必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION(课时作业Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案（创新版）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语阅读理解核心题型，通过科普主题语篇系统训练细节理解、推理判断等解题能力，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇（12题）|段落大意题抓定义表述，细节理解题定位关键信息，词义猜测题依托上下文逻辑，推理判断题结合原文分析，主旨大意题概括语篇核心|以陨石、火星探索、月球水等科普主题为载体，构建"概念认知-信息提取-逻辑推理"能力链条，培养科学文本解读能力| |阅读七选五|1篇（5题）|过渡句承上启下，主题句统领段落，通过语境线索（因果、转折）匹配选项|围绕高温锻炼利弊展开，训练语篇衔接与逻辑连贯能力，提升语篇建构思维|

限时规范训练(15) (建议用时：30分钟　满分：42.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2026·广东部分学校模拟)A meteor is an ancient space rock that falls to Earth. As it races through the atmosphere, both the rock and the air around it heat up and produce light. A fireball is an exceptionally bright meteor. Although millions of meteors enter Earth's atmosphere daily, most are very small and burn into dust. However, parts of larger meteors may survive and hit the ground without burning up; these are called meteorites. On June 26th, a fireball passing through the atmosphere over the southeastern US drew people's attention across seven states. Although fireballs are typically observed at night, this one was exceptionally bright­visible even during the day. It also generated a powerful sonic boom (音爆), caused by travelling faster than sound, which many misinterpreted as an earthquake. However, one house in McDonough, Georgia experienced a much closer encounter: Several small meteorites shot through its roof. One piece, roughly the size of a cherry tomato, went through a metal tube, passed through the ceiling, and landed on the floor—just 4.25 meters away from the homeowner. Scientists from the University of Georgia(UGA)contacted the homeowner to study the impact and the meteorite. According to UGA geologist Scott Harris, the rock may have been moving at speeds up to 3，600 kph when it struck the house. Although part of the meteorite was pulverized upon impact, UGA obtained 23 grams of the total 50 grams of recovered space rock from the house. Harris conducted an analysis of the rock. Harris identified it as an ordinary chondrite—a stony meteorite composed of material dating back to the formation of our Solar System. His tests indicate it's about 4.56 billion years old, making it about 20 million years older than Earth. Harris believes the meteorite originated from a larger asteroid (小行星) in the belt between Mars and Jupiter, which broke apart around 470 million years ago. It's expected to be officially named the McDonough Meteorite, following the convention of naming meteorites after where they land. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一颗异常明亮的火流星在白天划过天空并产生音爆，其碎片击中了佐治亚州的一栋房屋。随后，佐治亚大学的科学家对回收的陨石碎片进行了分析，确定了其古老的年龄、分类及可能的来源，并打算以其坠落地点为其命名。 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about？(　　) A．The brightness and frequency of fireballs. B．The definitions of meteors and meteorites. C．The effects of meteors' entering atmosphere. D．The formation and composition of meteorites. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第一段可知，第一段主要介绍了流星(meteor)和陨石(meteorite)的概念。流星是进入地球大气层的古老太空岩石，在穿越大气层时会发热并产生光。而陨石则是那些较大流星的一部分，它们在穿越大气层后没有完全燃烧，最终落到地面上。 2．What was special about the meteor on June 26th？(　　) A．It was spotted in daylight. B．It caused an actual earthquake. C．It was believed to travel slower. D．It crashed into a house directly. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Although fireballs are ... during the day.”可知，这颗6月26日的流星的特殊之处在于它非常明亮，甚至在白天都能看到。 3．What does the underlined word “pulverized” in paragraph 4 mean？(　　) A．Preserved. B．Searched. C．Destroyed. D．Collected. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面“UGA obtained 23 grams of the total 50 grams of recovered space rock from the house”可知，尽管这颗陨石的一部分在撞击时被粉碎，但从这栋房子里回收的50克陨石碎块中，佐治亚大学(UGA)获得了23克。因此，画线词pulverized的含义是“毁坏的”，与C项含义最为一致。 4．What did UGA gain the pieces of the meteorite to do？(　　) A．Protect them from further damage. B．Confirm their potential safety risks. C．Measure their precise weight and size. D．Determine their classification and origin. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists from the University of Georgia (UGA) contacted the homeowner to study the impact and the meteorite.”以及第五段可推知，UGA获得陨石碎片是为了研究陨石的撞击情况以及陨石本身。他们对陨石进行了分析，确定了它的分类(普通球粒陨石)和起源(火星和木星之间的小行星带)。 B (2026·云南昆明一中模拟)A trip to Mars is an ultimate packing challenge. Six astronauts on an eight­month trip to Mars will need at least 18，000 kilograms of water for drinking and washing. They'll also need water to protect against rays. These rays can pass right through metal spaceship walls and damage living cells. That's a lot of water. And launching items into space is expensive. It costs about $33，000 to send one cup of water to Mars. But a layer of water placed around the ship can block the rays. Inside a spaceship, the walls have pockets like a big honeycomb, inside which water, dried food and algae (海藻) make hard walls and great radiation protection. And what if the same water could be reused again and again? Flynn, an engineer at NASA, calls his packed­pocket ideal Water Walls. He hopes it will help make a manned mission to Mars a reality very soon. New Water for Old Recycling pee (尿) into drinking water is nothing new. To get clean water again, you just need to filter (过滤) out the extra stuff. As water recycling expert Sherwin Gormly explains, “Filter bags in the Water Walls will take your pee, digest it, and give you back clean water and dry solids.” Water that gets into the air when astronauts breathe and sweat will be recaptured by salt­filled bags. As damp air moves past, the salt absorbs the water to be recycled again for drinking. A Breath of Fresh Algae “Plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft, so we use algae，” Flynn says. Algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop (粪便) and sunlight, taking in carbon dioxide to make their food and giving off oxygen. This onboard recycling system has many advantages. It's tiny, efficient and won't break down. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现在发往火星的宇宙飞船上，通过生态循环的方式，如循环利用水资源和养殖海藻，将有助于很快实现载人火星任务。 5．What can Water Walls be used for？(　　) A．Storing food and saving space. B．Keeping out of rays and recycling water. C．Preventing astronauts from being attacked. D．Maintaining the environmental balance on Mars. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段“But a layer of water ... could be reused again and again？”可知，水墙既能抵御辐射，又能循环水。 6．What can we know about New Water for Old？(　　) A．Pee is purified for drinking. B． Sweat is gathered for cleaning. C．Waste water is disinfected with salt. D．Damp air is filtered by filter bags. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段“Recycling pee (尿) into drinking water is nothing new. To get clean water again, you just need to filter (过滤)out the extra stuff.”可知，尿液被净化后可饮用。 7．Why is algae applied in a spaceship on Mars？(　　) A．It can be an air cleaner. B．It can break down poop. C．It can be made into food. D．It can absorb various gases. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Algae will live in ... and giving off oxygen.”可知，藻类可以吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气，起到净化空气的作用。 8．What's the text mainly about？(　　) A．The challenge of sending water to Mars. B．The ecological cycle in a spaceship on Mars. C．The explorations made by humans on Mars. D．The approaches to turning Mars' rubbish into treasure. 解析：B　主旨大意题。根据第一段“A trip to Mars is an ultimate packing challenge.”及全文可知，科学家发现在发往火星的宇宙飞船上，通过生态循环的方式，如循环利用水资源和养殖海藻，将有助于很快实现载人火星任务。 C (2026·河北衡水二中模拟)The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected. And for the first time, the presence of water on the moon's sunlit surface has been confirmed, scientists reported. That's good news for astronauts at future lunar bases who could tap into these resources for drinking and making rocket fuel. More than 40，000 square kilometers of lunar surface have the capability to trap water in the form of ice, according to a team led by the University of Colorado's Paul Hayne. That's 20% more area than previous estimates, he said. These latest findings expand the possible landing spots for robots and astronauts. The presence of water in sunlit surfaces had been previously suggested, but not confirmed. The molecules (分子) are so far apart that they are in neither liquid nor solid form, said lead researcher Casey Honniball of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. And NASA's astrophysics director Paul Hertz said it's too soon to know whether this water—found in and around the southern hemisphere's sunlit Clavius Crater—would be accessible. As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon's north and south poles, temperatures are so low that they could hold onto the water for millions or even billions of years. These so­called cold traps get down to minus 163 degrees Celsius. Using data from NASA, the researchers identified the size of cold traps and used computer models to get all the way down to micrometers in size. “Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit, despite being vastly more numerous, we can't yet identify ice inside them，” Hayne said, “Once we're on the surface, we will do that experiment.” Scientists believe all this water on the moon came from comets, asteroids (小行星), interplanetary dust, the solar wind or even lunar volcanic eruptions. They'll have a better idea of the sources “if we can get down on the surface and analyze samples of the ice，” Hayne said. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现被阳光照射的月球表面存在水，同时还介绍了月球不同区域水的存在形式、分布以及水的来源等相关研究情况。 9．What can be inferred from the text？(　　) A．Water is extremely crucial for space exploration. B．Researchers identified cold traps using computers. C．Scientists knew well the sources of water on the moon. D．Cold traps are found in and around the southern hemisphere. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段“And for the first time, the presence of ... drinking and making rocket fuel.”可知，水对于太空探索极为重要。 10．What do we know from paragraphs 3 and 4？(　　) A．The presence of water hasn't been confirmed. B．Shadowed areas are abundant in frozen water. C．Water can be easy to obtain on the moon soon. D．Water molecules on the moon are closely connected. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段“As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon's north and south poles”可知，阴影区域富含冰冻水，故选B项。 11．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to？(　　) A．Data. B．Sunlit surfaces. C．Cold traps. D．Computer models. 解析：C　代词指代题。根据第五段“Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit, despite being vastly more numerous, we can't yet identify ice inside them”可知，“them”指代上文提到的“Cold traps(冷阱)”，即现在还无法识别冷阱内部的冰。 12．What is the main idea of the text？(　　) A．The sources of water on the moon. B．Water ice is widespread on the moon. C．Good news for astronauts at lunar bases. D．Moon holds more water than ever thought. 解析：D　主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第一段“The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected.”可知，所以文章主要讲月球上的水比以往认为的更多。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) (2026·湖北部分高中协作体模拟)The hot sun on your skin, sweat going into your eyes—anyone who has played a sport in the middle of summer knows it's not easy. And some people even think adding heat is a good way to get a better workout—like in hot yoga or hot Pilates, which are done in rooms as hot as 38 degrees Celsius. 1 The answer isn't as simple as a yes or no. There may be some benefits of exercising in high temperatures. It is believed that these works warm the muscles, which can help you avoid injuries. 2 This is because they make your heart work a bit harder. But before you turn the heat up, it's not all good news. For one thing, your body might not be able to work as hard in high heat as it can in cooler temperatures, meaning your workout won't be as good as you might like. 3 Because the body sweats more, it's easy to get dehydrated (脱水). Sweating also means losing important salts, so you may feel tightening and discomfort in your muscles or stomach. 4 It is a dangerous state of extreme overheating which happens when your body gets too hot and its temperature goes over 40 degrees Celsius. This situation of high body temperature, like heatstroke (中暑), can cause serious damage to different parts of your body, like your brain, heart, liver and kidneys and in extreme cases, even death. If you do want to try heated exercise, there are ways to make it safer. Drinking lots of water helps stop you from getting dehydrated. 5 And try to wear light clothes—and take breaks when you need to! A．But are high­temperature workouts really better? B．The biggest risk of exercising in heat is heatstroke. C．But why do people like high­temperature workouts? D．Heated works may also help you burn more calories. E．This is why many people prefer to exercise in the cool evening. F．There are also health risks related to exercising in high temperatures. G．Sports drinks will replace any of those important salts you lose from sweat too. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高温条件下锻炼的利弊，并给出了如何在高温条件下锻炼的建议。 1．解析：A　由上文“And some people even ... 38 degrees Celsius.”及下文“The answer isn't as simple as a yes or no. There may be some benefits of exercising in high temperatures.”和“But before you turn the heat up, it's not all good news.”对高温锻炼利弊的详细分析可知，本空应是一个过渡句，引出对高温锻炼是否真的更好的探讨。A项能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 2．解析：D　由上文“It is believed that these works warm the muscles, which can help you avoid injuries.”及下文“This is because they make your heart work a bit harder.”可知，本空应继续阐述高温锻炼的益处，D项符合语境，能承接上文并引出下文对心脏工作更努力的解释。 3．解析：F　由上文“For one thing, your body ... you might like.”及下文“Because the body ... your muscles or stomach.”可知，本空应指出高温锻炼也存在健康风险，F项能承上启下，符合题意。 4．解析：B　由下文“It is a dangerous state of ... goes over 40 degrees Celsius.”可知，本空应具体指出高温锻炼的最大风险是中暑，B项能引出下文，符合题意。 5．解析：G　由上文“If you do want to try ... from getting dehydrated.”及下文“And try to wear light clothes—and take breaks when you need to！”可知，本空应继续给出高温锻炼时的安全建议，G项符合语境，能承接上文并引出下文对穿着和休息的建议。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $