Unit 2 Friendship语法讲解 导学案-2026-2027学年冀教版英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习

Unit2 Friendship语法讲解与练习 过去将来时详细讲解 一、时态本质（彻底搞懂核心逻辑） 1. 精准定义 过去将来时：立足过去某个时间节点，描述在这个过去视角下，即将发生、计划发生、注定发生的动作或状态。 核心属性：相对性时态，绝对不能单独使用。句子中必须有一个过去的动作/过去时间作为参照基准（如 said, thought, hoped, promised, asked, decided 等）。 2. 时态时间轴对比（必考区分） 一般将来时（will do）立足现在 → 看未来（现在之后的动作） 过去将来时（would do）立足过去 → 看过去的未来(过去某个时间之后的动作） 3. 通俗口诀 现在看以后用 will；过去看以后用 would。 二、五大结构 结构一：would +动词原形（最基础、最高频、单元核心） 1. 完整句式公式 肯定句：主语+ would +动词原形+其他 否定句：主语+ would not（wouldn’t）+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句：Would + 主语 + 动词原形+ 其他？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ would +主语+动词原形+其他？ 2. 核心用法（2大必考场景） 用法1：单纯表示过去视角下将要发生的动作（无计划、无预兆，单纯预判、承诺、想法） *He promised that he would always be my best friend. （他承诺会一直做我最好的朋友。） 解析：promised（过去参照），站在“承诺的那一刻”，看之后的未来，用would。 *I hoped that we would keep our friendship forever. （我希望我们能永远维系友谊。） 用法2：描述过去经常性、习惯性动作（相当于“过去总会……”） *When I was upset, my friend would cheer me up. （以前我难过时，朋友总会安慰我。） 解析：would 表过去习惯，侧重过去反复发生的暖心行为，贴合友谊单元语境。 3. 关键规则 ✅ 所有人称通用 would（I/you/he/we/they 无变化） ✅ would 后必须加动词原形，禁止加 to / doing / done 结构二：was/were going to +动词原形（计划、预兆专用） A. 句式公式 肯定：主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 否定：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t going to + 动词原形 疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ B. 两大核心含义（考试必考辨析） 含义1：过去已有计划、打算做某事（提前规划好的行为） I was going to invite my deskmate to take part in the friendship party. （我原本打算邀请同桌参加友谊派对。） 含义2：过去根据迹象、状态预判即将发生某事（有依据的预判） The sky was dark. It was going to rain, so we decided to stay at home with our friends.（天色阴沉，眼看要下雨，所以我们决定和朋友待在家里。） 3. 超级易错考点（高频挖坑） was/were going to搭配转折词but 暗含“计划最终未实现”： I was going to meet my old friend, but I had a sudden illness. （我本来要去见老朋友，结果突然生病了。→ 最终没见到） 4. would vs was/were going to 终极对比 *would：单纯说“过去将会”，无计划、无预兆，多表承诺、想法、习惯 *was/were going to：有计划、有迹象，大概率事与愿违 结构三：was/were +位移动词-ing（既定安排、即将出发） 1. 适用动词（固定清单，必须背诵） come, go, leave, arrive, start, meet, fly, return 2. 核心含义 表示过去已经敲定/提前安排好/确定无疑即将发生的动作,比going to确定性更强。 3. 单元贴合例句 She said she was coming to visit me on weekends.（她说她周末要来看我。） My best friend was leaving for Beijing the next day. （我最好的朋友第二天就要动身去北京了。） 结构四：was/were to +动词原形（正式安排、注定发生） 1. 适用场景（书面语、考题冷门但必考） 官方安排、约定俗成、命运注定、书面通知，多用于记叙文、正式叙事。 2. 例句 We were to hold a class meeting about friendship that afternoon. （我们原定那天下午举办友谊主题班会。） The two friends were to meet at the school gate. （两位朋友约定在校门口碰面。） 结构五：was/were about to +动词原形（即刻将来，必考句型） 1. 核心含义 表示过去马上、立刻就要做某事，时间间隔极短（一秒后即将发生）。 2. 高中黄金固定句型 be about to do sth. when… 正要做某事，突然…… I was about to call my friend when she knocked at my door. （我正要给朋友打电话，她突然敲响了我的门。） 3. 禁忌规则 ❌ was/were about to 后面绝对不能接具体时间状语（tomorrow, next week 等） 三、单元核心考点：直接引语变间接引语（时态转换） 本单元课文大量出现人物对话、转述他人想法，是过去将来时的最大考点。 1. 核心转换规则 主句谓语为过去式（said/told/thought/promised）→从句一般将来时will do全部变为 would do 2. 单元真题式例句对照 直接引语：My friend said, “I will help you whenever you are in trouble.” 间接引语：My friend said (that) he would help me whenever I was in trouble. 3. 配套时间状语100%转换（背诵清单） tomorrow → the next day / the following day next week/month/year → the next week/month/year now → then this → that here → there 4. 特殊不变规则（易错） 若从句表述客观真理、客观事实，时态不改为过去将来时。 The teacher said that true friendship lasts forever.（老师说真正的友谊地久天长。） 四、五大结构终极辨析表（刷题秒选神器） 结构 核心侧重点 语境关键词 would + do 单纯将会、过去习惯、承诺想法 hope, promise, think, always was/were going to do 过去计划、有迹象、大概率未实现 plan, look, but（转折） was/were doing 既定安排、即将动身（位移动词） arrange, schedule was/were to do 正式约定、官方安排、注定 rule, agreement, announce was/were about to do 即刻马上发生，瞬间动作 when（突然） 五、高频易错点 易错点1：绝对不能单独使用 ❌ 错误：He would accompany me.（无过去参照，时态不成立） ✅ 正确：He said he would accompany me.（有过去动作said作参照） 易错点2：would 后无变形 ❌ would to do / would doing / would did ✅ would + 动词原形（唯一正确形式） 易错点3：be about to 不接时间状语 ❌ He was about to leave tomorrow. ✅ He was about to leave when it rained. 易错点4：混淆过去习惯用法 would 表过去习惯，只接动作动词；状态动词（be, have, know）只能用 used to，不能用would。 ❌ He would be my friend. ✅ He used to be my friend. 【巩固练习】 第一大题：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My best friend promised that he ________ (support) me in any difficulty. 2. I ________ (join) the friendship club after school, but my mother asked me to go home early. 3. The teacher ________ (announce) the result when we entered the classroom. 4. She said she ________ (visit) her old deskmate the next weekend. 5. We ________ (have) a picnic with friends, but it rained suddenly. 6. He told me he ________ (never forget) our precious friendship. 7. When I was a child, I ________ (share) my happiness with my best friend every day. 8. They ________ (hold) a class party about friendship that Friday. 9. I ________ (call) my friend when he appeared in front of me. 10. She hoped that we ________ (keep) in touch with each other after graduation. 11. Tom ________ (apologize) to his friend, but he was too shy at last. 12. The two friends ________ (meet) at the bookstore as they planned before. 13. He said the sun ________ (rise) in the east and true friendship never fades. 14. We ________ (learn) more about how to get along with friends in the next class. 15. Lucy ________ (leave) for her hometown and wanted to say goodbye to all friends. 16. I thought my friends ________ (understand) my choice finally. 17. They _______ (take) part in the friendship speech competition, but one of them fell ill. 18. The monitor ________ (organize) a team game when the bell rang. 19. He promised he ________ (be) honest to every friend around him. 20. We ________ (spend) our weekend together, but the weather turned bad. 21. She said she ________ (try) her best to help her friends in need. 22. In the past, whenever I was lonely, my friend ________ (keep) me company. 23. The students ________ (discuss) the meaning of friendship in the next group work. 24. I ________ (write) a letter to my old friend, but I lost my pen. 25. They ________ (arrive) at the park to meet their friends soon. 26. He didn’t know what ________ (happen) to their friendship in the future. 27. We ________ (make) new friends in the new school as our teacher told us. 28. She ________ (forgive) her friend for his mistake, but she changed her mind. 29. The club members ________ (practice) their show for the friendship party when it began to rain. 30. All of us hoped that our friendship ________ (last) forever. 第二大题：单项选择题 1. He said he ______ me with my English study later. A. will help B. would help C. helped D. was helping 2. I ______ go to the cinema with my friend, but I had to finish my homework. A. was going to B. would C. am going to D. will 3. She ______ when someone knocked at the door. A. was about to leave B. is leaving C. would leave D. left 4. They hoped their friendship ______ longer than anything else. A. last B. will last C. would last D. lasted 5. The two classmates ______ meet at the school gate as the teacher arranged. A. were to B. would C. are to D. will 6. When I was young, I ______ talk about my secrets with my best friend. A. was going to B. would C. was about to D. were to 7. He told us that he ______ for Beijing the next day. A. was leaving B. will leave C. leave D. left 8. I ______ call you, but I forgot your phone number. A. would B. was going to C. am about to D. will 9. No one knew what ______ happen between the two close friends. A. will B. would C. is going to D. was 10. She ______ take part in the activity, but her illness stopped her. A. was going to B. would C. is about to D. will 11. We ______ have a discussion about friendship when the bell rang. A. would B. were about to C. were to D. was going to 12. My father promised he ______ accompany me to visit my old friend. A. will B. would C. is going to D. was 13. They ______ hold a charity activity with their friends that weekend. A. were to B. would C. are to D. will 14. It ______ rain, so we canceled our friend gathering plan. A. was going to B. would C. is going to D. will 15. He said that practice ______ perfect, so he kept practicing with friends. A. makes B. made C. would make D. will make 16. In the past, my friends ______ always cheer me up when I was sad. A. were going to B. would C. were about to D. were to 17. She ______ her hometown with her best friend the next morning. A. was leaving B. will leave C. leave D. left 18. I ______ believe in our friendship forever at that time. A. will B. would C. am going to D. was 19. They ______ solve the problem together, but they had a quarrel finally. A. were going to B. would C. are about to D. will 20. We ______ learn to treasure friendship in the next lesson. A. would B. were to C. was going to D. will 第三大题：汉译英句子翻译 1. 他告诉我他会永远珍惜我们的友谊。 ________________________________________________ 2. 我原本打算和好朋友一起度过周末。 ________________________________________________ 3. 她正要给朋友发消息，突然手机没电了。 ________________________________________________ 4. 我们当时希望彼此毕业后能保持联系。 ________________________________________________ 5. 老师说我们下节课将讨论朋友之间的信任。 ________________________________________________ 6. 他们约定好在校门口碰面参加友谊班会。 ________________________________________________ 7. 以前每当我遇到困难，我的朋友总会帮助我。 ________________________________________________ 8. 我原本要原谅我的朋友，但是他再次犯错了。 ________________________________________________ 9. 没人知道这段珍贵的友谊未来会怎样。 ________________________________________________ 10. 她当时打算邀请所有好友来参加她的生日聚会。 ________________________________________________ Keys 第一大题 1. would support 2. was going to join 3. was about to announce 4. would visit 5. were going to have 6. would never forget 7. would share 8. were to hold 9. was about to call 10. would keep 11. was going to apologize 12. were to meet 13. rises 14. would learn 15. was leaving 16. would understand 17. were going to take 18. was about to organize 19. would be 20. were going to spend 21. would try 22. would keep 23. would discuss 24. was going to write 25. were arriving 26. would happen 27. would make 28. was going to forgive 29. were about to practice 30. would last 第二大题 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B 第三大题 1.He told me that he would treasure our friendship forever. 2.I was going to spend the weekend with my good friends. 3.She was about to send a message to her friend when her phone ran out of battery. 4.We hoped that we would keep in touch with each other after graduation. 5.The teacher said we would discuss trust between friends in the next class. 6.They were to meet at the school gate to attend the friendship class meeting. 7.Whenever I met with difficulties, my friends would help me. 8.I was going to forgive my friend, but he made another mistake again. 9.No one knew what would happen to this precious friendship. 10.She was going to invite all her good friends to her birthday party。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $