Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 高中英语Unit3 Period2语法同步练，分层设计科学，从基础语法到高考应用，构建"单一-综合-迁移"知识巩固路径，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|关系代词用法、基础句型转换|聚焦单一语法点，通过选择填空、合并句子夯实基础，培养语言表达准确性| |B组能力进阶|词汇运用、语法在语境中的应用|从单句填空到语篇语法填空，结合完成句子，提升语言综合运用能力| |C组/拓展|语篇理解、高考题型迁移|通过阅读理解、七选五及高考真题（完形/阅读），强化逻辑分析与应试思维，渗透文化意识|

分层作业 Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 选择合适的关系代词填空 1．Is there anything else (which/that) you require? 2．The first place (which/that) we visited in China was the Great Wall. 3．Do you know the nearest place (which/that/whose) is famous for its beautiful natural scenery in our town? 4．Peter wondered who the lady to (who/whom/whose) his mother was talking was. 5．Her bag, in (that/which/whose) she had put all her money, was stolen. 6．I am very fond of the book the design of (that/which/whose) cover is full of imagination. 7．My parents said that I should try to make friends with those (who/whom/whose) are good at English. 8．Everybody in our class thought highly of the kindness (that/whose) our English teacher showed to the poor man. 9．I don’t like people (who/whom) get angry easily. 10．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to (that/whom) she could turn for help. 二、用定语从句合并成一个句子 1．Do you still remember the chicken farm? We visited the chicken farm three months ago. →________________________________________________________________________ 2．In today’s class, our teacher will ask us to talk about the things and people. We think the things and people are the most important in our life. →________________________________________________________________________ 3．The man was careless in his work. The man was fired by his company. →________________________________________________________________________ 4．The café was painted green. The café was popular among young people. →________________________________________________________________________ 5．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school. I met these students in the English speech contest last year. →________________________________________________________________________ 6．The house belongs to Mr. Smith. The window of the house is broken. →________________________________________________________________________ 7．The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. →________________________________________________________________________ 8．The woman is my mother. You are looking after her. →________________________________________________________________________ 9．The city is near the sea. The city is very beautiful. →________________________________________________________________________ 10．He thinks but doesn’t learn. He is in great danger. →________________________________________________________________________ 三、单句语法填空 1．“Many visitors said they came to Zibo specifically to witness the unique charm of its glass art person.” 2．Sometimes, we may feel lonely and have no one (count) on. 3．Although they could never have met, there are common (theme) in their works, … 4．Acts of （generous）, no matter how small, can significantly enhance the warmth and depth of a friendship. 5．I was （ignorance）of her feelings, which caused a misunderstanding between us. 6．A sincere （apologize）can mend even the most damaged relationships. 7．In the heat of an argument, it's important to reserve （judge）and listen to the other person's point of view. 8．Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away the meaning of friendship. 9．The plan is designed to motivate employees to work (efficient). 10．Walking in the nature reserve, you’ll find yourself (attract) by the amazing scenery. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．然而如今，使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的意义。 Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected _________________the meaning of friendship. 2．既然你对这个节日充满热情，为什么不来亲身体验一下庆祝活动呢? (why not 句式) Since you have a passion for the festival, _________________？ 3．那些自信和乐观的人更有可能实现他们的目标。 Those _________________ are more likely to achieve their goals. 4．我保证如果你能亲自来音乐会，你会有一段令你印象深刻的经历的。 I’m sure you will _________________ if you can come _________________. 5．他是一个值得信赖的人，一个可以陪你同甘共苦的人。 He is a reliable person, who can accompany you  _________________. 6．任何对英语感兴趣的学生都欢迎加入英语俱乐部。 Any student _________________.is welcome to English Club. 7．在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。 At school, _______________, yet they can be good friends with one another. 8．当我到达纽约时，我必须去一所学生第一语言不是英语的学校学习。 When I got to New York, I had to attend a school for students __________________. 9．4月10日至6月30日将举办以“丝绸之路之旅”为主题的艺术展览。 An art exhibition ________________ is scheduled from April 10 to June 30. 10．我们将学习一些写于唐朝的中国诗歌。 We are going to learn some Chinese poems _________________ in the Tang Dynasty. 五、语法填空 Mike 1 studied at our school from 2001 to 2003 is British. Mike was one of the most helpful students 2 I’d ever seen. In 2004, he went to a university 3 was famous in the country and he became interested in Chinese culture 4 influenced him greatly. After graduation from university, he studied at Beijing Language and Culture University 5 is an international university in China and 6 main task is to teach students Chinese and Chinese culture. At the beginning, he was not good at speaking Chinese. Two years later, however, he was able 7 (speak) fluent Chinese. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China 8 he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest 9 teaching English to Chinese students. Most of the students 10 he taught have become his friends. 六、阅读理解 We all want to be successful in our work. But what happens if our success comes at the risk of losing important friendships? If your friends didn’t receive what they were hoping for, your success could make them feel uncomfortable. But does that mean we shouldn’t enjoy our achievements in case we displease someone or that we should feel sorry for being successful while others aren’t? Those of us who value friendships might feel embarrassed for achieving more than our friends. But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. Jealousy (嫉妒) is only natural, but it’s often unreasonable, too. Your success is probably not connected with your friends’ progress, so you shouldn’t feel bad about achieving your goals. If your friends stay unfriendly, don’t be afraid to keep yourself away from them. You are not responsible for their weaknesses. Meanwhile, your friends may think highly of your recent success while hiding their real feelings. They could be jealous, angry or sad that they are not progressing at the same rate. So, be careful not to talk big. It’s a thin line between pride and overconfidence, and by crossing the line, you may risk losing team support. Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win, or high-class new office, consider your listeners. Maybe your friends narrowly missed out on a promotion, or experienced pay cuts, which meant they didn’t get what they were expecting. If your work is on a rising path, it doesn’t mean that’s the case for everyone. Perhaps a step forward in your work means that you don’t spend as much time with your friends as you used to. If you’ve changed a job or moved to a new office, take the time to stay in touch with old friends. Don’t let that hard work go to waste by losing touch with them. 1．Why does the author start the passage with two questions? A．To show his writing purpose. B．To explain how to make friends. C．To raise the topic of the passage. D．To tell us the problem between friends. 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．We could enjoy our success. B．Friends will surely help us make progress. C．Our success will certainly hurt our friends. D．Our success is linked to our friends’ progress. 3．Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A．If our friends support our success, we should consider their feelings. B．We should feel sorry for being successful while our friends aren’t. C．When we achieve great success, we can help our friends make progress. D．When we achieve great success, we should make our friends proud of us. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．How to avoid hurting a friend. B．How to enjoy success to the fullest. C．How to share our success with friends. D．How to keep relationships between friends. 七、七选五 Nothing beats a friendship that has survived many years. 1 Many have seen some challenges yet overcome (克服) them. Many more others have lost their friendships due to bad habits. That’s because when you keep repeating these bad habits, some friends get fed up and move away. 2 They may just be marking time until they find new friends. We can build rock-solid (坚若磐石) friendships when we develop good friendship habits and say “no” to the unhelpful ones. Here are some of them. 1. Comparing your friends with others When you do that, it means you don’t appreciate (欣赏) your friends for who they are and the effort they’re putting in. 3 Maybe you’ve lost sight of the fact that everyone has a different way of life. Instead of making comparisons, respect your friends for the unique journey they’re on. 2. Reminding your friends of their past mistakes It’s bad enough for someone to think deeply about their own past misjudgments. 4 For a friend to do it — to remind them of their mistakes. Constant (不断的) reminders of what they’ve done wrong can take people down a dark path. Don’t be the one to do that. You may lose a friend forever. 3. Disrespecting their differences We’re all different, and we should show respect for those differences. 5 Or, when we’re unable to respect those differences, we should apologize to our friends giving reasons why we can’t agree with them. That builds respect. A．But you know what’s more wrong? B．What do those regrets lead to eventually? C．But it can be hard to keep long-term friendships. D．Nobody is perfect, and everyone makes mistakes. E．Others may hang around, but with one foot out the door. F．We have to make room for these differences among our friends. G．It means you may not fully recognize the different ways each person lives. 八、阅读理解 （2026·全国一卷）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 1．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 2．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 3．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 4．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. 九、完形填空 （2025·全国二卷）Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 1 seven years ago after having a 2 call. She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 3 led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 4 . Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle, before discovering a 6 for weightlifting. Since setting out on the journey, the 7 lover has not only managed to 8 an impressive set of muscles but also a huge following on social media. The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects. “Hold on: Consider failure as a 10 to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “ 11 others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 12 .” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise... the 13 is to feel good, not look good.” Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 14 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 15 for many social media users. 1．A．write B．travel C．exercise D．recover 2．A．goodwill B．timeout C．long-distance D．wake-up 3．A．normally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．automatically 4．A．change B．fortune C．wish D．deal 5．A．risky B．traditional C．comfortable D．healthy 6．A．demand B．secret C．passion D．cure 7．A．peace B．fitness C．fun D．nature 8．A．grow B．control C．activate D．relax 9．A．need B．choice C．reason D．difference 10．A．green light B．road block C．passing mark D．stepping stone 11．A．Help B．Consult C．Follow D．Forgive 12．A．accepted B．shared C．expected D．celebrated 13．A．goal B．case C．duty D．cost 14．A．instructors B．admirers C．beginners D．doubters 15．A．authority B．excuse C．inspiration D．option 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage 一、选择合适的关系代词填空 1．that 2．that 3．that 4．whom 5．which 6．whose 7．who 8．that 9．who 10．whom 二、用定语从句合并成一个句子 1. Do you still remember the chicken farm which/that we visited three months ago? 2. In today’s class, our teacher will ask us to talk about the things and people that we think are the most important in our life. 3. The man who was careless in his work was fired by his company. 4. The café which was painted green was popular among young people./The café that was painted green was popular among young people. 5. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who   I met in the English speech contest last year./I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 6. The house whose window is broken belongs to Mr. Smith. 7. The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 8. The woman (that/who/whom) you are looking after is my mother. 9. The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful. 10. He who thinks but doesn’t learn/that thinks but doesn’t learn is in great danger. 三、单句语法填空 1. in 2. to count 3. themes 4. generosity 5. ignorant 6. apology 7. judgement 8. at 9. efficiently 10. attracted 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. are eating away at 2. why not come and experience the celebrations in person 3. who are confident and optimistic 4. have an impressive experience in person 5. through thick and thin 6. that/who is interested in English 7. some students are active while some are shy 8. whose first language was not English 9. themed with the theme of Travel along the Silk Road 10. that/which were written 五、语法填空 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了麦克在中国上学、工作的经历。麦克对中国文化感兴趣并成为了一名教师。 1．that/who 考查定语从句。句意：自2001年至2003年，麦克在我们学校上学，他是英国人。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作主语表示人，应使用指人的关系代词that/who引导定语从句。 2．that 考查定语从句。句意：麦克是我见过的最乐于助人的学生之一。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示人，因先行词被the most修饰，只能使用that引导定语从句。 3．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：2004年，他去了一所在国内很有名的大学，对中国文化产生了兴趣，这对他产生了很大的影响。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 4．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 5．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业后，他就读于北京语言大学，这是一所中国的国际大学，其主要任务是向学生教授汉语和中国文化。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 6．whose 考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作定语，应使用whose引导定语从句。 7．to speak 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，两年以后，他已经能够流利地说汉语了。分析句子结构，be able to do为固定句型，含义为：能够……，与句子表达的含义一致。 8．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：他最喜欢的中国城市有北京、上海、哈尔滨和南京。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作宾语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 9．in考查介词。句意：在中国，他对向中国学生教授英语产生了兴趣。分析句子结构，be interested in为固定句型，含义为：对……感兴趣，与句子表达的含义一致。 10．whom/that 考查定语从句。句意：他教过的大部分学生都成了他的朋友。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作宾语表示人，应使用指人的关系代词引导定语从句。 六、阅读理解 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在获得成功时如何与朋友分享才有利于维持友谊。 1．C推理判断题。根据第一段中的两个问题“But what happens if our success comes at the risk of losing important friendships?(但如果我们的成功是以失去重要友谊为代价的呢？) ”和“But does that mean we shouldn’t enjoy our achievements in case we displease someone or that we should feel sorry for being successful while others aren’t?(但这是否意味着我们不应该享受我们的成就，以防我们让别人不高兴，或者我们应该为自己的成功而感到遗憾？)”及第二段前两句“Those of us who value friendships might feel embarrassed for achieving more than our friends. But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. (我们这些珍视友谊的人可能会因为比朋友取得的成就多而感到尴尬。但成功是我们应得的，没有什么能夺走它)”可推知，作者用两个问题开始一篇文章是为了引入主题。 2．A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. (但成功是我们应得的，没有什么能夺走它)”可知，我们可以享受我们的成功。 3．A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“So, be careful not to talk big. It’s a thin line between pride and overconfidence, and by crossing the line, you may risk losing team support.(所以，注意不要夸夸其谈。骄傲和过度自信之间只有一线之隔，越了这条线，你可能会失去团队支持)”及第四段第一句“Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win, or high-class new office, consider your listeners.(下次当你想炫耀你的年终胜利，或者高档的新办公室时，考虑一下你的听众)”可知，作者可能会同意如果我们的朋友支持我们的成功，我们应该考虑他们的感受。 4．C主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. (但成功是我们应得的，没有什么能夺走它)”和倒第二句“If your friends stay unfriendly, don’t be afraid to keep yourself away from them. (如果你的朋友不友好，不要害怕远离他们)”可知，第二段主要是讲如果朋友对你的成功表示不友好，可以远离朋友；根据第三段最后两句“So, be careful not to talk big. It’s a thin line between pride and overconfidence, and by crossing the line, you may risk losing team support.(所以，注意不要夸夸其谈。骄傲和过度自信之间只有一线之隔，越了这条线，你可能会失去团队支持)”及第四段第一句“Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win, or high-class new office, consider your listeners.(下次当你想炫耀你的年终胜利，或者高档的新办公室时，考虑一下你的听众)”和最后一段最后一句“Don’t let that hard work go to waste by losing touch with them.(不要因为与他们失去联系而让你的努力付之东流)”可知，最后三段主要是讲在获得成功时如何与朋友分享才能保持友谊。由此可知，文章主要是论述了如何与朋友分享自己的成功。 七、七选五 【文章大意】本文主要探讨了维持长期友谊的困难，并列举了几种会损害友谊的不良习惯，如与他人比较、反复提及过去的错误、不尊重彼此的差异等，并给出了相应的建议。 1．C根据上文“Nothing beats a friendship that has survived many years. (没有什么能比得上历经多年风雨的友谊。)”可知，这是在赞美长期友谊的珍贵。再结合下文“Many have seen some challenges yet overcome (克服) them. Many more others have lost their friendships due to bad habits. (许多友谊经历了一些挑战但克服了它们。还有更多的友谊因为坏习惯而失去。)”可知，此处需说明另一部分朋友的状态，C选项“But it can be hard to keep long-term friendships. (但维持长期的友谊可能很难。)”承接上文且与下文为转折关系，符合语境。 2．E根据上文“That’s because when you keep repeating these bad habits, some friends get fed up and move away. (这是因为当你不断重复这些坏习惯时，一些朋友会感到厌烦并离开。)”可知，一些朋友会因坏习惯而直接离开。再结合下文“They may just be marking time until they find new friends. (他们可能只是在消磨时间，直到找到新朋友。)”可知，此处需说明另一部分朋友的状态，E选项“Others may hang around, but with one foot out the door. (其他人可能还会在你身边，但已心存去意。)”通过“Others”引出另一种情况，即“虽然还留在身边，但心已经不在了”，与下文的“marking time until they find new friends”完美衔接，逻辑连贯。 3．G根据上文“When you do that, it means you don’t appreciate (欣赏) your friends for who they are and the effort they’re putting in. (当你那样做时，意味着你不欣赏朋友本身以及他们的付出。)”可知，把朋友与他人比较是不欣赏朋友的表现，再结合下文“Maybe you’ve lost sight of the fact that everyone has a different way of life. (也许你忽视了每个人有不同生活方式这一事实。)”可知，此处需进一步说明把朋友与他人比较的错误之处。G选项“It means you may not fully recognize the different ways each person lives. (这意味着你可能没有充分认识到每个人的生活方式是不同的。) ”承接上文，且与下文“everyone has a different way of life”相呼应，符合语境。 4．A根据上文“It’s bad enough for someone to think deeply about their own past misjudgments. (一个人对自己的过去判断失误耿耿于怀已经很糟糕了。)” 可知，这里在说一个人自己纠结于过去已经够糟了。下文“For a friend to do it — to remind them of their mistakes. (而朋友来做这件事——提醒他们的错误。)”是在说朋友来提醒错误更糟糕。因此，空处需要一个能引出“比上述情况更糟的事是什么”的句子。A选项“But you know what’s more wrong?( 但你知道什么是更糟糕的吗？)”以“But”引出转折，用问句形式引出“朋友提醒错误”这一更糟糕的情况，与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。 5．F根据上文“We’re all different, and we should show respect for those differences. (我们都不一样，我们应该尊重这些差异。)”可知，我们要尊重朋友之间的差异，再结合下文“Or, when we’re unable to respect those differences, we should apologize to our friends giving reasons why we can’t agree with them. (或者，当我们无法尊重这些差异时，我们应该向朋友道歉，并说明我们为什么不能同意他们的观点。)”可知，此处需说明尊重朋友差异的具体做法，F选项“We have to make room for these differences among our friends.( 我们必须在朋友中为这些差异留出空间。)”提出了具体做法——“为差异留出空间”，这与“尊重差异”的主题一致，且是下文“无法尊重时道歉”的正面做法，符合语境。 八、阅读理解 【文章大意】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 1．B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 2．A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 3．D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 4．D推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effectmerely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 九、完形填空 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，消除网络质疑的故事。 1．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. write写作；B. travel旅行；C. exercise锻炼；D. recover康复。根据下文的“Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out...”可知，此处指老奶奶开始锻炼身体。 2．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. goodwill善意、友好；B. timeout超时；C. long-distance长途；D. wake-up唤醒。结合语境，再根据后文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可推知，此处指这是一次“警醒”老奶奶的经历。 3．B考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一直在与饮食失调和健康问题作斗争，最终导致她接受了手术。A. normally通常；B. ultimately最终；C. suddenly突然；D. automatically自动地。根据上文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”以及下文“led her to getting surgery”可推知，此处指健康问题最终导致手术。 4．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那次经历之后，她知道她需要做出改变。A. change改变；B. fortune幸运；C. wish愿望；D. deal交易。根据上文“led her to getting surgery”及后文“turn her life around”可推知，此处指她经历过手术后领悟到了自己需要改变。 5．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. risky有风险的；B. traditional传统的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out”可推知，此处指她选择健康的生活方式。 6．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. demand要求；B. secret秘密；C. passion激情，热情；D. cure疗法、药物。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle”以及下文的“for weightlifting”可推知，此处指她积极锻炼身体，对举重产生了热情，a passion for sth.意为“对某事充满热情”。 7．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. peace和平；B. fitness健身；C. fun乐趣；D. nature自然。根据下文“workout content”可推知，此处指她是健身爱好者。 8．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. grow形成，产生；B. control控制；C. activate激活；D. relax放松。根据下文“an impressive set of muscles”可推知，此处指她练出肌肉，即产生肌肉。 9．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好。A. need需要；B. choice选择；C. reason理由；D. difference差异。根据上文“no”以及下文“others can’t look this good”可推知，此处指她认为自己可以做到，没有理由别人不能做到。 10．D考查名词短语辨析。句意：坚持下去：把失败当作通往成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。A. green light绿灯；B. road block路障；C. passing mark通过标志；D. stepping stone踏脚石。结合语境，再根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good.”和“failure as a”以及下文“to success”可推知，此处指失败是成功的垫脚石。 11．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助他人：在你的旅程中激励他人。A. Help帮助；B. Consult咨询；C. Follow遵循；D. Forgive原谅。根据下文“Lift others up”可推知，此处指她提倡帮助他人。 12．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享成功更甜蜜。A. accepted接受；B. shared共享；C. expected期待；D. celebrated庆祝。根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no  ___9___  others can’t look this good.”可知，这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好，由此可知，此处指的是成功在分享时更甜蜜。 13．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：她此前曾解释道：“你无需拥有完美身材才能锻炼……锻炼的目标是让自己感觉良好，而非看起来好看。”A. goal目标；B. case案例；C. duty责任；D. cost成本。根据上文“you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise”以及下文“is to feel good, not look good.”可推知，此处指运动的目标是感觉良好。 14．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. instructors讲师；B. admirers爱慕者；C. beginners初学者；D. doubters持怀疑态度的人。根据上文“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the”以及下文“wrong in the best possible way”可推知，此处指Donohue女士用自己的方式证明怀疑者错了。 15．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. authority权威；B. excuse借口；C. inspiration灵感；D. option选项。根据语境以及下文“for many social media users”可知，一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，这对其他人来说就是励志的典范，由此可知，此处指她成为许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。 2 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 选择合适的关系代词填空 1．Is there anything else (which/that) you require? 2．The first place (which/that) we visited in China was the Great Wall. 3．Do you know the nearest place (which/that/whose) is famous for its beautiful natural scenery in our town? 4．Peter wondered who the lady to (who/whom/whose) his mother was talking was. 5．Her bag, in (that/which/whose) she had put all her money, was stolen. 6．I am very fond of the book the design of (that/which/whose) cover is full of imagination. 7．My parents said that I should try to make friends with those (who/whom/whose) are good at English. 8．Everybody in our class thought highly of the kindness (that/whose) our English teacher showed to the poor man. 9．I don’t like people (who/whom) get angry easily. 10．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to (that/whom) she could turn for help. 【答案】 1．that 2．that 3．that 4．whom 5．which 6．whose 7．who 8．that 9．who 10．whom 二、用定语从句合并成一个句子 1．Do you still remember the chicken farm? We visited the chicken farm three months ago. →________________________________________________________________________ 2．In today’s class, our teacher will ask us to talk about the things and people. We think the things and people are the most important in our life. →________________________________________________________________________ 3．The man was careless in his work. The man was fired by his company. →________________________________________________________________________ 4．The café was painted green. The café was popular among young people. →________________________________________________________________________ 5．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school. I met these students in the English speech contest last year. →________________________________________________________________________ 6．The house belongs to Mr. Smith. The window of the house is broken. →________________________________________________________________________ 7．The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. →________________________________________________________________________ 8．The woman is my mother. You are looking after her. →________________________________________________________________________ 9．The city is near the sea. The city is very beautiful. →________________________________________________________________________ 10．He thinks but doesn’t learn. He is in great danger. →________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Do you still remember the chicken farm which/that we visited three months ago? 2. In today’s class, our teacher will ask us to talk about the things and people that we think are the most important in our life. 3. The man who was careless in his work was fired by his company. 4. The café which was painted green was popular among young people./The café that was painted green was popular among young people. 5. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who   I met in the English speech contest last year./I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 6. The house whose window is broken belongs to Mr. Smith. 7. The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 8. The woman (that/who/whom) you are looking after is my mother. 9. The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful. 10. He who thinks but doesn’t learn/that thinks but doesn’t learn is in great danger. 三、单句语法填空 1．“Many visitors said they came to Zibo specifically to witness the unique charm of its glass art person.” 2．Sometimes, we may feel lonely and have no one (count) on. 3．Although they could never have met, there are common (theme) in their works, … 4．Acts of （generous）, no matter how small, can significantly enhance the warmth and depth of a friendship. 5．I was （ignorance）of her feelings, which caused a misunderstanding between us. 6．A sincere （apologize）can mend even the most damaged relationships. 7．In the heat of an argument, it's important to reserve （judge）and listen to the other person's point of view. 8．Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away the meaning of friendship. 9．The plan is designed to motivate employees to work (efficient). 10．Walking in the nature reserve, you’ll find yourself (attract) by the amazing scenery. 【答案】 1. in 2. to count 3. themes 4. generosity 5. ignorant 6. apology 7. judgement 8. at 9. efficiently 10. attracted 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．然而如今，使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的意义。 Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected _________________the meaning of friendship. 2．既然你对这个节日充满热情，为什么不来亲身体验一下庆祝活动呢? (why not 句式) Since you have a passion for the festival, _________________？ 3．那些自信和乐观的人更有可能实现他们的目标。 Those _________________ are more likely to achieve their goals. 4．我保证如果你能亲自来音乐会，你会有一段令你印象深刻的经历的。 I’m sure you will _________________ if you can come _________________. 5．他是一个值得信赖的人，一个可以陪你同甘共苦的人。 He is a reliable person, who can accompany you  _________________. 6．任何对英语感兴趣的学生都欢迎加入英语俱乐部。 Any student _________________.is welcome to English Club. 7．在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。 At school, _______________, yet they can be good friends with one another. 8．当我到达纽约时，我必须去一所学生第一语言不是英语的学校学习。 When I got to New York, I had to attend a school for students __________________. 9．4月10日至6月30日将举办以“丝绸之路之旅”为主题的艺术展览。 An art exhibition ________________ is scheduled from April 10 to June 30. 10．我们将学习一些写于唐朝的中国诗歌。 We are going to learn some Chinese poems _________________ in the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】 1. are eating away at 2. why not come and experience the celebrations in person 3. who are confident and optimistic 4. have an impressive experience in person 5. through thick and thin 6. that/who is interested in English 7. some students are active while some are shy 8. whose first language was not English 9. themed with the theme of Travel along the Silk Road 10. that/which were written 五、语法填空 Mike 1 studied at our school from 2001 to 2003 is British. Mike was one of the most helpful students 2 I’d ever seen. In 2004, he went to a university 3 was famous in the country and he became interested in Chinese culture 4 influenced him greatly. After graduation from university, he studied at Beijing Language and Culture University 5 is an international university in China and 6 main task is to teach students Chinese and Chinese culture. At the beginning, he was not good at speaking Chinese. Two years later, however, he was able 7 (speak) fluent Chinese. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China 8 he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest 9 teaching English to Chinese students. Most of the students 10 he taught have become his friends. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了麦克在中国上学、工作的经历。麦克对中国文化感兴趣并成为了一名教师。 1．that/who 考查定语从句。句意：自2001年至2003年，麦克在我们学校上学，他是英国人。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作主语表示人，应使用指人的关系代词that/who引导定语从句。 2．that 考查定语从句。句意：麦克是我见过的最乐于助人的学生之一。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示人，因先行词被the most修饰，只能使用that引导定语从句。 3．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：2004年，他去了一所在国内很有名的大学，对中国文化产生了兴趣，这对他产生了很大的影响。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 4．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 5．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业后，他就读于北京语言大学，这是一所中国的国际大学，其主要任务是向学生教授汉语和中国文化。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 6．whose 考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作定语，应使用whose引导定语从句。 7．to speak 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，两年以后，他已经能够流利地说汉语了。分析句子结构，be able to do为固定句型，含义为：能够……，与句子表达的含义一致。 8．that/which 考查定语从句。句意：他最喜欢的中国城市有北京、上海、哈尔滨和南京。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作宾语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句。 9．in考查介词。句意：在中国，他对向中国学生教授英语产生了兴趣。分析句子结构，be interested in为固定句型，含义为：对……感兴趣，与句子表达的含义一致。 10．whom/that 考查定语从句。句意：他教过的大部分学生都成了他的朋友。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作宾语表示人，应使用指人的关系代词引导定语从句。 六、阅读理解 We all want to be successful in our work. But what happens if our success comes at the risk of losing important friendships? If your friends didn’t receive what they were hoping for, your success could make them feel uncomfortable. But does that mean we shouldn’t enjoy our achievements in case we displease someone or that we should feel sorry for being successful while others aren’t? Those of us who value friendships might feel embarrassed for achieving more than our friends. But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. Jealousy (嫉妒) is only natural, but it’s often unreasonable, too. Your success is probably not connected with your friends’ progress, so you shouldn’t feel bad about achieving your goals. If your friends stay unfriendly, don’t be afraid to keep yourself away from them. You are not responsible for their weaknesses. Meanwhile, your friends may think highly of your recent success while hiding their real feelings. They could be jealous, angry or sad that they are not progressing at the same rate. So, be careful not to talk big. It’s a thin line between pride and overconfidence, and by crossing the line, you may risk losing team support. Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win, or high-class new office, consider your listeners. Maybe your friends narrowly missed out on a promotion, or experienced pay cuts, which meant they didn’t get what they were expecting. If your work is on a rising path, it doesn’t mean that’s the case for everyone. Perhaps a step forward in your work means that you don’t spend as much time with your friends as you used to. If you’ve changed a job or moved to a new office, take the time to stay in touch with old friends. Don’t let that hard work go to waste by losing touch with them. 1．Why does the author start the passage with two questions? A．To show his writing purpose. B．To explain how to make friends. C．To raise the topic of the passage. D．To tell us the problem between friends. 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．We could enjoy our success. B．Friends will surely help us make progress. C．Our success will certainly hurt our friends. D．Our success is linked to our friends’ progress. 3．Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A．If our friends support our success, we should consider their feelings. B．We should feel sorry for being successful while our friends aren’t. C．When we achieve great success, we can help our friends make progress. D．When we achieve great success, we should make our friends proud of us. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．How to avoid hurting a friend. B．How to enjoy success to the fullest. C．How to share our success with friends. D．How to keep relationships between friends. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在获得成功时如何与朋友分享才有利于维持友谊。 1．C推理判断题。根据第一段中的两个问题“But what happens if our success comes at the risk of losing important friendships?(但如果我们的成功是以失去重要友谊为代价的呢？) ”和“But does that mean we shouldn’t enjoy our achievements in case we displease someone or that we should feel sorry for being successful while others aren’t?(但这是否意味着我们不应该享受我们的成就，以防我们让别人不高兴，或者我们应该为自己的成功而感到遗憾？)”及第二段前两句“Those of us who value friendships might feel embarrassed for achieving more than our friends. But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. (我们这些珍视友谊的人可能会因为比朋友取得的成就多而感到尴尬。但成功是我们应得的，没有什么能夺走它)”可推知，作者用两个问题开始一篇文章是为了引入主题。 2．A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. (但成功是我们应得的，没有什么能夺走它)”可知，我们可以享受我们的成功。 3．A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“So, be careful not to talk big. It’s a thin line between pride and overconfidence, and by crossing the line, you may risk losing team support.(所以，注意不要夸夸其谈。骄傲和过度自信之间只有一线之隔，越了这条线，你可能会失去团队支持)”及第四段第一句“Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win, or high-class new office, consider your listeners.(下次当你想炫耀你的年终胜利，或者高档的新办公室时，考虑一下你的听众)”可知，作者可能会同意如果我们的朋友支持我们的成功，我们应该考虑他们的感受。 4．C主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“But we deserve (应得) our success, and nothing can take it away. (但成功是我们应得的，没有什么能夺走它)”和倒第二句“If your friends stay unfriendly, don’t be afraid to keep yourself away from them. (如果你的朋友不友好，不要害怕远离他们)”可知，第二段主要是讲如果朋友对你的成功表示不友好，可以远离朋友；根据第三段最后两句“So, be careful not to talk big. It’s a thin line between pride and overconfidence, and by crossing the line, you may risk losing team support.(所以，注意不要夸夸其谈。骄傲和过度自信之间只有一线之隔，越了这条线，你可能会失去团队支持)”及第四段第一句“Next time you want to boast about your end-of-year win, or high-class new office, consider your listeners.(下次当你想炫耀你的年终胜利，或者高档的新办公室时，考虑一下你的听众)”和最后一段最后一句“Don’t let that hard work go to waste by losing touch with them.(不要因为与他们失去联系而让你的努力付之东流)”可知，最后三段主要是讲在获得成功时如何与朋友分享才能保持友谊。由此可知，文章主要是论述了如何与朋友分享自己的成功。 七、七选五 Nothing beats a friendship that has survived many years. 1 Many have seen some challenges yet overcome (克服) them. Many more others have lost their friendships due to bad habits. That’s because when you keep repeating these bad habits, some friends get fed up and move away. 2 They may just be marking time until they find new friends. We can build rock-solid (坚若磐石) friendships when we develop good friendship habits and say “no” to the unhelpful ones. Here are some of them. 1. Comparing your friends with others When you do that, it means you don’t appreciate (欣赏) your friends for who they are and the effort they’re putting in. 3 Maybe you’ve lost sight of the fact that everyone has a different way of life. Instead of making comparisons, respect your friends for the unique journey they’re on. 2. Reminding your friends of their past mistakes It’s bad enough for someone to think deeply about their own past misjudgments. 4 For a friend to do it — to remind them of their mistakes. Constant (不断的) reminders of what they’ve done wrong can take people down a dark path. Don’t be the one to do that. You may lose a friend forever. 3. Disrespecting their differences We’re all different, and we should show respect for those differences. 5 Or, when we’re unable to respect those differences, we should apologize to our friends giving reasons why we can’t agree with them. That builds respect. A．But you know what’s more wrong? B．What do those regrets lead to eventually? C．But it can be hard to keep long-term friendships. D．Nobody is perfect, and everyone makes mistakes. E．Others may hang around, but with one foot out the door. F．We have to make room for these differences among our friends. G．It means you may not fully recognize the different ways each person lives. 【文章大意】本文主要探讨了维持长期友谊的困难，并列举了几种会损害友谊的不良习惯，如与他人比较、反复提及过去的错误、不尊重彼此的差异等，并给出了相应的建议。 1．C根据上文“Nothing beats a friendship that has survived many years. (没有什么能比得上历经多年风雨的友谊。)”可知，这是在赞美长期友谊的珍贵。再结合下文“Many have seen some challenges yet overcome (克服) them. Many more others have lost their friendships due to bad habits. (许多友谊经历了一些挑战但克服了它们。还有更多的友谊因为坏习惯而失去。)”可知，此处需说明另一部分朋友的状态，C选项“But it can be hard to keep long-term friendships. (但维持长期的友谊可能很难。)”承接上文且与下文为转折关系，符合语境。 2．E根据上文“That’s because when you keep repeating these bad habits, some friends get fed up and move away. (这是因为当你不断重复这些坏习惯时，一些朋友会感到厌烦并离开。)”可知，一些朋友会因坏习惯而直接离开。再结合下文“They may just be marking time until they find new friends. (他们可能只是在消磨时间，直到找到新朋友。)”可知，此处需说明另一部分朋友的状态，E选项“Others may hang around, but with one foot out the door. (其他人可能还会在你身边，但已心存去意。)”通过“Others”引出另一种情况，即“虽然还留在身边，但心已经不在了”，与下文的“marking time until they find new friends”完美衔接，逻辑连贯。 3．G根据上文“When you do that, it means you don’t appreciate (欣赏) your friends for who they are and the effort they’re putting in. (当你那样做时，意味着你不欣赏朋友本身以及他们的付出。)”可知，把朋友与他人比较是不欣赏朋友的表现，再结合下文“Maybe you’ve lost sight of the fact that everyone has a different way of life. (也许你忽视了每个人有不同生活方式这一事实。)”可知，此处需进一步说明把朋友与他人比较的错误之处。G选项“It means you may not fully recognize the different ways each person lives. (这意味着你可能没有充分认识到每个人的生活方式是不同的。) ”承接上文，且与下文“everyone has a different way of life”相呼应，符合语境。 4．A根据上文“It’s bad enough for someone to think deeply about their own past misjudgments. (一个人对自己的过去判断失误耿耿于怀已经很糟糕了。)” 可知，这里在说一个人自己纠结于过去已经够糟了。下文“For a friend to do it — to remind them of their mistakes. (而朋友来做这件事——提醒他们的错误。)”是在说朋友来提醒错误更糟糕。因此，空处需要一个能引出“比上述情况更糟的事是什么”的句子。A选项“But you know what’s more wrong?( 但你知道什么是更糟糕的吗？)”以“But”引出转折，用问句形式引出“朋友提醒错误”这一更糟糕的情况，与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。 5．F根据上文“We’re all different, and we should show respect for those differences. (我们都不一样，我们应该尊重这些差异。)”可知，我们要尊重朋友之间的差异，再结合下文“Or, when we’re unable to respect those differences, we should apologize to our friends giving reasons why we can’t agree with them. (或者，当我们无法尊重这些差异时，我们应该向朋友道歉，并说明我们为什么不能同意他们的观点。)”可知，此处需说明尊重朋友差异的具体做法，F选项“We have to make room for these differences among our friends.( 我们必须在朋友中为这些差异留出空间。)”提出了具体做法——“为差异留出空间”，这与“尊重差异”的主题一致，且是下文“无法尊重时道歉”的正面做法，符合语境。 八、阅读理解 （2026·全国一卷）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 1．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 2．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 3．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 4．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. 【文章大意】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 1．B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 2．A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 3．D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 4．D推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effectmerely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 九、完形填空 （2025·全国二卷）Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 1 seven years ago after having a 2 call. She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 3 led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 4 . Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle, before discovering a 6 for weightlifting. Since setting out on the journey, the 7 lover has not only managed to 8 an impressive set of muscles but also a huge following on social media. The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects. “Hold on: Consider failure as a 10 to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “ 11 others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 12 .” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise... the 13 is to feel good, not look good.” Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 14 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 15 for many social media users. 1．A．write B．travel C．exercise D．recover 2．A．goodwill B．timeout C．long-distance D．wake-up 3．A．normally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．automatically 4．A．change B．fortune C．wish D．deal 5．A．risky B．traditional C．comfortable D．healthy 6．A．demand B．secret C．passion D．cure 7．A．peace B．fitness C．fun D．nature 8．A．grow B．control C．activate D．relax 9．A．need B．choice C．reason D．difference 10．A．green light B．road block C．passing mark D．stepping stone 11．A．Help B．Consult C．Follow D．Forgive 12．A．accepted B．shared C．expected D．celebrated 13．A．goal B．case C．duty D．cost 14．A．instructors B．admirers C．beginners D．doubters 15．A．authority B．excuse C．inspiration D．option 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，消除网络质疑的故事。 1．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. write写作；B. travel旅行；C. exercise锻炼；D. recover康复。根据下文的“Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out...”可知，此处指老奶奶开始锻炼身体。 2．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. goodwill善意、友好；B. timeout超时；C. long-distance长途；D. wake-up唤醒。结合语境，再根据后文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可推知，此处指这是一次“警醒”老奶奶的经历。 3．B考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一直在与饮食失调和健康问题作斗争，最终导致她接受了手术。A. normally通常；B. ultimately最终；C. suddenly突然；D. automatically自动地。根据上文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”以及下文“led her to getting surgery”可推知，此处指健康问题最终导致手术。 4．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那次经历之后，她知道她需要做出改变。A. change改变；B. fortune幸运；C. wish愿望；D. deal交易。根据上文“led her to getting surgery”及后文“turn her life around”可推知，此处指她经历过手术后领悟到了自己需要改变。 5．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. risky有风险的；B. traditional传统的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out”可推知，此处指她选择健康的生活方式。 6．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. demand要求；B. secret秘密；C. passion激情，热情；D. cure疗法、药物。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle”以及下文的“for weightlifting”可推知，此处指她积极锻炼身体，对举重产生了热情，a passion for sth.意为“对某事充满热情”。 7．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. peace和平；B. fitness健身；C. fun乐趣；D. nature自然。根据下文“workout content”可推知，此处指她是健身爱好者。 8．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. grow形成，产生；B. control控制；C. activate激活；D. relax放松。根据下文“an impressive set of muscles”可推知，此处指她练出肌肉，即产生肌肉。 9．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好。A. need需要；B. choice选择；C. reason理由；D. difference差异。根据上文“no”以及下文“others can’t look this good”可推知，此处指她认为自己可以做到，没有理由别人不能做到。 10．D考查名词短语辨析。句意：坚持下去：把失败当作通往成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。A. green light绿灯；B. road block路障；C. passing mark通过标志；D. stepping stone踏脚石。结合语境，再根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good.”和“failure as a”以及下文“to success”可推知，此处指失败是成功的垫脚石。 11．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助他人：在你的旅程中激励他人。A. Help帮助；B. Consult咨询；C. Follow遵循；D. Forgive原谅。根据下文“Lift others up”可推知，此处指她提倡帮助他人。 12．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享成功更甜蜜。A. accepted接受；B. shared共享；C. expected期待；D. celebrated庆祝。根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no  ___9___  others can’t look this good.”可知，这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好，由此可知，此处指的是成功在分享时更甜蜜。 13．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：她此前曾解释道：“你无需拥有完美身材才能锻炼……锻炼的目标是让自己感觉良好，而非看起来好看。”A. goal目标；B. case案例；C. duty责任；D. cost成本。根据上文“you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise”以及下文“is to feel good, not look good.”可推知，此处指运动的目标是感觉良好。 14．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. instructors讲师；B. admirers爱慕者；C. beginners初学者；D. doubters持怀疑态度的人。根据上文“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the”以及下文“wrong in the best possible way”可推知，此处指Donohue女士用自己的方式证明怀疑者错了。 15．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. authority权威；B. excuse借口；C. inspiration灵感；D. option选项。根据语境以及下文“for many social media users”可知，一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，这对其他人来说就是励志的典范，由此可知，此处指她成为许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $