必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(课时作业Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案（创新版）

**基本信息** 高中英语一轮复习专项训练，以限时阅读任务为载体，融合题型技法与文本逻辑分析，系统培养语言解码与思维推断能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|11题（3篇）|细节定位法、逻辑推理三步法、语境词义猜测模型|按"事实检索-推理判断-主旨归纳"梯度设计，覆盖记叙文/说明文核心文体特征| |阅读七选五|5题|篇章结构分析法、衔接词定位法、主题句匹配策略|遵循"句间逻辑-段落衔接-语篇连贯"认知逻辑，强化信息匹配与语篇建构能力|

限时规范训练(5) (建议用时：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2026·温州联考)Brushing my teeth, I heard what sounded like branches scraping (刮擦) the roof.I paused, wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel, which was blowing her way through our city. Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later, the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake—never had a cry sounded so sweet—and my husband gratefully snatched her up and ran to the relative safety of our room. Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbor know we were okay and heading to a friend's home.Shaking but grateful to be alive, we drove away. The next morning, bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm's destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two! As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do, a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbors for the first time, their eyes pop when they realize we live in the house the tree fell through. In the days and weeks that followed, we remembered the feeling of relief when we realized that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed—me, my husband, our daughter and even our two pets. Yes, we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary. Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree's destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were—and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have, those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家人死里逃生。经历过灾难的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。 1．How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？(　　) A．Heartbroken.　　　　 B．Curious. C．Doubtful. D．Delighted. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“never had a cry sounded so sweet”可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后感到非常庆幸和高兴——因为自己的女儿还活着。故D项正确。 2．What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？(　　) A．Their leaving home quickly. B．Their calling the firefighters. C．Their receiving help from neighbors. D．Their fighting with hurricane bravely. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二至四段可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时作出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。故A项正确。 3．What does the underlined word “unscathed” in paragraph 6 mean？(　　) A．Not injured. B．Not affected. C．Not included. D．Not disturbed. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家人平安无事。故A项正确。 B (2025·山东枣庄模拟)As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events, timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property. But according to a recent study in University of Michigan, nearly half of the young people surveyed on disaster preparedness showed they lack readiness for any type of disaster event during a period when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent. Surveying 1，083 individuals aged 14 to 24 through text messaging, the University's My Voice project brought to the forefront the attitudes young people hold regarding disaster preparedness. Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people disclosed having no readiness planning in potential disasters, with finances and lack of resources being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness. “While respondents felt there were actions they could take now to prepare for a future disaster, some were unsure of the most effective readiness approaches they and their communities could take，” said Katherine Kruger, lead author and a Ph.D. student at the U-M School of Nursing. “Youth are significant stakeholders in developing strategies to be ready for disaster and their insights can lead to policy development that allow youth to prioritize the effective readiness strategies to reduce the potentially destructive impacts and promote individual and community resilience，” Kruger added. Inclusion of young individuals in readiness planning is crucial. They provide unique perspectives that can greatly enhance strategies designed to boost resilience (适应力) both at the individual and community levels. The study's findings highlight an opportunity to engage youth in readiness efforts that empower them and strengthen the larger emergency management framework. Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery. “Our research _underscores the need for including young people as key stakeholders in disaster preparedness，” Kruger said. “As highlighted by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction's Youth Engagement Action Plan, their active contribution is indispensable.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了青少年在灾难准备方面的态度、现状以及他们参与灾难准备的重要性。 4．What makes disaster preparedness vital？(　　) A．The changing lifestyle of the youth. B．The loss of natural resources. C．The rising risks of climate change. D．The lack of safety awareness. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As climate change ... protect property.”可知，气候变化持续加剧灾害事件的发生频率和强度的增加，所以及时且有效的防灾准备能够拯救生命并保护财产，即气候变化带来的风险上升使得灾害防范变得至关重要。 5．What are nearly half of young people surveyed like？(　　) A．Unprepared.　　　 B．Dismissive. C．Confident. D．Fearful. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But according to a ... increasingly frequent.”以及第二段“Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people ... for their lack of readiness.”推知，近一半接受调查的年轻人是毫无准备的。 6．Why is young people's involvement crucial？(　　) A．They are creative. B．They are innocent. C．They are sociable. D．They are ambitious. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘Youth are significant ... community resilience，’ Kruger added.”以及第五段“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”推知，年轻人的参与至关重要是因为他们富有创造力。 7．What does the underlined word “underscores” mean in the last paragraph？(　　) A．Discovers. B．Argues. C．Advocates. D．Emphasizes. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据上文“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”可知，年轻人在灾害防范中很重要。再根据画线单词所在句可知，年轻人的积极贡献是不可或缺的，所以研究应该是“强调了”将年轻人作为灾害防范中关键利益相关者的必要性。选项D“Emphasizes”，意为“强调”，与此相符。 C (2025·山东威海模拟)The fires went on for three days continuously in the summer of 2021, burning over 13，000 hectares of western Sardinia (撒丁岛). Mr Poddi, a forestry expert, warns such fires are bound to become more common and intense in a warming world. So, the island is preparing. As part of the preparations, Mr Poddi's team has installed 20 fire-detection sensors in the Santu Lussurgiu forest. These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity, and air pressure. These data are then analyzed by AI models. If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted. Until now, fire detection on Sardinia has relied on human sight. But usually, the fire is noticed only once it has started to spread. The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it. The sensors are designed to be installed every few hundred meters in high-risk fire zones. This deployment can make sensors much cheaper than alternative wildfire suppression methods. Once installed, the sensors can last for up to 15 years and can be updated remotely. Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics. A system for Italy may not work in Canada. Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed (部署) with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island's beaches. These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu. To truly enhance early fire detection, sensor networks will need to be installed on a large scale. Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters. Moreover, the risk of time-wasting false alarms from such sensitive systems is very real. Overcoming such challenges will bring significant rewards. All the various technologies can and should work together to build a strong solution. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了撒丁岛为应对日益频繁和猛烈的火灾所做的准备，重点介绍了新安装的火灾探测传感器及其工作原理、优势以及面临的挑战。 8．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？(　　) A．The data collected by sensors. B．The working principles of the sensors. C．The role of AI models in fire detection. D．The fire prevention measures on the island. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，第三段主要讲述了传感器如何收集信息、数据如何被分析以及异常情况如何被检测和报警，即传感器的工作原理。 9．What does the underlined “This” refer to？(　　) A．Detecting hidden fires. B．Relying on human sight. C．Spreading chemicals in the air. D．Spotting flames and smoke. 解析：A　代词指代词。根据第四段“The sensors work ... of where to tackle it.”可知，“This” 指代前文中传感器“识别隐藏火灾释放的化学物质”这一行为，即“探测隐藏火灾”。 10．Why are the pine forests mentioned in paragraph 6？(　　) A．To compare coastal and inland fire risks. B．To show the flexibility of the sensor networks. C．To highlight the widespread use of the sensors. D．To prove the need for region-specific solutions. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第六段内容可推知，提到松树林是为了说明不同地区的环境差异很大，因此需要针对特定地区制定解决方案。 11．How does the author view the future of the sensors？(　　) A．They can make great profits. B．Their sensitivity needs to get improved. C．They must work with existing measures. D．They will replace conventional methods. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even so, their real impact ... promptly deploy firefighters.”可推知，作者认为传感器的未来取决于它们如何与其他现有的消防措施整合，即它们必须与现有措施配合使用。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) (2026·江西宜春一中模拟)There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person's physical and mental health.__1__ A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. __2__ It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by 40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute.__3__ In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don't feel important.__4__ There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however.__5__“Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them，” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A．Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B．Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C．This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D．The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong. E．Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment. F．The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate. G．Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年志愿服务对其身心健康有益及相关研究。 1．解析：B　上文说明成年人志愿服务有益身心健康。空处和上文为顺接关系，说明在青少年中也有类似发现，并引出下文的相关研究。所以B项“现在科学家们在儿童和青少年中也发现了类似的联系。”符合语境。该项中的“similar links”和上文中的“adults that volunteering benefits a person's physical and mental health”呼应。 2．解析：A　上文是对某种发现的一种可能性解释。空处承接上文的发现，并对这种情况给出了认可。A项“诚然，这一发现只是表明了一种联系。”符合语境，引出下文对研究发现局限性的说明，而选项中“this finding”指代了上文中的“young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges”这一发现。 3．解析：D　上文说明了志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式。空处与上文逻辑紧密相连，解释了志愿服务为何能让年轻人做出贡献。D项“对他人的重要性很好地转化为他们建立联系和归属感的需求。”符合语境，是对上文内容的进一步阐述和解释。 4．解析：G　上文列举了几个志愿者带来好处的原因。G项“志愿活动给了他们一种不同的自我感觉，一种自信和自我价值感。”承接上文说明志愿者服务可以让青少年找到自我，产生自信和自我价值观，改变青少年认为自己不重要的看法。 5．解析：F　上文说明志愿服务存在问题。空处具体说明问题所在，F项“如果年轻人觉得自己是被迫参与的，这种经历可能是有害的。”符合语境，解释了志愿服务可能带来负面影响的原因。该项中的“The experience can be harmful”和上文中的“a potential downside”相呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $