Unit 5 Natural Disaster 语法讲解导学案-2026-2027学年冀教版高中英语必修第一册(新高一)新课预习

Unit5 Natural Disaster语法讲解与练习 关系代词引导的限定性定语从句超详讲 （一）核心定义与基础概念 限定性定语从句是紧跟在先行词后，无逗号分隔，用来限定、修饰、明确主句中的名词/代词（先行词），缩小指代范围，是主句不可或缺的成分，删除后主句语义不完整、指代模糊。 三大核心术语（做题必备）： 1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词，永远出现在定语从句前方； 2.关系代词：引导限定性定语从句的连接词，指代先行词、在从句中充当成分、连接主从句； 3.从句：修饰先行词的完整短句，语序永远为陈述语序。 关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose引导的限定性定语从句(无逗号,不可省略）。 （二）五大关系代词精准用法（表格必考汇总） 选词两大核心依据：①看先行词（人/物）；②看关系代词在从句中所作成分（主/宾/定） 关系代词 指代对象 从句中成分 可否省略 单元例句（自然灾害主题） who 人 主语、宾语 作主语不可省；作宾语可省 The rescuers who help people in disasters are brave. 救灾的救援人员十分勇敢。 whom 人 仅宾语 可省 The victims whom we helped have returned home. which 物、动物 主语、宾语 作主语不可省;作宾语可省 The flood which hit the city caused great damage. 袭击这座城市的洪水造成了巨大损失 that 人/物通用 主语、宾语 作主语不可省;作宾语可省 The earthquake that happened last night was strong. 昨晚发生的地震震级很大。 whose 人/物通用 定语(表所属) 不可省 We helped the family whose house was destroyed by the storm. 我们帮助了房屋被暴风雨摧毁的家庭。 （三）核心句法重难点深度精讲 1.绝对语序规则 限定性定语从句永远使用陈述语序，绝不倒装。 语序公式：关系代词+从句主语+从句谓语+其他。 核心原理：关系代词已经占据从句首位,后面必须恢复正常陈述句语序,不能出现疑问倒装语序。 ✅ 正确：The wind which blew fiercely destroyed many trees.（陈述语序） 2. 关系代词省略终极规则（填空超级易错点） 唯一可省略条件：who / whom / which / that 在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略，绝对不可省略条件：①关系代词作从句主语；②whose作定语表所属。 口诀：主不可省、定不可省，宾可省。 例句对比： ✅ 可省略（作宾语）：The help (that/which) we received was useful. ❌ 不可省略（作主语）：The help that came from the public was useful. 3. 定语从句主谓一致【黄金准则】 定语从句的谓语动词只跟随先行词单复数变化，与主句主语彻底无关， ✅ 先行词单数/不可数 → 从句谓语单数形式 ✅ 先行词复数 → 从句谓语复数形式 精准例句： 1. The man who helps disaster victims is kind. （先行词the man 单数→谓语单数helps） 2. The volunteers who help disaster victims are kind. （先行词volunteers 复数→谓语复数help） 3.He is one of the students who have taken part in rescue work. （先行词students复数→复数谓语） He is the only one of the students who has taken part in rescue work. （先行词the only one单数→单数谓语） 4. 限定性定语从句【只用that】五大必考场景 核心口诀:不定代词,最高级,序数词,唯一修饰,人+物共存,只用that禁止用which/who： ① 先行词为不定代词 适用先行词：all, little, few, much, none, everything, nothing, anything, something等 语法规则：当先行词是以上不定代词时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which 例句1：Everything that he said is true.他所说的一切都是真的。 例句2：There is little that we can do to help him.我们能帮到他的事情寥寥无几。 例句3：All that glitters is not gold.发光的未必都是金子。 ② 先行词被最高级修饰 常见修饰词：the best, the worst, the most, the least等最高级结构 语法规则：先行词被形容词/副词最高级修饰，关系代词只用that 例句1：This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited. 这是我参观过最美的公园。 例句2：He is the best student that I have taught. 他是我教过最优秀的学生。 ③ 先行词被序数词修饰 常见修饰词：the first, the last, the second, the third等序数词 语法规则：先行词被序数词修饰，关系代词固定用that 例句1：It is the first book that I bought by myself.这是我自己买的第一本书。 例句2：The last thing that he wants is to quarrel.他最不想做的事情就是争吵。 ④ 先行词被限定词修饰 常见修饰词：the only, the very, the just（正是、唯一） 语法规则：先行词被以上特指限定词修饰，只能用that 例句1：This is the only chance that we have. 翻译：这是我们仅有的一次机会。 例句2：It is the very pen that I lost yesterday. 翻译：这正是我昨天弄丢的那支钢笔。 ⑤ 先行词同时包含【人+物】 语法规则:当先行词既有人,又有物时,只能用that,兼顾人和物,which只能指代物 例句1：We talked about the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们聊了我们拜访过的老师和学校。 例句2：I still remember the people and things that impressed me most. 我依然记得那些让我印象深刻的人和事。 5. whose 全能用法 whose 是唯一表所属关系的关系代词，既可指人、也可指物，在从句中只能作定语、不可省略。 公式转换：whose +名词 = of which + the +名词 例句： The house whose roof was broken is being repaired. = The house of which the roof was broken is being repaired. （四）易混语法终极辨析（满分必背） 定语从句 VS 简单句 很多学生误用双谓语：一个简单句只能有一套主谓！ ❌ 错：The flood hit the city was terrible.（双谓语，语法错误） ✅ 对：The flood that/which hit the city was terrible.（从句化解双谓语） （五）解题满分四步法 第一步：判句式——观察句子是否双谓语，需要关系代词连接主从句； 第二步：定先行词——锁定修饰对象，区分【人/物】； 第三步：析从句成分——判断缺主语、宾语还是定语； 第四步：套特殊规则——核对最高级、only、不定代词，锁定that专属场景，检查主谓一致。 【配套专项练习题】 大题一：用所给单词的正确形式填空 根据句意填入合适的关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose），部分题可多答案，填写最优答案即可。 1. The people ________ suffered from the flood received lots of help. 2. The storm ________ hit the village destroyed many houses. 3. The rescuers ________ we met yesterday were very brave. 4. This is the disaster report ________ I wrote last week. 5. The family ________ home was ruined by the earthquake moved to a new town. 6. Anything ________ can help the victims is welcome. 7. The firefighters ________ put out the fire won high praise. 8. The supplies ________ were sent to the area were very useful. 9. The old man ________ we saved from the ruins is safe now. 10. The typhoon ________ lasted three days caused great losses. 11. All ________ we can do is to support the disaster area. 12. The doctor ________ works in the disaster area is very selfless. 13. The bridge ________ was broken in the flood has been rebuilt. 14. The child ________ parents were lost in the disaster is well cared for. 15. The video ________ shows the rescue process is touching. 16. The volunteers ________ help homeless people deserve respect. 17. This is the only way ________ can help us avoid natural disasters. 18. The dog ________ saved its owner from the fire is very smart. 19. The expert ________ we consulted gave us useful advice. 20. No one ________ knows the danger will take risks. 21. The forest fire ________ broke out last month was terrible. 22. The medicine ________ the victims need has arrived. 23. The student ________ homework is about disaster protection got full marks. 24. The worst earthquake ________ happened in this area shocked the whole country. 25. The tools ________ rescuers use are very professional. 26. The lady ________ helped the injured people is a nurse. 27. The news ________ we heard just now is about disaster relief. 28. The ship ________ was caught in the storm finally returned safely. 29. Every person ________ joins the rescue team is admirable. 30. The shelter ________ provides houses for victims is well equipped. 大题二：单项选择题 1. The man ________ helped many flood victims is a volunteer. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 2. The flood ________ happened last week destroyed many crops. A. what B. who C. which D. whose 3. This is the best report ________ I have ever read about natural disasters. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 4. The students ________ we taught disaster knowledge have learned a lot. A. which B. whose C. whom D. what 5. The house ________ window was broken in the storm has been repaired. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 6. All ________ is needed is enough food and water for the victims. A. that B. which C. what D. who 7. The firefighters ________ work is dangerous never give up. A. who B. whose C. which D. that 8. The typhoon ________ many people are talking about is very powerful. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 9. There is nothing ________ can stop us from helping disaster areas. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 10. The doctor ________ we met in the shelter saved many lives. A. whom B. whose C. which D. what 11. The only thing ________ matters is people’s safety during disasters. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 12. The trees ________ grow on the mountain can stop floods. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 13. The old lady ________ lost her home in the earthquake is taken good care of. A. which B. whose C. who D. what 14. The supplies ________ they sent are very helpful to the victims. A. that B. what C. who D. whose 15. The team ________ members are all young finished the rescue task successfully. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 16. This is the village ________ was seriously damaged by the storm. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 17. Everyone ________ has a kind heart will help people in need. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 18. The video ________ we watched shows real rescue scenes. A. what B. who C. which D. whose 19. The most serious disaster ________ they have experienced is the big flood. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 20. The policeman ________ we thanked is responsible and brave. A. whom B. whose C. which D. what 大题三：句子翻译 1. 帮助灾民的志愿者值得我们尊敬。 _______________________________________________ 2. 上周发生的暴风雨造成了巨大的损失。 _______________________________________________ 3. 这是唯一能保护我们免受自然灾害伤害的方法。 _______________________________________________ 4. 房屋被地震摧毁的人们住进了临时避难所。 _______________________________________________ 5. 我们收到的物资对灾区人民非常重要。 _______________________________________________ 6. The firefighters who work hard in disaster areas are our heroes. _______________________________________________ 7. The flood which hit this city has finally disappeared. _______________________________________________ 8. All that we can do is to pray for the safety of the victims. _______________________________________________ 9. The expert whose advice we followed helped us avoid huge losses. _______________________________________________ 10. The photos that were taken after the disaster are very moving. _______________________________________________ Keys （一）单词正确形式填空 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. whom/who/that 4. which/that 5. whose 6. that 7. who/that 8. which/that 9. whom/who/that 10. which/that 11. that 12. who/that 13. which/that 14. whose 15. which/that 16. who/that 17. that 18. which/that 19. whom/who/that 20. who/that 21. which/that 22. which/that 23. whose 24. that 25. which/that 26. who/that 27. which/that 28. which/that 29. who/that 30. which/that （二）单项选择 1-5BCACD 6-10ABABA 11-15CBCAD 16-20ABCDA （三）句子翻译 1. The volunteers who help disaster victims deserve our respect. 2. The storm which/that happened last week caused great losses. 3. This is the only way that can protect us from natural disasters. 4. People whose homes were destroyed by the earthquake moved into temporary shelters. 5. The supplies that/which we received are very important for people in the disaster area. 6. 在灾区辛勤工作的消防员是我们的英雄。 7. 袭击这座城市的洪水终于消退了。 8. 我们所能做的一切就是为灾民的安全祈祷。 9. 我们听从其建议的这位专家帮助我们避免了巨大损失。 10. 灾难后拍摄的照片十分感人。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $