ (work) perfectly. 5. None of the news _______ (be) surprising to us. 【参考答案】 1. is 2. grow 3. needs 4. works 5. is 第四大板块：主谓一致核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 集体名词单复数混淆 只看形式不看语义，整体单、成员复 误：My family are big. 正：is s结尾名词误判复数 news、学科类单词形式复、语义单 误：News are bad. 正：is a/the number of 混淆 a number of表多(复)，the number of表数量(单) 误：The number are 50. 正：is 就近就远句式误用 as well as 修饰成分不改变主语单复数 误：He as well as I like it. 正：likes 数量名词复数误用 时间、金钱、距离表整体，谓语单数 误：Five years are long. 正：is 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的主谓一致错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. Our group are a perfect team.（表整体） 2. Politics are one of my favorite subjects. 3. There is three apples and a banana on the table. 4. A number of student joins the club every year. 5. The headmaster together with teachers are visiting. 6. Neither the kids nor the mother are tired. 7. One hundred dollars are too expensive. 8. The number of workers are increasing fast. 9. The writer and the artist is coming tonight. 10. Most of the water are polluted now. 【参考答案】 1. are→is 2. are→is 3. is→are 4. student→students / joins→join 5. are→is 6. are→is 7. are→is 8. are→is 9. is→are 10. are→is 第五大板块：主谓一致专项综合训练 一、用动词正确形式填空 根据主谓一致规则，用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. Each of the students _______ (pass) the exam successfully. 2. The whole class _______ (discuss) the problem now.（成员） 3. There _______ (be) a pair of shoes under the bed. 4. The number of foreign visitors _______ (grow) every year. 5. He as well as his classmates _______ (enjoy) reading novels. 6. Seventy percent of the countryside _______ (be) covered with trees. 7. Either your sister or you _______ (be) responsible for the mistake. 8. The latest news _______ (prove) his idea is right. 9. Every man and every woman _______ (have) equal rights. 10. A number of new books _______ (arrive) in our library. 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. All that can be done _______ already been done. A. is B. are C. has D. have 2. His family _______ all music lovers. A. is B. are C. was D. be 3. There _______ little water and few oranges in the fridge. A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. The number of people attending the meeting _______ 200. A. are B. is C. have D. has 5. Neither Tom nor his parents _______ at home yesterday. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. Lucy, together with her deskmate, _______ volunteer work every week. A. do B. does C. did D. doing 7. Fifteen minutes _______ enough for you to finish it. A. is B. are C. were D. was 8. Maths _______ my strongest subject. A. are B. is C. were D. be 9. A number of young people _______ interested in traditional culture. A. become B. becomes C. has become D. is becoming 10. No student and no teacher _______ late for school. A. allow B. allows C. is allowed D. are allowed 11. Most of the apples in the basket _______ rotten. A. is B. are C. was D. be 12. The writer and speaker _______ going to give a lecture. A. is B. are C. were D. be 13. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ the rule. A. obey B. obeys C. obeying D. obeyed 14. The police _______ always ready to protect people. A. is B. are C. was D. be 15. Much of his time _______ spent on study. A. is B. are C. were D. be 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 我们学校的老师数量是八十人。 The number of teachers in our school _______ _______. 2. 许多学生积极参加体育锻炼。 _______ _______ _______ students take exercise actively. 3. 不仅他，我也擅长打篮球。 Not only he but also I _______ _______ _______ playing basketball. 4. 十年是一段漫长的人生时光。 Ten years _______ _______ long time in life. 5. 我们全家都喜欢短途旅行。 My family _______ all _______ short trips. 6. 桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。 There _______ two pens and a book on the desk. 7. 物理对大多数学生来说很难。 Physics _______ _______ for most students. 8. 这位歌手兼演员深受年轻人喜爱。 The singer and actor _______ very popular among young people. 9. 这位老师和学生们都喜欢阅读。 The teacher as well as the students _______ _______. 10. 百分之八十的森林被保护了起来。 Eighty percent of the forest _______ protected. 第五大板块 专项训练参考答案 【动词形式填空】1. passes 2. are discussing 3. is 4. grows 5. enjoys 6. is 7. are 8. proves 9. has 10. have arrived 【单项填空】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.A 【完成句子】1. is eighty 2. A number of 3. am good at 4. is a 5. love 6. are 7. is hard 8. is 9. likes reading 10. is 第21天•语法专项训练 一、初高中英语句法板块语法综合专项（句式/成分/时态语态/非谓语/从句/主谓一致） 本套综合训练全覆盖高中核心语法体系：七大句子成分、简单句句式、并列句、复合句、时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、主谓一致。题型标准化、考点不重复、难度梯度适配初高中衔接，可用于月考、期末复习、语法查漏补缺，每题独立附带详细答案解析，适合自学订正、课堂讲解。 一、句子填空 根据语境、时态、语态、非谓语、从句、主谓一致规则，用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. _______ (see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 2. The book _______ (buy) yesterday is very interesting. 3. He _______ (learn) English for six years so far. 4. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ (like) reading. 5. I don’t know _______ he will come or not. 6. The man _______ is talking with our teacher is my uncle. 7. My parents allow me _______ (play) basketball on weekends. 8. Water _______ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. 9. I was reading books while my sister _______ (watch) TV. 10. The number of students in our class _______ (be) 45. 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，覆盖句式结构、并列复合句、时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、主谓一致核心考点。 1. _______ is important for us to learn English well. A. That B. It C. This D. One 2. The story _______ I read last night was very moving. A. which B. what C. who D. where 3. My brother _______ TV when I got home yesterday. A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. is watching 4. A number of trees _______ planted in our school every year. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. He decided _______ hard to pass the coming exam. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 6. Work hard, _______ you will fail the exam. A. and B. so C. or D. but 7. English _______ widely _______ all over the world now. A. is; used B. was; used C. does; use D. has; used 8. Neither my sister nor I _______ good at dancing. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. I wonder _______ you can help me with my English. A. that B. if C. what D. how 10. _______ (Finish) his homework, he went out to play. A. Finish B. Finishing C. Having finished D. Finished 11. The house _______ window faces south is mine. A. which B. that C. whose D. where 12. Ten years _______ a short time in human history. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. He has lived here _______ he was five years old. A. when B. since C. before D. until 14. The teacher together with his students _______ cleaning the classroom now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15. It takes me two hours _______ my homework every day. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 16. This is the best movie _______ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. when 17. Great changes _______ in our city in the past ten years. A. take place B. took place C. have taken place D. are taking place 18. Most of the water on the earth _______ sea water. A. is B. are C. was D. were 19. _______ you study hard, you will get good grades. A. If B. Unless C. Though D. Because 20. The man _______ by the police just now is a thief. A. caught B. catching C. to catch D. catch 三、完成句子 根据中文提示补全英文句子，每空一词，综合考查句式结构、从句、非谓语、主谓一致、固定搭配等核心考点。 1. 读书对我们有益。 _______ _______ is good for us. 2. 这就是我昨天买的钢笔。 This is the pen _______ _______ _______ yesterday. 3. 不仅我妹妹，我也喜欢画画。 Not only my sister but also I _______ _______. 4. 这座桥是三年前建造的。 The bridge _______ _______ three years ago. 5. 我不确定他是否会准时到达。 I’m not sure _______ he will arrive on time _______ _______. 6. 每天跑步是我的习惯。 _______ _______ every day is my habit. 7. 我们班所有人都喜欢听音乐。 All of our class _______ _______ to music. 8. 他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。 He is the only student _______ _______ passed the exam. 9. 随着年龄增长，我们变得更成熟。 We become more mature _______ we grow older. 10. 许多树木被种植在山坡上。 _______ _______ _______ trees are planted on the hillside. 四、短文填空 阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，综合考查时态、语态、非谓语、定语从句、主谓一致、句式结构等全部核心语法，沉浸式综合运用考点。 Life 1. _______ (be) full of challenges and chances. Every person who 2. _______ (study) hard can get progress. Last year, a lot of tasks 3. _______ (give) to us by our teachers. We tried our best 4. _______ (finish) them on time. There 5. _______ (be) much knowledge we need to learn every day. Our class, which 6. _______ (be) a warm group, always supports each other. Most of students enjoy 7. _______ (help) classmates in need. 8. _______ (learn) grammar well is necessary for English learners. We believe that we 9. _______ (make) greater progress in the future if we keep practicing. Nothing is impossible for those who never 10. _______ (give) up. 参考答案与详细解析 一、句子填空 答案解析 1. Seen；非谓语动词作状语，主语the park与see为被动关系，用过去分词表被动。 2. bought；非谓语动词作后置定语，book与buy为被动、完成关系，用过去分词。 3. has learned；时态考查，so far（迄今为止）为现在完成时标志，主语为单数，用has done。 4. likes；主谓一致就近原则，not only…but also…谓语跟随最近单数主语the teacher。 5. whether；宾语从句固定搭配，whether…or not 为固定句式，意为“是否”。 6. who/that；定语从句，先行词为人，从句缺主语，用who或that引导。 7. to play；非谓语固定搭配，allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）。 8. boils；一般现在时，客观真理、客观事实用一般现在时，water为不可数名词，谓语单数。 9. was watching；过去进行时，while引导时间状语从句，主从句动作同时进行，时态一致。 10. is；主谓一致，the number of 表示“……的数量”，作主语谓语用单数。 二、单项填空 答案解析 1. B；固定句型 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事……），it 作形式主语。 2. A；定语从句，先行词为物（story），从句缺宾语，用which/that引导。 3. C；过去进行时，when引导瞬间动作，主句用过去进行时，表过去正在发生的动作。 4. B；主谓一致，a number of+复数名词表“许多”，谓语用复数；every year为一般现在时。 5. B；非谓语固定搭配，decide to do sth.（决定做某事）。 6. C；并列句固定句型，祈使句+or+陈述句，表“否则、要不然”。 7. A；一般现在时被动语态，now为现在时标志，be used 表“被使用”。 8. C；主谓一致就近原则，neither…nor…谓语跟随最近主语I，对应be动词am。 9. B；宾语从句，if意为“是否”，符合句意“我想知道你能否帮我学英语”。 10. C；非谓语现在分词完成式，表动作先于主句动作完成，先写完作业再出去玩。 11. C；定语从句，whose表所属关系，whose window 意为“房子的窗户”。 12. A；主谓一致，时间复数名词表整体概念，谓语用单数，客观事实用一般现在时。 13. B；现在完成时标志词，since+过去时间点，表“自从……以来”。 14. A；主谓一致就远原则，as well as/together with 修饰成分不影响主语，核心主语the teacher为单数。 15. C；固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth.（花费某人时间做某事）。 16. B；定语从句最高级特例，先行词被最高级修饰，只能用that引导。 17. C；现在完成时，in the past ten years（近十年来）是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，动作从过去持续到现在，故用have taken place。 18. A；主谓一致规则，most of+不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，客观事实用一般现在时。 19. A；条件状语从句，if引导真实条件句，遵循“主将从现”规则，意为“如果努力学习，就能取得好成绩”。 20. A；非谓语动词作后置定语，the man与catch之间为被动关系，用过去分词caught表被动、完成。 三、完成句子 答案解析 1. Reading books；动名词短语作句子主语，动词原形不能直接作主语，泛指读书这一行为。 2. I bought；定语从句，先行词为the pen，关系代词that/which作宾语可省略，yesterday提示时态为一般过去时。 3. like drawing；主谓一致就近原则，谓语跟随就近主语I；固定搭配like doing sth. 喜欢做某事。 4. was built；一般过去时被动语态，bridge与build为被动关系，three years ago为过去时标志。 5. whether; or not；宾语从句固定搭配，只有whether可与or not连用，表“是否”，if不可替换。 6. Running / Jogging；动名词作句子主语，符合英语句式规则，表达日常跑步的习惯。 7. like listening；主谓一致，class此处指代班级全体成员，表复数含义；listen to music为固定搭配。 8. who has；定语从句，先行词被the only修饰，只能用who引导；先行词为单数，谓语用单数形式。 9. as；时间状语从句，as表“随着”，引导伴随状语，贴合语境。 10. A number of；固定短语，a number of 修饰复数名词，意为“许多、大量”，谓语用复数。 四、短文填空 答案解析 1. is；一般现在时，阐述客观真理，life为不可数名词，作主语谓语用单数。 2. studies；定语从句主谓一致，先行词person为单数，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 3. were given；一般过去时被动语态，tasks与give为被动关系，last year提示过去时，主语为复数。 4. to finish；非谓语固定搭配，try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事。 5. is；there be句型就近原则，be动词后much knowledge为不可数名词，故用单数is。 6. is；非限制性定语从句，先行词class指代班级整体，为单数概念，谓语用单数。 7. helping；非谓语固定搭配，enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事，后接动名词作宾语。 8. Learning；动名词短语作句子主语，动词原形不能直接充当主语，表“学好语法”这一行为。 9. will make；一般将来时，if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”规则，in the future表将来。 10. give；定语从句，先行词those指代复数人，从句谓语动词用原形。 二、初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划全考点专项训练 （一）语法单项填空 1. My dream is to be ___ excellent English teacher in the future. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. We can gain lots of new ___ from every lesson in our daily study. A. knowledge B. knowledges C. skill D. skills 3. Practicing speaking is ___ than memorizing words only for English study. A. helpful B. more helpful C. most helpful D. helpfully 4. You must write down notes ___ carefully when teachers explain key points. A. much B. more C. very D. most 5. We should ___ good habits and get rid of bad ones in teenage life. A. develop B. grow C. increase D. raise 6. Nobody can help us except ___, so we must rely on ourselves firmly. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 7. Four ___ of the students in our class like reading English in the morning. A. fifth B. fifths C. five D. fives 8. Many students feel relaxed ___ rainy days with soft wind and light rain. A. in B. on C. at D. for 9. Don’t waste time on meaningless things, ___ you will regret it finally. A. and B. but C. or D. so 10. The ___ of learning lies in persistence and continuous effort. A. important B. importance C. importantly D. import 11. The number of books in our school library ___ increasing every year. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. keeping 12. I ___ many classic English articles since I entered junior high school. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned 13. This kind of new teaching method ___ widely used in modern schools now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 14. She refuses ___ up easily whenever she meets study difficulties. A. give B. giving C. to give D. given 15. The story ___ moved me deeply was written by a young student. A. which B. what C. when D. where 16. Neither drinking nor smoking ___ allowed for teenagers at school. A. is B. are C. was D. were 17. It is obvious ___ hard work always leads to satisfying results. A. whether B. if C. that D. what 18. I will keep on studying hard ___ I can enter my ideal senior school. A. so that B. because C. though D. if 19. ___ confident in yourself is the first step to achieve your dreams. A. Be B. Being C. Been D. To being 20. Most of the grass on the hill ___ green and lively in spring time. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案解析 1. B；excellent元音音素开头，泛指一名优秀的老师，用an。 2. A；knowledge为不可数名词，无复数，表“知识、学识”。 3. B；than提示比较级，helpful比较级为more helpful。 4. C；副词very修饰carefully，表“非常认真地”，贴合语境。 5. A；固定搭配develop good habits，表“养成好习惯”。 6. B；except为介词，后接人称代词宾格us作宾语。 7. B；分数表达，分子大于一，分母序数词变复数fifths。 8. B；具体修饰的天气、日期前，统一使用介词on。 9. C；祈使句+or表警示，否则会为浪费时间后悔。 10. B；名词importance作主语，表“重要性”，符合句子结构。 11. B；the number of作主语谓语单数，every year表常态用一般现在时。 12. C；since引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时。 13. A；主谓一致，this kind单数，一般现在时被动用is。 14. C；固定搭配refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事。 15. A；定语从句，先行词为物、缺主语，which可引导。 16. A；就近原则，neither...nor...谓语跟随最近的smoking单数。 17. C；that引导主语从句，it作形式主语，固定句型。 18. A；目的状语从句，so that表“为了、以便”。 19. B；动名词短语作主语，表泛指“保持自信”这一行为。 20. A；grass为不可数名词，most of修饰后谓语用单数is。 （二）单句语法填空 1. Reading English news every day ________ (improve) our language sense and learning ability gradually. 2. It is necessary for teenagers ________ (develop) good learning habits in their daily study life. 3. The little boy is proud ________ his excellent performance in the recent school sports meeting. 4. This precious old book ________ (keep) in our big family for more than thirty years. 5. ________ we stick to steady hard work, we will surely get satisfying final results. 6. Her sincere ________ (kind) makes her popular among classmates and teachers around her. 7. The quiet park ________ we often take a walk looks very beautiful in warm spring. 8. We should learn ________ (help) others and cherish every warm friendship around us all. 9. Plenty of students ________ (take) part in meaningful volunteer activities every weekend. 10. Precious time ________ (value) more than money for every hard-working student. 答案解析 1. improves；一般现在时，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数三单形式。 2. to develop；固定句型It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 3. of；固定搭配be proud of，意为“为……感到自豪”。 4. has been kept；现在完成时被动语态，for+时间段表动作持续至今，书是被保存。 5. If；条件状语从句连词，表“如果”，遵循主将从现规则。 6. kindness；词性转换，形容词变名词，作句子主语，意为“善良”。 7. where；定语从句关系副词，先行词为地点，从句缺地点状语。 8. to help；固定搭配learn to do sth.，意为“学会做某事”。 9. take；一般现在时，plenty of students为复数主语，谓语用原形。 10. is valued；一般现在时被动语态，时间是被珍惜，主语为不可数名词。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $