Unit 4 Culture and Cultural Diversity语法讲解 导学案-2026-2027学年冀教版英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习

Unit4 Culture and Cultural Diversity讲解与练习 现在完成时的被动语态讲解 （一）定义 现在完成时的被动语态是高中英语核心重难点，融合了现在完成时的时间逻辑和被动语态的主谓逻辑。 主语为动作的承受者，重点不强调动作执行者和动作发生的具体过去时间，只聚焦两个核心：①过去发生的被动动作，对现在产生固定结果、状态、影响； ②被动动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在。 侧重表达：动作已经被完成，且对现在造成影响/结果； 或动作从过去持续到现在，主语为动作承受者。 核心解题底层逻辑（必背）：不看过去、不看过程、不看正在进行，只看过去动作影响现在和动作持续至今两大核心，是区别于所有时态被动的关键。 （二）必备标志词 句中出现以下时间状语,且主语为动作承受者,优先选用现在完成时被动语态,分为 两大类别，适配不同用法： 1.完成影响类（表动作已完成，影响现在）： already（已经，肯定句），yet（尚未，否定/疑问句），just（刚刚），recently/lately（最近），several times（数次） 2.持续时段类（表动作持续至今）： so far（到目前为止），up to now/until now（迄今为止）， in the past/last few years（过去几年里），for+时间段，since+时间点/从句 （三）核心结构（必考公式） 唯一核心必考结构：have/has + been +过去分词（done） 三段式精准拆解,缺一不可: have/has：界定现在完成时态。单数主语、不可数名词、不定代词用has；复数主语、人称代词复数用have，是主谓一致唯一判断依据。 been：界定被动语态属性，是最大高频易错点！现在完成被动语态中been绝对不可省略。 done（过去分词）：固化被动动作含义，无时态、人称变化。 （四）四种基础句式结构 句式 结构公式 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been done Many traditional cultures have been protected. 许多传统文化已得到保护。 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been done The truth has not been found yet. 真相尚未被发现。 一般疑问句 Have/Has +主语 + been done? Has the report been finished? 报告已经写完了吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has +主语+ been done? What has been changed so far? 到目前为止什么被改变了？ （五）两大核心用法 用法1：已完成的被动动作，对现在有影响 动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，已经彻底结束，重点强调该动作对当下造成的结果、状态、改变，无需搭配延续性时间状语。常用来解释“现在为什么是这个状态”。 Many old buildings have been repaired. 许多古建筑已经修缮完毕。 深层解析：修缮动作发生在过去，现已完成，直接导致现在建筑完好可用的状态，贴合完成被动的核心用法。 用法2：动作从过去持续到现在（可延续） 动作从过去某一时间点开始，不间断持续到现在，常搭配 for+时间段、since+时间点/从句。必考限制：非延续性动词被动语态，不可与时间段连用，必须转换为延续性状态。 This custom has been kept for hundreds of years. 这个习俗已经被传承数百年。 拓展考点：瞬间动词（finish/start/buy）被动不可接时间段， 需替换：The work has been finished for 3 days.（×） → The work has been over for 3 days.（√） （六）重难点、易错点深度辨析 1. 三大高频被动时态终极辨析 am/is/are being done（现在进行被动）：动作正在进行、尚未完成，侧重过程，适配now、look、listen等即时标志词。 have/has been done（现在完成被动）：动作已完成、有现在结果，侧重结果/持续状态，适配so far、yet、recently等完成时标志词。 am/is/are done（一般现在被动）：表常态、习惯性、客观真理，无时间限制、无完成概念，侧重固定属性。 2. 主谓一致精准细则 统一用has been done：单数可数名词、不可数名词、everything/nothing/something/anyone等不定代词、单个动名词/从句作主语。 统一用have been done：复数可数名词、we/you/they、多个并列主语、复数不定代词（all、many、some）作主语。 3. 零被动、零完成被动禁忌动词 所有表状态、归属、发生、度量的静态动词，无被动语态、无完成被动语态，永远主动表被动含义。 高频必考词：belong to（属于），happen（发生），take place（发生），occur（发生），last（持续），cost（花费），fit（合适），weigh（重量） 错误示范：Great changes have been taken place in our city. (×) 正确示范：Great changes have taken place in our city. (√) 我市发生了巨大变化。 4. 副词精准位置规则 频率副词、时间副词（always、already、just、never、ever、often）固定置于have/has 和 been 中间，为唯一标准语序，不可前置或后置。 正确例句：Traditional arts have always been respected. 传统艺术一直备受尊崇。 错误例句：Traditional arts always have been respected. (×) （七）主动变被动转换规则 1.时态转换公式:主动现在完成时(have/has done)→ 被动现在完成时(have/has been done） 2.完整句式转换：主动宾语变被动主语，主动主语变by短语（可省略） 满分解题四步法（所有题型通用） ① 判语态：主语是动作承受者→用被动； ② 判时态：有完成时标志词→用现在完成时； ③ 定结构：套公式have/has been done； ④ 查细节：主谓一致、副词位置、动词拼写、是否禁忌动词。 【配套专项练习题】 大题一：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Many cultural relics ________ (protect) well so far. 2. A new museum ________ (build) in our city in the past two years. 3. Lots of traditional stories ________ (pass) down from generation to generation. 4. The problem of cultural loss ________ (not, solve) yet. 5. Many foreign festivals ________ (introduce) into China recently. 6. This old tradition ________ (keep) alive for over 100 years. 7. Some ancient poems ________ (translate) into English so far. 8. All the tickets ________ (sell) out already. 9. Much cultural knowledge ________ (learn) by students in recent years. 10. The local custom ________ (study) by many experts. 11. Many new rules ________ (make) to protect traditional culture. 12. This kind of art ________ (not, widely, know) before. 13. Several cultural activities ________ (hold) in our school lately. 14. The history of the city ________ (record) completely. 15. Many old houses ________ (repair) in the old town. 16. New words ________ (add) to the dictionary already. 17. The value of traditional culture ________ (realize) by more people. 18. No mistake ________ (find) in the cultural report yet. 19. Many folk songs ________ (collect) by musicians. 20. The ancient bridge ________ (preserve) very well. 21. A lot of cultural films ________ (produce) these years. 22. The meaning of this festival ________ (explain) clearly. 23. Some rare crafts ________ (save) from disappearing. 24. Foreign cultures ________ (accept) by Chinese youth gradually. 25. The local language ________ (protect) by the government. 26. Many cultural books ________ (publish) recently. 27. The cause of cultural difference ________ (research) for years. 28. All the cultural relics ________ (check) carefully. 29. This tradition ________ (follow) by local people for centuries. 30. New cultural programs ________ (show) on TV so far. 大题二：单项选择 1. So far, many ancient buildings ________ in our hometown. A. rebuilt B. are rebuilt C. have been rebuilt D. were rebuilt 2. Great changes ________ in cultural education in the past few years. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. are taken place 3. —Why is the room so clean? —It ________ already. A. has cleaned B. has been cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 4. Many traditional skills ________ by young people nowadays. A. have been valued B. are valuing C. valued D. have valued 5. This old story ________ for hundreds of years. A. is told B. has been told C. was told D. had told 6. Up to now, more than 100 cultural sites ________. A. have protected B. protected C. have been protected D. are protecting 7. The problem of cultural diversity ________ yet. A. hasn’t solved B. isn’t solved C. hasn’t been solved D. wasn’t solved 8. Several new cultural exhibitions ________ in our city recently. A. have been held B. held C. are held D. were holding 9. A lot of folk art ________ because of people’s efforts. A. has saved B. has been saved C. saves D. saved 10. Many foreign languages ________ in our school since 2020. A. have taught B. are taught C. have been taught D. were taught 11. All the cultural materials ________, so we can start our work. A. have been prepared B. prepared C. are preparing D. were prepared 12. This custom ________ for a long time. A. is kept B. was kept C. has been kept D. keeps 13. —Has the new cultural plan ________? —Yes, it has. A. made B. been made C. been making D. make 14. Many ancient poems ________ into many languages. A. have translated B. translated C. have been translated D. are translating 15. The importance of culture ________ by more teenagers in recent years. A. has been realized B. realizes C. is realized D. realized 16. Some old cultural habits ________ already. A. have changed B. have been changed C. changed D. are changing 17. No waste ________ in the cultural museum up to now. A. is allowed B. was allowed C. has been allowed D. allows 18. More cultural activities ________ to enrich students’ school life lately. A. have been organized B. organized C. are organized D. organize 19. This traditional food ________ for many centuries. A. is made B. was made C. has been made D. made 20. Many cultural differences ________ through communication. A. have been understood B. understand C. are understood D. understood 大题三：句子翻译 1. 到目前为止，许多传统文化已经被很好地保护。 ___________________________________________________ 2. 在过去的几年里，我们城市举办了许多文化活动。 ___________________________________________________ 3. 一些古老的习俗已经被年轻人逐渐遗忘。 ___________________________________________________ 4. 至今为止，大量的民间故事已经被收集和记录。 ___________________________________________________ 5. 文化多样性的价值已经被人们广泛认识。 ___________________________________________________ 6. Many traditional art forms have been introduced to foreign countries. ___________________________________________________ 7. The ancient cultural relics have been well preserved by the local government. ___________________________________________________ 8. Some cultural problems have not been completely solved yet. ___________________________________________________ 9. Great progress has been made in cultural communication recently. ___________________________________________________ 10. The meaning of traditional festivals has been passed down for thousands of years. ___________________________________________________ Keys （一）单词正确形式填空 1. have been protected 2. has been built 3. have been passed 4. has not been solved / hasn’t been solved 5. have been introduced 6. has been kept 7. have been translated 8. have been sold 9. has been learned / has been learnt 10. has been studied 11. have been made 12. has not been widely known / hasn’t been widely known 13. have been held 14. has been recorded 15. have been repaired 16. have been added 17. has been realized 18. has been found 19. have been collected 20. has been preserved 21. have been produced 22. has been explained 23. have been saved 24. have been accepted 25. has been protected 26. have been published 27. has been researched 28. have been checked 29. has been followed 30. have been shown （二）单项选择 1-5CABAB 6-10CCABC 11-15ACBCA 16-20ACACA （三）句子翻译 1. So far, many traditional cultures have been well protected. 2. Many cultural activities have been held in our city in the past few years. 3. Some ancient customs have been gradually forgotten by young people. 4. Up to now, a large number of folk stories have been collected and recorded. 5. The value of cultural diversity has been widely realized by people. 6. 许多传统艺术形式已经被引进到国外。 7. 这些古老的文化遗迹已经被当地政府妥善保护。 8. 一些文化问题尚未被彻底解决。 9. 近期，文化交流方面已经取得了巨大进步。 10. 传统节日的意义已经被传承了数千年。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $