人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划（13-15）

**基本信息** 聚焦初高中语法衔接，以“句子成分-基本句式-复合句”为逻辑主线，通过口诀化方法、分层训练构建系统性语法体系，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |句子成分|7大成分+5类辨析|“先抓主干再找修饰”口诀，定状宾补判定法|从基础定义到初高中差异，构建成分认知框架| |基本句式|5句型+3类衔接难点|“动词属性定句型”规则，双宾/宾补辨析技巧|以动词为核心，衔接简单句与长难句结构| |并列句和复合句|4类并列关系+3大从句体系|“主将从现”“就近一致”等规则，从句语序判定法|从简单并列到复杂嵌套，培养逻辑思维与分析能力|

人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 （13-15） 第13天•七大句子成分 句子成分是初高中英语语法的底层地基，是拆分长难句、学好五大句型、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的前置核心考点。初中仅要求简单识别主干成分、看懂基础句式；高中要求精准划分所有句子成分、辨析句式结构、解决从句嵌套、改错语病、写作升格问题。本文严格对标初高中考点梯度，系统梳理七大句子成分、功能特征、判定方法、初高中差异，搭配标准例句与分层习题，完整搭建句子成分知识体系。 第一大板块：句子成分核心基础认知 英语句子由不同功能的结构单元构成，这些功能单元即为句子成分。英语完整句子包含七大成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。所有长难句、复合句，本质都是简单句成分的叠加与拓展。 核心学习逻辑：先抓主干（主谓宾/主系表），再找修饰（定状补）。主干决定句子完整度，修饰成分丰富句子细节，这是初高中句子分析的通用解题逻辑。 初高中核心差异：初中只要求识别简单句主干，无需细化修饰成分；高中必须精准划分所有成分，依托成分判断从句引导词、区分句式类型、修改句式语病、拆解嵌套长难句。 句子成分 核心定位 必备属性 核心作用 主语 句子描述主体 主干必备 发出动作、承载状态 谓语 句子核心动作/状态 主干必备（句子灵魂） 体现时态、语态、语气 表语 系动词后补充内容 主系表句型必备 说明主语身份、特征、状态 宾语 动作承受对象 实义动词可选 承接谓语动作 定语 修饰限定成分 修饰可选 修饰名词、代词 状语 状态环境成分 修饰可选 修饰动词、形容词、整句 宾补 宾语补充成分 特殊句型必备 完善宾语状态、使句意完整 核心解题口诀：主谓为根定主干，系表配套辨状态；宾语承接动作性，定修名代状修全，宾补补全宾语义。 【经典例句】 She studies English every day. 她每天学习英语。（主谓宾+时间状语） The flower looks beautiful. 这朵花看起来很漂亮。（主系表结构） The tall boy helps me. 这个高个子男孩帮助我。（定语修饰主语，主谓宾） We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间干净整洁。（主谓宾+宾补结构） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子中的核心主干（写出主谓宾/主系表） 1. My mother cooks delicious food every morning. 2. The weather becomes warm in spring. 3. The kind girl helps old people in need. 4. We find the story very interesting. 5. He finishes his homework carefully. 第二大板块：七大句子成分精讲（初高中全覆盖） 本章逐点精讲七大句子成分的定义、充当词类、位置特征、判定方法、初高中考点差异，搭配标准例句，覆盖所有基础与衔接重难点。 一、主语（句子主体） 主语是句子描述的核心主体，回答“谁？什么？”的问题，是句子必备主干成分，一般位于句首。可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句充当。 常见充当形式 例句展示 名词/代词 Tom likes reading. / They play basketball. 动名词/不定式（高中重点） Swimming is good for health. / To study hard is our duty. 【经典例句】 Students should develop good learning habits. 学生应该养成良好的学习习惯。（名词作主语） Reading English every day improves your grammar. 每天读英语能提升你的语法水平。（动名词作主语） Hard work leads to final success. 努力付出会收获最终的成功。（名词短语作主语） To master basic grammar is necessary for learners. 掌握基础语法对学习者而言必不可少。（不定式作主语） Everyone in our class loves sports. 我们班的每个人都热爱运动。（代词作主语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面每个句子中的主语，并注意充当主语的词或短语。 1. The beautiful park attracts many visitors. 2. To keep healthy is very important for teenagers. 3. He always helps his classmates in study. 4. Practicing oral English improves your communication skills. 5. The fresh air in the countryside is very comfortable. 二、谓语（句子核心灵魂） 谓语是说明主语动作、行为、状态的成分，是句子唯一不可缺失的核心，决定句子时态、语态、单复数。分为实义动词谓语、系动词谓语、情态动词+动词原形谓语。 谓语类型 说明 实义动词谓语 表具体动作：run/study/eat/write 系动词谓语 表状态：be/look/sound/become/turn 复合谓语 情态动词+动词原形、时态组合（高中重点） 【经典例句】 We finish our tasks on time. 我们按时完成任务。（实义动词作谓语） The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。（系动词作谓语） We should practice English every day. 我们应该每天练习英语。（复合谓语） The little girl smiles sweetly to everyone. 这个小女孩对每个人都甜甜地微笑。（实义动词作谓语） The flowers smell very pleasant in spring. 春天的花朵闻起来十分怡人。（感官系动词作谓语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面每个句子中的谓语，并注意谓语部分的构成。 1. The sun shines brightly in the sky. 2. The cake tastes very sweet. 3. They can finish the difficult work. 4. We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 5. The weather gets warmer as spring comes. 三、表语（系动词配套成分） 表语位于系动词之后，专门用来解释、说明主语的身份、性格、状态、特征，与系动词共同构成主系表主干句型。 高频系动词：be动词；感官动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）；变化动词（become/get/turn/grow）。 【经典例句】 He is a hard-working student. 他是一名勤奋的学生。（名词作表语） The music sounds wonderful. 这首音乐听起来很美妙。（形容词作表语） My dream comes true. 我的梦想实现了。（形容词短语作表语） The young player becomes more excellent. 这位年轻的选手变得更加优秀。（形容词比较级作表语） This story is of great meaning. 这个故事极具意义。（介词短语作表语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的表语，并注意充当表语的词的词性。 1. The water feels warm. 2. She becomes more confident. 3. This book is useful for beginners. 4. The plan sounds perfect. 5. The scenery here is amazing. 四、宾语（动作承受对象） 宾语是实义动词或介词的动作承受者，回答“做什么？作用于谁/什么？”的问题，分为动词宾语、介词宾语、双宾语、复合宾语。 宾语分类 例句 单宾语 I love English. 双宾语（人+物） He gives me a gift. 【经典例句】 I enjoy reading storybooks in my free time. 我空闲时喜欢读故事书。（动名词作宾语） Our teacher teaches us grammar skills. 老师教我们语法知识。（双宾语） She learns basic knowledge every day. 她每天学习基础知识。（名词作单宾语） We decide to take part in the English competition. 我们决定参加英语比赛。（不定式作宾语） He cares about his classmates and teachers. 他关心身边的同学和老师。（介词宾语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的宾语，并主语充当宾语的部分的词性。 1. They clean their classroom every day. 2. She likes listening to light music. 3. My father bought me a new pen. 4. We plan to visit the museum this weekend. 5. She helps her mother with housework after school. 五、定语（修饰限定成分） 定语专门修饰、限定名词或代词，用来缩小范围、补充特征，翻译为“……的”。分为前置定语（形容词、代词、名词）和后置定语（介词短语、不定式、从句，高中核心）。 判定口诀：看见“的”找定语，前置简单后置难。 【经典例句】 A clever boy solved the problem. 一个聪明的男孩解决了这个问题。（前置定语） The girl in red is my deskmate. 穿红衣服的女孩是我的同桌。（介词短语作后置定语） We need effective learning methods. 我们需要高效的学习方法。（形容词前置定语） The bag on the chair belongs to my sister. 椅子上的书包是我妹妹的。（后置定语） Students willing to practice will make great progress. 愿意练习的学生会取得巨大进步。（形容词短语后置定语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的定语，并注意充当定语的词的位置。 1. I have an interesting English book. 2. The students on the playground are playing games. 3. We visit our old school every year. 4. The beautiful scenery attracts many tourists. 5. The boy standing by the window is my friend. 六、状语（状态环境成分） 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、目的、让步、程度，是英语句式中最灵活的成分。 初中重点：时间、地点、方式状语；高中重点：目的、原因、让步、条件状语（适配状语从句）。 【经典例句】 We study hard every day. 我们每天努力学习。（方式+时间状语） To improve English, he practices speaking a lot. 为了提升英语，他大量练习口语。（目的状语） They exercise outdoors in the morning. 他们早上在户外锻炼。（地点+时间状语） He kept working though he was tired. 尽管很累，他依然坚持学习。（让步状语） If you try your best, you will succeed. 只要全力以赴，你就会成功。（条件状语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的状语，并注意状语的特点。 1. They walk slowly in the park. 2. I get up early every morning. 3. She studies hard to achieve her dream. 4. We will go hiking if the weather is fine. 5. He reads books quietly in the study every night. 七、宾语补足语（宾补·初高中衔接重点） 宾语补足语简称宾补，用于补充说明宾语的状态、特征、动作，缺少宾补则句子语义不完整，是初高中核心断层知识点。 高频搭配动词：make/keep/let/have/ask/tell/encourage/find/see/watch。 【经典例句】 The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很开心。（形容词作宾补） Our teacher encourages us to keep practicing. 老师鼓励我们坚持练习。（不定式作宾补） I find the film very touching. 我觉得这部电影十分感人。（形容词短语作宾补） We keep the door open for fresh air. 我们把门敞开保持空气流通。（形容词作宾补） His joke makes all of us laugh. 他的笑话让我们所有人开怀大笑。（省略to不定式作宾补） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的宾语补足语，并注意充当宾语补足语的词性。 1. We keep our classroom tidy and clean. 2. His parents ask him to study harder. 3. I find the movie very moving. 4. The funny story makes us relaxed. 5. Our coach encourages us to stick to our goals. 第三大板块：初高中衔接核心重难点（提分专项） 一、主干与修饰成分精准区分（高中必考） 初中只要求识别主干，高中必须剥离修饰、锁定主干，这是拆解长难句的核心能力。定语、状语、宾补均为修饰补充成分，删除后句子主干依然完整。 完整句子 主干（删除修饰） The hard-working students finish their homework carefully. Students finish homework. The girl under the tree looks very quiet and gentle. The girl looks quiet and gentle. 二、定语与状语高频混淆辨析（易错点） 二者最易混淆，是短文改错、语法填空高频失分点：定语修饰名词，状语修饰动作/整句。修饰谁、归属于谁，是唯一判定标准。 【经典例句对比】 The boy in the room is my brother. 房间里的男孩是我弟弟。（in the room 修饰boy，定语） He studies in the room. 他在房间里学习。（in the room 修饰studies，状语） 三、双宾语与宾补结构辨析（高中衔接难点） 初中不做区分，高中重点辨析：双宾语是“人和物两个独立宾语”；宾补是“补充说明宾语状态，二者为同一主体”。 【经典例句对比】 He teaches me English. 他教我英语。（双宾语：me和English相互独立） They call him Tom. 他们叫他汤姆。（宾补：him=Tom，补充说明身份） 【衔接核心总结】 1. 句子成分核心层级：主谓必存在，系表必配套，宾补补完整，定状做修饰，主干决定句子完整性，修饰决定句式丰富度。 2. 初高中最大断层：初中只会简单句成分识别，高中要求在长难句、复合句、从句嵌套中精准拆分成分，依托成分判断从句引导词、修正语病、优化写作句式。 3. 解题万能逻辑：先删定状修饰，锁定主干；再根据位置、修饰对象精准判定剩余成分，彻底解决成分混淆、句式看不懂的问题。 【小试牛刀·综合辨析】 判断下面句子中划线部分的成分（定语/状语/宾补）： 1. The book on the desk is mine. 2. He reads books in the library. 3. We keep the window open. 4. The man standing there is my teacher. 5. She runs very fast every morning. 第四大板块：句子成分高频易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 谓语判定错误 分词、不定式不能单独作谓语，必须搭配助动词/情态动词 误：He studying hard. 正：He studies hard. 表语宾语混淆 系动词后为表语，实义动词后为宾语，不可混用 He is happy(表语). He likes music(宾语). 定状成分混淆 修饰名词是定语，修饰动作、整句是状语 girl in red(定语) / play in red(状语) 滥用多余成分 主干完整后，不可重复添加语义重叠成分 误：He came here yesterday ago. 正：He came here yesterday. 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下面句子成分错误并改正： 1. He is study English every day. 2. The boy plays basketball is my friend. 3. I found the story very interest. 4. She looks happily today. 5. We finished our homework yesterday ago. 第五大板块：句子成分专项综合训练 一、成分判定填空 写出下面句子中划线部分所作的句子成分（主/谓/表/宾/定/状/宾补） 1. My sister likes drawing pictures. ________________________ 2. The food tastes delicious. ________________________ 3. I enjoy quiet music very much. 4. The cute cat is sleeping on the sofa. 5. They exercise every morning. 6. We keep the water clean. 7. To learn well needs patience. 8. He feels relaxed after rest. 9. The students in our class are friendly. 10. She speaks English fluently. 二、单项选择 选择划线部分对应的句子成分 1. The girl under the tree is my classmate.（ ） A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾补 2. We should protect our environment.（ ） A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 3. The task is easy for us.（ ） A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 状语 4. I find the film moving.（ ） A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾补 5. He runs fast on the playground.（ ） A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾补 6.Reading books is a good habit.（ ） A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 7. She loves classical music.（ ） A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 表语 8. The weather becomes cold in winter.（ ） A. 表语 B. 状语 C. 定语 9. We met a boy with a bag.（ ） A. 状语 B. 定语 C. 宾补 10. They prepare carefully to win.（ ） A. 目的状语 B. 定语 C. 表语 11. His answer makes mesurprised.（ ） A. 定语 B. 宾补 C. 状语 12. The meeting lasts long.（ ） A. 谓语 B. 主语 C. 宾语 13. The new teacher is very kind.（ ） A. 状语 B. 定语 C. 表语 14. I stay at home on weekends.（ ） A. 时间状语 B. 定语 C. 宾补 15. The news sounds great.（ ） A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 状语 三、句子拆分 拆分句子，写出每句主干（主谓宾/主系表） 1. The hard-working students finish their homework on time. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The beautiful flowers in the garden look lovely. ________________________________________________________________ 3. We often help our classmates with their study. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The kind teacher makes us confident. ________________________________________________________________ 5. Young people love challenging and meaningful things. ________________________________________________________________ 6. The warm sunshine makes the room bright. ________________________________________________________________ 7. I usually read English books in the morning. ________________________________________________________________ 8. The quiet village is very beautiful in autumn. ________________________________________________________________ 9. They practice speaking English every day. ________________________________________________________________ 10. To exercise every day keeps us healthy. ________________________________________________________________ 第14天•英语五大基本句式 五大基本句式是英语所有句子的底层核心框架，是衔接句子成分与长难句、复合句的必经考点。初中仅要求简单识别、看懂基础句子；高中要求精准判定句型、区分及物/不及物动词、熟练进行句式扩写与改写，是语法填空、短文改错、读后续写句式升格的基础重难点。所有英语长难句、复合句，本质都是五大基本句式叠加修饰成分（定/状/补）嵌套而成。 核心学习口诀：无宾系表定主干，单宾双宾补齐全，五大句型包万象，长难拆解靠本源 初高中核心差异：初中侧重识记句型、简单造句；高中侧重句型辨析、嵌套拆分、句式转换、错误规避、写作运用，是破解高中长难句看不懂、写不对的根本前提。 第一大板块：五大基本句式整体认知 英语简单句只有五种核心结构，所有句子主干均不超出此范围，区别核心在于：动词属性（及物/不及物/系动词）、是否带宾语、是否带补语。 序号 句型结构 中文名称 核心特征 1 S+V 主谓结构 不及物动词，无需宾语，语义完整 2 S+V+O 主谓宾结构 单及物动词，接单个宾语 3 S+V+P 主系表结构 系动词搭配表语，说明主语状态 4 S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾结构 接间接宾语+直接宾语，双宾语独立 5 S+V+O+C 主谓宾宾补结构 宾语+宾补，补充宾语状态，语义完整 【经典例句】 1. Birds fly. 鸟儿飞翔。（S+V 主谓） 2. I love English. 我热爱英语。（S+V+O 主谓宾） 3. He is diligent. 他很勤奋。（S+V+P 主系表） 4. My mom bought me a book. 妈妈给我买了一本书。（S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾） 5. We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间整洁。（S+V+O+C 主谓宾宾补） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型（写出句型结构） 1. The sun rises gently. ________________________________________________________________ 2. She finishes her homework on time. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The flowers look beautiful. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The teacher told us a funny story. ________________________________________________________________ 5. I find the task very easy. ________________________________________________________________ 第二大板块：五大句式逐点精讲（初高中全覆盖） 一、句型一：主谓结构（S+V） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 不及物动词。动词动作完整，不需要接宾语即可表达完整语义，后面可搭配状语修饰，仅丰富细节，不改变句子主干句型。 不及物动词无被动语态、不能直接接宾语，是高中短文改错、语法填空高频易错点；初中仅识别句型，高中要求精准避错、结合时态语态综合考查。 rise（升起）, happen（发生）, occur（出现）, appear（显现）, arrive（抵达）, come（到来）, go（离去）, stay（停留）, lie（位于/躺） 【经典例句】 1. Time flies. 时光飞逝。 2. The rain stopped suddenly. 雨突然停了。 3. Great changes have happened in our city. 我们城市发生了巨大变化。 4. He arrived safely yesterday. 他昨日安全抵达。 5. The stars shine brightly at night. 夜晚星光璀璨。 【小试牛刀】 判断句子主干句型，删除修饰成分写出最简主干 1. All the students arrived early for the meeting. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The accident occurred unexpectedly last night. ________________________________________________________________ 3. Many birds fly south in winter. ________________________________________________________________ 4. He always stays quietly in the library. ________________________________________________________________ 5. The new day comes slowly and warmly. ________________________________________________________________ 二、句型二：主谓宾结构（S+V+O） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。及物动词自身动作语义不完整，必须搭配宾语才能构成完整句意。宾语可由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句充当。 初中仅考查名词、代词作基础宾语；高中重点考查不定式、动名词、宾语从句作宾语，常结合非谓语动词、从句考点综合命题，是长难句核心基础。 learn, enjoy, decide, finish, understand, master, prefer, plan, encourage, value 【经典例句】 1. We learn knowledge every day. 我们每天学习知识。 2. She enjoys reading English novels. 她喜欢读英文小说。 3. They decide to take part in the competition. 他们决定参加比赛。 4. I fully understand your meaning. 我完全明白你的意思。 5. He finishes all his tasks carefully. 他认真完成所有任务。 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的主语、谓语、宾语，写出完整句子主干 1. Young teenagers love challenging sports. ________________________________________________________________ 2. My sister prefers listening to pop music. ________________________________________________________________ 3. We plan to visit the museum this weekend. ________________________________________________________________ 4. Teachers always encourage hard-working students. ________________________________________________________________ 5. He masters basic grammar skills well. ________________________________________________________________ 三、句型三：主系表结构（S+V+P） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 系动词 + 表语。系动词无实际动作，仅起连接主语和表语的作用，表语用于解释说明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质。 所有感官、变化类系动词无被动语态、无进行时态，是高中短文改错、语法填空最高频失分点。初高中衔接重点为区分实义动词与系动词用法，规避语态时态误用。 be(am/is/are)、look、sound、smell、taste、feel、become、get、turn、stay、keep 【经典例句】 1. I am a high school student. 我是一名高中生。 2. The cake tastes very delicious. 这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。 3. The weather becomes colder in autumn. 秋天天气变得更冷。 4. Her voice sounds extremely sweet. 她的声音格外甜美。 5. The situation stays stable all the time. 局势一直保持稳定。 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的系动词与表语，写出主干结构 1. The green grass looks lively in spring. ________________________________________________________________ 2. His dream finally comes true. ________________________________________________________________ 3. This method is useful for English learning. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The water feels warm and comfortable. ________________________________________________________________ 5. She turns more confident after practice. ________________________________________________________________ 四、句型四：主谓双宾结构（S+V+IO+DO） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物）。双宾语相互独立、互不修饰，删除任一宾语句子语义仍完整。 初中仅简单识别句式，高中要求熟练掌握双宾与for/to句式互换，精准区分双宾与宾补结构，适配句式改写、短文改错、写作升格题型。 give, show, send, pass, tell, buy, bring, lend, offer 【经典例句】 1. He gave me a valuable gift. 他送了我一份珍贵的礼物。 2. My teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. She showed me her new notebook. 她给我看了她的新笔记本。 4. Tom sent his friend a warm message. 汤姆给朋友发了一条暖心消息。 5. My dad bought me a new dictionary. 爸爸给我买了一本新字典。 【小试牛刀】 区分下面句子中的间接宾语、直接宾语，并写出句子的主干 1. The guide showed tourists the beautiful scenery. ________________________________________________________________ 2. Our monitor passed me an important note. ________________________________________________________________ 3. She offered us great help in study. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The old man told children a traditional tale. ________________________________________________________________ 5. He lent his deskmate a useful pen. ________________________________________________________________ 五、句型五：主谓宾宾补结构（S+V+O+C） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。宾补用于补充说明宾语的状态、动作、身份，删除宾补后句子语义残缺、表意不完整。 高中核心重难点，重点考查宾补不同词性搭配、使役动词用法、双宾与宾补精准辨析，是长难句拆解、句式改错、高级写作的高频考点。 make、keep、let、have、ask、encourage、see、watch、hear、find 【经典例句】 1. The news makes me excited. 这个消息让我很兴奋。 2. We keep our classroom tidy and clean. 我们保持教室干净整洁。 3. I find this grammar rule very simple. 我觉得这条语法规则很简单。 4. Parents encourage us to pursue our dreams. 父母鼓励我们追逐梦想。 5. The teacher asks us to practice more. 老师要求我们多加练习。 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的宾语和宾语补足语 1. The funny show makes all of us relaxed. ________________________________________________________________ 2. I find the new lesson very interesting. ________________________________________________________________ 3. We should keep our mind clear in study. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The coach encourages players to stick to training. ________________________________________________________________ 5. She asks me to finish the task on time. ________________________________________________________________ 第三大板块：初高中衔接核心重难点（提分专项） 一、双宾结构 VS 宾补结构（高中最大易错辨析） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 1. 主谓双宾（S+V+IO+DO）：主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物），双宾语相互独立、无逻辑关联，删除任一宾语句子语义仍完整。2. 主谓宾宾补（S+V+O+C）：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，宾补依附于宾语、补充说明宾语状态/身份，删除宾补句子语义残缺。 初高中衔接核心断层考点，高中要求精准区分双宾与宾补结构，是短文改错、语法填空、长难句拆解高频失分点。核心判定方法：看宾语与后续成分是否存在逻辑主谓/主系关系，无关联为双宾，有关联为宾补。 双宾高频动词：give, show, send, pass, tell, buy, bring, lend, offer宾补高频动词：make, keep, find, call, consider, ask, encourage 【经典例句】 1. He teaches me English.（双宾：me和English无逻辑关联） 2. He calls me Tom.（宾补：me与Tom存在逻辑主系关系，me=Tom） 3. My mom bought me a book.（双宾结构） 4. We find the story very interesting.（宾补结构） 【小试牛刀·辨析训练】 判断下列句子为双宾结构还是宾补结构 1. My grandma tells me stories every night. ________________________________________________________________ 2. We consider the plan very perfect. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The boss offered us a new chance. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The news makes us excited and hopeful. ________________________________________________________________ 5. He showed his classmates his new invention. ________________________________________________________________ 二、及物动词与不及物动词句型判定（改错必考） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 1. 及物动词（vt.）：必须接宾语才能表达完整语义，有被动语态，对应S+V+O、双宾、宾补句型。2. 不及物动词（vi.）：无需接宾语即可表达完整语义，无被动语态，仅对应S+V句型。 高中短文改错最高频考点之一，重点考查不及物动词错用被动语态、乱加宾语的错误规避。初高中衔接重点：区分易混及物/不及物动词，掌握动词搭配规则。 不及物易错动词：happen, occur, appear, arrive, rise, come, go, stay易混及物/不及物动词：raise(vt.)/rise(vi.), lay(vt.)/lie(vi.) 【经典例句】 1. The accident happened yesterday.（S+V 主谓结构，不及物动词无被动语态） 2. He raised his hand in class.（S+V+O 主谓宾结构，及物动词可接宾语、有被动） 3. The sun rises in the east.（S+V 主谓结构，rise 为不及物动词） 4. He arrived at the station on time.（S+V 主谓结构，介词短语作状语，不改变主干句型） 【小试牛刀·改错辨析】 判断句子正误并改正错误 1. Great changes are happened in our hometown. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The sun is risen in the east every morning. ________________________________________________________________ 3. He appeared suddenly in front of us. ________________________________________________________________ 三、句式扩写逻辑（写作升格核心） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 在五大基础句型主干不变的前提下，通过添加定语、状语等修饰成分，丰富句子细节、提升句式复杂度的写作方法。 高中读后续写、书面表达核心提分技巧，重点考查简单句扩写为高级句式的能力，扩写不改变原句核心句型结构。核心逻辑：定语修饰名词，状语修饰动作，不破坏句子主干。 定语常用修饰词：形容词、分词、介词短语、定语从句状语常用修饰词：副词、介词短语、状语从句、不定式短语 【经典例句】 1. 原句：I read books.（S+V+O） 扩写：I usually read useful English books in the quiet study every morning. 2. 原句：She runs.（S+V） 扩写：She runs fast in the park every weekend to keep healthy. 【衔接核心总结】 1. 所有英语句子主干只有五种，长难句、复合句均为简单句叠加修饰而成，抓句式必先抓主干。 2. 句型区分核心看动词：不及物对应主谓、系动词对应主系表、及物动词对应剩余三类句型。 3. 初高中衔接关键：突破双宾/宾补辨析、及物/不及物动词误区、掌握简单句扩写技巧，为复合句学习铺路。 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子类型（S+V / S+V+O / S+V+P / S+V+IO+DO / S+V+O+C） 1. The fresh air smells pleasant. ________________________________________________________________ 2. My best friend lives nearby. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The volunteer teaches kids basic knowledge. ________________________________________________________________ 4. We find the new rule very practical. ________________________________________________________________ 5. Most students like interesting after-school activities. ________________________________________________________________ 第四大板块：五大句式高频易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 不及物动词加宾语 S+V句型动词无宾语，无被动语态 误：happen sth 正：sth happen 系动词用被动 感官/变化系动词无被动、无进行时 误：is tasted sweet 正：tastes sweet 双宾宾补混淆 看宾语关联度，同源为宾补，独立为双宾 call him Tom(宾补) / give him pen(双宾) 多余堆砌成分 主干唯一，修饰成分不改变基础句型 精简主干，剥离定状修饰再判定 【小试牛刀】 找出句型结构错误并改正 1. The accident was happened last week. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The flower is smelled very nice. ________________________________________________________________ 3. He makes us to finish work at once. ________________________________________________________________ 4. My teacher told a story me yesterday. ________________________________________________________________ 5. I find the work easily. ________________________________________________________________ 第五大板块：五大句式专项综合训练 一、句型判定填空 写出下列句子的核心句型结构 1. Winter comes quietly every year. ________________________________________________________________ 2. We value every precious learning chance. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The task seems quite difficult. ________________________________________________________________ 4. His father taught him basic life skills. ________________________________________________________________ 5. The hard training makes him stronger. ________________________________________________________________ 6. All the players try their best. ________________________________________________________________ 7. The soup tastes very fresh. ________________________________________________________________ 8. The kind girl shows strangers the way. ________________________________________________________________ 9. I keep my bedroom tidy every day. ________________________________________________________________ 10. The bright moon shines brightly. ________________________________________________________________ 二、单项选择 选择下列句子对应的正确句型结构 1. The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+O 2. He runs fast on the playground.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 3. My mom bought me a new schoolbag.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主谓宾 4. We find the movie very wonderful.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主系表 5. Students read books in the classroom.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 6. The plan sounds great.（ ） A.S+V+P B.S+V+O C.S+V 7. The teacher asks us to keep quiet.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主谓宾 8. Birds sing happily in the tree.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 9. He offers me useful advice.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主系表 10. The water becomes hot after heating.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 11. I finish my homework every evening.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 12. The news makes everyone surprised.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主谓宾 13. They arrive safely at the station.（ ） A. S+V+O B. S+V C.S+V+P 14. She shows us her new painting.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主系表 15. The task is difficult for beginners.（ ） A.S+V+O B. S+V C. S+V+P 三、句子主干拆分 剥离修饰成分，写出句子最简主干+句型 1. The hard-working students finish their daily homework on time. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The colorful flowers in the garden look extremely beautiful. ________________________________________________________________ 3. Our kind teacher often tells us meaningful stories. ________________________________________________________________ 4. We all find the new grammar lesson very easy. ________________________________________________________________ 5. Young people around us love challenging outdoor activities. ________________________________________________________________ 6. The warm sunshine makes the whole room bright and warm. ________________________________________________________________ 7. I usually read useful English books in the morning. ________________________________________________________________ 8. The quiet small village is very peaceful in winter. ________________________________________________________________ 9. Many students practice oral English carefully every day. ________________________________________________________________ 10. Regular exercise keeps our body healthy and strong. ________________________________________________________________ 第15天•并列句和复合句 初高中英语学习的核心分水岭，在于句式结构的进阶突破。初中侧重简单句的基础运用，而高中学习重点全面转向并列句与复合句的理解、辨析和写作运用，是读懂长难句、搞定语法填空、短文改错、读写写作的关键核心。本篇讲义聚焦初高中语法衔接重点，系统梳理并列句与复合句两大核心板块，精准衔接初高中知识断层。内容涵盖并列句四大逻辑关系、复合句三大核心从句体系，搭配高频考点解析、典型例句与针对性习题，兼顾基础巩固与能力提升。通过系统化梳理句式规则、归纳高频易错点，帮助学生理清句子主次结构，突破句式混淆、语序错误、连词误用等常见问题，夯实英语句式基础，适配初高中应试与日常写作需求，为高阶英语学习筑牢根基。 第一大板块：并列句 并列句由两个或多个独立简单句构成，分句之间地位平等、无主次之分，依靠并列连词衔接，核心分为四大逻辑关系，是初高中语法基础核心考点。 1. 顺承递进关系 高频连词 考点解析 and、both...and...、not only...but also... and 表动作顺承、语义并列；both...and... 连接主语时谓语动词用复数；not only...but also... 严格遵循就近主谓一致，高中常考查句首倒装句式，是单选、语法填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 He reads books every day and he gains much knowledge. 他每天读书，收获颇丰。 Not only does she study well but also she helps others. 她不仅学习优异，还乐于助人。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适连词或正确形式 1. Both my mother and I _______ (like) doing sports in our free time. 2. Not only Tom but also his classmates _______ (be) ready for the coming exam. 3. Keep working hard, _______ you will make steady progress. 2. 转折对比关系 高频连词 考点解析 but、yet、while but 表直白转折，yet 带有意外、惋惜语气，while 侧重前后鲜明对比；核心必考禁忌：although/though 引导让步状语，绝不与 but/yet 连用，是短文改错高频陷阱。 【经典例句】 The task is hard yet we never give up. 任务艰难，但我们永不放弃。 He is young, but he has rich learning experience. 他年纪不大，却有着丰富的学习经验。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适转折连词 1. She is very tired, _______ she still finishes her homework on time. 2. The plan is simple, _______ few people can stick to it. 3. Some people love quiet life, _______ others prefer busy days. 3. 因果关系 高频连词 考点解析 so、for so 表直接结果，衔接前文原因，语义最强；for 表间接、补充说明的原因，不可置于句首；核心必考禁忌：because 表原因，与 so 严禁同时使用。 【经典例句】 It snowed heavily, so we canceled the outdoor activity. 大雪纷飞，我们取消了户外活动。 He must be ill, for he didn’t come to school today. 他一定生病了，因为他今天没来上学。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适因果连词 1. It rained heavily yesterday, _______ we had to stay indoors. 2. He stayed up late last night, _______ he feels sleepy now. 3. She must be happy, _______ she is smiling all the time. 4. 选择关系 高频连词 考点解析 or、either...or...、neither...nor... or 表选择或“否则”的反向结果；either...or...（要么……要么……）、neither...nor...（既不……也不……）连接主语时，严格遵循就近主谓一致，是初高中核心高频考点。 【经典例句】 Get ready early, or you will miss the early bus. 早点准备，否则你会错过早班车。 Either you keep working hard or you fall behind others. 要么坚持努力，要么落后于人。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适连词或正确形式 1. Hurry up, _______ we will be late for the morning class. 2. Either my sister or I _______ (be) going to clean the room. 3. Neither he nor his friends _______ (like) staying up late. 第二大板块：复合句 复合句由一个主句+一个或多个从句构成，分句有主次之分，从句依附主句充当句子成分。本板块包含三大核心子类：状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句，全覆盖初高中核心考点。 1. 状语从句（五大核心分类） 从句在主句中作状语，修饰主句动作的时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等，核心通用规则为主将从现，是初高中通用高频考点。 1.1 时间状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 when、while、until、since、before、after 初中掌握基础时态搭配与句式辨析；高中重点辨析when与while用法差异、since引导从句的时态固定搭配、not...until倒装特殊句式，是语法填空与改错高频考点。 【经典例句】 I have kept learning English since I entered junior high school. 我从初中开始一直学英语。 While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework. 妈妈做饭时，我正在写作业。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的时间状语从句连词 1. I will wait here _______ you come back safely. 2. He has learned English _______ he was six years old. 3. _______ I finished my homework, I went out for a walk. 1.2 条件状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 if、unless、as long as 全程严格遵循主将从现核心规则；if表正面条件，unless表反向“除非、如果不”，as long as表“只要”；高中重点攻克unless反向逻辑辨析、写作句式升格，是写作高频提分句型。 【经典例句】 You will make progress as long as you stick to daily practice. 只要坚持日常练习，你就会取得进步。 Unless you challenge yourself, you will never grow. 除非挑战自己，否则永远不会成长。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的条件状语从句连词 1. _______ you keep practicing, your English will improve day by day. 2. You will fail _______ you work hard from now on. 3. _______ it is sunny tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. 1.3 让步状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 although、though、even if 表转折让步逻辑，初高中核心必考禁忌：although/though 严禁与 but/yet 连用；高中拓展考查从句省略结构、复杂语境辨析，是短文改错最高频陷阱之一。 【经典例句】 Although the exam is difficult, we will try our best. 尽管考试很难，我们仍会全力以赴。 Though he is tired, he still finishes his work on time. 虽然他很累，但他依旧按时完成工作。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的让步状语从句连词 1. _______ he has achieved great success, he still keeps learning. 2. _______ it rained heavily, we still went to school. 1.4 原因状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 because、since、as 三者语气依次减弱：because表直接核心原因，since表已知原因，as表显而易见的原因；必考禁忌：原因连词与 so 严禁连用；高中侧重不同连词的语境精准辨析。 【经典例句】 I stayed at home because it rained heavily yesterday. 昨天大雨滂沱，我待在了家里。 Since you have made a decision, just stick to it. 既然你已做出决定，就坚持到底。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的原因状语从句连词 1. I didn’t go to the party _______ I was ill. 2. _______ everyone is here, let’s start our lesson. 1.5 目的/结果状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 so that、so...that...、such...that... so that 表动作目的，后接完整从句；so...that.../such...that... 表动作带来的结果，是初高中写作高频升格句式；高中重点辨析目的与结果句式差异，熟练用于长难句写作。 【经典例句】 He studies hard so that he can realize his dream. 他努力学习，只为实现自己的梦想。 The book is so interesting that I read it twice. 这本书十分有趣，我读了两遍。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的目的/结果状语从句连词 1. She gets up early every day _______ she can have enough study time. 2. The movie is _______ moving _______ many people cry.（so...that...） 2. 定语从句 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词（先行词），分为限制性与非限制性定语从句，核心考点为关系代词、关系副词的选用，是初高中复合句重中之重。 2.1 关系代词型定语从句 核心关系词 考点解析 who、whom、which、that、whose who指代人（作主语/宾语）；whom指代人（仅作宾语）；which指代物；that可指代人/物，最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰先行词只能用that；whose表所属关系，可指人或物，是语法填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 The girl who is reading under the tree is my sister. 在树下看书的那个女孩是我的妹妹。 This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose） 1. The man _______ we met just now is our new teacher. 2. This is the best movie _______ I have ever watched. 3. The boy _______ bike was broken is very sad. 2.2 关系副词型定语从句 核心关系词 考点解析 where、when、why where表地点、when表时间、why表原因，在从句中作状语；解题核心技巧：先行词在从句中作状语用关系副词，作主/宾用关系代词，是长难句辨析核心考点。 【经典例句】 This is the park where we played together. 这是我们一起玩耍过的公园。 I still remember the day when I joined the club. 我依然记得我加入社团的那天。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的关系副词（where/when/why） 1. I don’t know the reason _______ he was late. 2. This is the classroom _______ we study every day. 3. I miss the days _______ we stayed together. 3. 名词性从句（四大分类） 名词性从句相当于名词，在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，通用核心规则：从句一律使用陈述语序。 3.1 宾语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、if/whether、特殊疑问词 that引导陈述句宾语从句，无词义可省略；if/whether表“是否”，与or not连用时只能用whether；what/who/where等疑问词引导特殊句式，全程坚守陈述语序，是考试最高频名词性从句考点。 【经典例句】 I think that he is a hard-working student. 我认为他是一名勤奋的学生。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他是否会来。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的宾语从句引导词 1. I believe _______ you can finish the task well. 2. He doesn’t know _______ his father will come back or not. 3. Can you tell me _______ you are late again? 3.2 主语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、whether、what that引导主语从句不可省略；whether表“是否”，不可用if替换；常用it作形式主语替代后置主语从句，高中重点考查主谓一致与句式辨析，多用于书面写作。 【经典例句】 That he passed the exam makes us happy. 他通过了考试，这让我们很开心。 It is clear that he is right. 很明显，他是对的。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的主语从句引导词 1. _______ he will attend the meeting is not sure. 2. _______ makes me happy is my parents’ support. 3.3 表语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、whether、why/because 位于系动词后作表语，that无词义不省略；whether表是否；because表原因、why表结果，固定搭配：That’s why...（这就是……的原因），是写作高频句式。 【经典例句】 The fact is that he didn’t lie. 事实是他没有撒谎。 That’s why I was late. 这就是我迟到的原因。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的表语从句引导词 1. The problem is _______ we can finish it on time. 2. That is _______ he refused the invitation. 3.4 同位语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、whether 用于解释说明抽象名词（fact、news、idea、hope等），that仅起连接作用、不充当成分；重点区分定语从句与同位语从句，是高中难点改错考点。 【经典例句】 The news that our team won the game is exciting. 我们队获胜的消息令人振奋。 I have no idea whether he will agree. 我不知道他是否会同意。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的同位语从句引导词 1. The fact _______ he is honest is known to all. 2. There is no doubt _______ he will succeed. 第三板块：句式核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 双重连词连用错误 because与so、although/though与but/yet 严禁同时使用，为初高中最高频改错考点 误：Although he tried, but he failed. 正：Although he tried, he failed. 就近一致误用 not only...but also...、either...or...、neither...nor...连接主语，谓语就近一致 正：Not only I but also he is good at English. 我和他都擅长英语。 从句语序错误 所有名词性从句、定语从句必须使用陈述语序，禁止疑问语序 误：I wonder where is he. 正：I wonder where he is. 主将从现误用 时间、条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句统一用一般现在时 正：If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天晴天，我们就去徒步。 【小试牛刀】 下列每句均有一处语法错误，请找出并改正（聚焦本章句式高频易错点） 1. Although he worked hard, but he didn’t pass the exam. 2. Because it rained heavily, so we stayed at home. 3. Not only I but also my brother like playing basketball. 4. I wonder where is he going for his holiday. 5. If he will have time tomorrow, he will help us. 6. Neither my parents nor I is interested in painting. 7. This is the best movie what I have ever seen. 8. He studies so hard that he can get good grades every day. 9. Though it was cold, but we still went running outside. 10. I believe that if you insist, so you will succeed. 第四板块：五大句式专项综合训练 一、句子填空 根据语境填入合适连词，每空一词 1. He is tired, _______ he still keeps working. 2. _______ you try your best, you will get a good result. 3. Not only Lucy but also Lily _______ (like) reading novels. 4. The story is so moving _______ many readers are touched. 5. I will wait _______ you finish your work. 6. _______ you do not give up, your dream will come true. 7. He was _______ nervous _______ he couldn’t say a word. 8. This is the best gift _______ I have ever received. 9. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the early bus. 10. _______ it is difficult, we will never give up. 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. He studied very hard, _______ he failed the final exam. A. and B. so C. but D. or 2. _______ you stick to your dream, you will never regret. A. As long as B. While C. Although D. Until 3. Not only my sister but also I _______ fond of classical music. A. is B. am C. are D. be 4. This is the park _______ we played together in our childhood. A. where B. which C. that D. when 5. _______ it was late at night, they continued their study. A. If B. Although C. Because D. So 6. Get up early, _______ you can have enough time to prepare for school. A. but B. so C. or D. and 7. She studies diligently _______ she can enter her dream university. A. because B. so that C. such that D. though 8. I don’t know _______ he will come to the party or not. A. what B. if C. whether D. that 9. The movie is _______ touching _______ I want to watch it again. A. such; that B. so; that C. too; to D. enough; to 10. _______ everyone is present, let’s start our class. A. Since B. Though C. Although D. While 11. We must get up early, _______ we’ll miss the first school bus. A. and B. so C. but D. or 12. _______ you have finished your homework, you can’t watch TV. A. Because B. If C. Unless D. So 13. Neither my parents nor I _______ interested in playing computer games. A. is B. are C. be D. am 14. This is the best novel _______ I have ever read in my middle school life. A. that B. what C. which D. where 15. He was late for school _______ he stayed up too late last night. A. although B. but C. because D. so 三、完成句子 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词 1. 只要你坚持努力，你就会成功。 You will succeed _______ _______ you keep working hard. 2. 虽然天气很冷，但他依旧早起锻炼。 _______ the weather is cold, he still gets up early to exercise. 3. 这是我看过最精彩的电影。 This is the most wonderful movie _______ I have ever seen. 4. 他每天早起是为了能够多读一会书。 He gets up early every day _______ _______ he can read more books. 5. 要么你去，要么我去。 _______ you go _______ I go. 6. 既然天气很好，我们可以去户外散步。 _______ the weather is fine, we can take a walk outdoors. 7. 他学习如此刻苦，以至于取得了很大进步。 He studies _______ hard _______ he has made great progress. 8. 我不知道他是否会参加运动会。 I don’t know _______ he will take part in the sports meeting or not. 9. 不仅学生们，老师也喜欢课后阅读。 Not only the students but also the teacher _______ (like) reading after class. 10. 你必须努力，否则就会落后于别人。 You must work hard, _______ you will fall behind others. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版初高中英语语法衔接21天打卡计划 （13-15） 第13天•七大句子成分 句子成分是初高中英语语法的底层地基，是拆分长难句、学好五大句型、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的前置核心考点。初中仅要求简单识别主干成分、看懂基础句式；高中要求精准划分所有句子成分、辨析句式结构、解决从句嵌套、改错语病、写作升格问题。本文严格对标初高中考点梯度，系统梳理七大句子成分、功能特征、判定方法、初高中差异，搭配标准例句与分层习题，完整搭建句子成分知识体系。 第一大板块：句子成分核心基础认知 英语句子由不同功能的结构单元构成，这些功能单元即为句子成分。英语完整句子包含七大成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。所有长难句、复合句，本质都是简单句成分的叠加与拓展。 核心学习逻辑：先抓主干（主谓宾/主系表），再找修饰（定状补）。主干决定句子完整度，修饰成分丰富句子细节，这是初高中句子分析的通用解题逻辑。 初高中核心差异：初中只要求识别简单句主干，无需细化修饰成分；高中必须精准划分所有成分，依托成分判断从句引导词、区分句式类型、修改句式语病、拆解嵌套长难句。 句子成分 核心定位 必备属性 核心作用 主语 句子描述主体 主干必备 发出动作、承载状态 谓语 句子核心动作/状态 主干必备（句子灵魂） 体现时态、语态、语气 表语 系动词后补充内容 主系表句型必备 说明主语身份、特征、状态 宾语 动作承受对象 实义动词可选 承接谓语动作 定语 修饰限定成分 修饰可选 修饰名词、代词 状语 状态环境成分 修饰可选 修饰动词、形容词、整句 宾补 宾语补充成分 特殊句型必备 完善宾语状态、使句意完整 核心解题口诀：主谓为根定主干，系表配套辨状态；宾语承接动作性，定修名代状修全，宾补补全宾语义。 【经典例句】 She studies English every day. 她每天学习英语。（主谓宾+时间状语） The flower looks beautiful. 这朵花看起来很漂亮。（主系表结构） The tall boy helps me. 这个高个子男孩帮助我。（定语修饰主语，主谓宾） We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间干净整洁。（主谓宾+宾补结构） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子中的核心主干（写出主谓宾/主系表） 1. My mother cooks delicious food every morning. 2. The weather becomes warm in spring. 3. The kind girl helps old people in need. 4. We find the story very interesting. 5. He finishes his homework carefully. 参考答案：1. 主谓宾（mother cooks food） 2. 主系表（weather becomes warm） 3. 主谓宾（girl helps people） 4. 主谓宾宾补（We find story interesting） 5. 主谓宾（He finishes homework） 第二大板块：七大句子成分精讲（初高中全覆盖） 本章逐点精讲七大句子成分的定义、充当词类、位置特征、判定方法、初高中考点差异，搭配标准例句，覆盖所有基础与衔接重难点。 一、主语（句子主体） 主语是句子描述的核心主体，回答“谁？什么？”的问题，是句子必备主干成分，一般位于句首。可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句充当。 常见充当形式 例句展示 名词/代词 Tom likes reading. / They play basketball. 动名词/不定式（高中重点） Swimming is good for health. / To study hard is our duty. 【经典例句】 Students should develop good learning habits. 学生应该养成良好的学习习惯。（名词作主语） Reading English every day improves your grammar. 每天读英语能提升你的语法水平。（动名词作主语） Hard work leads to final success. 努力付出会收获最终的成功。（名词短语作主语） To master basic grammar is necessary for learners. 掌握基础语法对学习者而言必不可少。（不定式作主语） Everyone in our class loves sports. 我们班的每个人都热爱运动。（代词作主语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面每个句子中的主语，并注意充当主语的词或短语。 1. The beautiful park attracts many visitors. 2. To keep healthy is very important for teenagers. 3. He always helps his classmates in study. 4. Practicing oral English improves your communication skills. 5. The fresh air in the countryside is very comfortable. 参考答案：1. The beautiful park 2. To keep healthy 3. He 4. Practicing oral English 5. The fresh air 二、谓语（句子核心灵魂） 谓语是说明主语动作、行为、状态的成分，是句子唯一不可缺失的核心，决定句子时态、语态、单复数。分为实义动词谓语、系动词谓语、情态动词+动词原形谓语。 谓语类型 说明 实义动词谓语 表具体动作：run/study/eat/write 系动词谓语 表状态：be/look/sound/become/turn 复合谓语 情态动词+动词原形、时态组合（高中重点） 【经典例句】 We finish our tasks on time. 我们按时完成任务。（实义动词作谓语） The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。（系动词作谓语） We should practice English every day. 我们应该每天练习英语。（复合谓语） The little girl smiles sweetly to everyone. 这个小女孩对每个人都甜甜地微笑。（实义动词作谓语） The flowers smell very pleasant in spring. 春天的花朵闻起来十分怡人。（感官系动词作谓语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面每个句子中的谓语，并注意谓语部分的构成。 1. The sun shines brightly in the sky. 2. The cake tastes very sweet. 3. They can finish the difficult work. 4. We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 5. The weather gets warmer as spring comes. 参考答案：1. shines 2. tastes 3. can finish 4. must keep 5. gets 三、表语（系动词配套成分） 表语位于系动词之后，专门用来解释、说明主语的身份、性格、状态、特征，与系动词共同构成主系表主干句型。 高频系动词：be动词；感官动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）；变化动词（become/get/turn/grow）。 【经典例句】 He is a hard-working student. 他是一名勤奋的学生。（名词作表语） The music sounds wonderful. 这首音乐听起来很美妙。（形容词作表语） My dream comes true. 我的梦想实现了。（形容词短语作表语） The young player becomes more excellent. 这位年轻的选手变得更加优秀。（形容词比较级作表语） This story is of great meaning. 这个故事极具意义。（介词短语作表语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的表语，并注意充当表语的词的词性。 1. The water feels warm. 2. She becomes more confident. 3. This book is useful for beginners. 4. The plan sounds perfect. 5. The scenery here is amazing. 参考答案：1. warm 2. more confident 3. useful 4. perfect 5. amazing 四、宾语（动作承受对象） 宾语是实义动词或介词的动作承受者，回答“做什么？作用于谁/什么？”的问题，分为动词宾语、介词宾语、双宾语、复合宾语。 宾语分类 例句 单宾语 I love English. 双宾语（人+物） He gives me a gift. 【经典例句】 I enjoy reading storybooks in my free time. 我空闲时喜欢读故事书。（动名词作宾语） Our teacher teaches us grammar skills. 老师教我们语法知识。（双宾语） She learns basic knowledge every day. 她每天学习基础知识。（名词作单宾语） We decide to take part in the English competition. 我们决定参加英语比赛。（不定式作宾语） He cares about his classmates and teachers. 他关心身边的同学和老师。（介词宾语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的宾语，并主语充当宾语的部分的词性。 1. They clean their classroom every day. 2. She likes listening to light music. 3. My father bought me a new pen. 4. We plan to visit the museum this weekend. 5. She helps her mother with housework after school. 参考答案：1. their classroom 2. listening to light music 3. me（间接宾语）; a new pen（直接宾语） 4. to visit the museum 5. her mother; housework 五、定语（修饰限定成分） 定语专门修饰、限定名词或代词，用来缩小范围、补充特征，翻译为“……的”。分为前置定语（形容词、代词、名词）和后置定语（介词短语、不定式、从句，高中核心）。 判定口诀：看见“的”找定语，前置简单后置难。 【经典例句】 A clever boy solved the problem. 一个聪明的男孩解决了这个问题。（前置定语） The girl in red is my deskmate. 穿红衣服的女孩是我的同桌。（介词短语作后置定语） We need effective learning methods. 我们需要高效的学习方法。（形容词前置定语） The bag on the chair belongs to my sister. 椅子上的书包是我妹妹的。（后置定语） Students willing to practice will make great progress. 愿意练习的学生会取得巨大进步。（形容词短语后置定语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的定语，并注意充当定语的词的位置。 1. I have an interesting English book. 2. The students on the playground are playing games. 3. We visit our old school every year. 4. The beautiful scenery attracts many tourists. 5. The boy standing by the window is my friend. 参考答案：1. interesting, English 2. on the playground 3. old 4. beautiful 5. standing by the window 六、状语（状态环境成分） 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、目的、让步、程度，是英语句式中最灵活的成分。 初中重点：时间、地点、方式状语；高中重点：目的、原因、让步、条件状语（适配状语从句）。 【经典例句】 We study hard every day. 我们每天努力学习。（方式+时间状语） To improve English, he practices speaking a lot. 为了提升英语，他大量练习口语。（目的状语） They exercise outdoors in the morning. 他们早上在户外锻炼。（地点+时间状语） He kept working though he was tired. 尽管很累，他依然坚持学习。（让步状语） If you try your best, you will succeed. 只要全力以赴，你就会成功。（条件状语） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的状语，并注意状语的特点。 1. They walk slowly in the park. 2. I get up early every morning. 3. She studies hard to achieve her dream. 4. We will go hiking if the weather is fine. 5. He reads books quietly in the study every night. 参考答案：1. slowly, in the park 2. early, every morning 3. hard, to achieve her dream 4. if the weather is fine 5. quietly, in the study, every night 七、宾语补足语（宾补·初高中衔接重点） 宾语补足语简称宾补，用于补充说明宾语的状态、特征、动作，缺少宾补则句子语义不完整，是初高中核心断层知识点。 高频搭配动词：make/keep/let/have/ask/tell/encourage/find/see/watch。 【经典例句】 The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很开心。（形容词作宾补） Our teacher encourages us to keep practicing. 老师鼓励我们坚持练习。（不定式作宾补） I find the film very touching. 我觉得这部电影十分感人。（形容词短语作宾补） We keep the door open for fresh air. 我们把门敞开保持空气流通。（形容词作宾补） His joke makes all of us laugh. 他的笑话让我们所有人开怀大笑。（省略to不定式作宾补） 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的宾语补足语，并注意充当宾语补足语的词性。 1. We keep our classroom tidy and clean. 2. His parents ask him to study harder. 3. I find the movie very moving. 4. The funny story makes us relaxed. 5. Our coach encourages us to stick to our goals. 参考答案：1. tidy and clean 2. to study harder 3. very moving 4. relaxed 5. to stick to our goals 第三大板块：初高中衔接核心重难点（提分专项） 一、主干与修饰成分精准区分（高中必考） 初中只要求识别主干，高中必须剥离修饰、锁定主干，这是拆解长难句的核心能力。定语、状语、宾补均为修饰补充成分，删除后句子主干依然完整。 完整句子 主干（删除修饰） The hard-working students finish their homework carefully. Students finish homework. The girl under the tree looks very quiet and gentle. The girl looks quiet and gentle. 二、定语与状语高频混淆辨析（易错点） 二者最易混淆，是短文改错、语法填空高频失分点：定语修饰名词，状语修饰动作/整句。修饰谁、归属于谁，是唯一判定标准。 【经典例句对比】 The boy in the room is my brother. 房间里的男孩是我弟弟。（in the room 修饰boy，定语） He studies in the room. 他在房间里学习。（in the room 修饰studies，状语） 三、双宾语与宾补结构辨析（高中衔接难点） 初中不做区分，高中重点辨析：双宾语是“人和物两个独立宾语”；宾补是“补充说明宾语状态，二者为同一主体”。 【经典例句对比】 He teaches me English. 他教我英语。（双宾语：me和English相互独立） They call him Tom. 他们叫他汤姆。（宾补：him=Tom，补充说明身份） 【衔接核心总结】 1. 句子成分核心层级：主谓必存在，系表必配套，宾补补完整，定状做修饰，主干决定句子完整性，修饰决定句式丰富度。 2. 初高中最大断层：初中只会简单句成分识别，高中要求在长难句、复合句、从句嵌套中精准拆分成分，依托成分判断从句引导词、修正语病、优化写作句式。 3. 解题万能逻辑：先删定状修饰，锁定主干；再根据位置、修饰对象精准判定剩余成分，彻底解决成分混淆、句式看不懂的问题。 【小试牛刀·综合辨析】 判断下面句子中划线部分的成分（定语/状语/宾补）： 1. The book on the desk is mine. 2. He reads books in the library. 3. We keep the window open. 4. The man standing there is my teacher. 5. She runs very fast every morning. 参考答案：1. 定语 2. 状语 3. 宾补 4. 定语 5. 状语 第四大板块：句子成分高频易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 谓语判定错误 分词、不定式不能单独作谓语，必须搭配助动词/情态动词 误：He studying hard. 正：He studies hard. 表语宾语混淆 系动词后为表语，实义动词后为宾语，不可混用 He is happy(表语). He likes music(宾语). 定状成分混淆 修饰名词是定语，修饰动作、整句是状语 girl in red(定语) / play in red(状语) 滥用多余成分 主干完整后，不可重复添加语义重叠成分 误：He came here yesterday ago. 正：He came here yesterday. 【小试牛刀·单句改错】 找出下面句子成分错误并改正： 1. He is study English every day. 2. The boy plays basketball is my friend. 3. I found the story very interest. 4. She looks happily today. 5. We finished our homework yesterday ago. 参考答案：1. is study→studies 2. plays→playing 3. interest→interesting 4. happily→happy 5. 删除ago 第五大板块：句子成分专项综合训练 一、成分判定填空 写出下面句子中划线部分所作的句子成分（主/谓/表/宾/定/状/宾补） 1. My sister likes drawing pictures. ________________________ 2. The food tastes delicious. ________________________ 3. I enjoy quiet music very much. 4. The cute cat is sleeping on the sofa. 5. They exercise every morning. 6. We keep the water clean. 7. To learn well needs patience. 8. He feels relaxed after rest. 9. The students in our class are friendly. 10. She speaks English fluently. 参考答案：1. 主语 2. 谓语 3. 宾语 4. 定语 5. 状语 6. 宾补 7. 主语 8. 表语 9. 定语 10. 状语 二、单项选择（15题） 选择划线部分对应的句子成分 1. The girl under the tree is my classmate.（ ） A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾补 2. We should protect our environment.（ ） A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 3. The task is easy for us.（ ） A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 状语 4. I find the film moving.（ ） A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾补 5. He runs fast on the playground.（ ） A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾补 6.Reading books is a good habit.（ ） A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 7. She loves classical music.（ ） A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 表语 8. The weather becomes cold in winter.（ ） A. 表语 B. 状语 C. 定语 9. We met a boy with a bag.（ ） A. 状语 B. 定语 C. 宾补 10. They prepare carefully to win.（ ） A. 目的状语 B. 定语 C. 表语 11. His answer makes mesurprised.（ ） A. 定语 B. 宾补 C. 状语 12. The meeting lasts long.（ ） A. 谓语 B. 主语 C. 宾语 13. The new teacher is very kind.（ ） A. 状语 B. 定语 C. 表语 14. I stay at home on weekends.（ ） A. 时间状语 B. 定语 C. 宾补 15. The news sounds great.（ ） A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 状语 参考答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 三、句子拆分（10题） 拆分句子，写出每句主干（主谓宾/主系表） 1. The hard-working students finish their homework on time. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The beautiful flowers in the garden look lovely. ________________________________________________________________ 3. We often help our classmates with their study. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The kind teacher makes us confident. ________________________________________________________________ 5. Young people love challenging and meaningful things. ________________________________________________________________ 6. The warm sunshine makes the room bright. ________________________________________________________________ 7. I usually read English books in the morning. ________________________________________________________________ 8. The quiet village is very beautiful in autumn. ________________________________________________________________ 9. They practice speaking English every day. ________________________________________________________________ 10. To exercise every day keeps us healthy. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1. Students finish homework. 2. Flowers look lovely. 3. We help classmates. 4. Teacher makes us confident. 5. Young people love things. 6. Sunshine makes room bright. 7. I read books. 8. Village is beautiful. 9. They practice speaking English. 10. To exercise keeps us healthy. 第14天•英语五大基本句式 五大基本句式是英语所有句子的底层核心框架，是衔接句子成分与长难句、复合句的必经考点。初中仅要求简单识别、看懂基础句子；高中要求精准判定句型、区分及物/不及物动词、熟练进行句式扩写与改写，是语法填空、短文改错、读后续写句式升格的基础重难点。所有英语长难句、复合句，本质都是五大基本句式叠加修饰成分（定/状/补）嵌套而成。 核心学习口诀：无宾系表定主干，单宾双宾补齐全，五大句型包万象，长难拆解靠本源 初高中核心差异：初中侧重识记句型、简单造句；高中侧重句型辨析、嵌套拆分、句式转换、错误规避、写作运用，是破解高中长难句看不懂、写不对的根本前提。 第一大板块：五大基本句式整体认知 英语简单句只有五种核心结构，所有句子主干均不超出此范围，区别核心在于：动词属性（及物/不及物/系动词）、是否带宾语、是否带补语。 序号 句型结构 中文名称 核心特征 1 S+V 主谓结构 不及物动词，无需宾语，语义完整 2 S+V+O 主谓宾结构 单及物动词，接单个宾语 3 S+V+P 主系表结构 系动词搭配表语，说明主语状态 4 S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾结构 接间接宾语+直接宾语，双宾语独立 5 S+V+O+C 主谓宾宾补结构 宾语+宾补，补充宾语状态，语义完整 【经典例句】 1. Birds fly. 鸟儿飞翔。（S+V 主谓） 2. I love English. 我热爱英语。（S+V+O 主谓宾） 3. He is diligent. 他很勤奋。（S+V+P 主系表） 4. My mom bought me a book. 妈妈给我买了一本书。（S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾） 5. We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间整洁。（S+V+O+C 主谓宾宾补） 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型（写出句型结构） 1. The sun rises gently. ________________________________________________________________ 2. She finishes her homework on time. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The flowers look beautiful. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The teacher told us a funny story. ________________________________________________________________ 5. I find the task very easy. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P 4.S+V+IO+DO 5.S+V+O+C 第二大板块：五大句式逐点精讲（初高中全覆盖） 一、句型一：主谓结构（S+V） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 不及物动词。动词动作完整，不需要接宾语即可表达完整语义，后面可搭配状语修饰，仅丰富细节，不改变句子主干句型。 不及物动词无被动语态、不能直接接宾语，是高中短文改错、语法填空高频易错点；初中仅识别句型，高中要求精准避错、结合时态语态综合考查。 rise（升起）, happen（发生）, occur（出现）, appear（显现）, arrive（抵达）, come（到来）, go（离去）, stay（停留）, lie（位于/躺） 【经典例句】 1. Time flies. 时光飞逝。 2. The rain stopped suddenly. 雨突然停了。 3. Great changes have happened in our city. 我们城市发生了巨大变化。 4. He arrived safely yesterday. 他昨日安全抵达。 5. The stars shine brightly at night. 夜晚星光璀璨。 【小试牛刀】 判断句子主干句型，删除修饰成分写出最简主干 1. All the students arrived early for the meeting. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The accident occurred unexpectedly last night. ________________________________________________________________ 3. Many birds fly south in winter. ________________________________________________________________ 4. He always stays quietly in the library. ________________________________________________________________ 5. The new day comes slowly and warmly. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.Students arrived 2.Accident occurred 3.Birds fly 4.He stays 5.Day comes 二、句型二：主谓宾结构（S+V+O） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。及物动词自身动作语义不完整，必须搭配宾语才能构成完整句意。宾语可由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句充当。 初中仅考查名词、代词作基础宾语；高中重点考查不定式、动名词、宾语从句作宾语，常结合非谓语动词、从句考点综合命题，是长难句核心基础。 learn, enjoy, decide, finish, understand, master, prefer, plan, encourage, value 【经典例句】 1. We learn knowledge every day. 我们每天学习知识。 2. She enjoys reading English novels. 她喜欢读英文小说。 3. They decide to take part in the competition. 他们决定参加比赛。 4. I fully understand your meaning. 我完全明白你的意思。 5. He finishes all his tasks carefully. 他认真完成所有任务。 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的主语、谓语、宾语，写出完整句子主干 1. Young teenagers love challenging sports. ________________________________________________________________ 2. My sister prefers listening to pop music. ________________________________________________________________ 3. We plan to visit the museum this weekend. ________________________________________________________________ 4. Teachers always encourage hard-working students. ________________________________________________________________ 5. He masters basic grammar skills well. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.teenagers love sports 2.sister prefers listening to pop music 3.We plan to visit the museum 4.Teachers encourage students 5.He masters skills 三、句型三：主系表结构（S+V+P） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 系动词 + 表语。系动词无实际动作，仅起连接主语和表语的作用，表语用于解释说明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质。 所有感官、变化类系动词无被动语态、无进行时态，是高中短文改错、语法填空最高频失分点。初高中衔接重点为区分实义动词与系动词用法，规避语态时态误用。 be(am/is/are)、look、sound、smell、taste、feel、become、get、turn、stay、keep 【经典例句】 1. I am a high school student. 我是一名高中生。 2. The cake tastes very delicious. 这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。 3. The weather becomes colder in autumn. 秋天天气变得更冷。 4. Her voice sounds extremely sweet. 她的声音格外甜美。 5. The situation stays stable all the time. 局势一直保持稳定。 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的系动词与表语，写出主干结构 1. The green grass looks lively in spring. ________________________________________________________________ 2. His dream finally comes true. ________________________________________________________________ 3. This method is useful for English learning. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The water feels warm and comfortable. ________________________________________________________________ 5. She turns more confident after practice. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.grass looks lively 2.dream comes true 3.method is useful 4.water feels warm and comfortable 5.She turns confident 四、句型四：主谓双宾结构（S+V+IO+DO） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物）。双宾语相互独立、互不修饰，删除任一宾语句子语义仍完整。 初中仅简单识别句式，高中要求熟练掌握双宾与for/to句式互换，精准区分双宾与宾补结构，适配句式改写、短文改错、写作升格题型。 give, show, send, pass, tell, buy, bring, lend, offer 【经典例句】 1. He gave me a valuable gift. 他送了我一份珍贵的礼物。 2. My teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. She showed me her new notebook. 她给我看了她的新笔记本。 4. Tom sent his friend a warm message. 汤姆给朋友发了一条暖心消息。 5. My dad bought me a new dictionary. 爸爸给我买了一本新字典。 【小试牛刀】 区分下面句子中的间接宾语、直接宾语，并写出句子的主干 1. The guide showed tourists the beautiful scenery. ________________________________________________________________ 2. Our monitor passed me an important note. ________________________________________________________________ 3. She offered us great help in study. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The old man told children a traditional tale. ________________________________________________________________ 5. He lent his deskmate a useful pen. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.guide showed tourists scenery 2.monitor passed me note 3.She offered us help 4.man told children tale 5.He lent deskmate pen 五、句型五：主谓宾宾补结构（S+V+O+C） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。宾补用于补充说明宾语的状态、动作、身份，删除宾补后句子语义残缺、表意不完整。 高中核心重难点，重点考查宾补不同词性搭配、使役动词用法、双宾与宾补精准辨析，是长难句拆解、句式改错、高级写作的高频考点。 make、keep、let、have、ask、encourage、see、watch、hear、find 【经典例句】 1. The news makes me excited. 这个消息让我很兴奋。 2. We keep our classroom tidy and clean. 我们保持教室干净整洁。 3. I find this grammar rule very simple. 我觉得这条语法规则很简单。 4. Parents encourage us to pursue our dreams. 父母鼓励我们追逐梦想。 5. The teacher asks us to practice more. 老师要求我们多加练习。 【小试牛刀】 找出下面句子中的宾语和宾语补足语 1. The funny show makes all of us relaxed. ________________________________________________________________ 2. I find the new lesson very interesting. ________________________________________________________________ 3. We should keep our mind clear in study. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The coach encourages players to stick to training. ________________________________________________________________ 5. She asks me to finish the task on time. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.us(宾) relaxed(宾补) 2.lesson(宾) interesting(宾补) 3.mind(宾) clear(宾补) 4.players(宾) to stick to training(宾补) 5.me(宾) to finish the task(宾补) 第三大板块：初高中衔接核心重难点（提分专项） 一、双宾结构 VS 宾补结构（高中最大易错辨析） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 1. 主谓双宾（S+V+IO+DO）：主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物），双宾语相互独立、无逻辑关联，删除任一宾语句子语义仍完整。2. 主谓宾宾补（S+V+O+C）：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，宾补依附于宾语、补充说明宾语状态/身份，删除宾补句子语义残缺。 初高中衔接核心断层考点，高中要求精准区分双宾与宾补结构，是短文改错、语法填空、长难句拆解高频失分点。核心判定方法：看宾语与后续成分是否存在逻辑主谓/主系关系，无关联为双宾，有关联为宾补。 双宾高频动词：give, show, send, pass, tell, buy, bring, lend, offer宾补高频动词：make, keep, find, call, consider, ask, encourage 【经典例句】 1. He teaches me English.（双宾：me和English无逻辑关联） 2. He calls me Tom.（宾补：me与Tom存在逻辑主系关系，me=Tom） 3. My mom bought me a book.（双宾结构） 4. We find the story very interesting.（宾补结构） 【小试牛刀·辨析训练】 判断下列句子为双宾结构还是宾补结构 1. My grandma tells me stories every night. ________________________________________________________________ 2. We consider the plan very perfect. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The boss offered us a new chance. ________________________________________________________________ 4. The news makes us excited and hopeful. ________________________________________________________________ 5. He showed his classmates his new invention. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.双宾 2.宾补 3.双宾 4.宾补 5.双宾 二、及物动词与不及物动词句型判定（改错必考） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 1. 及物动词（vt.）：必须接宾语才能表达完整语义，有被动语态，对应S+V+O、双宾、宾补句型。2. 不及物动词（vi.）：无需接宾语即可表达完整语义，无被动语态，仅对应S+V句型。 高中短文改错最高频考点之一，重点考查不及物动词错用被动语态、乱加宾语的错误规避。初高中衔接重点：区分易混及物/不及物动词，掌握动词搭配规则。 不及物易错动词：happen, occur, appear, arrive, rise, come, go, stay易混及物/不及物动词：raise(vt.)/rise(vi.), lay(vt.)/lie(vi.) 【经典例句】 1. The accident happened yesterday.（S+V 主谓结构，不及物动词无被动语态） 2. He raised his hand in class.（S+V+O 主谓宾结构，及物动词可接宾语、有被动） 3. The sun rises in the east.（S+V 主谓结构，rise 为不及物动词） 4. He arrived at the station on time.（S+V 主谓结构，介词短语作状语，不改变主干句型） 【小试牛刀·改错辨析】 判断句子正误并改正错误 1. Great changes are happened in our hometown. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The sun is risen in the east every morning. ________________________________________________________________ 3. He appeared suddenly in front of us. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.删除are 2.is risen→rises 3.正确 三、句式扩写逻辑（写作升格核心） 核心定义 核心考点 高频词汇 在五大基础句型主干不变的前提下，通过添加定语、状语等修饰成分，丰富句子细节、提升句式复杂度的写作方法。 高中读后续写、书面表达核心提分技巧，重点考查简单句扩写为高级句式的能力，扩写不改变原句核心句型结构。核心逻辑：定语修饰名词，状语修饰动作，不破坏句子主干。 定语常用修饰词：形容词、分词、介词短语、定语从句状语常用修饰词：副词、介词短语、状语从句、不定式短语 【经典例句】 1. 原句：I read books.（S+V+O） 扩写：I usually read useful English books in the quiet study every morning. 2. 原句：She runs.（S+V） 扩写：She runs fast in the park every weekend to keep healthy. 【衔接核心总结】 1. 所有英语句子主干只有五种，长难句、复合句均为简单句叠加修饰而成，抓句式必先抓主干。 2. 句型区分核心看动词：不及物对应主谓、系动词对应主系表、及物动词对应剩余三类句型。 3. 初高中衔接关键：突破双宾/宾补辨析、及物/不及物动词误区、掌握简单句扩写技巧，为复合句学习铺路。 【小试牛刀】 判断下列句子类型（S+V / S+V+O / S+V+P / S+V+IO+DO / S+V+O+C） 1. The fresh air smells pleasant. ________________________________________________________________ 2. My best friend lives nearby. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The volunteer teaches kids basic knowledge. ________________________________________________________________ 4. We find the new rule very practical. ________________________________________________________________ 5. Most students like interesting after-school activities. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.S+V+P 2.S+V 3.S+V+IO+DO 4.S+V+O+C 5.S+V+O 第四大板块：五大句式高频易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 不及物动词加宾语 S+V句型动词无宾语，无被动语态 误：happen sth 正：sth happen 系动词用被动 感官/变化系动词无被动、无进行时 误：is tasted sweet 正：tastes sweet 双宾宾补混淆 看宾语关联度，同源为宾补，独立为双宾 call him Tom(宾补) / give him pen(双宾) 多余堆砌成分 主干唯一，修饰成分不改变基础句型 精简主干，剥离定状修饰再判定 【小试牛刀】 找出句型结构错误并改正 1. The accident was happened last week. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The flower is smelled very nice. ________________________________________________________________ 3. He makes us to finish work at once. ________________________________________________________________ 4. My teacher told a story me yesterday. ________________________________________________________________ 5. I find the work easily. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.删除was 2.删除is 3.删除to 4.story me→me a story 5.easily→easy 第五大板块：五大句式专项综合训练 一、句型判定填空（10题） 写出下列句子的核心句型结构 1. Winter comes quietly every year. ________________________________________________________________ 2. We value every precious learning chance. ________________________________________________________________ 3. The task seems quite difficult. ________________________________________________________________ 4. His father taught him basic life skills. ________________________________________________________________ 5. The hard training makes him stronger. ________________________________________________________________ 6. All the players try their best. ________________________________________________________________ 7. The soup tastes very fresh. ________________________________________________________________ 8. The kind girl shows strangers the way. ________________________________________________________________ 9. I keep my bedroom tidy every day. ________________________________________________________________ 10. The bright moon shines brightly. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P 4.S+V+IO+DO 5.S+V+O+C 6.S+V+O 7.S+V+P 8.S+V+IO+DO 9.S+V+O+C 10.S+V 二、单项选择（15题） 选择下列句子对应的正确句型结构 1. The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+O 2. He runs fast on the playground.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 3. My mom bought me a new schoolbag.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主谓宾 4. We find the movie very wonderful.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主系表 5. Students read books in the classroom.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 6. The plan sounds great.（ ） A.S+V+P B.S+V+O C.S+V 7. The teacher asks us to keep quiet.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主谓宾 8. Birds sing happily in the tree.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 9. He offers me useful advice.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主系表 10. The water becomes hot after heating.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 11. I finish my homework every evening.（ ） A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P 12. The news makes everyone surprised.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主谓宾 13. They arrive safely at the station.（ ） A. S+V+O B. S+V C.S+V+P 14. She shows us her new painting.（ ） A.双宾 B.宾补 C.主系表 15. The task is difficult for beginners.（ ） A.S+V+O B. S+V C. S+V+P 参考答案：1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 三、句子主干拆分（10题） 剥离修饰成分，写出句子最简主干+句型 1. The hard-working students finish their daily homework on time. ________________________________________________________________ 2. The colorful flowers in the garden look extremely beautiful. ________________________________________________________________ 3. Our kind teacher often tells us meaningful stories. ________________________________________________________________ 4. We all find the new grammar lesson very easy. ________________________________________________________________ 5. Young people around us love challenging outdoor activities. ________________________________________________________________ 6. The warm sunshine makes the whole room bright and warm. ________________________________________________________________ 7. I usually read useful English books in the morning. ________________________________________________________________ 8. The quiet small village is very peaceful in winter. ________________________________________________________________ 9. Many students practice oral English carefully every day. ________________________________________________________________ 10. Regular exercise keeps our body healthy and strong. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：1.Students finish homework(S+V+O) 2.Flowers look beautiful(S+V+P) 3.Teacher tells us stories(S+V+IO+DO) 4.We find lesson easy(S+V+O+C) 5.People love activities(S+V+O) 6.Sunshine makes room bright(S+V+O+C) 7.I read books(S+V+O) 8.Village is peaceful(S+V+P) 9.Students practice English(S+V+O) 10.Exercise keeps body healthy(S+V+O+C) 第15天•并列句和复合句 初高中英语学习的核心分水岭，在于句式结构的进阶突破。初中侧重简单句的基础运用，而高中学习重点全面转向并列句与复合句的理解、辨析和写作运用，是读懂长难句、搞定语法填空、短文改错、读写写作的关键核心。本篇讲义聚焦初高中语法衔接重点，系统梳理并列句与复合句两大核心板块，精准衔接初高中知识断层。内容涵盖并列句四大逻辑关系、复合句三大核心从句体系，搭配高频考点解析、典型例句与针对性习题，兼顾基础巩固与能力提升。通过系统化梳理句式规则、归纳高频易错点，帮助学生理清句子主次结构，突破句式混淆、语序错误、连词误用等常见问题，夯实英语句式基础，适配初高中应试与日常写作需求，为高阶英语学习筑牢根基。 第一大板块：并列句 并列句由两个或多个独立简单句构成，分句之间地位平等、无主次之分，依靠并列连词衔接，核心分为四大逻辑关系，是初高中语法基础核心考点。 1. 顺承递进关系 高频连词 考点解析 and、both...and...、not only...but also... and 表动作顺承、语义并列；both...and... 连接主语时谓语动词用复数；not only...but also... 严格遵循就近主谓一致，高中常考查句首倒装句式，是单选、语法填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 He reads books every day and he gains much knowledge. 他每天读书，收获颇丰。 Not only does she study well but also she helps others. 她不仅学习优异，还乐于助人。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适连词或正确形式 1. Both my mother and I _______ (like) doing sports in our free time. 2. Not only Tom but also his classmates _______ (be) ready for the coming exam. 3. Keep working hard, _______ you will make steady progress. 参考答案：1.like 2.are 3.and 2. 转折对比关系 高频连词 考点解析 but、yet、while but 表直白转折，yet 带有意外、惋惜语气，while 侧重前后鲜明对比；核心必考禁忌：although/though 引导让步状语，绝不与 but/yet 连用，是短文改错高频陷阱。 【经典例句】 The task is hard yet we never give up. 任务艰难，但我们永不放弃。 He is young, but he has rich learning experience. 他年纪不大，却有着丰富的学习经验。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适转折连词 1. She is very tired, _______ she still finishes her homework on time. 2. The plan is simple, _______ few people can stick to it. 3. Some people love quiet life, _______ others prefer busy days. 参考答案：1.but/yet 2.yet 3.while 3. 因果关系 高频连词 考点解析 so、for so 表直接结果，衔接前文原因，语义最强；for 表间接、补充说明的原因，不可置于句首；核心必考禁忌：because 表原因，与 so 严禁同时使用。 【经典例句】 It snowed heavily, so we canceled the outdoor activity. 大雪纷飞，我们取消了户外活动。 He must be ill, for he didn’t come to school today. 他一定生病了，因为他今天没来上学。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适因果连词 1. It rained heavily yesterday, _______ we had to stay indoors. 2. He stayed up late last night, _______ he feels sleepy now. 3. She must be happy, _______ she is smiling all the time. 参考答案：1.so 2.so 3.for 4. 选择关系 高频连词 考点解析 or、either...or...、neither...nor... or 表选择或“否则”的反向结果；either...or...（要么……要么……）、neither...nor...（既不……也不……）连接主语时，严格遵循就近主谓一致，是初高中核心高频考点。 【经典例句】 Get ready early, or you will miss the early bus. 早点准备，否则你会错过早班车。 Either you keep working hard or you fall behind others. 要么坚持努力，要么落后于人。 【小试牛刀】 根据句意填入合适连词或正确形式 1. Hurry up, _______ we will be late for the morning class. 2. Either my sister or I _______ (be) going to clean the room. 3. Neither he nor his friends _______ (like) staying up late. 参考答案：1.or 2.am 3.like 第二大板块：复合句 复合句由一个主句+一个或多个从句构成，分句有主次之分，从句依附主句充当句子成分。本板块包含三大核心子类：状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句，全覆盖初高中核心考点。 1. 状语从句（五大核心分类） 从句在主句中作状语，修饰主句动作的时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等，核心通用规则为主将从现，是初高中通用高频考点。 1.1 时间状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 when、while、until、since、before、after 初中掌握基础时态搭配与句式辨析；高中重点辨析when与while用法差异、since引导从句的时态固定搭配、not...until倒装特殊句式，是语法填空与改错高频考点。 【经典例句】 I have kept learning English since I entered junior high school. 我从初中开始一直学英语。 While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework. 妈妈做饭时，我正在写作业。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的时间状语从句连词 1. I will wait here _______ you come back safely. 2. He has learned English _______ he was six years old. 3. _______ I finished my homework, I went out for a walk. 参考答案：1.until 2.since 3.After 1.2 条件状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 if、unless、as long as 全程严格遵循主将从现核心规则；if表正面条件，unless表反向“除非、如果不”，as long as表“只要”；高中重点攻克unless反向逻辑辨析、写作句式升格，是写作高频提分句型。 【经典例句】 You will make progress as long as you stick to daily practice. 只要坚持日常练习，你就会取得进步。 Unless you challenge yourself, you will never grow. 除非挑战自己，否则永远不会成长。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的条件状语从句连词 1. _______ you keep practicing, your English will improve day by day. 2. You will fail _______ you work hard from now on. 3. _______ it is sunny tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. 参考答案：1.As long as 2.unless 3.If 1.3 让步状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 although、though、even if 表转折让步逻辑，初高中核心必考禁忌：although/though 严禁与 but/yet 连用；高中拓展考查从句省略结构、复杂语境辨析，是短文改错最高频陷阱之一。 【经典例句】 Although the exam is difficult, we will try our best. 尽管考试很难，我们仍会全力以赴。 Though he is tired, he still finishes his work on time. 虽然他很累，但他依旧按时完成工作。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的让步状语从句连词 1. _______ he has achieved great success, he still keeps learning. 2. _______ it rained heavily, we still went to school. 参考答案：1.Although/Though 2.Although/Though 1.4 原因状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 because、since、as 三者语气依次减弱：because表直接核心原因，since表已知原因，as表显而易见的原因；必考禁忌：原因连词与 so 严禁连用；高中侧重不同连词的语境精准辨析。 【经典例句】 I stayed at home because it rained heavily yesterday. 昨天大雨滂沱，我待在了家里。 Since you have made a decision, just stick to it. 既然你已做出决定，就坚持到底。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的原因状语从句连词 1. I didn’t go to the party _______ I was ill. 2. _______ everyone is here, let’s start our lesson. 参考答案：1.because 2.Since 1.5 目的/结果状语从句 核心连词 考点解析 so that、so...that...、such...that... so that 表动作目的，后接完整从句；so...that.../such...that... 表动作带来的结果，是初高中写作高频升格句式；高中重点辨析目的与结果句式差异，熟练用于长难句写作。 【经典例句】 He studies hard so that he can realize his dream. 他努力学习，只为实现自己的梦想。 The book is so interesting that I read it twice. 这本书十分有趣，我读了两遍。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的目的/结果状语从句连词 1. She gets up early every day _______ she can have enough study time. 2. The movie is _______ moving _______ many people cry.（so...that...） 参考答案：1.so that 2.so; that 2. 定语从句 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词（先行词），分为限制性与非限制性定语从句，核心考点为关系代词、关系副词的选用，是初高中复合句重中之重。 2.1 关系代词型定语从句 核心关系词 考点解析 who、whom、which、that、whose who指代人（作主语/宾语）；whom指代人（仅作宾语）；which指代物；that可指代人/物，最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰先行词只能用that；whose表所属关系，可指人或物，是语法填空高频考点。 【经典例句】 The girl who is reading under the tree is my sister. 在树下看书的那个女孩是我的妹妹。 This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose） 1. The man _______ we met just now is our new teacher. 2. This is the best movie _______ I have ever watched. 3. The boy _______ bike was broken is very sad. 参考答案：1.who/whom 2.that 3.whose 2.2 关系副词型定语从句 核心关系词 考点解析 where、when、why where表地点、when表时间、why表原因，在从句中作状语；解题核心技巧：先行词在从句中作状语用关系副词，作主/宾用关系代词，是长难句辨析核心考点。 【经典例句】 This is the park where we played together. 这是我们一起玩耍过的公园。 I still remember the day when I joined the club. 我依然记得我加入社团的那天。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的关系副词（where/when/why） 1. I don’t know the reason _______ he was late. 2. This is the classroom _______ we study every day. 3. I miss the days _______ we stayed together. 参考答案：1.why 2.where 3.when 3. 名词性从句（四大分类） 名词性从句相当于名词，在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，通用核心规则：从句一律使用陈述语序。 3.1 宾语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、if/whether、特殊疑问词 that引导陈述句宾语从句，无词义可省略；if/whether表“是否”，与or not连用时只能用whether；what/who/where等疑问词引导特殊句式，全程坚守陈述语序，是考试最高频名词性从句考点。 【经典例句】 I think that he is a hard-working student. 我认为他是一名勤奋的学生。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他是否会来。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的宾语从句引导词 1. I believe _______ you can finish the task well. 2. He doesn’t know _______ his father will come back or not. 3. Can you tell me _______ you are late again? 参考答案：1.that 2.whether 3.why 3.2 主语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、whether、what that引导主语从句不可省略；whether表“是否”，不可用if替换；常用it作形式主语替代后置主语从句，高中重点考查主谓一致与句式辨析，多用于书面写作。 【经典例句】 That he passed the exam makes us happy. 他通过了考试，这让我们很开心。 It is clear that he is right. 很明显，他是对的。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的主语从句引导词 1. _______ he will attend the meeting is not sure. 2. _______ makes me happy is my parents’ support. 参考答案：1.Whether 2.What 3.3 表语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、whether、why/because 位于系动词后作表语，that无词义不省略；whether表是否；because表原因、why表结果，固定搭配：That’s why...（这就是……的原因），是写作高频句式。 【经典例句】 The fact is that he didn’t lie. 事实是他没有撒谎。 That’s why I was late. 这就是我迟到的原因。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的表语从句引导词 1. The problem is _______ we can finish it on time. 2. That is _______ he refused the invitation. 参考答案：1.whether 2.why 3.4 同位语从句 核心引导词 考点解析 that、whether 用于解释说明抽象名词（fact、news、idea、hope等），that仅起连接作用、不充当成分；重点区分定语从句与同位语从句，是高中难点改错考点。 【经典例句】 The news that our team won the game is exciting. 我们队获胜的消息令人振奋。 I have no idea whether he will agree. 我不知道他是否会同意。 【小试牛刀】 填入合适的同位语从句引导词 1. The fact _______ he is honest is known to all. 2. There is no doubt _______ he will succeed. 参考答案：1.that 2.that 第三板块：句式核心易错点汇总 高频易错点 规则详解 正误对比 双重连词连用错误 because与so、although/though与but/yet 严禁同时使用，为初高中最高频改错考点 误：Although he tried, but he failed. 正：Although he tried, he failed. 就近一致误用 not only...but also...、either...or...、neither...nor...连接主语，谓语就近一致 正：Not only I but also he is good at English. 我和他都擅长英语。 从句语序错误 所有名词性从句、定语从句必须使用陈述语序，禁止疑问语序 误：I wonder where is he. 正：I wonder where he is. 主将从现误用 时间、条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句统一用一般现在时 正：If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天晴天，我们就去徒步。 【小试牛刀】 下列每句均有一处语法错误，请找出并改正（聚焦本章句式高频易错点） 1. Although he worked hard, but he didn’t pass the exam. 2. Because it rained heavily, so we stayed at home. 3. Not only I but also my brother like playing basketball. 4. I wonder where is he going for his holiday. 5. If he will have time tomorrow, he will help us. 6. Neither my parents nor I is interested in painting. 7. This is the best movie what I have ever seen. 8. He studies so hard that he can get good grades every day. 9. Though it was cold, but we still went running outside. 10. I believe that if you insist, so you will succeed. 参考答案&改错解析： 1. 去掉 but（although 与 but 禁止连用） 2. 去掉 so（because 与 so 禁止连用） 3. like → likes（就近一致，主语为 my brother） 4. is he → he is（从句必须用陈述语序） 5. will have → has（条件状语从句主将从现） 6. is → am（就近一致，主语为 I） 7. what → that（最高级修饰先行词只用 that） 8. 无误 9. 去掉 but（though 与 but 禁止连用） 10. 去掉 so（that 宾语从句内无需多余连词 so） 第四板块：五大句式专项综合训练 一、句子填空 根据语境填入合适连词，每空一词 1. He is tired, _______ he still keeps working. 2. _______ you try your best, you will get a good result. 3. Not only Lucy but also Lily _______ (like) reading novels. 4. The story is so moving _______ many readers are touched. 5. I will wait _______ you finish your work. 6. _______ you do not give up, your dream will come true. 7. He was _______ nervous _______ he couldn’t say a word. 8. This is the best gift _______ I have ever received. 9. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the early bus. 10. _______ it is difficult, we will never give up. 参考答案：1.but 2.If/As long as 3.likes 4.that 5.until 6.If 7.so; that 8.that 9.or 10.Although/Though 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案 1. He studied very hard, _______ he failed the final exam. A. and B. so C. but D. or 2. _______ you stick to your dream, you will never regret. A. As long as B. While C. Although D. Until 3. Not only my sister but also I _______ fond of classical music. A. is B. am C. are D. be 4. This is the park _______ we played together in our childhood. A. where B. which C. that D. when 5. _______ it was late at night, they continued their study. A. If B. Although C. Because D. So 6. Get up early, _______ you can have enough time to prepare for school. A. but B. so C. or D. and 7. She studies diligently _______ she can enter her dream university. A. because B. so that C. such that D. though 8. I don’t know _______ he will come to the party or not. A. what B. if C. whether D. that 9. The movie is _______ touching _______ I want to watch it again. A. such; that B. so; that C. too; to D. enough; to 10. _______ everyone is present, let’s start our class. A. Since B. Though C. Although D. While 11. We must get up early, _______ we’ll miss the first school bus. A. and B. so C. but D. or 12. _______ you have finished your homework, you can’t watch TV. A. Because B. If C. Unless D. So 13. Neither my parents nor I _______ interested in playing computer games. A. is B. are C. be D. am 14. This is the best novel _______ I have ever read in my middle school life. A. that B. what C. which D. where 15. He was late for school _______ he stayed up too late last night. A. although B. but C. because D. so 参考答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C 三、完成句子 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词 1. 只要你坚持努力，你就会成功。 You will succeed _______ _______ you keep working hard. 2. 虽然天气很冷，但他依旧早起锻炼。 _______ the weather is cold, he still gets up early to exercise. 3. 这是我看过最精彩的电影。 This is the most wonderful movie _______ I have ever seen. 4. 他每天早起是为了能够多读一会书。 He gets up early every day _______ _______ he can read more books. 5. 要么你去，要么我去。 _______ you go _______ I go. 6. 既然天气很好，我们可以去户外散步。 _______ the weather is fine, we can take a walk outdoors. 7. 他学习如此刻苦，以至于取得了很大进步。 He studies _______ hard _______ he has made great progress. 8. 我不知道他是否会参加运动会。 I don’t know _______ he will take part in the sports meeting or not. 9. 不仅学生们，老师也喜欢课后阅读。 Not only the students but also the teacher _______ (like) reading after class. 10. 你必须努力，否则就会落后于别人。 You must work hard, _______ you will fall behind others. 参考答案：1.as long as 2.Although/Though 3.that 4.so that 5.Either; or 6.Since 7.so; that 8.whether 9.likes 10.or 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $