内容正文:
Unit 1 Know yourself 单元语法重难点、易错点精练
目录
· 语法重难点,易错点梳理
单元核心语法知识梳理:系统梳理单元核心语法知识点,总结归纳语法重难点、易错点,夯实基础,打牢根基,构建完整的语法体系。
· 单元语法综合练
单元核心语法知识综合练:在系统梳理单元核心语法知识点的基础上,通过在句子或语篇中练习语法重难点、易错点,体会语法结构在具体语境中的使用,熟悉语法知识的适用场景,提升对语法知识的理解与运用能力。
单元核心语法知识梳理
一、并列连词的用法
1. 连词的概念:连词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。
2. 并列连词的分类:
功能
例词
并列或递进关系
and, both...and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor... ,as well as
转折关系
but, yet, while
选择关系
either...or..., or , otherwise
因果关系
for, so
3. 常见连词的用法:
(1)and用法
and表示并列关系,意为“和、又”,用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子。连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时,and放在最后一个之前。
例:Tom and Jerry are good friends. 汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。(连接两个单词)
She likes singing and dancing. 她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。(连接两个短语)
I bought apples, bananas, oranges, and grapes. 我买了苹果、香蕉、橙子和葡萄。(连接三个以上,and 放最后)
(2)but的用法
but表示转折关系,意为“但是”,连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
例:He is rich, but he is not happy. 他很富有,但是他并不快乐。(意思相对)
The weather was bad, but we still went out. 天气很糟糕,但是我们还是出去了。(意思相反)
(3)or的用法
or表示选择关系,意为“或者”,可用于肯定句、疑问句中表选择;否定句中常用or替代and 连接并列成分。
例:Would you like tea or coffee? 你想要茶还是咖啡?(疑问句表选择)
You can come by bus or by train. 你可以乘公交车或者火车来。(肯定句表选择)
I don't like apples or bananas. 我不喜欢苹果和香蕉。(否定句中用 or 替代 and)
(4)so的用法
so表示因果关系,意为“所以、因此”,连接两个具有因果关系的简单句。so连接的两个句子,前句是因后句是果。so和because不能同时使用。
例:It was raining heavily, so we stayed at home. 雨下得很大,所以我们待在了家里。(前因后果)
She was ill, so she didn't go to school. 她生病了,所以没去上学。(前因后果)
I was tired, so I went to bed early. 我很累,所以很早就上床睡觉了。(前因后果,不用 because)
(5)both … and …的用法
“both … and …”意为“……和……都”,连接两个并列成分,当连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语要用复数形式。
例:Both Tom and Mary like music. 汤姆和玛丽都喜欢音乐。(连接主语,谓语 like 用复数)
She is both kind and beautiful. 她既善良又漂亮。(连接两个形容词)
Both the teacher and the students are excited. 老师和学生们都很兴奋。(连接主语,谓语 are 用复数)
(6)not only … but (also) …的用法
“not only … but (also) …”意为“不仅……而且……”,表递进关系,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”,谓语单复数取决于靠近谓语的那个成分。
例:She is not only smart but also hard-working.她不仅聪明,而且勤奋。(连接表语)
Not only Tom but also his parents are coming.不仅汤姆,而且他的父母也要来。(就近原则:parents 是复数,用 are)
Not only the students but also the teacher likes this book.不仅学生们,而且老师也喜欢这本书。(就近原则:teacher 是单数,用 likes)
(7)either … or …的用法
“either … or …”意为“要么……要么……”,表选择关系,当连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
例:You can either stay here or go with us. 你要么待在这里,要么跟我们一起走。(连接谓语)
Either you or I am wrong.要么是你错了,要么是我错了。(就近原则:I 搭配 am)
Either the boys or their teacher has the key. 要么是男孩们,要么是他们的老师拿着钥匙。(就近原则:teacher 是单数,用 has)
(8)neither … nor …的用法
“neither … nor …”意为“既不……也不……”,连接两个对等成分,表两者全否,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
例:He likes neither coffee nor tea. 他既不喜欢咖啡,也不喜欢茶。(两者全否)
Neither my father nor my mother is at home. 我父亲和母亲都不在家。(就近原则:mother 是单数,用 is)
Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. 学生们和老师都不知道答案。(就近原则:teacher 是单数,用 knows)
(9)except的用法
except意为“除……之外”,表示不包含在内。(except后面的内容排除在外,不属于前面所说的整体。)
例:Everyone except Tom went to the party. 除了汤姆,大家都去参加派对了。(汤姆没去)
All the students except Mary passed the exam.除了玛丽,所有学生都通过了考试。(玛丽没通过)
I like all fruits except bananas.除了香蕉,我喜欢所有水果。(不喜欢香蕉)
【拓展】except for
“except for + 名词”意为“除了......”,用于对整体肯定,对局部修正。
例:The essay is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 这篇文章很好,除了几处拼写错误。
Your room is tidy except for the books on the floor. 你的房间很整洁,除了地上的书。
Except for the color, I like everything about this car. 除了颜色,我喜欢这辆车的一切。
(10)as well as的用法
“as well as”意为“和……一样;也;连同”,连接主语时,谓语遵循“就前原则”。
例:Tom as well as his parents is coming.汤姆连同他的父母都要来。(就前原则:Tom 是单数,用 is)
She as well as her sisters likes dancing.她和她的姐妹们都喜欢跳舞。(就前原则:She 是单数,用 likes)
The teacher as well as the students was praised.老师连同学生们都受到了表扬。(就前原则:teacher 是单数,用 was)
二、that引导的宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的概念。
在主从复合句中,宾语是由一个完整的句子充当,这个充当宾语成分的句子,就叫做宾语从句。
例:I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(that he is right是一个句子,充当think的宾语)
【注意】能接宾语的有及物动词和介词,在少数形容词后也可以接宾语从句。
例:She always thinks of how she can help those handicapped children to go to school.她总是想如何能帮助残疾儿童上学。
I’m glad (that) you can stay.我很高兴你能留下来。
2. that引导的宾语从句。
在that引导的宾语从句中,that无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何成分,只引出一个陈述事情的完整句子。
例1:I hope (that) you will succeed.我希望你会成功。(该宾语从句“you will succeed”是个陈述事情的完整句子,that的作用只是引导和连接,that不给宾语从句添加任何含义,在从句中不充当成分。)
3. 宾语从句的时态。
时
态
主句为一般现在时态时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定。
I know (that) he is busy. 我知道他很忙。
I know (that) he was sick yesterday.我知道他昨天生病了。
I know (that) he will come tomorrow.我知道他明天会来。
主句为一般过去时态时,从句应用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时)
He said (that) he was tired.他说他很累。
She told me (that) she had finished her homework.她告诉我她已经完成了作业。(过去的过去 → 过去完成时)
They said (that) they would go tomorrow.他们说明天会去。(将来 → 过去将来时)
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。
He told us (that) light travels faster than sound. 他告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
She learned (that) water boils at 100°C. 她学到水在100摄氏度沸腾。
4. that的省略情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,通常可省略,但在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①and连接并列的两个that引导的宾语从句,第一个从句的连词that可省,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。
如:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
5. 宾语从句否定转移。
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose 等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
例句:I don't think (that) he is right. 我认为他不对。
I don't believe (that) he will come. 我相信他不会来。
单元核心语法知识综合练
一、单项选择。
1.You can’t have them both. You can choose ________ the bike ________ the toy car.
A.neither; nor B.both; and C.not only; but also D.either; or
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你不能同时拥有它们两个。你可以要么选择自行车,要么选择玩具汽车。
考查连词辨析。neither…nor…既不……也不……;both…and…两者都……;not only…but also…不仅……而且……;either…or…要么……要么……。根据“You can’t have them both”可知,不能同时拥有两者,因此只能选择一个,而“either...or...”表示“二者选其一”的逻辑关系。故选D。
2.I have only two tickets for Cats. ________ you ________ he can go with me.
A.Either; or B.Neither; nor C.Both; and D.As; as
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我只有两张《猫》的票,要么你,要么他,可以跟我一起去。
考查连词辨析。Either,or要么……要么……;Neither,nor既不……也不……;Both,and两者都;As ,as和…… 一样。根据前句“I have only two tickets for Cats.”可知,说话者只有两张票(包括自己的一张),因此只能带一个人去,即 “要么你去,要么他去”。故选A。
3.She is very famous in both music and movies. She is ________ a singer ________ an actress.
A.both; or B.not only; but also C.either; or D.neither; nor
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她在音乐和电影方面都很出名。她不仅是一名歌手,而且是一名女演员。
both和and搭配,不和or搭配,A项搭配错误;not only…but also…不仅……而且……;either…or…或者……或者……;neither…nor…既不……也不……。根据“She is very famous in both music and movies.”可知,此处not only…but also…符合语境。
4.The environment, including your education, your experiences ________ people around you, can change your personality.
A.as long as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as far as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:环境,包括你的教育、你的经历以及你周围的人,可以改变你的性格。
as long as只要(引导条件状语从句);as well as以及、也、和(用作连词连接并列成分);as soon as一……就……(引导时间状语从句);as far as至于、就……而言(常用于引导限制范围的短语或从句)。根据句中“including your education, your experiences…people around you”可知,此处介词including后面接了并列的词组作其宾语。为连接“your experiences”和“people around you”这两个并列部分,应填表示并列关系的“as well as”,意为“以及”。
5.________ you ________ I are in Class Two.
A.Both; and B.All; and C.Both; with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你和我都在二班。
Both; and……和……都,两者都;All; and搭配错误,all表示“三者或三者以上都”;Both; with搭配错误。根据“you”和“I”表示两个人,考查固定搭配both...and...,意为“……和……都”。应填Both; and。
6.—Do you know ________ You Benchang ________ Li Deren were born in Taizhou?
—Yes. They have made great contributions to Chinese art ________ science and technology.
A.either; or; as good as B.not only; but also; as well as
C.neither; nor; as good as D.both; and; as well as
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你知道游本昌和李德仁都出生在泰州吗?——是的。他们对中国艺术以及科学技术都做出了巨大贡献。
either...or...表示“要么……要么……”(两者之一);not only...but also...表示“不仅……而且……”(强调递进);neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”(两者都否定);both...and...表示“两者都”(并列肯定)。根据问句中“were born”为复数且答句肯定,可知两人都出生在泰州,前两空用both...and。第二空,as good as表示“和……一样好”;as well as表示“以及、也”,用于连接并列成分。此处表示“对中国艺术以及科技”的贡献,应用as well as。
7.To get a bright future, we teenagers should ________ study hard ________ keep in good health.
A.either; or B.neither; nor C.not only; but also D.so; but
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了有一个光明的未来,我们青少年不仅应该努力学习,而且要保持健康。
either...or或者……或者……;neither...nor既不……也不……;not only...but also不但……而且……;so...but所以……但是。根据“To get a bright future”可知,为了拥有光明的未来,努力学习和保持健康两者都需要,not only...but also表示递进关系。
8.—Where are you and your parents?
—My father ________ I are in the room, ________ my mother isn't.
A.but; and B.and; but C.and; and D.but; but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你和你的父母在哪里?——我爸爸和我在房间里,但是我妈妈不在。
and表并列关系,but表转折关系。根据“My father...I are in the room”可知,爸爸和我都在房间里,表并列,第一空用and;根据“...my mother isn’t”可知,妈妈不在,与前文情况相反,表转折,第二空用but。
9.—We’re going to climb Mount Tai this Saturday. Would you like to come along?
—I’m in! That would be pleasant ________ challenging.
A.as long as B.as far as C.as good as D.as well as
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我们这个周六要去爬泰山。你想一起去吗?——算我一个!那将会是愉快又具有挑战性的。
as long as只要;as far as就……而言,远至;as good as与……一样好;as well as也。根据句意,爬山既“愉快”又“具有挑战性”,两者是并列关系,故应用as well as连接。
10.I like Chinese ________ English, ________ I don’t like maths ________ biology.
A.and; or; but B.or; and; and
C.and; but; or D.but; or; and
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我喜欢中文和英语,但我不喜欢数学和生物。
and和(表并列肯定);or或者(表选择,否定句中表并列);but但是(表转折)。第一空为肯定句中并列,应用“and”;第二空前后为转折关系,应用“but”;第三空为否定句中的并列,应用“or”。应填and; but; or。
11.It was raining heavily, ________ we stayed at home all day.
A.because B.so C.but D.or
【答案】B
【详解】句意:雨下得很大,所以我们一整天都待在家里。
because因为;so所以;but但是;or或者。前半句“It was raining heavily”是原因,后半句“we stayed at home all day”是结果,应用so连接。
12.________ I have lots of work to do today, ________ I can’t go to play with you.
A.Because; so B.Because; and C./; so D.So; /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我今天有很多工作要做,所以不能和你出去玩。
Because因为;so所以;and和。because与so不能连用,前半句直接表述原因,后半句用so引出结果,应填/; so。
13.I firmly believe ________ Wu Wei is a born creative artist full of imagination.
A.what B.that C.if D.whether
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我坚信吴伟是一个充满想象力的天生创意艺术家。
what什么;that无实义,只起连接作用;if是否;whether是否。根据“I firmly believe”可知说话者态度坚定,且从句“Wu Wei is a born creative artist full of imagination”是陈述一个事实,结构完整,不缺成分,因此应用that引导宾语从句。
14.Our teacher told us that practice ________ the key to better learning.
A.is B.was C.will be D.has been
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师告诉我们,练习是提升学习效果的关键。
is是,一般现在时;was是,一般过去时;will be将会是,一般将来时;has been已经是,现在完成时。根据“Our teacher told us that practice... the key to better learning.”可知,宾语从句表述客观真理、客观规律,时态不受主句影响,应用一般现在时。应填is。
15.She said she ________ that my parents worked long hours every day.
A.know B.knowing C.knows D.knew
【答案】D
【详解】句意:她说她知道我的父母每天工作很长时间。
空处所在句子为宾语从句,主句谓语是said(say的过去式,主句为一般过去时),根据语法规则,宾语从句内容不是客观真理/永恒事实时,从句时态遵循“主过从必过”的原则,know是动词原形(一般现在时),knowing是非谓语动词,不能作从句谓语,knows是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,knew是know的过去式,符合时态要求。
二、完成句子。
16.他不仅会弹钢琴,而且会拉小提琴。
He can play ________ ________ the piano ________ ________ the violin.
【答案】 not only but also
【详解】原句中“不仅……而且……”是关键词,对应的英语短语是“not only… but also…”,该结构用于连接两个并列成分。
17.速度和力量都不是取胜的唯一关键。
________ speed ________ strength is the only key to winning.
【答案】 Neither nor
【详解】原句中“……和……都不是”是关键词,“neither...nor...”表示“既不……也不……”,用于连接两个并列的成分,这里连接“speed”和“strength”,符合“速度和力量都不是”的语义。
18.这头奶牛是黑白相间的。
The ________ is black ________ white.
【答案】 cow and
【详解】原句中“奶牛”“黑白相间的”是关键词:“奶牛”对应名词cow,根据句中的be动词is可知,主语应为单数形式;“黑白相间的”对应固定搭配black and white,“黑白相间”意指黑色和白色两种颜色共存,表示并列关系,英文中常用and连接两种颜色。
19.在志愿工作中,李华既不迟到,也不敷衍工作。
In volunteer work, Li Hua ________ arrived late ________ did his work carelessly.
【答案】 neither nor
【详解】原句中“既不……也不……”是关键词:“既不……也不……”对应的英文表达是neither…nor…,用于连接两个否定的并列成分,符合句子表达李华在志愿工作中既不迟到也不敷衍的语境。
20.我读书不快,但我能找到很多好书来读。
I ________ read fast, ________ I can find many good books to read.
【答案】 don’t but
【详解】结合汉语提示可知“不能”和“但”是关键词。根据中文“我读书不快,但我能找到很多好书来读”可知,前半句表达否定含义“不”,后半句与前半句是转折关系。一般现在时否定,主语I,用 don’t,前后两句转折关系,“但是”用 but。
21.你喜欢其他节日或假日吗?
Do you like ________ festivals ________ holidays?
【答案】 other or
【详解】原句中“其他”和“或”是关键词。第一空:“其他”对应other,修饰名词festivals。第二空:“或”对应or。在疑问句中表示选择关系(节日还是假日),使用并列连词or连接。
22.他既不担心失败,也不在意他人的夸奖。
He ________ worries about failure ________ cares about others’ praise.
【答案】 neither nor
【详解】原句中“既不……也不……”是关键词,“既不……也不……”对应的英文表达是“neither... nor...”,用于连接两个并列的成分,表示否定两者。
23.我每天都跑步,所以我很强壮。
I run every day, ________ I am very strong.
【答案】so
【详解】原句中“所以”对应的连词是so,用来引出结果,连接前后两个分句,符合句子逻辑及语境。
24.你可以加入校队,或者你可以自己练习。
You can join the school team, ________ you can practice on your own.
【答案】or
【详解】原句中“或者”对应的连词是or,用于连接两个选择分句,符合句子逻辑及语境。
25.我不是海而是湖。而且我也不是死的。
I’m ________ a sea ________ a lake. And I’m not dead.
【答案】 not but
【详解】原句中“不是……而是……”是关键词,“不是”对应的英文表达常用“not”,“而是”对应的英文表达常用“but”。
26.民间音乐和古典音乐都是我们文化的重要组成部分。
________ folk music ________ classical music are important parts of our culture.
【答案】 Both and
【详解】原句中“两者都”,“和”是关键词,句中需要表达“两者都”的含义,来连接“folk music(民间音乐)”和“classical music(古典音乐)”这两个并列成分。“both … and ... ”是固定搭配,意思是“……和……两者都” ,所以①处填Both。 依据“both ... and ... ”的固定搭配,②处应填and,起到连接两个并列对象的作用。
27.无论在赛场上还是在赛场下,我们都是好朋友。
All of us are good friends, ________ on ________ off the field.
【答案】 both and
【详解】原句中“ (在场内场外) 都”是关键词,表示“两者都”的并列结构为“both...and...”,连接并列的介词短语on the field和off the field。
28.健康饮食以及规律的锻炼对保持活力很有好处。
Healthy eating ________ ________ ________ regular exercise is good for staying active.
【答案】 as well as
【详解】原句中“以及”为关键词,表示并列连接,可用as well as连接两个主语。
29.你的故事可以基于新闻报道或真实生活经历。
Your story can _______ be based on a news report or a real-life experience.
【答案】either
【详解】根据中文句意,“基于新闻报道”和“真实生活经历”是两种并列的选择关系,英语中表达“或者”且连接两个并列成分的固定搭配为“either...or...”意为“要么......要么......;或者......或者......”此处需要填入“either”,构成“either...or...”结构,连接“be based on a news report”和“a real-life experience”,表示“要么基于新闻报道,要么基于真实生活经历”。故填either。
30.无论是你还是他,都应该参加这个跑步俱乐部。
________ you ________ he should join this running club.
【答案】 Either or
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺少“无论是……还是……”,用either ... or ...,表示二选一,第一空位于句首,首字母大写。故填Either;or。
31.Both my father and my mother are teachers. (同义句转换)
________ my father ________ my mother ________ a teacher.
【答案】 Not only but also is
【详解】句意: 不仅我的父亲是老师,我的母亲也是老师。原句使用“both A and B”结构表示“A和B两者都”,强调两者。改为同义句时,使用“not only A but also B”结构,表示“不仅A,而且B”,同样表达两者都具备某特征。在“not only...but also...”结构中,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则,即与靠近谓语的主语my mother(第三人称单数)保持一致,故be动词使用is。
32.Not only the Nile but also the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop. (改为意义相近的句子)
________ the Nile ________ the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.
【答案】 Both and
【详解】句意: 尼罗河和黄河都帮助古代文明得以发展。原句使用“not only A but also B”结构表示“不仅A而且B”(强调后者或两者都),改为相近意义时常用“both A and B”结构表示“A和B两者都”。
33.Although it snowed, farmers still worked in the fields.(改为同义句)
It snowed, ________ farmers still worked in the fields.
【答案】but
【详解】句意:尽管下雪了,农民们仍然在田里劳作。“Although(虽然/尽管)”引导让步状语从句,表示转折关系,同义转换时可用连词but连接两个分句表达相同含义,故填but。
34.The hacker was so clever that he tricked many people.(改为同义句)
The hacker was very clever, ________ he tricked many people.
【答案】so
【详解】句意:那个黑客如此聪明,以至于他骗了很多人。原句中的“so…that…”结构表示“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。在进行同义句转换时,该结构可以与“very…, so…”并列句结构进行转换,即用表示结果的并列连词so来连接前后的因果关系。
35.My mother is a teacher. His mother is a teacher, too. (同义句转换)
________ ________ my mother ________ ________ his mother is a teacher.
【答案】 Not only but also
【详解】句意:我的妈妈是老师,他的妈妈也是老师。这里要表示两者具有相同的身份且有四个空,可使用not only... but also...连接两个并列主语。
36.We should study hard and we should also find time to relax.(合并为一句)
We should ________ study hard ________ find time to relax.
【答案】 not only but also
【详解】句意:我们应该努力学习,也应该找时间放松。原句合并为一句时,可用“not only...but also...”(不仅……而且……)的结构来连接两个并列的动作。
37.He feels tired because he doesn’t have enough time to relax.(改为同义句)
He doesn’t have enough time to relax, ________ he feels tired.
【答案】so
【详解】句意:他感觉很累,因为他没有足够的时间放松。本句原句用because引导原因状语从句,转换后将原因部分提前,空格处需要填入表示结果的连词,“所以”的英文表达为so。
38.You can stay at home. You can go to the library with me. (改写句子,使用正确连词)
→ You can stay at home ________ go to the library with me.
【答案】or
【详解】句意:你可以待在家里。你可以和我一起去图书馆。此处改为同义句“你可以待在家里或者和我一起去图书馆”。两个分句提供两种选择,表示“或者”,因此用并列连词or连接。
39.They find it boring to stay at home doing nothing. (同义句转换)
They find ________ ________ boring to stay at home doing nothing.
【答案】 it is
【详解】句意:他们发现待在家里无所事事是无聊的。原句 “They find it boring to stay at home doing nothing.” 使用的是“find+it (形式宾语)+形容词 (宾补) +to do sth (真正宾语) ”的结构。该句可以转换为宾语从句结构,即 find+(that)+从句。转换为从句时,主语为it,谓语为is,表语为boring,即it is boring to stay...,宾语从句的引导词that可以省略,因此两个空分别填入it和is。
40.We hope to spread Chinese culture to more people.(改为同义句)
We hope ________ we ________ spread Chinese culture to more people.
【答案】 that can
【详解】句意:我们希望将中国文化传播给更多的人。原句可转换成宾语从句,hope后接that引导的宾语从句,表达愿望,后面用can表示能力。
41.“I like reading novels.” She says.(合并宾语从句)
She says ________ ________ ________ reading novels.
【答案】 that she likes
【详解】句意:她说她喜欢读小说。直接引语变宾语从句时需用that引导,that无实际含义,仅起连接作用;主语I需根据主句主语转换为she;主句时态为一般现在时,从句时态保持不变;主语she为第三人称单数,谓语动词like需变为第三人称单数形式likes。
42.我希望我能通过这次考试。
I ________ ________ I can pass the exam.
【答案】 hope that
【详解】原句中“希望”关键词,表示“希望”的单词是hope。本句为一般现在时,主语I后接动词原形hope,hope后接that引导的宾语从句。
43.我相信良好的学习习惯能帮助我们取得进步。
I ________ ________ good learning habits can help us make progress.
【答案】 believe that
【详解】本句缺少关键词“相信”。中文“相信”对应的英文动词是believe。句子主语是I,时态为一般现在时,故谓语动词用原形。本题为宾语从句,从句“good learning habits can help us make progress”是一个完整的陈述句,通常由连接词that引导。故填believe;that。
44.她很高兴她的妈妈支持她。
She is glad __________ her mother supports her.
【答案】that
【详解】分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,从句是一个完整的句子。在英语中,表示情感类的形容词(如 glad, happy, surprised 等)后接从句说明原因或内容时,常用连词that引导,构成 be glad that... 结构,意为“很高兴……”。
45.我恐怕我不能帮你了。
I ________ ________ ________ I can’t help you.
【答案】 am afraid that
【详解】原句中“恐怕”是关键词,表示“恐怕”的固定句型为“I am afraid that...”。本句为一般现在时,主语为I,be动词用am;afraid为形容词,表示“害怕的”;that为连词,引导宾语从句。故填am;afraid;that。
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Unit 1 Know yourself 单元语法重难点、易错点精练
目录
· 语法重难点,易错点梳理
单元核心语法知识梳理:系统梳理单元核心语法知识点,总结归纳语法重难点、易错点,夯实基础,打牢根基,构建完整的语法体系。
· 单元语法综合练
单元核心语法知识综合练:在系统梳理单元核心语法知识点的基础上,通过在句子或语篇中练习语法重难点、易错点,体会语法结构在具体语境中的使用,熟悉语法知识的适用场景,提升对语法知识的理解与运用能力。
单元核心语法知识梳理
一、并列连词的用法
1. 连词的概念:连词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。
2. 并列连词的分类:
功能
例词
并列或递进关系
and, both...and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor... ,as well as
转折关系
but, yet, while
选择关系
either...or..., or , otherwise
因果关系
for, so
3. 常见连词的用法:
(1)and用法
and表示并列关系,意为“和、又”,用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子。连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时,and放在最后一个之前。
例:Tom and Jerry are good friends. 汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。(连接两个单词)
She likes singing and dancing. 她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。(连接两个短语)
I bought apples, bananas, oranges, and grapes. 我买了苹果、香蕉、橙子和葡萄。(连接三个以上,and 放最后)
(2)but的用法
but表示转折关系,意为“但是”,连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
例:He is rich, but he is not happy. 他很富有,但是他并不快乐。(意思相对)
The weather was bad, but we still went out. 天气很糟糕,但是我们还是出去了。(意思相反)
(3)or的用法
or表示选择关系,意为“或者”,可用于肯定句、疑问句中表选择;否定句中常用or替代and 连接并列成分。
例:Would you like tea or coffee? 你想要茶还是咖啡?(疑问句表选择)
You can come by bus or by train. 你可以乘公交车或者火车来。(肯定句表选择)
I don't like apples or bananas. 我不喜欢苹果和香蕉。(否定句中用 or 替代 and)
(4)so的用法
so表示因果关系,意为“所以、因此”,连接两个具有因果关系的简单句。so连接的两个句子,前句是因后句是果。so和because不能同时使用。
例:It was raining heavily, so we stayed at home. 雨下得很大,所以我们待在了家里。(前因后果)
She was ill, so she didn't go to school. 她生病了,所以没去上学。(前因后果)
I was tired, so I went to bed early. 我很累,所以很早就上床睡觉了。(前因后果,不用 because)
(5)both … and …的用法
“both … and …”意为“……和……都”,连接两个并列成分,当连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语要用复数形式。
例:Both Tom and Mary like music. 汤姆和玛丽都喜欢音乐。(连接主语,谓语 like 用复数)
She is both kind and beautiful. 她既善良又漂亮。(连接两个形容词)
Both the teacher and the students are excited. 老师和学生们都很兴奋。(连接主语,谓语 are 用复数)
(6)not only … but (also) …的用法
“not only … but (also) …”意为“不仅……而且……”,表递进关系,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”,谓语单复数取决于靠近谓语的那个成分。
例:She is not only smart but also hard-working.她不仅聪明,而且勤奋。(连接表语)
Not only Tom but also his parents are coming.不仅汤姆,而且他的父母也要来。(就近原则:parents 是复数,用 are)
Not only the students but also the teacher likes this book.不仅学生们,而且老师也喜欢这本书。(就近原则:teacher 是单数,用 likes)
(7)either … or …的用法
“either … or …”意为“要么……要么……”,表选择关系,当连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
例:You can either stay here or go with us. 你要么待在这里,要么跟我们一起走。(连接谓语)
Either you or I am wrong.要么是你错了,要么是我错了。(就近原则:I 搭配 am)
Either the boys or their teacher has the key. 要么是男孩们,要么是他们的老师拿着钥匙。(就近原则:teacher 是单数,用 has)
(8)neither … nor …的用法
“neither … nor …”意为“既不……也不……”,连接两个对等成分,表两者全否,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
例:He likes neither coffee nor tea. 他既不喜欢咖啡,也不喜欢茶。(两者全否)
Neither my father nor my mother is at home. 我父亲和母亲都不在家。(就近原则:mother 是单数,用 is)
Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. 学生们和老师都不知道答案。(就近原则:teacher 是单数,用 knows)
(9)except的用法
except意为“除……之外”,表示不包含在内。(except后面的内容排除在外,不属于前面所说的整体。)
例:Everyone except Tom went to the party. 除了汤姆,大家都去参加派对了。(汤姆没去)
All the students except Mary passed the exam.除了玛丽,所有学生都通过了考试。(玛丽没通过)
I like all fruits except bananas.除了香蕉,我喜欢所有水果。(不喜欢香蕉)
【拓展】except for
“except for + 名词”意为“除了......”,用于对整体肯定,对局部修正。
例:The essay is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 这篇文章很好,除了几处拼写错误。
Your room is tidy except for the books on the floor. 你的房间很整洁,除了地上的书。
Except for the color, I like everything about this car. 除了颜色,我喜欢这辆车的一切。
(10)as well as的用法
“as well as”意为“和……一样;也;连同”,连接主语时,谓语遵循“就前原则”。
例:Tom as well as his parents is coming.汤姆连同他的父母都要来。(就前原则:Tom 是单数,用 is)
She as well as her sisters likes dancing.她和她的姐妹们都喜欢跳舞。(就前原则:She 是单数,用 likes)
The teacher as well as the students was praised.老师连同学生们都受到了表扬。(就前原则:teacher 是单数,用 was)
二、that引导的宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的概念。
在主从复合句中,宾语是由一个完整的句子充当,这个充当宾语成分的句子,就叫做宾语从句。
例:I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(that he is right是一个句子,充当think的宾语)
【注意】能接宾语的有及物动词和介词,在少数形容词后也可以接宾语从句。
例:She always thinks of how she can help those handicapped children to go to school.她总是想如何能帮助残疾儿童上学。
I’m glad (that) you can stay.我很高兴你能留下来。
2. that引导的宾语从句。
在that引导的宾语从句中,that无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何成分,只引出一个陈述事情的完整句子。
例1:I hope (that) you will succeed.我希望你会成功。(该宾语从句“you will succeed”是个陈述事情的完整句子,that的作用只是引导和连接,that不给宾语从句添加任何含义,在从句中不充当成分。)
3. 宾语从句的时态。
时
态
主句为一般现在时态时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定。
I know (that) he is busy. 我知道他很忙。
I know (that) he was sick yesterday.我知道他昨天生病了。
I know (that) he will come tomorrow.我知道他明天会来。
主句为一般过去时态时,从句应用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时)
He said (that) he was tired.他说他很累。
She told me (that) she had finished her homework.她告诉我她已经完成了作业。(过去的过去 → 过去完成时)
They said (that) they would go tomorrow.他们说明天会去。(将来 → 过去将来时)
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。
He told us (that) light travels faster than sound. 他告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
She learned (that) water boils at 100°C. 她学到水在100摄氏度沸腾。
4. that的省略情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,通常可省略,但在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①and连接并列的两个that引导的宾语从句,第一个从句的连词that可省,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。
如:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
5. 宾语从句否定转移。
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose 等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
例句:I don't think (that) he is right. 我认为他不对。
I don't believe (that) he will come. 我相信他不会来。
单元核心语法知识综合练
一、单项选择。
1.You can’t have them both. You can choose ________ the bike ________ the toy car.
A.neither; nor B.both; and C.not only; but also D.either; or
2.I have only two tickets for Cats. ________ you ________ he can go with me.
A.Either; or B.Neither; nor C.Both; and D.As; as
3.She is very famous in both music and movies. She is ________ a singer ________ an actress.
A.both; or B.not only; but also C.either; or D.neither; nor
4.The environment, including your education, your experiences ________ people around you, can change your personality.
A.as long as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as far as
5.________ you ________ I are in Class Two.
A.Both; and B.All; and C.Both; with
6.—Do you know ________ You Benchang ________ Li Deren were born in Taizhou?
—Yes. They have made great contributions to Chinese art ________ science and technology.
A.either; or; as good as B.not only; but also; as well as
C.neither; nor; as good as D.both; and; as well as
7.To get a bright future, we teenagers should ________ study hard ________ keep in good health.
A.either; or B.neither; nor C.not only; but also D.so; but
8.—Where are you and your parents?
—My father ________ I are in the room, ________ my mother isn't.
A.but; and B.and; but C.and; and D.but; but
9.—We’re going to climb Mount Tai this Saturday. Would you like to come along?
—I’m in! That would be pleasant ________ challenging.
A.as long as B.as far as C.as good as D.as well as
10.I like Chinese ________ English, ________ I don’t like maths ________ biology.
A.and; or; but B.or; and; and
C.and; but; or D.but; or; and
11.It was raining heavily, ________ we stayed at home all day.
A.because B.so C.but D.or
12.________ I have lots of work to do today, ________ I can’t go to play with you.
A.Because; so B.Because; and C./; so D.So; /
13.I firmly believe ________ Wu Wei is a born creative artist full of imagination.
A.what B.that C.if D.whether
14.Our teacher told us that practice ________ the key to better learning.
A.is B.was C.will be D.has been
15.She said she ________ that my parents worked long hours every day.
A.know B.knowing C.knows D.knew
二、完成句子。
16.他不仅会弹钢琴,而且会拉小提琴。
He can play ________ ________ the piano ________ ________ the violin.
17.速度和力量都不是取胜的唯一关键。
________ speed ________ strength is the only key to winning.
18.这头奶牛是黑白相间的。
The ________ is black ________ white.
19.在志愿工作中,李华既不迟到,也不敷衍工作。
In volunteer work, Li Hua ________ arrived late ________ did his work carelessly.
20.我读书不快,但我能找到很多好书来读。
I ________ read fast, ________ I can find many good books to read.
21.你喜欢其他节日或假日吗?
Do you like ________ festivals ________ holidays?
22.他既不担心失败,也不在意他人的夸奖。
He ________ worries about failure ________ cares about others’ praise.
23.我每天都跑步,所以我很强壮。
I run every day, ________ I am very strong.
24.你可以加入校队,或者你可以自己练习。
You can join the school team, ________ you can practice on your own.
25.我不是海而是湖。而且我也不是死的。
I’m ________ a sea ________ a lake. And I’m not dead.
26.民间音乐和古典音乐都是我们文化的重要组成部分。
________ folk music ________ classical music are important parts of our culture.
27.无论在赛场上还是在赛场下,我们都是好朋友。
All of us are good friends, ________ on ________ off the field.
28.健康饮食以及规律的锻炼对保持活力很有好处。
Healthy eating ________ ________ ________ regular exercise is good for staying active.
29.你的故事可以基于新闻报道或真实生活经历。
Your story can _______ be based on a news report or a real-life experience.
30.无论是你还是他,都应该参加这个跑步俱乐部。
________ you ________ he should join this running club.
31.Both my father and my mother are teachers. (同义句转换)
________ my father ________ my mother ________ a teacher.
32.Not only the Nile but also the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop. (改为意义相近的句子)
________ the Nile ________ the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.
33.Although it snowed, farmers still worked in the fields.(改为同义句)
It snowed, ________ farmers still worked in the fields.
34.The hacker was so clever that he tricked many people.(改为同义句)
The hacker was very clever, ________ he tricked many people.
35.My mother is a teacher. His mother is a teacher, too. (同义句转换)
________ ________ my mother ________ ________ his mother is a teacher.
36.We should study hard and we should also find time to relax.(合并为一句)
We should ________ study hard ________ find time to relax.
37.He feels tired because he doesn’t have enough time to relax.(改为同义句)
He doesn’t have enough time to relax, ________ he feels tired.
38.You can stay at home. You can go to the library with me. (改写句子,使用正确连词)
→ You can stay at home ________ go to the library with me.
39.They find it boring to stay at home doing nothing. (同义句转换)
They find ________ ________ boring to stay at home doing nothing.
40.We hope to spread Chinese culture to more people.(改为同义句)
We hope ________ we ________ spread Chinese culture to more people.
41.“I like reading novels.” She says.(合并宾语从句)
She says ________ ________ ________ reading novels.
42.我希望我能通过这次考试。
I ________ ________ I can pass the exam.
43.我相信良好的学习习惯能帮助我们取得进步。
I ________ ________ good learning habits can help us make progress.
44.她很高兴她的妈妈支持她。
She is glad __________ her mother supports her.
45.我恐怕我不能帮你了。
I ________ ________ ________ I can’t help you.
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