人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划（16-18）

人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 （16-18） 第16天•动词时态 动词时态是初高中英语语法的基石，也是初高中衔接的核心重难点。初中侧重八大基础时态的识别与简单运用，题型以单选、填空为主；高中则要求熟练辨析时态差异、掌握特殊时态用法、结合语境精准判断，适配长难句、短文改错、读后续写等高阶题型。本篇讲义严格贴合初高中衔接考情，系统梳理英语核心八大时态，按照“概念讲解+核心考点+表格总结+经典例句+针对性练习”的固定体例编排，精准填补初高中知识断层。同时汇总时态高频易错点、易混辨析场景，搭配分层专项训练，帮助学生彻底吃透时态用法，摆脱时态混淆、时间状语误用、语境判断失误等问题，为高中英语句式运用和写作提分筑牢核心基础。 第一大板块：基础时态总论 英语时态通过动词形式变化，体现动作发生的时间与状态，核心分为“过去、现在、将来”三大时间轴，搭配“一般、进行、完成、完成进行”四种状态，构成初高中八大核心时态。时态解题核心逻辑：看时间状语、判动作状态、定动词形式，是所有语法题型的底层基础。 1. 一般现在时 核心用法 考点解析 经常性、习惯性动作；客观真理、客观事实；现阶段常态 动词形式：主语三单动词变形（+s/es），其余用原形；高频时间状语：usually、often、sometimes、every day/week、always；必考重点：客观真理永用一般现在时，不受句子时态影响，是改错与填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 I get up at six o’clock every morning. 我每天早上六点起床。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转动。 My mother cooks breakfast for me every day. 妈妈每天为我做早餐。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 They play basketball after school every Friday. 他们每周五放学后打篮球。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My father often _______ (watch) TV in the evening. 2. Light _______ (travel) faster than sound. 3. They usually _______ (play) basketball after school. 4. Water _______ (boil) when it is heated enough. 5. She always _______ (help) others in her free time. 2. 一般过去时 核心用法 考点解析 过去某个时间发生的动作；过去习惯性动作，现已结束 动词形式：规则动词+ed，不规则动词记特殊变形；高频时间状语：yesterday、last year、just now、in 2020、ago；核心考点：动作发生在过去、与现在无关联，区别于现在完成时。 【经典例句】 I visited my grandparents last weekend. 我上周末看望了祖父母。 He lived here five years ago. 他五年前住在这里。 I finished my math homework yesterday. 我昨天完成了数学作业。 She bought a new notebook just now. 她刚才买了一本新笔记本。 We watched a wonderful movie last night. 我们昨晚看了一场精彩的电影。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. She _______ (finish) her homework just now. 2. We _______ (go) to the park yesterday afternoon. 3. He _______ (be) late for school yesterday. 4. I _______ (buy) a new pen yesterday morning. 5. They _______ (play) football last Sunday. 3. 一般将来时 核心用法 考点解析 将来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 三种核心结构：will+动词原形、be going to+动词原形、be about to+动词原形；高频时间状语：tomorrow、next week、in the future、soon；考点辨析：be going to侧重计划、迹象，will侧重临时决定、主观意愿。 【经典例句】 I will take part in the sports meeting tomorrow. 我明天将参加运动会。 She is going to learn swimming this summer vacation. 她打算今年暑假学游泳。 We are going to have a picnic this weekend. 我们这周末打算去野餐。 He will visit his old friend next week. 他下周将会拜访老朋友。 It is going to rain heavily in the afternoon. 下午将会下大雨。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. We _______ (have) a math test next Monday. 2. Look at the clouds! It _______ (rain) soon. 3. I _______ (help) you with your homework later. 4. She _______ (visit) her grandparents next Sunday. 5. They _______ (take) part in the singing competition tomorrow. 4. 现在进行时 核心用法 考点解析 此时此刻正在进行的动作；现阶段持续进行的动作 动词形式：am/is/are+doing；高频时间状语：now、look!、listen!、at present；初高中衔接考点：瞬间动词进行时表将来（come/go/leave），如be coming即将到来。 【经典例句】 Look! The birds are flying in the sky. 看！鸟儿正在天空飞翔。 My mother is cooking dinner now. 妈妈现在正在做晚饭。 Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人正在教室里唱歌。 My brother is playing computer games now. 我的弟弟此刻正在玩电脑游戏。 We are preparing for the coming exam these days. 我们这些天正在为即将到来的考试做准备。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Listen! Someone _______ (sing) in the classroom. 2. They _______ (study) for the exam these days. 3. My brother _______ (play) computer games now. 4. Look! The little girl _______ (dance) under the tree. 5. My parents _______ (work) in the garden now. 5. 过去进行时 核心用法 考点解析 过去某个时刻/时间段正在进行的动作 动词形式：was/were+doing；高频时间状语：at that time、at 8 o’clock yesterday、when/while引导的过去场景；高频考点：过去进行时+一般过去时连用，表“长动作被短动作打断”。 【经典例句】 I was reading books at 9 o’clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看书。 He was walking home when it began to rain. 他正走回家，这时突然下雨了。 They were talking loudly at that moment. 那一刻他们正在大声交谈。 She was doing her homework at seven yesterday evening. 昨晚七点她正在写作业。 My father was watching TV when I got home. 我到家时爸爸正在看电视。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ (watch) TV when my father came back. 2. They _______ (talk) loudly at that moment. 3. She _______ (do) homework at 7 yesterday evening. 4. He _______ (walk) in the park when he met his friend. 5. We _______ (study) English at 8 last night. 第二大板块：初高中衔接核心难点时态 本板块时态是初高中核心衔接难点，初中仅简单认知，高中重点考查语境辨析、时态混用、固定句式，是语法填空、改错、长难句解析的高频考点，需重点掌握状态差异与用法区别。 1. 现在完成时 核心用法 考点解析 过去动作持续到现在；过去动作对现在造成影响 动词形式：have/has+过去分词；高频状语：already、yet、ever、never、since、for；核心衔接考点：since+过去时间点，for+时间段；瞬间动词不可与时间段连用，需转换延续动词，是高中最高频易错点。 【经典例句】 I have learned English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语。 She has finished her homework already. 她已经完成了作业。 He has lived in this city since 2018. 他从2018年起就住在这座城市。 I have never been to Beijing before. 我以前从未去过北京。 They have visited the museum twice. 他们已经参观过这座博物馆两次了。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He _______ (live) here since 2018. 2. I _______ (not finish) my homework yet. 3. They _______ (visit) Beijing twice. 4. She _______ (learn) piano for three years. 5. We _______ (not see) each other since last winter. 2. 过去完成时 核心用法 考点解析 过去的过去，过去某动作之前已完成的动作 动词形式：had+过去分词；核心判定逻辑：句中存在两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；高频搭配：by the time+过去时间、before+过去动作，是高中时态辨析重难点。 【经典例句】 By the time I got up, my mother had cooked breakfast. 我起床时，妈妈已经做好了早饭。 He had left before I arrived. 我到达之前，他就已经离开了。 The teacher had started teaching when we rushed in. 我们冲进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 I had finished all my homework before my parents came back. 父母回来前我已经写完了所有作业。 By last month, she had mastered basic English grammar. 到上个月为止，她已经掌握了基础英语语法。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. By last year, he _______ (learn) English for five years. 2. When I rushed to the classroom, the teacher _______ (start) teaching. 3. She _______ (finish) the work before her boss came back. 4. By the time the bell rang, we _______ (finish) our test. 5. He _______ (leave) the office before I called him. 3. 将来进行时（拓展衔接） 核心用法 考点解析 将来某个时刻正在进行的动作 动词形式：will be+doing；侧重将来动作的持续性、确定性，无主观随意性；多用于高中写作与长难句理解，区别于一般将来时的笼统将来。 【经典例句】 I will be studying at school this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将正在学校学习。 She will be waiting for you at the station at 8 tomorrow morning. 明天早上八点她会在车站等你。 This time next week, we will be travelling in Sanya. 下周这个时候，我们将正在三亚旅行。 He will be having a meeting at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午三点他将正在开会。 My family will be enjoying our holiday this time next month. 下个月这个时候我们全家将正在度假。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. This time next week, we _______ (travel) in Sanya. 2. He _______ (have) a meeting at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. 3. I _______ (study) in the library this time tomorrow. 4. They _______ (play) basketball this time next Sunday. 5. She _______ (prepare) for the exam at 9 tomorrow morning. 第三板块：时态核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 现在完成时时间段误用 瞬间动词（buy/leave/join）不能与for/since时间段连用，需换延续动词 误：He has left for 3 years. 正：He has been away for 3 years. 过去完成时滥用 无两个过去动作对比，禁止使用过去完成时，只需用一般过去时 误：I had visited Beijing last year. 正：I visited Beijing last year. 客观真理时态错误 宾语从句中，客观真理始终用一般现在时，不受主句过去时态影响 误：He said the earth was round. 正：He said the earth is round. 将来时态混用 有迹象、有计划用be going to，临时决定只能用will，不可混用 误：I am going to help you just now. 正：I will help you just now. 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 下列每句均有一处语法错误，请找出并改正（聚焦本章时态高频易错点） 1. He has joined the club for two years. 2. She told me that light traveled faster than sound. 3. I had seen the movie yesterday. 4. Look! It will rain. 5. They finished their homework already. 6. By the time he arrived, the meeting began. 7. I am living here for five years. 8. He will watching TV tomorrow evening. 9. When I was young, I often play football. 10. The teacher said that the sun rose in the east. 第四板块：动词时态专项综合训练 一、句子填空（10题） 根据语境用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. My mother usually _______ (get) up early in the morning. 2. I _______ (read) a book when my friend called me. 3. They _______ (know) each other since 2019. 4. By the time we got to the station, the train _______ (leave). 5. Look! The children _______ (play) happily in the park. 6. She _______ (visit) her uncle next Sunday. 7. He _______ (not eat) breakfast yet. 8. I _______ (study) in this school for three years. 9. They _______ (watch) TV at 8 last night. 10. Water _______ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. —Where is your father? —He _______ flowers in the garden now. A. waters B. is watering C. watered D. has watered 2. He _______ in this city since he was a child. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 3. By the time I woke up, my dad _______ to work already. A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. would go 4. I _______ TV every evening, but tonight I am busy. A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. have watched 5. Listen! Someone _______ in the next room. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. sang 6. She _______ to Beijing with her parents next week. A. travel B. traveled C. will travel D. has traveled 7. When I _______ young, I liked playing games. A. am B. was C. have been D. had been 8. Our teacher told us that the earth _______ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone 9. They _______ the movie twice, so they don’t want to watch it again. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen 10. He _______ homework at 9 o’clock last night. A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing 11. Hurry up! We _______ late for school. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been 12. I _______ this book for a week. It’s very interesting. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. was reading 13. Before he went to bed, he _______ his homework. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had finished 14. This time tomorrow, I _______ in the library. A. study B. studied C. will study D. will be studying 15. —Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes, I _______ there last year. A. go B. went C. have gone D. had gone 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词 1. 我已经完成了我的家庭作业。 I _______ _______ my homework already. 2. 昨天八点我正在洗澡。 I _______ _______ a shower at 8 yesterday evening. 3. 他自从五岁就开始学英语了。 He _______ _______ English since he was five. 4. 明天这个时候我将正在上课。 I _______ _______ _______ a class this time tomorrow. 5. 我爸爸每天晚上都看书。 My father _______ books every evening. 6. 我们下周将要去野餐。 We _______ _______ for a picnic next week. 7. 他来之前我已经完成了工作。 I _______ _______ the work before he came. 8. 看！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 Look! The birds _______ _______ in the tree. 9. 宇宙围绕太阳运转是客观事实。 The universe _______ around the sun. 10. 我昨天拜访了我的老师。 I _______ my teacher yesterday. 第17天•动词语态 语态是初高中英语语法核心衔接重难点。初中侧重被动语态基础结构识别，高中侧重特殊语态、主动表被动、无被动动词等进阶考点，广泛用于语法填空、短文改错、书面表达。本文系统梳理语态核心规则、时态结构、高频考点与易错点，搭配例句和分层习题，高效夯实语态知识。 第一大板块：语态核心基础认知 英语语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是动作执行者，被动语态中主语是动作承受者。考试核心考查被动语态的结构、时态匹配及特殊用法辨析。 语态分类 核心含义 基础句式 主动语态 主语发出动作，人为、主动执行行为 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 被动语态 主语承受动作，突出受事对象、客观陈述 主语 + be + 过去分词(done) (+by+执行者) 核心前提：仅及物动词/动词短语有被动语态；不及物动词（happen、take place、break out等）无被动形式，为高频易错点。 【经典例句】 We water the flowers every day. 我们每天浇花。（主动） The flowers are watered every day. 花儿每天被浇灌。（被动） He cleans his room every morning. 他每天早上打扫房间。（主动） His room is cleaned every morning. 他的房间每天早上被打扫。（被动） People speak English widely. 人们广泛使用英语。（主动） English is widely spoken. 英语被广泛使用。（被动） Students finish homework on time. 学生按时完成作业。（主动） Homework is finished on time. 作业被按时完成。（被动） Workers build bridges every year. 工人每年修建桥梁。（主动） Bridges are built every year. 桥梁每年被修建。（被动） 【小试牛刀】 判断句子语态，并将主动句改为被动句、被动句改为主动句 1. Farmers grow rice in summer.（改为被动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2. Many trees are planted every spring.（改为主动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3. Teachers correct students’ mistakes daily.（改为被动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4. The classroom is cleaned by students every day.（改为主动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5. They hold the school sports meeting every year.（改为被动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第二大板块：八大时态被动语态（初高中核心） 被动语态时态变化仅体现在be动词上，过去分词done形式固定不变。以下全覆盖初高中八大时态被动核心考点。 1. 一般现在时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 am/is/are + done 表经常性动作、客观真理或规章制度，主谓一致跟随主语单复数变化，为基础高频考点。 【经典例句】 Trees are planted every spring. 每年春天都会种树。 English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 Homework is finished on time by most students. 大多数学生都会按时完成作业。 These books are kept in our school library. 这些书存放在我们学校图书馆。 Rules are made to keep order. 规则是为了维持秩序而制定的。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Many flowers _______ (water) every day in the garden. 2. This kind of bike _______ (sell) very well in our city. 3. Students _______ (require) to wear school uniforms on weekdays. 4. The window _______ (clean) every morning. 5. Useful knowledge _______ (teach) by our teachers every class. 2. 一般过去时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 was/were + done 描述过去时间的被动动作，搭配过去时间状语，重点规避was/were主谓一致错误。 【经典例句】 My bike was repaired yesterday. 我的自行车昨天被修好了。 A new park was built in our neighborhood last year. 去年我们小区建了一个新公园。 These letters were sent just now. 这些信件刚刚被寄出。 The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 会议昨天下午举行。 Many trees were planted on the hill last spring. 去年春天山上种了很多树。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. The old house _______ (pull) down last month. 2. Many mistakes _______ (find) in his homework yesterday. 3. I _______ (invite) to the party last night. 4. The sports meeting _______ (hold) last Friday. 5. These toys _______ (make) by workers last year. 3. 一般将来时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done 表计划、安排类将来被动动作，常用于书面表达升级句式。 【经典例句】 A new library will be built in our school next year. 明年我们学校将新建一座图书馆。 The problem is going to be solved soon. 这个问题很快就会被解决。 All the homework will be checked after class. 所有作业将在课后被检查。 More trees will be planted to protect the environment. 将会种植更多树木保护环境。 The sports meeting will be held next week. 运动会将于下周举办。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. A new bridge _______ (build) over the river next year. 2. Your mistakes _______ (correct) by the teacher later. 3. All the books _______ (return) to the library tomorrow. 4. The room _______ (clean) before guests come. 5. More rules _______ (make) to improve our school life. 4. 现在进行时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 am/is/are being + done 表当下或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，必考易错点：不可遗漏being。 【经典例句】 Look! The classroom is being cleaned by the students. 看！同学们正在打扫教室。 A new teaching building is being built now. 一栋新的教学楼正在建设中。 The problem is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题正在会议上被讨论。 These books are being sorted out by the volunteers. 志愿者正在整理这些书籍。 My homework is being checked by my teacher. 我的作业正在被老师批改。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Listen! A new song _______ (sing) in the hall. 2. Look! The roads _______ (repair) by workers now. 3. The question _______ (talk) about by students these days. 4. All the mistakes _______ (fix) right now. 5. A new plan _______ (develop) by our team. 5. 过去进行时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 was/were being + done 表过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，常搭配过去特定时间状语，属于高中进阶考点。 【经典例句】 I was told not to make noise when the exam was being held. 考试进行时，我被告知不要吵闹。 The room was being cleaned when I arrived. 我到达时，房间正在被打扫。 The plan was being discussed at 9 o’clock last night. 昨晚九点这个计划正在被讨论。 New rules were being made at that time. 那时新的规则正在被制定。 The broken bridge was being repaired last winter. 去年冬天这座断桥正在被修缮。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. The little boy _______ (laugh) at by others when I saw him. 2. The report _______ (write) by her at 8 last night. 3. Many houses _______ (build) in this area last year. 4. The problem _______ (solve) when I joined the discussion. 5. Old trees _______ (protect) by workers at that moment. 6. 现在完成时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 have/has been + done 表已完成的被动动作，对现在产生影响，常搭配since、for、recently等时态标志词。 【经典例句】 My homework has been finished already. 我的作业已经写完了。 Many new houses have been built in our town. 我们镇上已经建了很多新房子。 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已经被翻译成多种语言。 All the mistakes have been corrected by the teacher. 所有错误都已被老师订正。 The old rules have been changed recently. 旧的规则近期已被修改。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Lots of trees _______ (plant) here in the past few years. 2. The work _______ (finish) already by them. 3. Many books _______ (send) to the village school so far. 4. This problem _______ (solve) already. 5. Some new words _______ (learn) by us recently. 7. 过去完成时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 had been + done 表“过去的过去”完成的被动动作，多用于by the time、before引导的过去语境。 【经典例句】 By the time I got up, my breakfast had been prepared. 我起床时，早餐已经准备好了。 The bridge had been finished before winter came. 冬天来临前，这座桥就已完工。 All the tickets had been sold out when we arrived. 我们到达时，所有门票已售罄。 The problem had been solved before the meeting started. 会议开始前问题已被解决。 New lessons had been learned before the new term began. 新学期开始前，新课已经被预习完毕。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. By last year, many buildings _______ (build) in this city. 2. When we got there, all the seats _______ (take) already. 3. The task _______ (complete) before my teacher came back. 4. The news _______ (spread) before we knew it. 5. All the books _______ (arrange) before the library opened. 8. 情态动词被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 情态动词 + be + done 情态动词（must/should/can/need）后接be+done原形，表被动情态，是改错、写作高频考点。 【经典例句】 Waste must be stopped in our daily life. 日常生活中必须杜绝浪费。 Homework should be finished on time. 作业应该按时完成。 Trees should be protected by everyone. 树木应该被每个人保护。 The problem can be solved in many ways. 这个问题可以用很多方法解决。 Rules must be obeyed strictly. 规则必须被严格遵守。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Children _______ (take) good care of by parents. 2. The work _______ (finish) before you leave. 3. Noise _______ (not allow) in the reading room. 4. Your questions _______ (answer) by the teacher later. 5. Old books _______ (keep) well for future use. 第三大板块：特殊动词语态结构（初高中进阶重难点） 1. 主动表被动高频固定句型 核心句型/动词 考点解析 sell/wash/write/lock 描述事物固有属性、特质时，主动形式表被动含义，多用一般现在时、副词修饰。 need doing 固定结构：need doing = need to be done，表“某物需要被处理”，为高频替换考点。 be worth doing be worth doing 主动表被动，意为“值得被……”，无be worth being done结构。 【经典例句】 This novel reads smoothly and sells well. 这本小说读起来流畅、销路很好。 The window locks easily in winter. 这扇窗户冬天很容易锁上。 Your hair needs cutting. = Your hair needs to be cut. 你的头发需要剪了。 This scenic spot is well worth visiting. 这个景点非常值得游览。 The pen writes well though it is cheap. 这支笔虽然便宜但很好写。 【小试牛刀】 用所给词的正确形式填空（主动表被动专项） 1. This kind of cloth _______ (wash) easily. 2. The old computer _______ (need) repairing now. 3. The story is well worth _______ (read). 4. These shoes _______ (sell) well in summer. 5. The door _______ (lock) automatically every night. 2. 无被动语态高频动词（必考禁忌） 核心考点 考点解析 无被动高频动词/短语 happen、take place、break out、belong to等为不及物动词/短语，无被动语态，是短文改错、语法填空高频陷阱。 【经典例句】 A big fire broke out in the building last night. 昨晚这栋大楼突发大火。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 The accident happened on a rainy afternoon. 这场事故发生在一个下雨的下午。 This book belongs to my deskmate. 这本书属于我的同桌。 The new magazine came out last week. 这本新杂志上周出版了。 【小试牛刀】 用所给词的正确形式填空（无被动动词专项） 1. The war _______ (break) out in 1945. 2. Many changes _______ (take) place in our school in recent years. 3. The traffic accident _______ (happen) just now. 4. This dictionary _______ (belong) to me. 5. His new book _______ (come) out next month. 第四板块：动词语态核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 不及物动词乱用被动 happen/take place等无被动，绝对不能加be+done 误：The accident was happened. 正：The accident happened. 进行时被动遗漏being 进行时被动必须有being，缺少则时态错误 误：The room is cleaned now. 正：The room is being cleaned now. 主动表被动句式混淆 be worth doing、need doing固定主动表被动，不换被动形式 误：It is worth being read. 正：It is worth reading. 情态动词被动结构错误 情态动词后必须加be+done，不能直接加过去分词 误：It must done. 正：It must be done. 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的语态错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. The accident was happened on a rainy morning. 2. This book is worth being read by middle school students. 3. The work must finish before dark. 4. Look! The bridge is repaired by workers. 5. Great changes have been taken place in our city. 6. The flower needs watered right now. 7. The meeting was hold yesterday afternoon. 8. English speaks widely all over the world. 9. The problem has solved already. 10. A new park will built next year. 第五板块：动词语态专项综合训练 一、句子填空 用所给动词的正确被动语态形式填空 1. Usually, homework _______ (finish) by students after school. 2. A new supermarket _______ (open) in our city last month. 3. Look! The trees _______ (water) by the gardeners. 4. All the tickets _______ (sell) out when we got to the cinema. 5. More books _______ (send) to rural schools next term. 6. This kind of fruit _______ (taste) sweet and sells well. 7. The old house _______ (pull) down already. 8. Students _______ (tell) to keep quiet in the library every day. 9. The difficult problem _______ (solve) by the teacher yesterday. 10. Rules _______ (must obey) by everyone in our class. 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. Many new houses _______ in the countryside every year. A. build B. are built C. built D. were built 2. The sports meeting _______ last Friday because of the bad weather. A. cancels B. canceled C. was canceled D. is canceled 3. Look! Your room _______ right now. A. is cleaning B. cleans C. is being cleaned D. has cleaned 4. This book _______ well and it is popular among students. A. sells B. is sold C. sold D. was sold 5. By the time we arrived, all the seats _______. A. have taken B. had taken C. have been taken D. had been taken 6. Waste paper _______ here. Please take it away. A. can’t throw B. can’t be thrown C. can throw D. can be thrown 7. A new library _______ in our school in two years. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. was built 8. Great changes _______ in our hometown in the past ten years. A. take place B. took place C. have been taken place D. have taken place 9. The work _______ already, so we can have a rest now. A. finishes B. finished C. has been finished D. is finished 10. The little girl’s room _______ when I went in. A. was cleaning B. was being cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaned 11. Your homework _______ on time every day. A. must finish B. must be finished C. finishes D. is finishing 12. This story _______ interesting and it is worth _______. A. sounds; reading B. is sounded; reading C. sounds; being read D. is sounded; being read 13. The bridge _______ since ten years ago. A. was built B. has been built C. built D. has built 14. The problem _______ at the meeting tomorrow. A. will discuss B. is discussed C. will be discussed D. discusses 15. The old tree _______ for over one hundred years. A. keeps B. is kept C. has been kept D. kept 三、完成句子 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 每年春天，山上都会种很多树。 Many trees _______ _______ on the hill every spring. 2. 昨天的会议被取消了。 Yesterday’s meeting _______ _______. 3. 现在教室正在被打扫。 The classroom _______ _______ _______ right now. 4. 所有作业已经被完成了。 All the homework _______ _______ _______ already. 5. 问题应该被认真对待。 The problem _______ _______ _______ seriously. 6. 这座桥将在明年被重建。 The bridge _______ _______ _______ next year. 7. 这本书值得一读。 This book is _______ _______. 8. 我们到达时门票已经售罄了。 All tickets _______ _______ _______ out when we arrived. 9. 规则必须被所有人遵守。 Rules _______ _______ _______ by all people. 10. 这些衣服很容易洗。 These clothes _______ very easily. 第18天•非谓语形式 非谓语动词是初高中英语衔接核心、考试高频考点。初中侧重基础形式识别与固定搭配记忆，高中侧重句法功能、主被动区分与语境辨析。本文适配初高中衔接难度，精简梳理核心考点、用法、易错点，搭配梯度习题，高效夯实基础。 第一大板块：非谓语动词核心基础认知 英语句子中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词，多余动词必须变形为非谓语动词。非谓语无人称、数的变化，不作句子谓语，可充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。初高中仅考查三类：to do（不定式）、doing（动名词/现在分词）、done（过去分词）。 非谓语类型 基础形式 核心含义 动词不定式 to do（动词原形） 表目的、将来、未发生的动作 动名词/现在分词 doing 表主动、进行、习惯性动作 过去分词 done 表被动、完成的动作 核心解题口诀：有谓语、变非谓语；未定用to do、主动用doing、被动完成用done。 【经典例句】 I want to learn English well. 我想要学好英语。（to do 不定式，表目的、未发生，主动） Reading books is my hobby. 读书是我的爱好。（doing 动名词，表习惯性动作，主动） The girl smiling at me is my classmate. 对我微笑的女孩是我的同学。（doing 现在分词，表主动进行） The broken glass is useless. 破碎的杯子没用了。（done 过去分词，表被动、完成） He came here to study. 他来这里是为了学习。（to do 不定式，表目的） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子中非谓语动词的类型（to do / doing / done） 1. She likes swimming in summer. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2. I have a lot of homework to do. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3. The used pen is still working. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4. Running every morning keeps me healthy. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5. He wants to visit the Great Wall. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第二大板块：三类非谓语动词核心考点（初高中全覆盖） 以下精讲三类非谓语动词核心用法、句法功能与必考搭配，梯度适配初高中衔接学习。 1. 动词不定式（to do）核心用法 基本结构 考点解析 to do（肯定式） not to do（否定式） 表目的、将来、未发生动作，可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补，否定形式固定为 not to do。 【经典例句】 To study hard is important for students. 努力学习对学生来说很重要。（作主语） I decide to improve my English. 我决定提升我的英语。（作宾语） I have something to tell you. 我有事情要告诉你。（作定语） He got up early to catch the bus. 他早起是为了赶公交。（作目的状语） My mother tells me not to stay up late. 妈妈告诉我不要熬夜。（否定式作宾补） 【小试牛刀】 用动词不定式（to do / not to do）正确形式填空 1. I want _______ (learn) to play the piano. 2. He decides _______ (not give) up his dream. 3. We need _______ (finish) homework on time. 4. The teacher asks us _______ (read) more books. 5. She hopes _______ (visit) her grandparents soon. 2. 动名词/现在分词（doing）核心用法 基本结构 考点解析 doing（主动、进行） doing 表主动、进行、习惯性动作；动名词作主语、宾语，现在分词作定语、状语、宾补，是初高中辨析重点。 【经典例句】 Swimming is good for our health. 游泳对我们的健康有益。（动名词作主语，表习惯） She enjoys listening to music. 她喜欢听音乐。（动名词作宾语） The running boy is my brother. 正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟。（现在分词作定语，主动进行） He sat there, reading a book. 他坐在那里看书。（现在分词作伴随状语） I finish doing my homework every night. 我每晚都按时写完作业。（动名词作宾语） 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的doing形式正确填空 1. She likes _______ (dance) in her free time. 2. _______ (Walk) after dinner is a good habit. 3. The man _______ (stand) there is our teacher. 4. He practices _______ (speak) English every day. 5. They kept _______ (work) till midnight. 3. 过去分词（done）核心用法 基本结构 考点解析 done（被动、完成） done 表被动、动作已完成，常作定语、状语、宾补，核心区分：doing主动，done被动。 【经典例句】 The broken bike needs repairing. 这辆坏掉的自行车需要修理。（作定语，完成被动） Used books are still useful. 用过的书籍依然有用。（作定语，完成） Seen from the hill, the park is beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园很美。（作状语，被动） I find the door locked. 我发现门锁着。（作宾补，被动完成） The finished work is perfect. 完成的工作很完美。（作定语，完成） 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的done形式正确填空 1. The _______ (fall) leaves are yellow.（落叶） 2. I need some _______ (print) papers. 3. The _______ (break) window was fixed yesterday. 4. _______ (Tell) the truth, he is a good student. 5. Keep the door _______ (close). 第三大板块：初高中核心必考固定搭配（衔接重点） 1. 只接to do不定式的高频动词 核心动词 考点解析 want/hope/decide plan/promise/refuse 以下动词后只接to do，不接doing，表意愿、计划、未来动作，为考试高频固定搭配。 【经典例句】 I plan to take part in the sports meeting. 我计划参加运动会。 He refuses to lie to others. 他拒绝对别人撒谎。 She promises to help me with my study. 她承诺帮我补习功课。 【小试牛刀】 用to do / doing 正确形式填空 1. He hopes _______ (travel) around the world. 2. They decide _______ (not play) computer games. 3. She refuses _______ (accept) the gift. 4. I plan _______ (read) three books this month. 5. He promises _______ (finish) work on time. 2. 只接doing动名词的高频动词 核心动词/短语 考点解析 enjoy/finish/practice keep/mind/be good at give up/feel like 以下词汇/短语后只接doing，无to do用法，是语法填空、改错高频易错点。 【经典例句】 I finish doing my homework before dinner. 我晚饭前写完作业。 She enjoys singing English songs. 她喜欢唱英文歌。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词正确形式填空 1. He practices _______ (run) every morning. 2. I finish _______ (clean) my room just now. 3. Would you mind _______ (move) your chair? 4. She is good at _______ (swim). 5. Don’t give up _______ (try). 3. to do / doing 含义不同的高频易错词 核心词汇 to do 含义 doing 含义 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 remember 记得要去做（未做） 记得做过（已做） forget 忘记要去做（未做） 忘记做过（已做） try 努力去做某事 尝试做某事（试验方法） 【经典例句】 Stop to rest for a while. 停下来（手头的事）去休息一会。 Stop talking in class. 课堂上不要说话。 Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门（未做）。 I remember meeting him before. 我记得见过他（已做）。 【小试牛刀】 根据语境选择to do / doing 填空 1. Please stop _______ (talk). The teacher is coming. 2. He stopped _______ (drink) water because he was thirsty. 3. Remember _______ (bring) your notebook tomorrow. 4. I forget _______ (see) this film before. 5. Try _______ (study) harder, and you will improve. 第四大板块：非谓语动词核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 一句多谓语错误 简单句仅限一个谓语，多余动词必须变非谓语，杜绝双谓语错误。 误：I go shop. 正：I go shopping. 主被动混淆 主动、进行用doing；被动、完成用done；目的、未发生用to do。 误：The exciting boy 正：The excited boy 固定搭配混用 固定搭配牢记：enjoy/finish/practice/mind 后只能接doing。 误：enjoy to read 正：enjoy reading 不定式否定式错误 不定式否定式为 not to do，无to not do错误结构。 误：to not go 正：not to go 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的非谓语错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. I enjoy to read storybooks in my free time. 2. He decided not to gives up his dream. 3. Stop to talk! It’s time for class. 4. The interesting girl is very happy. 5. I remember to meet him last year. 6. She practices to speak English every day. 7. My teacher tells me to not be late. 8. Finish homework is my daily task. 9. The breaking cup is on the table. 10. He hopes learning English well. 第五板块：非谓语动词专项综合训练 一、动词填空 用所给动词的正确非谓语形式填空 1. I like _______ (play) basketball after school. 2. He wants _______ (buy) a new pen. 3. Stop _______ (cry). Everything will be fine. 4. Remember _______ (lock) the door when you leave. 5. The girl _______ (sing) in the room is my sister. 6. I finish _______ (do) my homework just now. 7. The _______ (fall) leaves look beautiful in autumn. 8. She refuses _______ (lie) to her parents. 9. Would you mind _______ (help) me? 10. He stopped _______ (smoke) to keep healthy. 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. She enjoys _______ music every evening. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listens 2. I decide _______ harder from now on. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 3. Stop _______! The teacher is coming. A. talking B. to talk C. talk D. talked 4. Remember _______ your homework tomorrow. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 5. The boy _______ football is my classmate. A. play B. to play C. played D. playing 6. He finished _______ the book yesterday. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 7. Would you mind _______ the window? A. open B. opening C. to open D. opened 8. She hopes _______ to Beijing one day. A. travel B. traveling C. travelled D. to travel 9. The _______ news makes me happy. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excites 10. I remember _______ him in Shanghai last year. A. meeting B. to meet C. meet D. met 11. Don’t forget _______ your textbook tomorrow. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought 12. He practices _______ English every morning. A. speak B. to speak C. speaks D. speaking 13. The _______ glass is useless now. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. breaks 14. She stopped _______ a rest after long work. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 15. _______ English well is very important. A. Learn B. To learn C. Learned D. Learns 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 我喜欢放学后打篮球。 I enjoy _______ _______ after school. 2. 他决定努力学习英语。 He decides _______ _______ English hard. 3. 记得明天早起。 Remember _______ _______ up early tomorrow. 4. 正在跑步的那个男孩是我的朋友。 The boy _______ _______ is my friend. 5. 不要放弃尝试。 Don’t give up _______. 6. 她介意开窗。 She minds _______ the window. 7. 停下来休息一下。 Stop _______ _______ a rest. 8. 学好英语很重要。 _______ _______ English well is important. 9. 我记得见过他。 I remember _______ _______ him. 10. 他每天练习说英语。 He practices _______ English every day. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 （16-18） 第16天•动词时态 动词时态是初高中英语语法的基石，也是初高中衔接的核心重难点。初中侧重八大基础时态的识别与简单运用，题型以单选、填空为主；高中则要求熟练辨析时态差异、掌握特殊时态用法、结合语境精准判断，适配长难句、短文改错、读后续写等高阶题型。本篇讲义严格贴合初高中衔接考情，系统梳理英语核心八大时态，按照“概念讲解+核心考点+表格总结+经典例句+针对性练习”的固定体例编排，精准填补初高中知识断层。同时汇总时态高频易错点、易混辨析场景，搭配分层专项训练，帮助学生彻底吃透时态用法，摆脱时态混淆、时间状语误用、语境判断失误等问题，为高中英语句式运用和写作提分筑牢核心基础。 第一大板块：基础时态总论 英语时态通过动词形式变化，体现动作发生的时间与状态，核心分为“过去、现在、将来”三大时间轴，搭配“一般、进行、完成、完成进行”四种状态，构成初高中八大核心时态。时态解题核心逻辑：看时间状语、判动作状态、定动词形式，是所有语法题型的底层基础。 1. 一般现在时 核心用法 考点解析 经常性、习惯性动作；客观真理、客观事实；现阶段常态 动词形式：主语三单动词变形（+s/es），其余用原形；高频时间状语：usually、often、sometimes、every day/week、always；必考重点：客观真理永用一般现在时，不受句子时态影响，是改错与填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 I get up at six o’clock every morning. 我每天早上六点起床。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转动。 My mother cooks breakfast for me every day. 妈妈每天为我做早餐。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 They play basketball after school every Friday. 他们每周五放学后打篮球。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My father often _______ (watch) TV in the evening. 2. Light _______ (travel) faster than sound. 3. They usually _______ (play) basketball after school. 4. Water _______ (boil) when it is heated enough. 5. She always _______ (help) others in her free time. 参考答案：1.watches 2.travels 3.play 4.boils 5.helps 2. 一般过去时 核心用法 考点解析 过去某个时间发生的动作；过去习惯性动作，现已结束 动词形式：规则动词+ed，不规则动词记特殊变形；高频时间状语：yesterday、last year、just now、in 2020、ago；核心考点：动作发生在过去、与现在无关联，区别于现在完成时。 【经典例句】 I visited my grandparents last weekend. 我上周末看望了祖父母。 He lived here five years ago. 他五年前住在这里。 I finished my math homework yesterday. 我昨天完成了数学作业。 She bought a new notebook just now. 她刚才买了一本新笔记本。 We watched a wonderful movie last night. 我们昨晚看了一场精彩的电影。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. She _______ (finish) her homework just now. 2. We _______ (go) to the park yesterday afternoon. 3. He _______ (be) late for school yesterday. 4. I _______ (buy) a new pen yesterday morning. 5. They _______ (play) football last Sunday. 参考答案：1.finished 2.went 3.was 4.bought 5.played 3. 一般将来时 核心用法 考点解析 将来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 三种核心结构：will+动词原形、be going to+动词原形、be about to+动词原形；高频时间状语：tomorrow、next week、in the future、soon；考点辨析：be going to侧重计划、迹象，will侧重临时决定、主观意愿。 【经典例句】 I will take part in the sports meeting tomorrow. 我明天将参加运动会。 She is going to learn swimming this summer vacation. 她打算今年暑假学游泳。 We are going to have a picnic this weekend. 我们这周末打算去野餐。 He will visit his old friend next week. 他下周将会拜访老朋友。 It is going to rain heavily in the afternoon. 下午将会下大雨。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. We _______ (have) a math test next Monday. 2. Look at the clouds! It _______ (rain) soon. 3. I _______ (help) you with your homework later. 4. She _______ (visit) her grandparents next Sunday. 5. They _______ (take) part in the singing competition tomorrow. 参考答案：1.will have/are going to have 2.is going to rain 3.will help 4.will visit/is going to visit 5.will take/are going to take 4. 现在进行时 核心用法 考点解析 此时此刻正在进行的动作；现阶段持续进行的动作 动词形式：am/is/are+doing；高频时间状语：now、look!、listen!、at present；初高中衔接考点：瞬间动词进行时表将来（come/go/leave），如be coming即将到来。 【经典例句】 Look! The birds are flying in the sky. 看！鸟儿正在天空飞翔。 My mother is cooking dinner now. 妈妈现在正在做晚饭。 Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人正在教室里唱歌。 My brother is playing computer games now. 我的弟弟此刻正在玩电脑游戏。 We are preparing for the coming exam these days. 我们这些天正在为即将到来的考试做准备。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Listen! Someone _______ (sing) in the classroom. 2. They _______ (study) for the exam these days. 3. My brother _______ (play) computer games now. 4. Look! The little girl _______ (dance) under the tree. 5. My parents _______ (work) in the garden now. 参考答案：1.is singing 2.are studying 3.is playing 4.is dancing 5.are working 5. 过去进行时 核心用法 考点解析 过去某个时刻/时间段正在进行的动作 动词形式：was/were+doing；高频时间状语：at that time、at 8 o’clock yesterday、when/while引导的过去场景；高频考点：过去进行时+一般过去时连用，表“长动作被短动作打断”。 【经典例句】 I was reading books at 9 o’clock last night. 昨晚九点我正在看书。 He was walking home when it began to rain. 他正走回家，这时突然下雨了。 They were talking loudly at that moment. 那一刻他们正在大声交谈。 She was doing her homework at seven yesterday evening. 昨晚七点她正在写作业。 My father was watching TV when I got home. 我到家时爸爸正在看电视。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ (watch) TV when my father came back. 2. They _______ (talk) loudly at that moment. 3. She _______ (do) homework at 7 yesterday evening. 4. He _______ (walk) in the park when he met his friend. 5. We _______ (study) English at 8 last night. 参考答案：1.was watching 2.were talking 3.was doing 4.was walking 5.were studying 第二大板块：初高中衔接核心难点时态 本板块时态是初高中核心衔接难点，初中仅简单认知，高中重点考查语境辨析、时态混用、固定句式，是语法填空、改错、长难句解析的高频考点，需重点掌握状态差异与用法区别。 1. 现在完成时 核心用法 考点解析 过去动作持续到现在；过去动作对现在造成影响 动词形式：have/has+过去分词；高频状语：already、yet、ever、never、since、for；核心衔接考点：since+过去时间点，for+时间段；瞬间动词不可与时间段连用，需转换延续动词，是高中最高频易错点。 【经典例句】 I have learned English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语。 She has finished her homework already. 她已经完成了作业。 He has lived in this city since 2018. 他从2018年起就住在这座城市。 I have never been to Beijing before. 我以前从未去过北京。 They have visited the museum twice. 他们已经参观过这座博物馆两次了。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He _______ (live) here since 2018. 2. I _______ (not finish) my homework yet. 3. They _______ (visit) Beijing twice. 4. She _______ (learn) piano for three years. 5. We _______ (not see) each other since last winter. 参考答案：1.has lived 2.haven’t finished 3.have visited 4.has learned 5.haven’t seen 2. 过去完成时 核心用法 考点解析 过去的过去，过去某动作之前已完成的动作 动词形式：had+过去分词；核心判定逻辑：句中存在两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；高频搭配：by the time+过去时间、before+过去动作，是高中时态辨析重难点。 【经典例句】 By the time I got up, my mother had cooked breakfast. 我起床时，妈妈已经做好了早饭。 He had left before I arrived. 我到达之前，他就已经离开了。 The teacher had started teaching when we rushed in. 我们冲进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 I had finished all my homework before my parents came back. 父母回来前我已经写完了所有作业。 By last month, she had mastered basic English grammar. 到上个月为止，她已经掌握了基础英语语法。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. By last year, he _______ (learn) English for five years. 2. When I rushed to the classroom, the teacher _______ (start) teaching. 3. She _______ (finish) the work before her boss came back. 4. By the time the bell rang, we _______ (finish) our test. 5. He _______ (leave) the office before I called him. 参考答案：1.had learned 2.had started 3.had finished 4.had finished 5.had left 3. 将来进行时（拓展衔接） 核心用法 考点解析 将来某个时刻正在进行的动作 动词形式：will be+doing；侧重将来动作的持续性、确定性，无主观随意性；多用于高中写作与长难句理解，区别于一般将来时的笼统将来。 【经典例句】 I will be studying at school this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候我将正在学校学习。 She will be waiting for you at the station at 8 tomorrow morning. 明天早上八点她会在车站等你。 This time next week, we will be travelling in Sanya. 下周这个时候，我们将正在三亚旅行。 He will be having a meeting at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午三点他将正在开会。 My family will be enjoying our holiday this time next month. 下个月这个时候我们全家将正在度假。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. This time next week, we _______ (travel) in Sanya. 2. He _______ (have) a meeting at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. 3. I _______ (study) in the library this time tomorrow. 4. They _______ (play) basketball this time next Sunday. 5. She _______ (prepare) for the exam at 9 tomorrow morning. 参考答案：1.will be travelling 2.will be having 3.will be studying 4.will be playing 5.will be preparing 第三板块：时态核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 现在完成时时间段误用 瞬间动词（buy/leave/join）不能与for/since时间段连用，需换延续动词 误：He has left for 3 years. 正：He has been away for 3 years. 过去完成时滥用 无两个过去动作对比，禁止使用过去完成时，只需用一般过去时 误：I had visited Beijing last year. 正：I visited Beijing last year. 客观真理时态错误 宾语从句中，客观真理始终用一般现在时，不受主句过去时态影响 误：He said the earth was round. 正：He said the earth is round. 将来时态混用 有迹象、有计划用be going to，临时决定只能用will，不可混用 误：I am going to help you just now. 正：I will help you just now. 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 下列每句均有一处语法错误，请找出并改正（聚焦本章时态高频易错点） 1. He has joined the club for two years. 2. She told me that light traveled faster than sound. 3. I had seen the movie yesterday. 4. Look! It will rain. 5. They finished their homework already. 6. By the time he arrived, the meeting began. 7. I am living here for five years. 8. He will watching TV tomorrow evening. 9. When I was young, I often play football. 10. The teacher said that the sun rose in the east. 参考答案（含解析）：1.joined → been in（瞬间动词转延续动词） 2.traveled → travels（客观真理用一般现在时） 3.had seen → saw（单纯过去时间，无需过去完成时） 4.will rain → is going to rain（有迹象用be going to） 5.finished → have finished（already用于现在完成时） 6.began → had begun（先发生的动作用过去完成时） 7.am living → have lived（时间段用现在完成时） 8.watching → watch（will后接动词原形） 9.play → played（过去习惯性动作用一般过去时） 10.rose → rises（客观真理永用一般现在时） 第四板块：动词时态专项综合训练 一、句子填空（10题） 根据语境用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. My mother usually _______ (get) up early in the morning. 2. I _______ (read) a book when my friend called me. 3. They _______ (know) each other since 2019. 4. By the time we got to the station, the train _______ (leave). 5. Look! The children _______ (play) happily in the park. 6. She _______ (visit) her uncle next Sunday. 7. He _______ (not eat) breakfast yet. 8. I _______ (study) in this school for three years. 9. They _______ (watch) TV at 8 last night. 10. Water _______ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. 一、句子填空 参考答案：1.gets 2.was reading 3.have known 4.had left 5.are playing 6.will visit/is going to visit 7.hasn’t eaten 8.have studied 9.were watching 10.boils 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. —Where is your father? —He _______ flowers in the garden now. A. waters B. is watering C. watered D. has watered 2. He _______ in this city since he was a child. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 3. By the time I woke up, my dad _______ to work already. A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. would go 4. I _______ TV every evening, but tonight I am busy. A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. have watched 5. Listen! Someone _______ in the next room. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. sang 6. She _______ to Beijing with her parents next week. A. travel B. traveled C. will travel D. has traveled 7. When I _______ young, I liked playing games. A. am B. was C. have been D. had been 8. Our teacher told us that the earth _______ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone 9. They _______ the movie twice, so they don’t want to watch it again. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen 10. He _______ homework at 9 o’clock last night. A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing 11. Hurry up! We _______ late for school. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been 12. I _______ this book for a week. It’s very interesting. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. was reading 13. Before he went to bed, he _______ his homework. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had finished 14. This time tomorrow, I _______ in the library. A. study B. studied C. will study D. will be studying 15. —Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes, I _______ there last year. A. go B. went C. have gone D. had gone 二、单项填空 参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词 1. 我已经完成了我的家庭作业。 I _______ _______ my homework already. 2. 昨天八点我正在洗澡。 I _______ _______ a shower at 8 yesterday evening. 3. 他自从五岁就开始学英语了。 He _______ _______ English since he was five. 4. 明天这个时候我将正在上课。 I _______ _______ _______ a class this time tomorrow. 5. 我爸爸每天晚上都看书。 My father _______ books every evening. 6. 我们下周将要去野餐。 We _______ _______ for a picnic next week. 7. 他来之前我已经完成了工作。 I _______ _______ the work before he came. 8. 看！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 Look! The birds _______ _______ in the tree. 9. 宇宙围绕太阳运转是客观事实。 The universe _______ around the sun. 10. 我昨天拜访了我的老师。 I _______ my teacher yesterday. 三、完成句子 参考答案：1.have finished 2.was taking 3.has learned 4.will be having 5.reads 6.will go/are going 7.had finished 8.are singing 9.goes 10.visited 第17天•动词语态 语态是初高中英语语法核心衔接重难点。初中侧重被动语态基础结构识别，高中侧重特殊语态、主动表被动、无被动动词等进阶考点，广泛用于语法填空、短文改错、书面表达。本文系统梳理语态核心规则、时态结构、高频考点与易错点，搭配例句和分层习题，高效夯实语态知识。 第一大板块：语态核心基础认知 英语语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是动作执行者，被动语态中主语是动作承受者。考试核心考查被动语态的结构、时态匹配及特殊用法辨析。 语态分类 核心含义 基础句式 主动语态 主语发出动作，人为、主动执行行为 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 被动语态 主语承受动作，突出受事对象、客观陈述 主语 + be + 过去分词(done) (+by+执行者) 核心前提：仅及物动词/动词短语有被动语态；不及物动词（happen、take place、break out等）无被动形式，为高频易错点。 【经典例句】 We water the flowers every day. 我们每天浇花。（主动） The flowers are watered every day. 花儿每天被浇灌。（被动） He cleans his room every morning. 他每天早上打扫房间。（主动） His room is cleaned every morning. 他的房间每天早上被打扫。（被动） People speak English widely. 人们广泛使用英语。（主动） English is widely spoken. 英语被广泛使用。（被动） Students finish homework on time. 学生按时完成作业。（主动） Homework is finished on time. 作业被按时完成。（被动） Workers build bridges every year. 工人每年修建桥梁。（主动） Bridges are built every year. 桥梁每年被修建。（被动） 【小试牛刀】 判断句子语态，并将主动句改为被动句、被动句改为主动句 1. Farmers grow rice in summer.（改为被动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2. Many trees are planted every spring.（改为主动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3. Teachers correct students’ mistakes daily.（改为被动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4. The classroom is cleaned by students every day.（改为主动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5. They hold the school sports meeting every year.（改为被动） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案：1. Rice is grown by farmers in summer. 2. People plant many trees every spring. 3. Students’ mistakes are corrected by teachers daily. 4. Students clean the classroom every day. 5. The school sports meeting is held by them every year. 第二大板块：八大时态被动语态（初高中核心） 被动语态时态变化仅体现在be动词上，过去分词done形式固定不变。以下全覆盖初高中八大时态被动核心考点。 1. 一般现在时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 am/is/are + done 表经常性动作、客观真理或规章制度，主谓一致跟随主语单复数变化，为基础高频考点。 【经典例句】 Trees are planted every spring. 每年春天都会种树。 English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 Homework is finished on time by most students. 大多数学生都会按时完成作业。 These books are kept in our school library. 这些书存放在我们学校图书馆。 Rules are made to keep order. 规则是为了维持秩序而制定的。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Many flowers _______ (water) every day in the garden. 2. This kind of bike _______ (sell) very well in our city. 3. Students _______ (require) to wear school uniforms on weekdays. 4. The window _______ (clean) every morning. 5. Useful knowledge _______ (teach) by our teachers every class. 参考答案：1. are watered 2. is sold 3. are required 4. is cleaned 5. is taught 2. 一般过去时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 was/were + done 描述过去时间的被动动作，搭配过去时间状语，重点规避was/were主谓一致错误。 【经典例句】 My bike was repaired yesterday. 我的自行车昨天被修好了。 A new park was built in our neighborhood last year. 去年我们小区建了一个新公园。 These letters were sent just now. 这些信件刚刚被寄出。 The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 会议昨天下午举行。 Many trees were planted on the hill last spring. 去年春天山上种了很多树。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. The old house _______ (pull) down last month. 2. Many mistakes _______ (find) in his homework yesterday. 3. I _______ (invite) to the party last night. 4. The sports meeting _______ (hold) last Friday. 5. These toys _______ (make) by workers last year. 参考答案：1. was pulled 2. were found 3. was invited 4. was held 5. were made 3. 一般将来时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done 表计划、安排类将来被动动作，常用于书面表达升级句式。 【经典例句】 A new library will be built in our school next year. 明年我们学校将新建一座图书馆。 The problem is going to be solved soon. 这个问题很快就会被解决。 All the homework will be checked after class. 所有作业将在课后被检查。 More trees will be planted to protect the environment. 将会种植更多树木保护环境。 The sports meeting will be held next week. 运动会将于下周举办。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. A new bridge _______ (build) over the river next year. 2. Your mistakes _______ (correct) by the teacher later. 3. All the books _______ (return) to the library tomorrow. 4. The room _______ (clean) before guests come. 5. More rules _______ (make) to improve our school life. 参考答案：1. will be built 2. will be corrected 3. will be returned 4. will be cleaned 5. will be made 4. 现在进行时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 am/is/are being + done 表当下或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，必考易错点：不可遗漏being。 【经典例句】 Look! The classroom is being cleaned by the students. 看！同学们正在打扫教室。 A new teaching building is being built now. 一栋新的教学楼正在建设中。 The problem is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题正在会议上被讨论。 These books are being sorted out by the volunteers. 志愿者正在整理这些书籍。 My homework is being checked by my teacher. 我的作业正在被老师批改。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Listen! A new song _______ (sing) in the hall. 2. Look! The roads _______ (repair) by workers now. 3. The question _______ (talk) about by students these days. 4. All the mistakes _______ (fix) right now. 5. A new plan _______ (develop) by our team. 参考答案：1. is being sung 2. are being repaired 3. is being talked 4. are being fixed 5. is being developed 5. 过去进行时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 was/were being + done 表过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，常搭配过去特定时间状语，属于高中进阶考点。 【经典例句】 I was told not to make noise when the exam was being held. 考试进行时，我被告知不要吵闹。 The room was being cleaned when I arrived. 我到达时，房间正在被打扫。 The plan was being discussed at 9 o’clock last night. 昨晚九点这个计划正在被讨论。 New rules were being made at that time. 那时新的规则正在被制定。 The broken bridge was being repaired last winter. 去年冬天这座断桥正在被修缮。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. The little boy _______ (laugh) at by others when I saw him. 2. The report _______ (write) by her at 8 last night. 3. Many houses _______ (build) in this area last year. 4. The problem _______ (solve) when I joined the discussion. 5. Old trees _______ (protect) by workers at that moment. 参考答案：1. was being laughed 2. was being written 3. were being built 4. was being solved 5. were being protected 6. 现在完成时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 have/has been + done 表已完成的被动动作，对现在产生影响，常搭配since、for、recently等时态标志词。 【经典例句】 My homework has been finished already. 我的作业已经写完了。 Many new houses have been built in our town. 我们镇上已经建了很多新房子。 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已经被翻译成多种语言。 All the mistakes have been corrected by the teacher. 所有错误都已被老师订正。 The old rules have been changed recently. 旧的规则近期已被修改。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Lots of trees _______ (plant) here in the past few years. 2. The work _______ (finish) already by them. 3. Many books _______ (send) to the village school so far. 4. This problem _______ (solve) already. 5. Some new words _______ (learn) by us recently. 参考答案：1. have been planted 2. has been finished 3. have been sent 4. has been solved 5. have been learned 7. 过去完成时被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 had been + done 表“过去的过去”完成的被动动作，多用于by the time、before引导的过去语境。 【经典例句】 By the time I got up, my breakfast had been prepared. 我起床时，早餐已经准备好了。 The bridge had been finished before winter came. 冬天来临前，这座桥就已完工。 All the tickets had been sold out when we arrived. 我们到达时，所有门票已售罄。 The problem had been solved before the meeting started. 会议开始前问题已被解决。 New lessons had been learned before the new term began. 新学期开始前，新课已经被预习完毕。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. By last year, many buildings _______ (build) in this city. 2. When we got there, all the seats _______ (take) already. 3. The task _______ (complete) before my teacher came back. 4. The news _______ (spread) before we knew it. 5. All the books _______ (arrange) before the library opened. 参考答案：1. had been built 2. had been taken 3. had been completed 4. had been spread 5. had been arranged 8. 情态动词被动语态 基本结构 考点解析 情态动词 + be + done 情态动词（must/should/can/need）后接be+done原形，表被动情态，是改错、写作高频考点。 【经典例句】 Waste must be stopped in our daily life. 日常生活中必须杜绝浪费。 Homework should be finished on time. 作业应该按时完成。 Trees should be protected by everyone. 树木应该被每个人保护。 The problem can be solved in many ways. 这个问题可以用很多方法解决。 Rules must be obeyed strictly. 规则必须被严格遵守。 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Children _______ (take) good care of by parents. 2. The work _______ (finish) before you leave. 3. Noise _______ (not allow) in the reading room. 4. Your questions _______ (answer) by the teacher later. 5. Old books _______ (keep) well for future use. 参考答案：1. must be taken 2. should be finished 3. must not be allowed 4. can be answered 5. should be kept 第三大板块：特殊语态结构（初高中进阶重难点） 1. 主动表被动高频固定句型 核心句型/动词 考点解析 sell/wash/write/lock 描述事物固有属性、特质时，主动形式表被动含义，多用一般现在时、副词修饰。 need doing 固定结构：need doing = need to be done，表“某物需要被处理”，为高频替换考点。 be worth doing be worth doing 主动表被动，意为“值得被……”，无be worth being done结构。 【经典例句】 This novel reads smoothly and sells well. 这本小说读起来流畅、销路很好。 The window locks easily in winter. 这扇窗户冬天很容易锁上。 Your hair needs cutting. = Your hair needs to be cut. 你的头发需要剪了。 This scenic spot is well worth visiting. 这个景点非常值得游览。 The pen writes well though it is cheap. 这支笔虽然便宜但很好写。 【小试牛刀】 用所给词的正确形式填空（主动表被动专项） 1. This kind of cloth _______ (wash) easily. 2. The old computer _______ (need) repairing now. 3. The story is well worth _______ (read). 4. These shoes _______ (sell) well in summer. 5. The door _______ (lock) automatically every night. 参考答案：1. washes 2. needs 3. reading 4. sell 5. locks 2. 无被动语态高频动词（必考禁忌） 核心考点 考点解析 无被动高频动词/短语 happen、take place、break out、belong to等为不及物动词/短语，无被动语态，是短文改错、语法填空高频陷阱。 【经典例句】 A big fire broke out in the building last night. 昨晚这栋大楼突发大火。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 The accident happened on a rainy afternoon. 这场事故发生在一个下雨的下午。 This book belongs to my deskmate. 这本书属于我的同桌。 The new magazine came out last week. 这本新杂志上周出版了。 【小试牛刀】 用所给词的正确形式填空（无被动动词专项） 1. The war _______ (break) out in 1945. 2. Many changes _______ (take) place in our school in recent years. 3. The traffic accident _______ (happen) just now. 4. This dictionary _______ (belong) to me. 5. His new book _______ (come) out next month. 参考答案：1. broke 2. have taken 3. happened 4. belongs 5. will come 第四板块：动词语态核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 不及物动词乱用被动 happen/take place等无被动，绝对不能加be+done 误：The accident was happened. 正：The accident happened. 进行时被动遗漏being 进行时被动必须有being，缺少则时态错误 误：The room is cleaned now. 正：The room is being cleaned now. 主动表被动句式混淆 be worth doing、need doing固定主动表被动，不换被动形式 误：It is worth being read. 正：It is worth reading. 情态动词被动结构错误 情态动词后必须加be+done，不能直接加过去分词 误：It must done. 正：It must be done. 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的语态错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. The accident was happened on a rainy morning. 2. This book is worth being read by middle school students. 3. The work must finish before dark. 4. Look! The bridge is repaired by workers. 5. Great changes have been taken place in our city. 6. The flower needs watered right now. 7. The meeting was hold yesterday afternoon. 8. English speaks widely all over the world. 9. The problem has solved already. 10. A new park will built next year. 参考答案（改错解析）：1. 去掉was（happen为无被动动词） 2. 去掉being（be worth doing主动表被动） 3. finish→be finished（情态动词后接be+done） 4. is repaired→is being repaired（现在进行被动缺being） 5. 去掉been（take place无被动） 6. watered→watering/to be watered（need doing主动表被动） 7. hold→held（被动用过去分词） 8. speaks→is spoken（被动语态结构） 9. solved→been solved（现在完成被动缺been） 10. will built→will be built（将来被动缺be） 第五板块：动词语态专项综合训练 一、句子填空 用所给动词的正确被动语态形式填空 1. Usually, homework _______ (finish) by students after school. 2. A new supermarket _______ (open) in our city last month. 3. Look! The trees _______ (water) by the gardeners. 4. All the tickets _______ (sell) out when we got to the cinema. 5. More books _______ (send) to rural schools next term. 6. This kind of fruit _______ (taste) sweet and sells well. 7. The old house _______ (pull) down already. 8. Students _______ (tell) to keep quiet in the library every day. 9. The difficult problem _______ (solve) by the teacher yesterday. 10. Rules _______ (must obey) by everyone in our class. 参考答案：1. is finished 2. was opened 3. are being watered 4. had been sold 5. will be sent 6. tastes 7. has been pulled 8. are told 9. was solved 10. must be obeyed 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. Many new houses _______ in the countryside every year. A. build B. are built C. built D. were built 2. The sports meeting _______ last Friday because of the bad weather. A. cancels B. canceled C. was canceled D. is canceled 3. Look! Your room _______ right now. A. is cleaning B. cleans C. is being cleaned D. has cleaned 4. This book _______ well and it is popular among students. A. sells B. is sold C. sold D. was sold 5. By the time we arrived, all the seats _______. A. have taken B. had taken C. have been taken D. had been taken 6. Waste paper _______ here. Please take it away. A. can’t throw B. can’t be thrown C. can throw D. can be thrown 7. A new library _______ in our school in two years. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. was built 8. Great changes _______ in our hometown in the past ten years. A. take place B. took place C. have been taken place D. have taken place 9. The work _______ already, so we can have a rest now. A. finishes B. finished C. has been finished D. is finished 10. The little girl’s room _______ when I went in. A. was cleaning B. was being cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaned 11. Your homework _______ on time every day. A. must finish B. must be finished C. finishes D. is finishing 12. This story _______ interesting and it is worth _______. A. sounds; reading B. is sounded; reading C. sounds; being read D. is sounded; being read 13. The bridge _______ since ten years ago. A. was built B. has been built C. built D. has built 14. The problem _______ at the meeting tomorrow. A. will discuss B. is discussed C. will be discussed D. discusses 15. The old tree _______ for over one hundred years. A. keeps B. is kept C. has been kept D. kept 参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C 三、完成句子 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 每年春天，山上都会种很多树。 Many trees _______ _______ on the hill every spring. 2. 昨天的会议被取消了。 Yesterday’s meeting _______ _______. 3. 现在教室正在被打扫。 The classroom _______ _______ _______ right now. 4. 所有作业已经被完成了。 All the homework _______ _______ _______ already. 5. 问题应该被认真对待。 The problem _______ _______ _______ seriously. 6. 这座桥将在明年被重建。 The bridge _______ _______ _______ next year. 7. 这本书值得一读。 This book is _______ _______. 8. 我们到达时门票已经售罄了。 All tickets _______ _______ _______ out when we arrived. 9. 规则必须被所有人遵守。 Rules _______ _______ _______ by all people. 10. 这些衣服很容易洗。 These clothes _______ very easily. 参考答案：1. are planted 2. was canceled 3. is being cleaned 4. has been finished 5. should be taken 6. will be rebuilt 7. worth reading 8. had been sold 9. must be obeyed 10. wash 第18天•非谓语形式 非谓语动词是初高中英语衔接核心、考试高频考点。初中侧重基础形式识别与固定搭配记忆，高中侧重句法功能、主被动区分与语境辨析。本文适配初高中衔接难度，精简梳理核心考点、用法、易错点，搭配梯度习题，高效夯实基础。 第一大板块：非谓语动词核心基础认知 英语句子中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词，多余动词必须变形为非谓语动词。非谓语无人称、数的变化，不作句子谓语，可充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。初高中仅考查三类：to do（不定式）、doing（动名词/现在分词）、done（过去分词）。 非谓语类型 基础形式 核心含义 动词不定式 to do（动词原形） 表目的、将来、未发生的动作 动名词/现在分词 doing 表主动、进行、习惯性动作 过去分词 done 表被动、完成的动作 核心解题口诀：有谓语、变非谓语；未定用to do、主动用doing、被动完成用done。 【经典例句】 I want to learn English well. 我想要学好英语。（to do 不定式，表目的、未发生，主动） Reading books is my hobby. 读书是我的爱好。（doing 动名词，表习惯性动作，主动） The girl smiling at me is my classmate. 对我微笑的女孩是我的同学。（doing 现在分词，表主动进行） The broken glass is useless. 破碎的杯子没用了。（done 过去分词，表被动、完成） He came here to study. 他来这里是为了学习。（to do 不定式，表目的） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子中非谓语动词的类型（to do / doing / done） 1. She likes swimming in summer. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2. I have a lot of homework to do. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3. The used pen is still working. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4. Running every morning keeps me healthy. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5. He wants to visit the Great Wall. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案：1. doing 2. to do 3. done 4. doing 5. to do 第二大板块：三类非谓语动词核心考点（初高中全覆盖） 以下精讲三类非谓语动词核心用法、句法功能与必考搭配，梯度适配初高中衔接学习。 1. 动词不定式（to do）核心用法 基本结构 考点解析 to do（肯定式） not to do（否定式） 表目的、将来、未发生动作，可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补，否定形式固定为 not to do。 【经典例句】 To study hard is important for students. 努力学习对学生来说很重要。（作主语） I decide to improve my English. 我决定提升我的英语。（作宾语） I have something to tell you. 我有事情要告诉你。（作定语） He got up early to catch the bus. 他早起是为了赶公交。（作目的状语） My mother tells me not to stay up late. 妈妈告诉我不要熬夜。（否定式作宾补） 【小试牛刀】 用动词不定式（to do / not to do）正确形式填空 1. I want _______ (learn) to play the piano. 2. He decides _______ (not give) up his dream. 3. We need _______ (finish) homework on time. 4. The teacher asks us _______ (read) more books. 5. She hopes _______ (visit) her grandparents soon. 参考答案：1. to learn 2. not to give 3. to finish 4. to read 5. to visit 2. 动名词/现在分词（doing）核心用法 基本结构 考点解析 doing（主动、进行） doing 表主动、进行、习惯性动作；动名词作主语、宾语，现在分词作定语、状语、宾补，是初高中辨析重点。 【经典例句】 Swimming is good for our health. 游泳对我们的健康有益。（动名词作主语，表习惯） She enjoys listening to music. 她喜欢听音乐。（动名词作宾语） The running boy is my brother. 正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟。（现在分词作定语，主动进行） He sat there, reading a book. 他坐在那里看书。（现在分词作伴随状语） I finish doing my homework every night. 我每晚都按时写完作业。（动名词作宾语） 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的doing形式正确填空 1. She likes _______ (dance) in her free time. 2. _______ (Walk) after dinner is a good habit. 3. The man _______ (stand) there is our teacher. 4. He practices _______ (speak) English every day. 5. They kept _______ (work) till midnight. 参考答案：1. dancing 2. Walking 3. standing 4. speaking 5. working 3. 过去分词（done）核心用法 基本结构 考点解析 done（被动、完成） done 表被动、动作已完成，常作定语、状语、宾补，核心区分：doing主动，done被动。 【经典例句】 The broken bike needs repairing. 这辆坏掉的自行车需要修理。（作定语，完成被动） Used books are still useful. 用过的书籍依然有用。（作定语，完成） Seen from the hill, the park is beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园很美。（作状语，被动） I find the door locked. 我发现门锁着。（作宾补，被动完成） The finished work is perfect. 完成的工作很完美。（作定语，完成） 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词的done形式正确填空 1. The _______ (fall) leaves are yellow.（落叶） 2. I need some _______ (print) papers. 3. The _______ (break) window was fixed yesterday. 4. _______ (Tell) the truth, he is a good student. 5. Keep the door _______ (close). 参考答案：1. fallen 2. printed 3. broken 4. To tell 5. closed 第三大板块：初高中核心必考固定搭配（衔接重点） 1. 只接to do不定式的高频动词 核心动词 考点解析 want/hope/decide plan/promise/refuse 以下动词后只接to do，不接doing，表意愿、计划、未来动作，为考试高频固定搭配。 【经典例句】 I plan to take part in the sports meeting. 我计划参加运动会。 He refuses to lie to others. 他拒绝对别人撒谎。 She promises to help me with my study. 她承诺帮我补习功课。 【小试牛刀】 用to do / doing 正确形式填空 1. He hopes _______ (travel) around the world. 2. They decide _______ (not play) computer games. 3. She refuses _______ (accept) the gift. 4. I plan _______ (read) three books this month. 5. He promises _______ (finish) work on time. 参考答案：1. to travel 2. not to play 3. to accept 4. to read 5. to finish 2. 只接doing动名词的高频动词 核心动词/短语 考点解析 enjoy/finish/practice keep/mind/be good at give up/feel like 以下词汇/短语后只接doing，无to do用法，是语法填空、改错高频易错点。 【经典例句】 I finish doing my homework before dinner. 我晚饭前写完作业。 She enjoys singing English songs. 她喜欢唱英文歌。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ 【小试牛刀】 用所给动词正确形式填空 1. He practices _______ (run) every morning. 2. I finish _______ (clean) my room just now. 3. Would you mind _______ (move) your chair? 4. She is good at _______ (swim). 5. Don’t give up _______ (try). 参考答案：1. running 2. cleaning 3. moving 4. swimming 5. trying 3. to do / doing 含义不同的高频易错词 核心词汇 to do 含义 doing 含义 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 remember 记得要去做（未做） 记得做过（已做） forget 忘记要去做（未做） 忘记做过（已做） try 努力去做某事 尝试做某事（试验方法） 【经典例句】 Stop to rest for a while. 停下来（手头的事）去休息一会。 Stop talking in class. 课堂上不要说话。 Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门（未做）。 I remember meeting him before. 我记得见过他（已做）。 【小试牛刀】 根据语境选择to do / doing 填空 1. Please stop _______ (talk). The teacher is coming. 2. He stopped _______ (drink) water because he was thirsty. 3. Remember _______ (bring) your notebook tomorrow. 4. I forget _______ (see) this film before. 5. Try _______ (study) harder, and you will improve. 参考答案：1. talking 2. to drink 3. to bring 4. seeing 5. to study 第四大板块：非谓语动词核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 一句多谓语错误 简单句仅限一个谓语，多余动词必须变非谓语，杜绝双谓语错误。 误：I go shop. 正：I go shopping. 主被动混淆 主动、进行用doing；被动、完成用done；目的、未发生用to do。 误：The exciting boy 正：The excited boy 固定搭配混用 固定搭配牢记：enjoy/finish/practice/mind 后只能接doing。 误：enjoy to read 正：enjoy reading 不定式否定式错误 不定式否定式为 not to do，无to not do错误结构。 误：to not go 正：not to go 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下列句子中的非谓语错误并改正（每题一处错误） 1. I enjoy to read storybooks in my free time. 2. He decided not to gives up his dream. 3. Stop to talk! It’s time for class. 4. The interesting girl is very happy. 5. I remember to meet him last year. 6. She practices to speak English every day. 7. My teacher tells me to not be late. 8. Finish homework is my daily task. 9. The breaking cup is on the table. 10. He hopes learning English well. 参考答案（改错解析）：1. to read→reading 2. gives→give 3. to talk→talking 4. interesting→excited 5. to meet→meeting 6. to speak→speaking 7. to not→not to 8. Finish→Finishing 9. breaking→broken 10. learning→to learn 第五板块：非谓语动词专项综合训练 一、动词填空 用所给动词的正确非谓语形式填空 1. I like _______ (play) basketball after school. 2. He wants _______ (buy) a new pen. 3. Stop _______ (cry). Everything will be fine. 4. Remember _______ (lock) the door when you leave. 5. The girl _______ (sing) in the room is my sister. 6. I finish _______ (do) my homework just now. 7. The _______ (fall) leaves look beautiful in autumn. 8. She refuses _______ (lie) to her parents. 9. Would you mind _______ (help) me? 10. He stopped _______ (smoke) to keep healthy. 参考答案：1. playing 2. to buy 3. crying 4. to lock 5. singing 6. doing 7. fallen 8. to lie 9. helping 10. smoking 二、单项填空（15题） 从A、B、C、D四项中选择最佳答案 1. She enjoys _______ music every evening. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listens 2. I decide _______ harder from now on. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 3. Stop _______! The teacher is coming. A. talking B. to talk C. talk D. talked 4. Remember _______ your homework tomorrow. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 5. The boy _______ football is my classmate. A. play B. to play C. played D. playing 6. He finished _______ the book yesterday. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 7. Would you mind _______ the window? A. open B. opening C. to open D. opened 8. She hopes _______ to Beijing one day. A. travel B. traveling C. travelled D. to travel 9. The _______ news makes me happy. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excites 10. I remember _______ him in Shanghai last year. A. meeting B. to meet C. meet D. met 11. Don’t forget _______ your textbook tomorrow. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought 12. He practices _______ English every morning. A. speak B. to speak C. speaks D. speaking 13. The _______ glass is useless now. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. breaks 14. She stopped _______ a rest after long work. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 15. _______ English well is very important. A. Learn B. To learn C. Learned D. Learns 参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.B 三、完成句子（10题） 根据中文提示补全句子，每空一词 1. 我喜欢放学后打篮球。 I enjoy _______ _______ after school. 2. 他决定努力学习英语。 He decides _______ _______ English hard. 3. 记得明天早起。 Remember _______ _______ up early tomorrow. 4. 正在跑步的那个男孩是我的朋友。 The boy _______ _______ is my friend. 5. 不要放弃尝试。 Don’t give up _______. 6. 她介意开窗。 She minds _______ the window. 7. 停下来休息一下。 Stop _______ _______ a rest. 8. 学好英语很重要。 _______ _______ English well is important. 9. 我记得见过他。 I remember _______ _______ him. 10. 他每天练习说英语。 He practices _______ English every day. 参考答案：1. playing basketball 2. to study 3. to get 4. running 5. trying 6. opening 7. to have 8. To learn 9. meeting 10. speaking 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $