必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(课件PPT)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“人与自然——灾害防范”主题，依据高考评价体系梳理了单元核心词汇（如affect, shock, survive）、重点句型（as if虚拟语气、be doing...when...）及主题语境应用，通过近三年真题（2025北京卷、2024九省联考等）分析考点权重，归纳语法填空、读后续写等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题驱动+素养融合”策略，如以2025北京卷affect非谓语填空为例，通过“练透”环节的句式升级（bury的分词结构、with复合结构）培养语言能力和思维品质，写作模块结合“安全进校园”电子邮件提升表达能力，限时训练含真题阅读理解和七选五，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准指导高效复习。

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 必修　第一册 主题语境:人与自然———灾害防范 语境串记 激活单元知识 高考对接 核心要点突破 素养进阶 提升写作能力 1 2 4 内容索引 即时演练 落实语基运用 3 限时规范训练 5 2 语境串记 激活单元知识 Natural disasters, like drought, flood, typhoons, and earthquakes, are becoming 1._____________ (frequent) nowadays.They have bad effects on humans' life，2.______ (make) us suffer from terrible injuries and serious damage.The Tangshan earthquake in 1976 shocked the world then—about 90 percent of the homes in the city 3.______________ (destroy)，and electricity was hard 4.______ (get) because power was cut off.A large city lay 5.__ ruins.Millions of people were affected and had to face 6._____ (die).It seemed as if the world 7.___________ (come) to an end.Thankfully，150，000 soldiers were sent to start rescue work.They dug out those 8.___ were trapped, buried the dead and built shelters for those who survived the disaster.The tireless efforts paid off.Slowly, the city began to breathe again. more frequent making were destroyed to get in death were coming who 返回 ‹#› In this fight, humans showed great courage and wisdom.And 9.____ we learned from the disaster is to keep first aid kit on hand in case of emergency.When a disaster strikes a place, it's usually difficult to deliver food and 10.________ (supply) within a short time, but as long as we stay calm, positive and united, no disaster will defeat us. what supplies 返回 ‹#› 高考对接 核心要点突破 1　affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(☞affection n．喜爱) [练透]—— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As we know, the environment is facing serious problems, _________ (affect) everyone's life.(2025·北京卷应用文) ②Although ________ (affect) with a serious disease，he held a positive attitude and believed there was a hope of recovery. affecting affected 返回 ‹#› ③一方面，长时间用手机玩游戏不仅会伤害你的眼睛，还会影响你的大脑。 For one thing, not only can playing games on your phone for a long time harm your eyes, but they __________________________________． can also affect your brain greatly 返回 ‹#› (1)be deeply/greatly affected by ...被……深深打动 be affected with ...染上……疾病 (2)show/have an affection for ...喜欢……，喜爱…… 返回 ‹#› 2　shock n．休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊(☞shocked adj.感到震惊的☞shocking adj.令人震惊的) [练透]—— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①On hearing those words, Luke and Lisa stared at each other __ shock. ②The unexpected guest and gift _______(shock) me, and I was at a loss what to say.(读后续写之心理描写) ③他们的母亲既震惊又自豪，她温柔地低声说：“谢谢你们，孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切！”(读后续写之心理描写) __________________，their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids.I really appreciate what you have done for me！” in shocked Shocked and proud 返回 ‹#› (1)be shocked to do sth 　　　　　　做某事很震惊 be shocked at... 对……感到震惊 (2)a shock to... 对……是吃惊的事 (3)electric shock 触电；电休克 cultural shock 文化冲击 返回 ‹#› [点津]　各种“惊讶”：①　　②　 ③ 返回 ‹#› 3　bury vt.(buried，buried，burying)埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 [练透]——句式升级/完成句子 ①David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms. →David still refused to look at me，____________________________． (分词短语作状语) →David still refused to look at me，____________________________． (with复合结构) →David still refused to look at me，___________________________． (独立主格结构) burying his head in his arms with his head buried in his arms his head buried in his arms 返回 ‹#› ②詹妮弗坐在地板上，双手捂着脸，身体颤抖着，轻声地开始哭泣。(读后续写之动作＋情绪描写) Jennifer sat on the floor, ___________________________, and her body trembled as she softly began to cry. burying her face in her hands 返回 ‹#› (1)　埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 返回 ‹#› [点津]　表示“专心于……”的短语小结：①be absorbed in　②keep one's mind on　③devote oneself to　④concentrate on　⑤focus one's attention on 返回 ‹#› 4　suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(☞suffering n．受苦，遭难☞sufferer n．受害者；患者) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To our shock, he had become seriously ill, __________ (suffer) great pain and discomfort.(读后续写之情感描写) ②得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。(读后续写之心理＋动作描写) Knowing that my partner ____________________________________，I was burning with anxiety, so I darted towards the hospital. suffering was suffering from a serious illness 返回 ‹#› ③生活中总有起起落落，但正是这些磨难让我们变得更坚强。(读后续写之主旨升华) There are always ups and downs in our life，but ____________________ ________________． it is these sufferings that make us stronger 返回 ‹#› (1)suffer a lot of pain　遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer severe damage 损失惨重 suffer defeat 遭受失败 (2)suffer from 遭受；患病 返回 ‹#› 5　survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过(☞survivor n．幸存者☞survival n．幸存；生还) [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of ________ (survive) from attacks.(2024·九省联考) ②Rowling had spent years _________ (survive) on little money, spending all her time writing.(外研选必一U2) survival surviving 返回 ‹#› ③我打开门，惊奇地发现一位老太太站在暴风雪中，身上只穿了一件薄外套，显然不足以在暴风雪中生存。(读后续写之人物描写) I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the snowstorm with just a thin coat，obviously not enough __________________ __________． ④生活不在于如何挺过暴风雨，而在于如何在暴风雨中起舞。(读后续写之主旨升华) Life isn't about _____________________，but how to dance in the rain. to survive the snowstorm how to survive storms 返回 ‹#› survive on　　靠……存活下来 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长 返回 ‹#› 6　strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打；突然想起；(时钟等)敲响 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 [练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①______ (strike)by what he had done for me，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(读后续写之心理描写) ②She felt a sharp pain when she was struck on ___ leg by a flying ball during the soccer match.(读后续写之场景描写) ③她突然意识到，目标更易通过小步骤逐步实现。(2024·浙江卷1月) _____________________________ goals are easier to achieve in small steps. Struck the It occurred to/hit/struck her that 返回 ‹#› (1)It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that ... 　　　　　某人突然想起…… be struck by ... 被……打动；被……侵袭 strike sb in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人某部位 (2)be on strike 在罢工 返回 ‹#› 7　句型公式：as if引导的虚拟语气 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ [练透]——完成句子 ①知道自己在写作比赛中获得了第一名之后，我觉得自己好像站在世界之巅。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Knowing I got the first place in the writing contest, __________________ __________________． I felt as if (I were)on the top of the world 返回 ‹#› ②在屋内，吃着美味的饼干，我们谈笑风生，托比的尾巴欢快地摇着，仿佛我们之间从未发生过任何不愉快的事情。(2025·全国一卷读后续写) Inside, over the delicious biscuits, we laughed and talked, with Toby's tail wagging happily, ______________________________________________． ③眼含泪花，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。(读后续写之心理描写) Tears welling up in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me ____________________________，but lowered his head once again. as if nothing unpleasant had ever happened between us as if he would say something 返回 ‹#› as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，它所引导的从句中的语气及时态为： ·陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生的情况) ·虚拟语气(不真实或不可能发生的情况) 返回 ‹#› 8　句型公式：be doing...when...正在做某事这时(突然)…… 教材原句：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 [练透]——完成句子 ①当我在浏览我们学校的网站时，我注意到了英文报纸Youth。 ________________________________________ I noticed the English newspaper Youth. I was surfing our school's website when 返回 ‹#› ②母亲刚醒来时，就闻到了食物诱人的香味，这种香味营造出一种温馨的家庭氛围。(读后续写之环境描写) ______________________________ she was greeted by the delicious smell of food, which created a welcoming atmosphere in the home. ③她正要把花送给李先生，突然摔倒在地。(读后续写之动作描写) ____________________________________________________ she fell to the ground. Mother had just woken up when She was about to present Mr Li with the flowers when 返回 ‹#› 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”，常用于以下句型： be about to do...when... 　　　　正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……突然…… had (just) done...when... 刚做完……这时突然…… 返回 ‹#› 微点练通 1.①__________________________________________ (她感到一阵惊慌), but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. ②(2025·全国一卷)Sitting alone in the living room, I stared at the family photos on the wall, ___________________________________ (童年的回忆涌上心头). ③__________________________________ (温暖的阳光照进来), they enjoyed the company of each other, feeling a wave of warmth and appreciation. A wave of panic swept over/flooded over her memories of our childhood flooding back With the warm sunlight flooding in 返回 ‹#› 微点练通 2．①Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems, ___________________________________________________ (对中国文化产生了巨大的影响). ②Additionally, there are interactive games to make learning both fun and _________ (effect). 3．(2023·全国甲卷)He _________________________________________ (不遗余力地进行了一系列改革) to make his country rich and powerful. all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture effective spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms 返回 ‹#› 微点练通 4．①On returning to the town，they were shocked to find their neighbourhood ___ruins. ②You can't change the past，but you can ________________ (毁了现在) by worrying about the future. in ruin the present 返回 ‹#› 微点点拨 1.①flood in/into/out of大量涌入/蜂拥而出 ②flood back涌上心头 ③a burst/wave/sense/feeling of＋情感名词＋flood/sweep over＋ sb, 表“某人感到……” 2．①have an effect on ...对……有影响 ②come into effect/take effect生效；起作用 3．①spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事 ②make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事 ③with effort 努力地 4．①lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 ②ruin oneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡 返回 ‹#› 即时演练 落实语基运用 Ⅰ.单句语法填空——巩固语言知识 1．When people shared stories of their ____________ (suffer), Sarah inspired them with her own experience. 2．They should focus on the theme “Carry Forward Positivity, Light Up Campus Dreams” and have a ______ (long) of within 5 minutes. 3．However, one unusual afternoon, a powerful and unexpected storm _____ (sweep) through the town, _______ (leave)destruction in its wake. 4．I ________ (breath) a sigh of relief as I went over and sat back down. suffering(s) length swept leaving breathed 返回 ‹#› 5．The math problem was too complicated for her _________ (solve) quickly, leaving her puzzled and scratching her head in frustration. 6．(2025·全国一卷)The way they demonstrated how microplastics ____________ (trap) through the boiling process was nice. 7．(2024·北京卷)I ____________ (read) a book in the classroom when there was an announcement. 8．It is dark in the woods.It seems as if there ____(be) a fierce beast behind every bush.The more she thinks of this, the more frightened she is. to solve were trapped was reading were 返回 ‹#› 9．(2025·全国一卷)Whole neighbourhoods ______________ (destroy) to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. 10．Up to now food and water ___________________ (deliver) to the disaster-stricken area，where many people _________ (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help. were destroyed have been delivered surviving 返回 ‹#› Ⅱ.熟词生义/一词多义——清除阅读障碍 1．猜测下列句子中加黑词的含义 ①Deeply affected by the film，we couldn't hold back tears. _____ ②She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock. ____ ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? ____ ④(2024·浙江卷1月)It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. ___________________ 感动 休克 留存 忽视不管；放任自流 返回 ‹#› ⑤The electric car, powered by the battery, can drive for 600 miles on a single charge. ______ ⑥Birds singing in the tree，the bright five-star red flag waved in the breeze. __________ 驱动 飘动，起伏 返回 ‹#› 2．选出deliver的含义 ①The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy，which made the handsome prince wild with excitement. _____ ②I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera. _____ ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday. _____ A.vt.递送 B.vt.生小孩；接生 C.vt.发表演说等 B C A 返回 ‹#› 3.选出strike的含义 ①Some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. _____ ②The workers went on strike to demand better working conditions and higher wages. _____ ③When I entered the room, the clock had just struck 10. ______ ④As an old saying goes, “Strike the iron while it's hot.” _____ ⑤A big earthquake struck the area last week, which then caused a terrible tsunami. _____ ⑥ It strikes us that we can follow the stream back to the farmhouse. _____ A.vt.打 B.vt.使突然想起 C.n.罢工 D.vt.(灾难、疾病等)袭击 E.vt.达成(协议、妥协) F.v.(钟)敲 E C F A D B 返回 ‹#› Ⅲ.构词法精练——快速增加词汇 名词后缀-al 名词后缀-al主要用在动词后面，表示“……的动作或过程”。 规则 典例 直接加-al renew (更新)→renewal (更新) dismiss (解雇；解散)→dismissal (解雇；解散) withdraw (撤回)→withdrawal (撤回；取款) 去e加-al arrive (到达)→arrival (到达) approve (批准)→approval (批准) propose (提议)→proposal (提议) recite (背诵)→recital (朗诵会；独奏会) rehearse (排练)→rehearsal (排练) 返回 ‹#› 1.In today's competitive market, innovation is key to a company's ________ (survive). 2．Her _______ (refuse) to give up in the face of failure was truly admirable. 3．I made a cash __________ (withdraw) from the ATM to pay for the dinner. survival refusal withdrawal 返回 ‹#› 电子邮件——安全进校园 假定你是高三学生李华。在全国防灾减灾日到来之际，你们学校开展了一次以“安全进校园”为主题的教育活动。你校国际部交换生Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．活动目的；2.活动安排。 素养进阶 提升写作能力 返回 ‹#› 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成作文 Dear Jim， Learning that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event, I am glad to share it with you. In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organised activities to raise ①_________________________________ ___________________ (在紧急情况下的自我保护意识).Firstly, our awareness of self­protection in the face of emergencies 返回 ‹#› ②__________________________________________________ (一位来自专业救援队的专家做报告) on how to react when disasters hit (用本单元词汇替换加黑词③______)us, such as fires and earthquakes, equipping us with basics of evacuation.Besides, we made brochures concerning the practical tips on ④______________________ (应对灾害) and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students. I have prepared an English brochure for you.Hope it will help. Yours， Li Hua an expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture strike dealing with disasters 返回 ‹#› 积累常诵——情感描写之“恐惧、惊恐”(二) 词块积累 ①root sb to the spot/ground/rooted to the spot/ground呆立不动 ②freeze with fear/terror/fright/horror吓呆 ③stand/sit frozen with fear站/坐着吓傻了 ④shake/tremble with fear吓得发抖；胆战心惊 ⑤(knees) knock in fright (双膝)吓得直打颤 ⑥knees feel weak双膝发软 ⑦one's body be rigid/stiff with fear吓得浑身发僵 返回 ‹#› 词块积累 ⑧feel like/turn to jelly开始发软 ⑨sweat with fear吓得直冒汗 ⑩a chill deep down in one's bones毛骨悚然 ⑪have one's heart in one's mouth某人的心提到嗓子眼 ⑫have butterflies in one's stomach七上八下；感到忐忑不安 返回 ‹#› 金句背诵 1.Molly felt that the blood in her body froze rapidly at the sight of the dark figure outside the glass door. 莫莉看到玻璃门外的黑影，感觉体内的血液迅速凝固起来。 2．I could feel my heart pounding wildly and my palms sweating. 我能够感觉到我的心怦怦跳，手心直冒汗。 3．I walked across the hospital parking lot with my heart in my throat, terrified of what the doctors had to tell me. 我提心吊胆地走过医院的停车场，害怕医生要告诉我的消息。 返回 ‹#› 金句背诵 4．She sweated with fear, standing there tongue-tied. 她吓得大汗淋漓，站在那里说不出话来。 5．I get so nervous before public speaking that my hands shake and my knees feel weak. 我在公开演讲前会特别紧张，不仅手抖，膝盖还会发软。 返回 ‹#› 用表“恐惧、惊恐”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 It's strange, but I don't really remember much about the hurricane itself.It all happened so quickly.I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off.All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been.①_____________________________________________________ ________________________ (我吓呆了).Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then.The rain was coming down so hard and so fast.Our street turned into a river in seconds.We were going nowhere. 微场景9 主题“险境求生”——遭遇飓风时的“恐惧、惊恐” I was so frightened that I just froze/I froze with fear/I was rooted to the spot with fear 返回 ‹#› I was always afraid of water.This fear could not be explained, but the moment I stepped near any body of water, ②___________________________ ____ (我会两腿发软).I would imagine myself drowning in the water and thrashing around helplessly.But my school wanted all pupils to pass a swimming test, which ③____________________________ (让我胆战心惊).Once, after a particularly hard swimming lesson, I spotted Kathy swimming gracefully in the pool.Gathering my courage, I asked gently, “Kathy, can you teach me to swim？” She stared at me coldly.It was as if I stood at the edge of an endless ocean, ④_______________________________ _____ (我的恐惧就像乌云一样出现了，独立主格) threatening to drown me. 微场景10 主题“挑战自我”——学习游泳时的“恐惧、惊恐” my legs would feel like/turn to jelly made me tremble/shake with fear my fear appearing like dark storm clouds 返回 ‹#› (建议用时：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2026·温州联考)Brushing my teeth, I heard what sounded like branches scraping (刮擦) the roof.I paused, wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel, which was blowing her way through our city. 限时规范 训练(5)　 返回 ‹#› Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later, the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake—never had a cry sounded so sweet—and my husband gratefully snatched her up and ran to the relative safety of our room. Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbor know we were okay and heading to a friend's home.Shaking but grateful to be alive, we drove away. 返回 ‹#› The next morning, bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm's destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two! As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do, a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbors for the first time, their eyes pop when they realize we live in the house the tree fell through. In the days and weeks that followed, we remembered the feeling of relief when we realized that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed—me, my husband, our daughter and even our two pets. 返回 ‹#› Yes, we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary. Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree's destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were—and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have, those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家人死里逃生。经历过灾难的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。 返回 ‹#› 1．How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？(　　) A．Heartbroken.　　　　 B．Curious. C．Doubtful. D．Delighted. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“never had a cry sounded so sweet”可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后感到非常庆幸和高兴——因为自己的女儿还活着。故D项正确。 D　 返回 ‹#› 2．What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？ (　　) A．Their leaving home quickly. B．Their calling the firefighters. C．Their receiving help from neighbors. D．Their fighting with hurricane bravely. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二至四段可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时作出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。故A项正确。 A　 返回 ‹#› 3．What does the underlined word “unscathed” in paragraph 6 mean？ (　　) A．Not injured. B．Not affected. C．Not included. D．Not disturbed. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家人平安无事。故A项正确。 A　 返回 ‹#› B (2025·湖南省大联考)As the first girl in my family, I was born in Venezuela, twelve months to the day before one of the biggest earthquakes in the country's history struck the capital city Caracas in 1967.I've always seen this as a sign of my destiny. Disasters have the potential to set back a nation's development for years and even decades.However, my personal experiences have taught me that the extent of damage often depends on whether there is a culture of prevention within the affected society. 返回 ‹#› I recall a time when I was living in an apartment building when a moderate earthquake struck.My reaction, after the immediate “drop, cover, hold on” reflexes (反射动作), was to hope that the building would prove to be structurally sound.As the shaking slowly stopped, I ran outside to wait for possible aftershocks.My fears, thankfully, did not happen.It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes. Occasions like this show the necessity of having updated building codes that include lessons learned from past disasters.Had the building not followed these updated codes, I may not have survived.This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters. 返回 ‹#› I have spent the past two years working on the Built Environment in Latin America and the Caribbean Project.The project has developed risk-informed policies and engineering techniques in the six countries that were selected for their particularly high exposure to earthquakes.This project fits perfectly with my professional and personal goals, as it combines my passion and experience in risk reduction.Like the third little pig in the tale of Three Little Pigs, who puts resilience (韧性) above convenience while building his house from bricks, I'm committed to building a framework of prevention and resilience, as I know that early action today can prevent problems tomorrow. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自身经历深刻认识到预防地震的重要性。作者还参与相关项目，致力于抗震救灾工作。 返回 ‹#› 4．What does the author refer to as her destiny？(　　) A．Rebuilding cities after disasters. B．Experiencing many earthquakes. C．Doing work related to earthquakes. D．Updating building codes in Venezuela. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段以及最后一段可知，作者将从事与地震相关的工作视为自己的命运。故选C。 C　 返回 ‹#› 5．Why did the earthquake mentioned in paragraph 3 impress the author？ (　　) A．She realized the danger of earthquakes. B．She felt she did not respond well enough. C．She was very lucky to escape with her life. D．She recognized the importance of prevention. D　 返回 ‹#› 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes.”以及第四段中“This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters.”可知，第三段提到的地震给作者留下深刻印象是因为她认识到了预防的重要性。故选D。 返回 ‹#› 6．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 4 mean？ (　　) A．Causing. B．Reducing. C．Ignoring. D．Avoiding. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes.”和第四段中“This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters.”并结合前文提到建筑遵循规范抵御地震，可知预防是为了“减轻”灾害影响。故选B。 B　 返回 ‹#› 7．What does the tale of Three Little Pigs imply？(　　) A．Teamwork matters in preventing disasters. B．Risk reduction work requires a lot of skills. C．Damage caused by disasters can be avoided. D．Building houses needs passion and experience. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“就像《三只小猪》故事里的第三只小猪，用砖头盖房子时把韧性置于便利之上，我致力于构建一个预防和具备韧性的框架，因为我知道今日尽早行动，明日便可防患于未然。” 可知，《三只小猪》的故事暗示通过像第三只小猪一样注重韧性(预防措施)，灾害造成的损害是可以避免的。故选C。 C　 返回 ‹#› C (课标变化题)Approximately 4，000 years following the last glacial period, hunter-gatherer communities encountered another sudden climate shift that forced rapid adaptation to significantly colder conditions. The 8.2 ka event，occurring 8，200 years ago, brought about temperature declines of up to 6 ℃ within mere decades.Meanwhile，the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass from the Norwegian continental shelf generated a massive tsunami that completed Britain's geographical separation from mainland Europe. 返回 ‹#› Despite these severe environmental challenges，northern hemisphere (半球) populations demonstrated remarkable toughness.Through it all, people across the northern hemisphere survived, some by packing up and moving, others by sticking it out.Rick Schulting from the University of Oxford notes: “These communities were not passive victims but actively adapted to changing circumstances.” 返回 ‹#› While previous research had examined regional impacts, Schulting's comprehensive study compared archaeological evidence and environmental records across northwestern Europe and southern Siberia.To understand how they adapted, scientists compared archaeological findings, such as burial sites and ancient remains, with environmental evidence preserved in ancient lake beds. This combination of clues allowed them to reconstruct past changes in the climate and landscape with remarkable precision. 返回 ‹#› Adaptation strategies varied significantly across regions. Coastal communities in Norway's Oslofjord expanded through increased reliance on marine resources like fish and seals, while Lake Baikal populations showed minimal disruption due to stable water-based supplies.In contrast，northwestern Russian groups around Lake Onega exhibited unusual burial patterns suggesting strategic concentration near reliable food sources, whereas Scottish communities abandoned coastal settlements entirely, likely moving inland to survive the prolonged cold period. 返回 ‹#› This ancient climate event provides crucial insights into human responses to environmental crises. As researchers emphasize, the 8.2 ka event serves as a critical case study for understanding how modern societies might address contemporary climate challenges, demonstrating that human adaptability remains essential for survival in changing environments. 返回 ‹#› [课标变化] 2025课标新变化：构建人类命运共同体，契合新课标话题导向革新 本阅读聚焦“古代气候危机与人类适应性”这一深度议题，契合2025课标关注全球性议题的导向变化。同时，语篇以8.2千年气候事件为切入点，融合考古学、地理学跨学科知识，探讨人类面对环境挑战的多元适应策略，最终关联当代气候危机应对策略，既呼应了新课标中增加全球性问题、跨学科融合的话题拓展要求，又凸显人类命运共同体意识的价值引领。 返回 ‹#› 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了8200年前的重大气候突变及其对人类社会的影响。 返回 ‹#› 8．What was one major geographical event during the 8.2 ka event？ (　　) A．The formation of a new landmass. B．Scotland's breaking off from Norway. C．A tsunami brought by temperature drop. D．Britain's split from Continental Europe. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass...from mainland Europe”可知，8.2千年事件带来的影响之一是一块苏格兰大小的陆地从挪威大陆架上分离出来，引发了一场巨大的海啸，完成了英国与欧洲大陆的地理分离。故选D。 D　 返回 ‹#› 9．What was the overall research method of Schulting's study？(　　) A．Analysis of archaeological findings. B．Cross-disciplinary data correlation. C．Computer-simulated climate modeling. D．Comparison with former research. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Schulting's comprehensive study...and southern Siberia”可知，Schulting的综合研究比较了欧洲西北部和西伯利亚南部的考古证据和环境记录。据此可以推断，Schulting进行了考古学与环境学的跨学科研究。故选B。 B　 返回 ‹#› 10．What do the varied adaptation strategies suggest？(　　) A．Strategies relied on resources. B．Coastal food became lacking. C．Water access boosted survival. D．Customs signaled survival advantage. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，不同地区居民生存策略不同，这取决于他们拥有的资源。故选A。 A　 返回 ‹#› 11．What is the best title for the text？(　　) A．An Ancient Tsunami Isolated Britain B．Origins and Effects of the 8.2 Ka Event C．Stone-Age Diets Beating Climate Changes D．Ancient Lessons for Modern Climate Crises 解析：D　标题归纳题。本文第一段介绍了8.2千年事件及其带来的影响，第二段讲到北半球一些地区的人们主动适应环境变化；第三、四段则讲到了Rick Schulting研究的方法和适应策略的地区差异性，最后一段表明8.2千年事件为人类应对环境危机提供了重要的见解，故D项“应对现代气候危机的古代经验”能够很好地概括全文，适合作本文的标题。 D　 返回 ‹#› Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) (2025·沈阳市质量监测)Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds. 1 Proper preparation and knowing what to do during and after an earthquake can significantly increase your chances of staying safe.This guide helps you prepare, respond, and recover effectively. 返回 ‹#› Before the quake One important way to prepare for a quake is to try to make your home safe.The stuff inside your home is just as important as the walls themselves.Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break. 2 Move large or heavy objects to lower shelves, install latches (门闩) on cupboards, and secure any large appliances like water heaters. 返回 ‹#› When the shaking starts 3 In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop, cover, and hold. Drop: Get down on your hands and knees immediately.This position protects you from falling but still allows you to move if necessary. Cover: Place your head and neck (and your entire body if possible) underneath a strong table or desk. Hold: Stay put until the shaking stops.Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around. 返回 ‹#› After the shaking calms Even after the ground grows still, the danger is not necessarily over.As the Earth settles from its quake, it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks. 4 The first quake is then called a foreshock, and the second is called a main shock. Still, once the shaking calms, it's time to start getting ready for more.First, check for injuries.Next, check the gas and electric lines, and turn them off if you can do so safely.And if you are inside a heavily damaged structure, get yourself and others out as soon as possible.If you're trapped, stay calm.Protect your mouth, nose, and eyes from the dust.Make noise to get responders' attention. __5__ 返回 ‹#› A．Protect yourself as quickly as possible. B．There are generally two types of quakes. C．They occur most often near plate boundaries. D．If you are outside, keep an eye out for danger. E．A second quake might occasionally bigger than the first. F．Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization. G．They can strike anywhere, at any time, and without warning. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章聚焦地震灾害及应对措施，先点明其不可预测性与强破坏性，随后按震前、震时、震后三阶段，具体说明各阶段的准备、应对及恢复要点。 返回 ‹#› 1．解析：G　上文强调了地震的不可预测性和破坏性。选项G进一步说明地震可以在任何地点、任何时间毫无预兆地发生，与前文衔接紧密，且引出下文关于地震应对的内容。故选G。 2．解析：F　上文“Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.”提出要检查房间里可能掉落或破碎的东西。选项F中的“this”指代上文“寻找可能掉落或破碎的东西”这件事，且说明了处理这些问题的方法是重新整理。故选F。 3．解析：A　下文“In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop, cover, and hold.”介绍了地震发生时的具体应对动作。选项A概括了这部分内容的主旨，即尽快保护自己，引出下文。故选A。 返回 ‹#› 4．解析：E　根据下文可知，此处是说第二次地震可能比第一次地震大。故选E。 5．解析：D　上文主要介绍了地震后在室内的应对措施。选项D则补充了在室外的情况，即要留意危险。这里与上文在室内的情况相呼应，使文章关于地震后应对措施的介绍更加全面。故选D。 返回 ‹#› UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 点击进入WORD文档 按ESC键退出全屏播放 返回 ‹#› $