周周有招同步提高班Unit1 讲义第一讲 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦一般过去时与现在完成时的对比这一核心语法点，从区分两者核心差异入手，系统构建现在完成时的结构公式与三大功能（影响/结果型、经历型、持续型），配套used to do结构、already/yet等标志词及延续性动词转化规则，结合阅读预测策略与写作句型，形成完整学习支架。 该资料采用“课前测-模块授课-课堂练习-知识地图”闭环设计，模块一通过对比句组观察引导学生自主提炼时态差异，培养思维品质。模块五预测策略三步法提升语言理解能力，课中例1-5对比训练助教师高效授课，课后书面表达任务让学生运用所学，强化知识内化，提升学习能力。

Unit 1 The Changing World 学生版讲义 第1讲 + 第2讲 · 新教材同步【周周有招】 Big Question: What brings about changes? 核心语法：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（对比） 配套拓展：used to do · 延续性动词转化 · already/yet/ever/never/just —— 2026秋新版人教版九年级英语上册 · 学生版 —— 第1讲 Changes We Can See（看得见的变化） 课时定位：Unit 1 上半部分 | 时长：120分钟 课堂学习目标 本讲结束后，你将能够： 1. 区分一般过去时和现在完成时的核心差异 1. 掌握现在完成时的结构公式和三大功能 1. 正确使用 used to do 结构描述"过去和现在的对比" 1. 识别 already / yet / ever / never / just 五大标志词 1. 掌握延续性动词与瞬间动词的转化规则 1. 运用"预测策略"阅读关于变化的文章 1. 积累描述变化的写作句型 课前测（10分钟） 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I __________ (visit) the Great Wall last summer. It __________ (be) amazing. 1. My grandfather __________ (work) as a teacher for 30 years before he __________ (retire) in 2020. 1. They __________ (not go) to the park yesterday because it __________ (rain) heavily. 1. —When __________ you __________ (buy) this book? —I __________ (buy) it three days ago. 1. There __________ (be) no hospital in my hometown in the past. People __________ (have) to travel far to see a doctor. 课堂笔记区 一般过去时的标志词（边听边记）： 不规则动词过去式变化规则： 课堂授课 模块一 语法核心：现在完成时的认知建构 1.1 概念引入：从"过去"到"现在"的桥梁 对比句组观察：阅读下列句子，在表格中填写时态名称。 句子 时态 关键词 与现在的关系 I visited Beijing in 2020. ________ in 2020 只是陈述过去的事 I have visited Beijing twice. ________ twice 强调到现在的经历 He bought a new phone yesterday. ________ yesterday 过去买的 He has bought a new phone. ________ 无具体时间 他有新手机了 结论提炼（抄写在下方）： 一般过去时：_______________________________________________ 现在完成时：_______________________________________________ 1.2 现在完成时的结构公式 肯定句：主语 + ________ + 动词的______________ 否定句：主语 + ________ + 动词的______________ 疑问句：________ + 主语 + ________ + ________？ 高频不规则动词过去分词（本单元）： 原形 go see buy eat take make 过去分词 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 【例1-1】 完成句子，注意主谓一致。 (1) I __________ (finish) my homework already. (2) She __________ (go) to the library. (3) They __________ (not arrive) yet. (4) __________ you ever __________ (eat) Beijing duck? 1.3 现在完成时的"三大功能" 功能一：影响/结果型 含义：过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响或留下了结果。 标志词：________ / ________ / ________ 【例1-2】 分析下列句子中"过去动作"对"现在"的影响。 (1) I have lost my key. → 影响：_________________________________ (2) She has already finished her homework. → 影响：_________________________________ (3) Someone has turned off the light. → 影响：_________________________________ 功能二：经历型 含义：表示"到目前为止"曾经做过或从未做过某事。 标志词：________ / ________ / ________ 【例1-3】 判断下列句子表达的是"经历"还是"结果"。 (1) Have you ever been to Shanghai? → [________] (2) I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. → [________] (3) He has visited the UK three times. → [________] 功能三：持续型 含义：动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在（可能还会继续）。 标志词：________ + 时间段 / ________ + 时间点 【例1-4】 画出下列句子中"动作持续的时间线"（在下方空白处画图）。 (1) He has lived here for 10 years. (2) She has studied English since 2018. (3) They have been in this city since 2015. 【例1-5 对比训练】 用一般过去时或现在完成时填空，并写出理由。 句子 填空 理由 My brother _____ (join) the army in 2021. __________ __________________ My brother _____ (be) in the army for 5 years. __________ __________________ I _____ (buy) this book last month. __________ __________________ I _____ (have) this book for two months. __________ __________________ 模块二 高频考点：used to do 结构 含义：表示"过去常常做某事（现在不做了）" 结构：used to + ________ 否定式：________ + ________ + ________ + 动词原形 疑问式：________ + 主语 + ________ + 动词原形？ 【例1-6】 用used to或一般过去时完成句子。 (1) My father __________ (smoke) a lot, but he gave it up last year. (2) I __________ (play) the piano when I was a child, but now I don't. (3) There __________ (be) a small house here, but now there is a tall building. 2.2 四大"used"结构的终极辨析 结构 含义 to的性质 后面接 used to do 过去常常（现在不做了） 不定式符号 __________ be used to doing 习惯于做某事 介词 __________ be used to do 被用来做某事（被动语态） 不定式符号 __________ use sth to do 用某物做某事（主动） 不定式符号 __________ 【例1-7 易错辨析】 选择正确答案。 (1) He __________ get up late when he was young, but now he gets up early. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. use to 你的答案：______ (2) She __________ living in the countryside because she has lived there for 20 years. A. used to B. is used to C. uses to D. used to be 你的答案：______ (3) Knives are __________ cut things. A. used to B. used for C. using to D. use to 你的答案：______ 易错口诀记录：_______________________________________________ 模块三 考点突破：already / yet / ever / never / just 标志词 含义 位置 用法说明 already ______ 句中 肯定句，表示"比预期早" yet / ______ 疑问句（已经）；否定句（还） ever ______ 句中 疑问句，表示"任何时候" never ______ 句中 否定含义，本身表否定 just ______ 句中 强调"刚才发生" 【例1-8】 用already, yet, ever, never, just填空。 (1) —Have you finished your report __________? —Not __________. I'm still working on it. (2) I have __________ seen this movie. It's very touching. (3) Have you __________ been to the Great Wall? (4) She has __________ eaten Japanese food before. (5) The train has __________ arrived. You can get on now. 模块四 考点突破：延续性动词转化 核心规则：现在完成时中，非延续性动词（瞬间动词）不能与________ / ________引导的时间段连用。 四大高频转化组（必须背诵）： 瞬间动词 → 延续性表达 例句 buy（买） → ________ I have had this phone for two years. borrow（借） → ________ You can keep the book for two weeks. die（死） → ________ The old man has been dead for 5 years. leave（离开） → ________ He has been away from home for 3 days. 补充组： | join（加入） | → | ________ / ________ | He has been in the army for 3 years. | | begin/start（开始） | → | ________ | The film has been on for 10 minutes. | | open（开） | → | ________ | The shop has been open since 8 a.m. | | arrive/come（到达） | → | ________ / ________ | They have been here since Monday. | 【例1-9 经典易错题】 判断正误，错误的写出正确句子。 (1) His grandfather has died for 10 years. 正误：______ 改正：_______________________________________________ (2) I have bought this book since 2020. 正误：______ 改正：_______________________________________________ (3) She has joined the club for two years. 正误：______ 改正：_______________________________________________ (4) The movie has been on for half an hour. 正误：______ (5) He has left his hometown since 2018. 正误：______ 改正：_______________________________________________ 【例1-10】 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 (1) —Where is Tom? —He __________ (go) to the library. He __________ (go) there just now. (2) I __________ (borrow) this book from the library last week. I __________ (keep) it for a week. (3) My family __________ (live) in this city since 2015. Before that, we __________ (live) in a small town. (4) —__________ you ever __________ (eat) hot pot? —Yes, I __________ (eat) it last month. 模块五 阅读技能：预测（Making Predictions） 预测策略三步法： 1. 看________：标题中的关键词能告诉你文章主题 1. 看________：图片提供了视觉线索 1. 提________：根据标题和图片，提出3个"W问题" 【例1-11 预测训练】 教师朗读稿（听教师朗读，完成下列任务） Interviewer: Mr Yan, how has life changed in your hometown? Mr Yan: It has changed quite a lot. In the past, many young people used to work in big cities. They had to leave their hometown to make a living. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here because the village has developed a lot. Interviewer: What brought about these changes? Mr Yan: The new highway and railway have helped a lot. They have made it easier to travel and to sell our local products to other places. Our village has become a tourist attraction. Interviewer: That's great! Ms Wu, how about you? Ms Wu: Well, I used to grow only a few vegetables in the fields. It was hard work and the income was low. But now, we have built high-tech greenhouses. We can grow vegetables all year round and sell them at a better price. 听后任务： (1) What changes does Mr Yan mention about young people? (2) What has helped bring about these changes in Mr Yan's village? (3) How has Ms Wu's farming changed? 模块六 写作铺垫：描述变化的句型工具箱 功能 句型 示例 描述过去 ...used to... / In the past,... There used to be a small river here. 描述现在 ...has/have + done... / Now,... They have built a new bridge. 对比连接 but now / However, / Compared with the past, The road was narrow, but now it is wide. 原因说明 because of / thanks to / as a result of Thanks to the new policy, life has improved. 写作示范（边听边标注重点句型和时态）： Great changes have taken place in my hometown. In the past, the roads used to be rough and narrow. People had to walk a long way to the market. But now, the government has built a new highway. It has made our life much more convenient. Thanks to these changes, people are living a happier life. 课堂练习（15分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. —Where is your father? I haven't seen him all day. —He __________ to Shanghai on business. He will be back next week. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 2. My hometown __________ a lot since I moved away in 2020. A. changed B. changes C. has changed D. will change 3. I __________ this watch for five years. It still works well. A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. buy 4. The girl __________ shy, but now she is very outgoing. A. used to be B. is used to be C. was used to being D. uses to be 5. —Have you ever __________ to the new science museum? —Not __________. I'm planning to go this weekend. A. gone; yet B. been; already C. been; yet D. gone; already 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (see) this movie three times. It's my favorite. 7. She __________ (buy) a new bike last Sunday. She __________ (have) it for a week. 8. They __________ (not finish) their project yet. They __________ (work) on it since last month. 9. My grandmother __________ (die) in 2018. She __________ (be dead) for eight years. 10. —__________ you ever __________ (try) Chinese food? —Yes, I __________ (have) it many times. 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 11. I bought this phone last year.（改为现在完成时） → _______________________________________________ 12. He used to play basketball after school.（改为否定句） → _______________________________________________ 13. They have already finished the work.（改为否定句） → _______________________________________________ 14. She went to Beijing. She hasn't come back.（合并为一句，用have gone to） → _______________________________________________ 15. My father started to smoke 10 years ago, but he stopped last year.（用used to改写） → _______________________________________________ 四、阅读理解（共5分） In 2015, Zhang Wei, a farmer from a small village in Yunnan, had a difficult life. He used to work on his small farm from sunrise to sunset, but the income was very low. There was no highway near his village, so it took him almost a whole day to travel to the city. Today, everything has changed. The government has built a highway connecting the village to the city. The journey now takes only two hours. Zhang Wei has also started using a smartphone. He has learned to sell his fruits online. "I have sold more than 10,000 kilograms of apples this year," he says happily. "My life has improved a lot." 16. What was Zhang Wei's life like in 2015?（1分） 17. Why did it take a long time to travel to the city in the past?（1分） 18. What changes has the government made?（1分） 19. How has Zhang Wei sold his fruits this year?（1分） 20. What can we infer from the passage?（1分） A. Zhang Wei still lives a poor life. B. The highway has made life more convenient. C. Zhang Wei doesn't know how to use a phone. D. Fruits in Yunnan are not popular online. 课堂小结 第1讲知识地图：Changes We Can See 请在下方空白处，用你自己的语言总结本讲的核心知识点： 1. 现在完成时的三大功能：、、__________ 1. 标志词：already / __________ / __________ / __________ / __________ / for / __________ 1. used to do表示：_______________________________________________ 1. 四大延续性动词转化：buy→__________ / borrow→__________ / die→__________ / leave→__________ 1. 阅读技能：预测三步法——看__________→看__________→提__________ 1. 写作句型：描述变化用__________和__________两种时态搭配 我的收获（写一句话）： _______________________________________________ 课后巩固作业 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The village __________ a lot over the past ten years. Many new houses have appeared. A. changes B. changed C. has changed D. will change 2. My brother __________ the army for three years. He will come back next month. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in 3. —__________ you __________ your homework yet? —Yes, I finished it half an hour ago. A. Did, finish B. Have, finished C. Do, finish D. Will, finish 4. The old man __________ live in the city, but now he enjoys the quiet life in the countryside. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. gets used to 5. —How long has your father worked in this company? —__________ 2018. A. For B. Since C. In D. From 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (know) him since I was a child. We are best friends. 7. She __________ (lose) her way yesterday, but she __________ (find) her home at last. 8. They __________ (build) a new school in my hometown. It __________ (open) last September. 9. My sister __________ (not come) back yet. She __________ (be) in the library since 2 p.m. 10. —Where __________ you __________ (get) this information? —I __________ (search) it on the Internet just now. 三、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） I live in a big city. In the past, the streets 11 very crowded and noisy. There 12 to be few trees along the roads. People 13 to walk or take the bus because there was no subway. But great changes 14 place in recent years. The city 15 more green spaces. A new subway line has also been built. Now it is much easier to get around. I love my city! 11. A. is B. was C. were D. are 12. A. used B. use C. is used D. using 13. A. have B. has C. had D. having 14. A. take B. have taken C. took D. are taking 15. A. has created B. created C. creates D. will create 四、书面表达（10分） 题目：Changes in My Life 要求： 1. 描述你生活中过去和现在的至少两个变化 1. 使用现在完成时和used to do结构 1. 词数：80词左右 写作区： 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 教师版讲义 第1讲 + 第2讲 完整版 · 新教材同步 ·【周周有招】 中考提分专用 Big Question: What brings about changes? 核心语法：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（对比） 配套拓展：used to do · 延续性动词转化 · already/yet/ever/never/just —— 2026秋新版人教版九年级英语上册 · 教师版讲义 —— 第1讲 Changes We Can See（看得见的变化） 课时定位：Unit 1 上半部分（Section A 核心） | 时长：120分钟 | 课型：语法奠基 + 语境应用 教学规划总览 教学环节 时间 内容定位 课前测 10分钟 旧知激活 · 一般过去时热身 讲题 5分钟 课前测逐题精讲 课堂授课 80分钟 核心语法建构 + 考点拆解 + 高频易错 课堂练习 15分钟 限时训练 · 新语境检测 讲解 5分钟 练习精讲 · 规律提炼 课堂小结 5分钟 知识网络构建 · 课后任务布置 课后作业：约30分钟题量（见讲末） 课前测（10分钟） 设计意图：激活一般过去时旧知，建立"过去 vs 现在"的对比意识，为本讲现在完成时的学习搭建认知桥梁。 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I __________ (visit) the Great Wall last summer. It __________ (be) amazing. 1. My grandfather __________ (work) as a teacher for 30 years before he __________ (retire) in 2020. 1. They __________ (not go) to the park yesterday because it __________ (rain) heavily. 1. —When __________ you __________ (buy) this book? —I __________ (buy) it three days ago. 1. There __________ (be) no hospital in my hometown in the past. People __________ (have) to travel far to see a doctor. 答案速查：1. visited, was 2. worked, retired 3. didn't go, rained 4. did, buy, bought 5. was, had 讲题环节（5分钟） 备课批注：逐题带领学生回顾一般过去时的标志词。重点强调： last summer / yesterday / three days ago / in the past → 明确过去时间 → 一般过去时 be动词过去式：was / were 否定句结构：didn't + 动词原形 规则动词过去式变化规则（-ed / -d / -ied / 双写+ed） 第4题高频错因警示：部分学生会误写成"did you bought"，需强调did后动词还原为原形。 课堂授课（80分钟） 模块一 语法核心：现在完成时的认知建构（25分钟） 1.1 概念引入：从"过去"到"现在"的桥梁 认知重构策略：不直接给出定义，先通过"情境对比"让学生自己发现两种时态的差异。 板书/PPT呈现对比句组（教师逐句带读、分析）： 句子 时态 关键词 与现在的关系 I visited Beijing in 2020. 一般过去时 in 2020 只是陈述过去的事，不涉及现在 I have visited Beijing twice. 现在完成时 twice（无具体时间） 强调"到现在为止"的经历 He bought a new phone yesterday. 一般过去时 yesterday 过去买的，现在怎样不知道 He has bought a new phone. 现在完成时 无具体过去时间 他有新手机了（结果影响现在） 教师话术： "同学们注意，一般过去时像是一张老照片——它告诉你'过去发生了什么'，但和现在没有关系。现在完成时像是一个'进度条'——它告诉你过去发生的事，到现在这一刻还有影响或还在持续。" 结论提炼（板书加粗）： 一般过去时：过去的事，说清楚什么时候发生的，说完就和现在没关系了。 现在完成时：和现在有关的事，不强调具体什么时候发生的，重点在现在的状态/结果。 1.2 现在完成时的结构公式（10分钟） 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？ 学情降难设计： 用"小公式卡片"方式呈现，学生齐读3遍 强调：have用于I/you/we/they，has用于he/she/it 不规则动词过去分词是重难点，先教本单元高频的6个： go—gone / see—seen / buy—bought / eat—eaten / take—taken / make—made 【例1-1】 完成句子，注意主谓一致。 (1) I __________ (finish) my homework already. → [have finished] (2) She __________ (go) to the library. → [has gone] (3) They __________ (not arrive) yet. → [haven't arrived] (4) __________ you ever __________ (eat) Beijing duck? → [Have, eaten] 备课批注：逐题板书示范，引导学生观察——have/has的选择取决于主语，过去分词的形式需要记忆。 1.3 现在完成时的"三大功能"（15分钟） 知识进化策略：将教材中的零散用法，提炼为"三大功能"体系，让学生形成系统认知。 功能一：影响/结果型 — 过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响或留下了结果。 标志词：already / yet / just 【例1-2】 分析下列句子中"过去动作"对"现在"的影响。 (1) I have lost my key. → 影响：__________（现在找不到钥匙了） (2) She has already finished her homework. → 影响：__________（她现在可以休息/玩了） (3) Someone has turned off the light. → 影响：__________（现在房间很暗） 答案：(1)现在没钥匙进门 (2)现在可以自由安排时间 (3)现在看不见东西 课堂互动：让学生自己说影响，训练"因果思维"。 功能二：经历型 — 表示"到目前为上"曾经做过或从未做过某事。 标志词：ever / never / before 【例1-3】 翻译并判断句子表达的是"经历"还是"结果"。 (1) Have you ever been to Shanghai? → [经历] 你曾经去过上海吗？ (2) I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. → [经历] 我从未见过如此美丽的日落。 (3) He has visited the UK three times. → [经历/次数] 他去过英国三次。 备课批注：ever常用于疑问句，never表示否定（从来没有），before可用于句末。 注意区分：ever = at any time（任何时候），never = at no time（任何时候都不）。 功能三：持续型 — 动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在（可能还会继续）。 标志词：for + 时间段 / since + 时间点 【例1-4】 观察下列句子，画出"动作持续的时间线"。 (1) He has lived here for 10 years. → 10年前开始住，现在还住在这里。 (2) She has studied English since 2018. → 2018年开始学，现在还在学。 (3) They have been in this city since 2015. → 2015年到现在，一直在。 课堂获得感设计： 让3位学生在黑板上画出时间轴，标注起点（since/for）和终点（now），直观理解"持续到现在"。 【例1-5 对比训练】 用一般过去时或现在完成时填空，并说明理由。 (1) My brother __________ (join) the army in 2021. → [joined] 理由：in 2021是明确过去时间 (2) My brother __________ (be) in the army for 5 years. → [has been] 理由：for 5 years表示持续至今 (3) I __________ (buy) this book last month. → [bought] 理由：last month是过去时间 (4) I __________ (have) this book for two months. → [have had] 理由：for two months持续至今，且buy→have转换 模块二 高频考点：used to do 结构（15分钟） 2.1 核心用法 知识进化：教材中used to do只是"过去常常"的简单定义，这里升级为"古今对比的黄金结构"。 含义：表示"过去常常做某事（现在不做了）"—— 天然的"对比"功能，完美适配本单元主题。 结构：used to + 动词原形 否定式：didn't use to + 动词原形（口语常用）/ used not to + 动词原形（正式） 疑问式：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ 【例1-6】 用used to或一般过去时完成句子。 (1) My father __________ (smoke) a lot, but he gave it up last year. → [used to smoke] (2) I __________ (play) the piano when I was a child, but now I don't. → [used to play] (3) There __________ (be) a small house here, but now there is a tall building. → [used to be] 备课批注： ① used to do强调"过去与现在的对比"，是一般过去时的"情感升级版" ② 注意区分：used to do（过去常常）≠ be used to doing（习惯做）≠ be used to do（被用来做） ③ 中考高频考点：used to的否定式和疑问式（didn't use to / Did...use to） 2.2 四大"used"结构的终极辨析 结构 含义 to的性质 后面接 used to do 过去常常（现在不做了） 不定式符号 动词原形 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 介词 动名词/名词 be used to do 被用来做某事（被动语态） 不定式符号 动词原形 use sth to do 用某物做某事（主动） 不定式符号 动词原形 【例1-7 易错辨析】 选择正确答案。 (1) He __________ get up late when he was young, but now he gets up early. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. use to → [A] 解析：描述过去常常做某事（现在不做了），用used to do。B项be used to doing表示"习惯做"，不符合句意。 (2) She __________ living in the countryside because she has lived there for 20 years. A. used to B. is used to C. uses to D. used to be → [B] 解析：living是动名词，前面需用介词to，be used to doing表示"习惯于做某事"。 (3) Knives are __________ cut things. A. used to B. used for C. using to D. use to → [A] 解析：被动语态结构"be used to do"表示"被用来做某事"，也可用be used for doing。 易错警示： 这是中考单选和完形填空的"钉子户"考点，每年必考。 记忆口诀："used to do过去常，be used to doing习惯上，be used to do被用来，三个结构不一样。" 模块三 考点突破：already / yet / ever / never / just（15分钟） 3.1 五大标志词速查表 标志词 含义 位置 用法说明 already 已经 句中（be/助后实前） 肯定句，表示"比预期早" yet 已经/还 句末 疑问句（已经）；否定句（还） ever 曾经 句中 疑问句，表示"任何时候" never 从未 句中 否定含义，本身表否定 just 刚刚 句中 强调"刚才发生" 学情降难设计： 用"交通信号灯"类比—— 🟢 already = 绿灯（已经做好了，可以继续前进） 🔴 yet否定 = 红灯（还没做完，需要等待） 🟡 yet疑问 = 黄灯（询问是否已经完成） 【例1-8】 用already, yet, ever, never, just填空。 (1) —Have you finished your report __________? —Not __________. I'm still working on it. → [yet / yet] 解析：疑问句用yet，否定句用yet表示"还（没）"。 (2) I have __________ seen this movie. It's very touching. → [already/just] 解析：肯定句中表示"已经"或"刚刚"。 (3) Have you __________ been to the Great Wall? → [ever] 解析：疑问句中表示"曾经"。 (4) She has __________ eaten Japanese food before. → [never] 解析：表示"从未"。 (5) The train has __________ arrived. You can get on now. → [just] 解析：表示"刚刚"到达。 模块四 考点突破：延续性动词转化（15分钟） 4.1 核心概念 认知重构： "延续性动词"和"非延续性动词（瞬间动词）"是中考高频考点。 核心规则：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for/since引导的时间段连用。 四大高频转化组（必须背诵）： 瞬间动词 → 延续性表达 例句 buy（买） → have（拥有） I have had this phone for two years. borrow（借） → keep（保留） You can keep the book for two weeks. die（死） → be dead（死了） The old man has been dead for 5 years. leave（离开） → be away（离开） He has been away from home for 3 days. 补充组（本单元拓展）： | join（加入） | → | be in / be a member of | He has been in the army for 3 years. | | begin/start（开始） | → | be on（进行中） | The film has been on for 10 minutes. | | open（开） | → | be open（开着） | The shop has been open since 8 a.m. | | arrive/come（到达） | → | be here/there | They have been here since last Monday. | 口诀记忆法： "买变have借变keep，die变dead别忘掉； leave变away离开家，join变in成员好； begin变on开始跑，open变open别忘了。" 【例1-9 经典易错题】 判断正误，错误的写出正确句子。 (1) His grandfather has died for 10 years. → ✗ → His grandfather has been dead for 10 years. (2) I have bought this book since 2020. → ✗ → I have had this book since 2020. (3) She has joined the club for two years. → ✗ → She has been in the club for two years. (4) The movie has been on for half an hour. → ✓ (5) He has left his hometown since 2018. → ✗ → He has been away from his hometown since 2018. 备课批注： 这是中考单选和句型转换的必考点。建议用"替换法"教学： 看到for/since → 检查动词是否可延续 如果动词是瞬间动词 → 必须替换为延续性表达 替换规则：瞬间动词 → be + 对应的形容词/介词短语 4.2 综合对比训练 【例1-10】 用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时态和动词类型）。 (1) —Where is Tom? —He __________ (go) to the library. He __________ (go) there just now. → [has gone / went] 解析：第一空强调"去了未回"，用has gone to；第二空有just now（刚才），用一般过去时went。 (2) I __________ (borrow) this book from the library last week. I __________ (keep) it for a week. → [borrowed / have kept] 解析：last week用一般过去时；for a week需用延续性动词keep。 (3) My family __________ (live) in this city since 2015. Before that, we __________ (live) in a small town. → [have lived / lived] 解析：since 2015用现在完成时持续用法；Before that描述过去的居住情况，用一般过去时。 (4) —__________ you ever __________ (eat) hot pot? —Yes, I __________ (eat) it last month. → [Have, eaten / ate] 解析：ever表示"曾经"，用现在完成时；last month用一般过去时。 课堂互动获得感设计： 让每位学生用"现在完成时+for/since"说一句关于自己经历的话。 例如："I have learned English for 3 years." / "I have lived in this city since I was born." 教师即时纠正时态错误，正向鼓励。 模块五 阅读技能：预测（Making Predictions）（10分钟） 教材关联：本单元阅读技能为"利用标题和图片预测文章内容"。 这里结合本单元Section A 3a的采访对话素材进行训练。 5.1 预测策略三步法 1. 看标题：标题中的关键词能告诉你文章主题 1. 看图片：图片提供了视觉线索 1. 提问题：根据标题和图片，提出3个"W问题"（What / Why / How） 【例1-11 预测训练】 教师朗读稿（替代听力材料）： 教师用正常的语速朗读以下对话，学生合上课本，仅通过听来获取信息。第一遍听大意，第二遍填关键信息。 Interviewer: Mr Yan, how has life changed in your hometown? Mr Yan: It has changed quite a lot. In the past, many young people used to work in big cities. They had to leave their hometown to make a living. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here because the village has developed a lot. Interviewer: What brought about these changes? Mr Yan: The new highway and railway have helped a lot. They have made it easier to travel and to sell our local products to other places. Our village has become a tourist attraction. Interviewer: That's great! Ms Wu, how about you? Ms Wu: Well, I used to grow only a few vegetables in the fields. It was hard work and the income was low. But now, we have built high-tech greenhouses. We can grow vegetables all year round and sell them at a better price. 听后任务： (1) What changes does Mr Yan mention about young people? → [They used to work in big cities; now more have come back to work in the village.] (2) What has helped bring about these changes in Mr Yan's village? → [The new highway and railway.] (3) How has Ms Wu's farming changed? → [She used to grow a few vegetables; now she grows vegetables in high-tech greenhouses.] 模块六 写作铺垫：描述变化的句型工具箱（5分钟） 6.1 核心句型归纳 功能 句型 示例 描述过去 ...used to... / In the past,... There used to be a small river here. 描述现在 ...has/have + done... / Now,... They have built a new bridge. 对比连接 but now / However, / Compared with the past, The road was narrow, but now it is wide. 原因说明 because of / thanks to / as a result of Thanks to the new policy, life has improved. 【写作示范】 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. In the past, the roads used to be rough and narrow. People had to walk a long way to the market. But now, the government has built a new highway. It has made our life much more convenient. Thanks to these changes, people are living a happier life. 课堂练习（15分钟） 设计原则：完全使用新语境（非课本原例），检测"规律掌握程度"。 词汇不超课标，逻辑步数略高于课本习题。 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. —Where is your father? I haven't seen him all day. —He __________ to Shanghai on business. He will be back next week. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes → [B] 解析：根据"will be back next week"可知父亲不在本地，去了未回，用has gone to。A项has been to表示"去过已回"，与语境矛盾。 2. My hometown __________ a lot since I moved away in 2020. A. changed B. changes C. has changed D. will change → [C] 解析：since I moved away是现在完成时标志，表示从2020年到现在持续的变化，用has changed。 3. I __________ this watch for five years. It still works well. A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. buy → [C] 解析：for five years需用延续性动词，buy是瞬间动词→have。have had表示"拥有"的延续状态。 4. The girl __________ shy, but now she is very outgoing. A. used to be B. is used to be C. was used to being D. uses to be → [A] 解析："过去害羞，现在外向"——古今对比，用used to be。B项结构错误，C项表示"习惯"不符合句意。 5. —Have you ever __________ to the new science museum? —Not __________. I'm planning to go this weekend. A. gone; yet B. been; already C. been; yet D. gone; already → [C] 解析：问句表示"曾经去过某地（已回）"，用been to。答句表示"还没去过"，否定句用yet。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (see) this movie three times. It's my favorite. → [have seen] 解析：three times表示"到目前为止的次数"，用现在完成时。 7. She __________ (buy) a new bike last Sunday. She __________ (have) it for a week. → [bought / has had] 解析：last Sunday用一般过去时；for a week用现在完成时，且buy→have转换。 8. They __________ (not finish) their project yet. They __________ (work) on it since last month. → [haven't finished / have worked] 解析：yet用现在完成时否定；since last month用现在完成时持续用法。 9. My grandmother __________ (die) in 2018. She __________ (be dead) for eight years. → [died / has been dead] 解析：in 2018用一般过去时；for eight years用现在完成时，die→be dead转换。 10. —__________ you ever __________ (try) Chinese food? —Yes, I __________ (have) it many times. → [Have, tried / have had] 解析：ever表示"曾经"用现在完成时；many times表示经历。 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 11. I bought this phone last year.（改为现在完成时） → I have had this phone since last year. / I have had this phone for a year. 12. He used to play basketball after school.（改为否定句） → He didn't use to play basketball after school. 13. They have already finished the work.（改为否定句） → They haven't finished the work yet. 14. She went to Beijing. She hasn't come back.（合并为一句，用have gone to） → She has gone to Beijing. 15. My father started to smoke 10 years ago, but he stopped last year.（用used to改写） → My father used to smoke, but he stopped last year. 四、阅读理解（共5分） 素材来源：自编题，模仿中考阅读B篇难度，主题为"科技发展改变生活"。 In 2015, Zhang Wei, a farmer from a small village in Yunnan, had a difficult life. He used to work on his small farm from sunrise to sunset, but the income was very low. There was no highway near his village, so it took him almost a whole day to travel to the city. Today, everything has changed. The government has built a highway connecting the village to the city. The journey now takes only two hours. Zhang Wei has also started using a smartphone. He has learned to sell his fruits online. "I have sold more than 10,000 kilograms of apples this year," he says happily. "My life has improved a lot." 16. What was Zhang Wei's life like in 2015?（1分） → [He had a difficult life. He used to work on his small farm but the income was low.] 17. Why did it take a long time to travel to the city in the past?（1分） → [Because there was no highway near his village.] 18. What changes has the government made?（1分） → [The government has built a highway connecting the village to the city.] 19. How has Zhang Wei sold his fruits this year?（1分） → [He has sold them online using a smartphone.] 20. What can we infer from the passage?（1分） A. Zhang Wei still lives a poor life. B. The highway has made life more convenient. C. Zhang Wei doesn't know how to use a phone. D. Fruits in Yunnan are not popular online. → [B] 解析：A项与文章矛盾（生活已改善）；C项与"learned to use a smartphone"矛盾；D项无依据。B项正确，高速公路使生活更方便。 练习讲解（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点讲解题号1（has been to vs has gone to辨析）、题号3（瞬间动词转化）、题号4（used to do）、阅读题第20题（推理判断）。 讲解模式：题干分析 → 考点定位 → 选项排除 → 规律总结。 课堂小结（5分钟） 知识网络构建 第1讲知识地图：Changes We Can See 1. 现在完成时（三大功能） 1.1 影响/结果型：already / yet / just 1.2 经历型：ever / never / before 1.3 持续型：for + 时间段 / since + 时间点 1. used to do结构 — 过去常常（现在不做了） 2.1 否定式：didn't use to 2.2 四大"used"辨析 1. 延续性动词转化 — 四大基础组 + 补充组 1. 阅读技能 — 预测策略三步法 1. 写作句型 — 描述变化的工具箱 课堂获得感设计： "请用一句话总结你今天学到的'最有用的知识'。" 邀请3位学生分享，教师即时反馈："非常棒！这就是我们今天要掌握的核心理念。" 课后作业布置 作业量：约30分钟 课后巩固作业（30分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The village __________ a lot over the past ten years. Many new houses have appeared. A. changes B. changed C. has changed D. will change → [C] 解析：over the past ten years是现在完成时标志，表示"过去十年到现在"的变化。 2. My brother __________ the army for three years. He will come back next month. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in → [B] 解析：for three years需用延续性动词，join→be in。且"will come back"说明他现在仍在部队。 3. —__________ you __________ your homework yet? —Yes, I finished it half an hour ago. A. Did, finish B. Have, finished C. Do, finish D. Will, finish → [B] 解析：yet是现在完成时标志；答句half an hour ago是过去时间，用一般过去时。 4. The old man __________ live in the city, but now he enjoys the quiet life in the countryside. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. gets used to → [A] 解析："过去住在城市，现在喜欢乡村"——过去和现在的对比，用used to。 5. —How long has your father worked in this company? —__________ 2018. A. For B. Since C. In D. From → [B] 解析：How long提问持续时长，2018是时间点，用since。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (know) him since I was a child. We are best friends. → [have known] 解析：since + 从句是现在完成时标志，know是延续性动词。 7. She __________ (lose) her way yesterday, but she __________ (find) her home at last. → [lost / found] 解析：yesterday和at last都是过去时间，用一般过去时。 8. They __________ (build) a new school in my hometown. It __________ (open) last September. → [have built / opened] 解析：强调"已经建好"这个结果用现在完成时；last September用一般过去时。 9. My sister __________ (not come) back yet. She __________ (be) in the library since 2 p.m. → [hasn't come / has been] 解析：yet用现在完成时否定；since 2 p.m.用现在完成时。 10. —Where __________ you __________ (get) this information? —I __________ (search) it on the Internet just now. → [did, get / searched] 解析：询问过去获取信息的具体时间（just now），用一般过去时。 三、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） 素材来源：自编题，主题"城市交通变化"，模仿中考完形填空难度。 I live in a big city. In the past, the streets 11 very crowded and noisy. There 12 to be few trees along the roads. People 13 to walk or take the bus because there was no subway. But great changes 14 place in recent years. The city 15 more green spaces. A new subway line has also been built. Now it is much easier to get around. I love my city! 11. A. is B. was C. were D. are → [C] 解析：In the past用一般过去时，streets是复数，用were。 12. A. used B. use C. is used D. using → [A] 解析：There used to be是固定句型，表示"过去有……"。 13. A. have B. has C. had D. having → [C] 解析：描述过去的出行方式，用一般过去时had to。 14. A. take B. have taken C. took D. are taking → [B] 解析：in recent years是现在完成时标志，表示"近年来"发生的变化。 15. A. has created B. created C. creates D. will create → [A] 解析：强调"已经创造"的结果，用现在完成时has created。 四、书面表达（10分） 题目：Changes in My Life 要求： 1. 描述你生活中过去和现在的至少两个变化 1. 使用现在完成时和used to do结构 1. 词数：80词左右 参考范文： Great changes have taken place in my life since I entered middle school. I used to be very shy and afraid of speaking in public. But I have changed a lot. Now I can give a speech in front of the class without feeling nervous. Also, my study habits have improved. I used to spend too much time on games, but now I have learned to manage my time better. I am happy about these changes. They have made me a better person. 范文解析： 时态运用：have taken place（现在完成时），used to be / used to spend（过去常常），have changed / have improved / have learned（现在完成时强调结果） 结构清晰：总起 → 两个具体变化（性格 + 学习习惯）→ 总结感受 词汇亮点：in public, manage my time, give a speech, a better person 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $