Unit 2 课时4 Section B 1a -1e（分层作业）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 本练习通过A组巩固过关、B组能力进阶、C组思维拔高及拓展链接中考四层设计，构建从词汇基础到语篇综合应用的知识巩固路径，适配新授课分层教学需求，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇、基础句型、词形转换|以默写、翻译题夯实基础，强化语言能力| |B组能力进阶|语法应用（时态、语态）、短语运用|通过单词适当形式填空，衔接基础与综合| |C组思维拔高|语篇理解、逻辑推理|阅读填空与完形填空，提升思维品质| |拓展链接中考|中考题型（阅读、还原、填空）|对接中考真题，培养学习能力|

Unit 2 Beyond Earth 课时4 Section B (1a-1e) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 以防万一 in case 2. 板；牌子 board 3. 在船（或火车、飞机）上 on board 4. 彻底地；完全地 completely 5. 合作；协作 cooperate 6. 合作；协作；配合 cooperate with 7. 访问；参观（某地） set foot on 句型 1. 这艘航天器于1977年发射升空。 This spacecraft was launched in 1977. 2. 一张存有地球声音与图像的特制唱片被搭载在飞行器上。 A special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. 3. 所需的相关技术将会被研发出来。 The necessary technology will be developed. 4. 探测车已经被成功送上火星。 Rovers have successfully been landed on Mars. 一、单词默写。 1. 神 ________ 2. 神秘的；奇怪的 ________ 3. 宇宙飞船 ________ 4. 板；牌子 ________ 5. 十亿 ________ 6. 万亿；兆 ________ 7. 彻底地；完全地 ________ 8. 合作；协作 ________ 9. 星系 ________ 10. 想象力；想像 ________ 11. 期望；希望 ________ 12. 好奇的；求知欲强的 ________ 13. 可能的；有希望的；或许；很可能 ________ 【答案】1. god 2. mysterious 3. spacecraft 4. board 5. billion 6. trillion 7. completely 8. cooperate 9. galaxy 10. imagination 11. expectation 12. curious 13. likely 二、词组默写。 1. 以防万一 ________ 2. 在船（或火车、飞机）上 ________ 3. 更喜欢；宁愿 ________ 4. 自人类历史之初 ________ 5. 既然那样；在那种情况下 ________ 6. 目前 ________ 7. 数十万年 ________ 8. 不切实际的幻想 ________ 9. 相互合作 ________ 10. 对……感到好奇 ____________ 【答案】1. in case 2. on board 3. prefer to 4. since the beginning of human history 5.in that case 6. at present 7. hundreds of thousands of years 8. wild dream 9. cooperate with one another 10.be curious about 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. mysterious adj. 神秘的: ________n.秘；谜团 2. spacecraft 宇宙飞船: _________ 复数形式 3. completely adv. 彻底地；完全地： __________ adj. lete 完整的；完成的; __________v.完 4.expect v.期待；预料:__________n. 期望；希望; ____________ adj 预期的 5. cooperate v. 合作；协作: _____________ n.合作 【答案】1. mystery 2. spacecraft 3. complete；complete 4. expectation；expected 5. cooperation 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 在那种情况下，人类将会需要一处新的家园。 _______________, a new home for us human beings will be needed. 2. 以防旅行者一号被外星生命发现，飞行器上搭载了一张存有地球声音与影像的特制唱片。 ___________Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. 3. 虽然当下这件事还无法实现，但各国科学家相互合作，有望研发出所需技术。 While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists _________________, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. 4. 我们终有一天能够抵达星辰，这看起来很有可能。 _______________ one day we will reach the stars. 5. 人类长久以来都对星辰充满好奇。 Humans have long ________________ the stars. 6. 还没有任何宇宙飞船近距离抵达过恒星。 No spacecraft has travelled ____________a star. 【答案】1.In that case 2.In case 3. cooperating with one another 4.It seems likely that 5.been curious about 6. close to 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The old forest looks_________(mystery) at night. 2.The room was __________ (complete) cleaned before guests arrived. 3. We have high ____________(except) for space exploration. 4. International ____________(cooperate) speeds up space tech development. 5.Several ___________(spacecraft) have been sent to explore Mars. 6. All the windows ________ (clean) every weekend by my mother. 7. A birthday cake ________ (make) for me tomorrow. 8. This nice sweater ________ (buy) last winter. 9. Many interesting stories ________ (share) online so far. 10. Old clothes can________ ( reuse) to make small bags. 【答案】1. mysterious 2. completely 3. expectations 4. cooperation 5. spacecraft 6. are cleaned 7. will be made 8. was bought 9. have been shared 10. be reused 【解析】 1. 句意：这片古老森林在夜晚看起来很神秘。 look为系动词，后接形容词作表语；mystery的形容词形式是mysterious，故填mysterious。 2. 句意：客人到来之前，房间被彻底打扫干净了。 修饰动词cleaned要用副词；complete的副词形式为completely，故填completely。 3. 句意：我们对太空探索抱有很高的期望。 high后需接名词，expect对应的名词是expectation；此处表多方期待，用复数expectations，故填expectations。 4. 句意：国际合作加速航天技术发展。 形容词International后接名词；cooperate对应的名词是cooperation（不可数），故填cooperation。 5. 句意：好几艘航天器已被发射去探索火星。 spacecraft单复数同形，several后直接用spacecraft，故填spacecraft。 6. 句意：我妈妈每个周末都会擦所有窗户。 every weekend为一般现在时；windows和clean是被动关系，复数主语搭配are done，故填are cleaned。 7. 句意：明天会为我做一个生日蛋糕。 tomorrow表将来；cake和make是被动关系，一般将来时被动结构will be done，故填will be made。 8. 句意：这件好看的毛衣是去年冬天买的。 last winter为一般过去时；sweater和buy是被动关系，单数主语搭配was done，故填was bought。 9. 句意：到目前为止，很多有趣的故事在网上被分享。 so far是现在完成时标志；stories和share是被动关系，复数主语用have been done，故填have been shared。 10. 句意：旧衣服可以被重新利用来制作小包。 情态动词can后接动词原形；clothes和reuse是被动关系，情态动词被动结构can be done，故填be reused。 二、阅读填空。 Reaching For the Stars Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as technology and science developed, we learnt the1._______( true)about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are farther away than anyone imagined. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft 2._________( launch) in 1977. In case Voyager 1 is found 3.________ alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. It shows who we are and where we are from. By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 2.5 billion kilometres from Earth, 4.________ that is still a long way from Earth's second-closest star, Proxima Centauri. That star is 4.2 light years away—about 40 trillion kilometres! The challenge of visiting the stars gets even 5.________(big) for space flights with humans. The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, to the far side of the moon. Time is a big problem. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine 6._________(month). What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? And how about 7._______(they) health and safety? These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. It might take hundreds of thousands of years 8.________( get )there! Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not 9._______ completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we 1o._________(reach)the stars. 【答案】1. truth 2. was launched 3. by 4. but 5. bigger 6. months 7. their 8. to get 9. a 10. will reach 【解析】 【导语】人类长久以来都对星辰充满好奇，如今奔赴遥远恒星困难重重，但科学家相信，通过共同努力未来我们终将实现这一梦想。 1句意：随着科技发展，我们知晓了星辰的真相。 the 后接名词，true 的名词形式为 truth（真相）。 2. 句意：这艘航天器于1977年发射。 1977为过去时间，spacecraft 和 launch 是被动关系，单数主语用一般过去时被动 was launched。 3. 句意：以防旅行者一号被外星生命发现。 被动语态中，引出动作执行者用介词 by。 4.句意：到2025年，旅行者一号距离地球25亿公里，但离比邻星依旧十分遥远。 前后两句存在转折逻辑，填连词 but。 5. 句意：载人星际航行的挑战会更大。 even 修饰形容词比较级，big 的比较级是 bigger。 6.句意：目前飞往火星就要耗费6至9个月。 six to nine 后接可数名词复数，month 复数为 months。 7. 句意：他们的健康与安全该如何保障？ 修饰名词 health and safety，用形容词性物主代词 their。 8. 句意：抵达那里或许需要数十万年。 固定句型 It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 花费多久做某事，填不定式 to get。 9. 句意：造访星辰并非完全不切实际的空想。 dream 是可数名词单数，completely 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。 10. 句意：我们终有一天能够抵达星辰。 one day 此处表将来的某天，用一般将来时 will reach。 一、阅读理解 A So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see , China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kua Fu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites , we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China , space scientists get ideas from ________  when naming satellites. ①old stories   ②traditional projects    ③ancient famous people     ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．①④ 2．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result 3．Which is the right structure of the passage?  (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. 5．In which section of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Public Service B．Science World C．Green Lifestyle D．Healthy Life 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 【解析】 【导语】本文开篇总述中国航天器命名灵感源自古老传说与古代名人，第二段举嫦娥、玉兔、夸父项目(古老传说)，第三段举墨子号(古代名人)作为例证，尾段总结传统文化对现代航天科技的深远影响。 1．根据原文第1段“Space scientists have been greatly inspired by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”，灵感来源是①old stories、③ancient famous people，对应B选项。 2．第3段以古代科学家墨子和墨子号量子卫星为例展开论述，写作手法是举例子(By giving an example)。 3．文章结构：①总起段；②、③分述两类命名灵感；⑤总结段，总分总结构，对应A图示。 4．根据尾段“we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”，作者写作目的是说明中国传统文化如何影响航天科学。 5．文章围绕航天、卫星、量子科技展开，属于报纸“科学天地”板块。 B Are you interested in exploring the universe? Have you ever dreamed of floating in space? For people in China, that dream is coming true. From film stars to scientists, more than 20 famous people in China have booked seats on the country’s first commercial (商业的) spaceflight. The tickets are sold by a Beijing-based space company. Each seat costs 3 million yuan. That sounds like a lot, but it is much cheaper than a trip with Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which can cost up to 50 million dollars. To save a seat, passengers must pay 10% ahead. The company plans to send its first passengers into space by 2028. The spaceship, called CYZI, can carry 6 people. After launch (发射), it will separate from the rocket at about 70 kilometers above the ground. Then it will cross the Karman Line, the widely accepted edge of space. After that, it will return safely to Earth with parachutes (降落伞). Some of the passengers include Scientist Li Licheng, Poet Lin Xiaoyan, and Actor Huang Jingyu. In a video released by the company, one passenger said, “The world always needs a few people who are a little crazy.” China is supporting commercial space travel more than ever. In 2025, the China National Space Administration announced (宣布) a plan to give companies more passages to rocket test facilities (设施). Aerospace is also listed as a key industry in China’s latest Five-Year Plan. Other Chinese companies are also joining the race. A host from one company even sold 2 tickets during a livestream. Each ticket required a passenger to pay ¥ 50,000 ahead. Space travel may soon become possible for more people in China. Are you brave enough to join them on a trip to the stars? 6．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving an example. D．By making a comparison. 7．What does the underlined word “floating” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Flying. B．Surviving. C．Working. D．Racing. 8．How many people can CYZI carry? A．2. B．6. C．20. D．70. 9．What is Li Licheng? A．A poet. B．An actor. C．A scientist. D．A host. 10．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this text? A．To introduce the Karman Line. B．To describe China’s latest Five-Year Plan. C．To explain the ways to book a space ticket. D．To show the progress of China’s space industry. 【答案】6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍中国商业航天旅行发展现状，包括商业太空航班票价、飞船参数、知名预定乘客，以及国家政策扶持、多家航天企业布局等行业进展。 6．根据第一段，开头连续抛出两个问句“Are you interested in exploring the universe? Have you ever dreamed of floating in space?”，作者通过提出问题的方式引出文章主题。 7．根据第一段短语“floating in space”语境为在太空里漂浮、失重飞行，floating此处和flying含义相近；surviving (生存)、working (工作)、racing (竞速)均不符合太空场景。 8．根据第三段“The spaceship, called CYZI, can carry 6 people.”，CYZI飞船可搭载6人。 9．根据第四段“Some of the passengers include Scientist Li Licheng”，可知Li Licheng是一名科学家。 10．全文围绕中国商业太空旅行展开，介绍飞船、购票、政策扶持、多家航天企业布局，整体展示中国航天产业的发展与进步，其余选项仅为文中局部细节，并非写作核心目的。 二、完形填空 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet of the solar system (太阳系). It is 1 than the Earth with a diameter (直径) of 6,792 kilometres. If you stand on Mars and 2 the Sun, it will appear about half the size as we see it on the Earth. Mars is widely known as the 3 planet. Its red appearance is caused by the iron oxide (氧化铁) in the 4 . In many ways, Mars can be considered as the Earth’s 5 . On Mars’ surface, we have discovered the 6 mountain in the solar system. It is named Olympus Mons, and it is more than twice as 7 as the tallest mountain on the Earth. A 8 on Mars is also a little longer than a day on the Earth. It lasts about 24.6 9 . A year on Mars, however, or the time that takes for the red planet to 10 our Sun, lasts about 687 Earth days. That is almost 11 as long as a year on the Earth! In the 19th century, it was believed that 12 existed on Mars. An astronomer (天文学家) said that he “found” straight lines on 13 surface. Many people believed that 14 were the work of smart life as the straight lines were most likely to be canals for irrigation (灌溉渠). However, as more advanced telescopes (望远镜) were 15 , it was found that the straight lines were an optical illusion (视觉假象). To this day, humans are still trying to find out whether life exists on Mars. 1．A．brighter B．better C．smaller D．bigger 2．A．look at B．look for C．look up D．look after 3．A．blue B．red C．green D．white 4．A．air B．water C．sea D．ground 5．A．teacher B．mother C．brother D．father 6．A．tallest B．thinnest C．longest D．shortest 7．A．large B．high C．many D．wide 8．A．year B．month C．week D．day 9．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．decades 10．A．circle B．leave C．arrive D．come 11．A．once B．twice C．first D．second 12．A．life B．people C．animals D．plants 13．A．Earth’s B．Sun’s C．Mars’ D．Moon’s 14．A．this B．that C．these D．those 15．A．found B．made C．fallen D．Seen 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了火星的基本特征以及与地球的对比。 1．句意：火星是的直径为6,792公里，比地球的直径小。 brighter更明亮的；better更好的；smaller更小的；bigger更大的。根据“the second-smallest planet of the solar system”并结合常识可知，火星的直径比地球直径小。故选C。 2．句意：如果你站在火星上看太阳，它的大小大约是我们在地球上看到的一半。 look at看；look for寻找；look up查阅；look after照顾。根据“it will appear about half the size as we see it on the Earth.”可知是看太阳。故选A。 3．句意：火星被广泛称为红色星球。 blue蓝色的；red红色的；green绿色的；white白色的。根据“Its red appearance”可知火星呈“红色”。故选B。 4．句意：它的红色外观是由地下的氧化铁引起的。 air空气；water水；sea海；ground土地。根据“the iron oxide (氧化铁) in the”可知火星红色外观是土地里的氧化铁引起。故选D。 5．句意：在许多方面，火星可以被认为是地球的兄弟。 teacher老师；mother妈妈；brother兄弟；father爸爸。根据后文的对比“and it is more than twice as…as the tallest mountain on the Earth. A…on Mars is also a little longer than a day on the Earth.”可知，这里把地球和火星比作兄弟。故选C。 6．句意：在火星表面，我们发现了太阳系中最高的山。 tallest最高的；thinnest最瘦的；longest最长的；shortest最短的。根据“and it is more than twice as…as the tallest mountain on the Earth.”可知指“最高的山”。故选A。 7．句意：它被命名为奥林匹斯山，高度是地球上最高山峰的两倍多。 large大的；high高的；many许多；wide宽的。此处比较山的高度。故选B。 8．句意：火星上的一天也比地球上的一天长一点。 year年；month月；week周；day天。根据“than a day”可知，此处对比“一天”的时长。故选D。 9．句意：持续时间约24.6小时。 seconds秒；minutes分钟；hours小时；decades十年。根据“than a day”可知，此处对比“一天”的时长，单位应为小时。故选C。 10．句意：然而，在火星上的一年，或者说这颗红色行星绕太阳一周所需的时间，大约相当于687个地球日。 circle围绕，环行；leave离开；arrive到达；come来。此处指火星围绕太阳运动，应用circle。故选A。 11．句意：这几乎是地球上一年的两倍！ once一次；twice两次，两倍；first第一；second第二。根据“687 Earth days.”可知是地球上一年的两倍。故选B。 12．句意：在19世纪，人们认为火星上存在生命。 life生命；people人们；animals动物；plants植物。根据“the work of smart life as the straight lines were most likely to be canals for irrigation”可知，人们认为火星上存在生命。故选A。 13．句意：一位天文学家说，他在火星表面“发现”了直线。 Earth’s地球的；Sun’s太阳的；Mars’火星的；Moon’s月球的。根据“on Mars”可知，此处在说火星。故选C。 14．句意：许多人认为，这是智慧生命的成果，因为直线最有可能是灌溉渠。 this这个；that那个；these这些；those那些。此处指代前文中的straight lines，表示远指，用those。故选D。 15．句意：然而，随着更先进的望远镜被制做出来，人们发现直线是一种视错觉。 found发现；made制做；fallen落下；seen看见。根据“more advanced telescopes”可知是指制做望远镜。故选B。 一、阅读理解 A （2025· 聊城中考） Lan Huiyun is a geography teacher from Shuozhou, Shanxi Province. After his students finished the gaokao of 2024, he and 13 of his students experienced a special journey. He and his students finally reached Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province after riding about 2,000 kilometres in 18 days. They set off from their school. And before arriving in Qinghai, they passed through Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu. In early May 2024, Lan began to plan this journey. In order to make sure of the students’ safety, Lan helped them do some training in riding. However, they also faced many difficulties on the journey. “When I noticed the students were tired or felt down, I would give them some snacks or tell them a joke to encourage them to move forward,” he said. “Luckily, all of us persisted (坚持) and finally reached Qinghai Lake.” In fact, it was not the first time that Lan had organized such a journey for his students after the gaokao. In 2016, he and his 7 students rode from Shuozhou to Manzhouli. And in 2019, he and his 11 students spent 16 days riding from Shuozhou to Shanghai. Through the trips, Lan hopes the students will experience real life and learn how to deal with difficulties. “I have never thought that a teacher should only teach through books,” he said, “I’d like to bring more students to ride in the future.” 1．How did Lan Huiyun and his students reach Qinghai Lake? A．By bus. B．By bike. C．By train. D．By plane. 2．How long did the journey to Qinghai Lake take? A．11 days. B．13 days. C．16 days. D．18 days. 3．What did Lan Huiyun do on the journey in 2024? A．He planned the next journey. B．He helped the students do some training. C．He gave the students some water to drink. D．He encouraged the students to move forward. 4．What’s the correct order of the following things? ①Lan and his students got to Shanghai. ②Lan and his students arrived in Manzhouli. ③Lan and his students reached Qinghai Lake. ④Lan began to plan the journey to Qinghai Lake. A．①③②④ B．③④①② C．②①④③ D．④③①② 5．What’s the best title (题目) for this passage? A．A special journey B．The advantages of riding C．How to deal with difficulties D．An experience before the gaokao 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了地理老师兰会云在学生们完成2024年高考后，带领他们骑行约2000公里，历经18天到达青海湖的特殊旅程，以及兰老师之前组织过的类似骑行活动，体现了兰老师希望学生们通过旅行体验真实生活、学会应对困难的愿望。 1．细节理解题。根据“He and his students finally reached Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province after riding about 2,000 kilometres in 18 days.”可知，兰会云和他的学生们是骑自行车到达青海湖的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“He and his students finally reached Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province after riding about 2,000 kilometres in 18 days.”可知，到达青海湖的旅程花了18天。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“When I noticed the students were tired or felt down, I would give them some snacks or tell them a joke to encourage them to move forward”可知，在2024年的旅途中，兰会云会鼓励学生继续前进。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“In 2016, he and his 7 students rode from Shuozhou to Manzhouli.”可知，②“兰和他的学生们到达满洲里”排在第一；根据“And in 2019, he and his 11 students spent 16 days riding from Shuozhou to Shanghai.”可知，①“兰和他的学生们到达上海”排在第二；根据“In early May 2024, Lan began to plan this journey.”可知，④“兰开始计划去青海湖的旅程”排在第三；根据“He and his students finally reached Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province after riding about 2,000 kilometres in 18 days.”可知，③“兰和他的学生们到达青海湖”排在第四。因此正确的顺序是②①④③。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了兰会云老师带领学生们进行的一次特殊骑行旅程，因此最佳标题是“一次特殊的旅程”。故选A。 B(阅读还原） （2025·滨州中考） The weekend is a good time to study and relax. What do you usually do on the weekend? How can you make it more meaningful? 6 Make a good plan. A good plan is the key to success. 7 Make good use of time to study or pay attention to something that you’re interested in. For example, you can plan to review what you’ve learned at school. You can also prepare schoolwork for next week. Develop some new skills. 8 You can take up new hobbies like dancing, playing the piano and swimming. Learning to do chores can also help develop your independence and teach you how to look after yourself. The more skills you have, the better it is for your future. 9 The weekend can help build a closer relationship with your family. You can have enjoyable conversations with them to share your happiness. You can also ask them for help when you have problems, because they are always there to help you. Enjoy nature. Enjoying the beauty of nature is a perfect way to relax. 10 You can also go to the beach to enjoy the warm sunshine and fresh air. Maybe you will be pleased to find some surprises around you. By keeping a balance (平衡) between learning and relaxation (放松), you’ll have a more meaningful weekend. A．Spend time with family. B．Here are some useful suggestions. C．Try to improve your physical health. D．It’s necessary to make a plan for your weekend. E．It can help you to understand the idea of fairness. F．The weekend is a great time for self-improvement. G．You can walk around the park or go camping in the mountains. 【答案】6．B 7．D 8．F 9．A 10．G 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何让周末更有意义，包括制定计划、培养新技能、陪伴家人和享受大自然等方面的建议。 6．根据文章开头“The weekend is a good time to study and relax. What do you usually do on the weekend? How can you make it more meaningful?”以及下文给出的具体建议可知，此处需要一句引出建议的话，选项B“以下是一些有用的建议”符合语境。故选B。 7．根据“A good plan is the key to success.”可知，好的计划是成功的关键，选项D“为你的周末制定计划是必要的”符合语境。故选D。 8．根据“Develop some new skills.”和“You can take up new hobbies like dancing, playing the piano and swimming.”可知，你可以培养新的爱好，学习新技能，选项F“周末是自我提升的好时机”符合语境。故选F。 9．根据“The weekend can help build a closer relationship with your family.”可知，周末可以帮助建立更亲密的家庭关系，选项A“花时间陪伴家人”符合语境。故选A。 10．根据“Enjoying the beauty of nature is a perfect way to relax.”可知，享受大自然的美丽是放松的完美方式，选项G“你可以在公园散步或去山上露营”符合语境。故选G。 二、阅读填空 （2026·济南天桥一模） With the development of China-Russia relations, more and more Chinese students begin to study Russian to prepare 1 studying in Russia. Also, many people study it to work on China-Russia trade and tourism. Tanya who comes from Russia is working in China. She 2 (teach) Russian at a high school in Jilin, China. During the past year, Tanya and her students 3 (become) good friends. To her surprise, she got many different 4 (gift) on Chinese Teachers’ Day. It was her first time to have such 5 interesting experience in the country. Tanya loves China. “There 6 (be) many people who can speak Russian in China and they are kind to me. I like them and I feel happy to live here.” Tanya said. She also enjoys Chinese food and is 7 (interest) in using mobile payment. As Tanya often puts pictures of her life on the Internet, her friends in Russia often ask her different kinds of questions about China. “For many Russians, China is a great country, so I often invite them 8 (visit).” Tanya said. Tanya thinks of 9 (she) as a bridge to connect China and Russia. 10 , she thinks that she is “only a little bridge and bigger bridges need to be set up”. 【答案】1. for 2. teaches 3. have become 4. gifts 5. an 6. are 7. interested 8. to visit 9. herself 10. However 【解析】 【导语】俄罗斯教师Tanya在吉林教俄语，深爱中国，她充当中俄交流的桥梁，但认为还需要更多人搭建沟通纽带。 1.固定搭配 prepare for，意为“为……做准备”，句意为越来越多中国学生学俄语为赴俄学习做准备。 2. 本段整体为一般现在时，主语She是第三人称单数，动词teach使用三单形式teaches。 3. 时间标志During the past year（在过去一年里），是现在完成时标志，主语Tanya and her students为复数，故填have become。 4. many（许多）后接可数名词复数，gift复数形式为gifts。 5. experience此处表示“一段经历”，为可数名词单数；interesting以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。 6. there be句型，后面many people是复数名词，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。 7.固定搭配be interested in，意为“对……感兴趣”，修饰人用-ed形容词interested。 8. 固定搭配invite sb. to do sth.，意为“邀请某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。 9.固定搭配think of oneself as…，表示“把自己看作……”，此处用反身代词herself。 10. 前后存在转折关系：她自认是中俄沟通桥梁，但又说自己只是小桥，还需要搭建更多桥梁；空格后有逗号，填转折副词However。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Beyond Earth 课时4 Section B (1a-1e) 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇 1. in case 2. board 3. on board 4. completely 5. cooperate 6. cooperate with 7. set foot on 句型 1. was launched 2.is carried 3.will be developed 4.been landed 一、单词默写。 1. god 2. mysterious 3. spacecraft 4. board 5. billion 6. trillion 7. completely 8. cooperate 9. galaxy 10. imagination 11. expectation 12. curious 13. likely 二、词组默写。 1. in case 2. on board 3. prefer to 4. since the beginning of human history 5.in that case 6. at present 7. hundreds of thousands of years 8. wild dream 9. cooperate with one another 10.be curious about 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. mystery 2. spacecraft 3. complete；complete 4. expectation；expected 5. cooperation 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.In that case 2.In case 3. cooperating with one another 4.It seems likely that 5.been curious about 6. close to 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. mysterious 2. completely 3. expectations 4. cooperation 5. spacecraft 6. are cleaned 7. will be made 8. was bought 9. have been shared 10. be reused 二、阅读填空。 1. truth 2. was launched 3. by 4. but 5. bigger 6. months 7. their 8. to get 9. a 10. will reach 一、阅读理解 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 二、完形填空 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 一、阅读理解 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．F 9．A 10．G 二、阅读填空 1. for 2. teaches 3. have become 4. gifts 5. an 6. are 7. interested 8. to visit 9. herself 10. However ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 2 Beyond Earth 课时4 Section B (1a-1e) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 以防万一 ____________ 2. 板；牌子 ____________ 3. 在船（或火车、飞机）上 ____________ 4. 彻底地；完全地 ____________ 5. 合作；协作 ____________ 6. 合作；协作；配合 ____________ 7. 访问；参观（某地） ____________ 句型 1. 这艘航天器于1977年发射升空。 This spacecraft _______________ in 1977. 2. 一张存有地球声音与图像的特制唱片被搭载在飞行器上。 A special record with sounds and pictures from Earth__________ on board. 3. 所需的相关技术将会被研发出来。 The necessary technology ___________________. 4. 探测车已经被成功送上火星。 Rovers have successfully ____________ on Mars. 一、单词默写。 1. 神 ________ 2. 神秘的；奇怪的 ________ 3. 宇宙飞船 ________ 4. 板；牌子 ________ 5. 十亿 ________ 6. 万亿；兆 ________ 7. 彻底地；完全地 ________ 8. 合作；协作 ________ 9. 星系 ________ 10. 想象力；想像 ________ 11. 期望；希望 ________ 12. 好奇的；求知欲强的 ________ 13. 可能的；有希望的；或许；很可能 ________ 二、词组默写。 1. 以防万一 ________ 2. 在船（或火车、飞机）上 ________ 3. 更喜欢；宁愿 ________ 4. 自人类历史之初 ________ 5. 既然那样；在那种情况下 ________ 6. 目前 ________ 7. 数十万年 ________ 8. 不切实际的幻想 ________ 9. 相互合作 ________ 10. 对……感到好奇 ____________ 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. mysterious adj. 神秘的: ________n.秘；谜团 2. spacecraft 宇宙飞船: _________ 复数形式 3. completely adv. 彻底地；完全地： __________ adj. lete 完整的；完成的; __________v.完 4.expect v.期待；预料:__________n. 期望；希望; ____________ adj 预期的 5. cooperate v. 合作；协作: _____________ n.合作 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 在那种情况下，人类将会需要一处新的家园。 _______________, a new home for us human beings will be needed. 2. 以防旅行者一号被外星生命发现，飞行器上搭载了一张存有地球声音与影像的特制唱片。 ___________Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. 3. 虽然当下这件事还无法实现，但各国科学家相互合作，有望研发出所需技术。 While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists _________________, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. 4. 我们终有一天能够抵达星辰，这看起来很有可能。 _______________ one day we will reach the stars. 5. 人类长久以来都对星辰充满好奇。 Humans have long ________________ the stars. 6. 还没有任何宇宙飞船近距离抵达过恒星。 No spacecraft has travelled ____________a star. 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The old forest looks_________(mystery) at night. 2.The room was __________ (complete) cleaned before guests arrived. 3. We have high ____________(except) for space exploration. 4. International ____________(cooperate) speeds up space tech development. 5.Several ___________(spacecraft) have been sent to explore Mars. 6. All the windows ________ (clean) every weekend by my mother. 7. A birthday cake ________ (make) for me tomorrow. 8. This nice sweater ________ (buy) last winter. 9. Many interesting stories ________ (share) online so far. 10. Old clothes can________ ( reuse) to make small bags. 二、阅读填空。 Reaching For the Stars Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as technology and science developed, we learnt the11._______( true)about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are farther away than anyone imagined. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft 2._________( launch) in 1977. In case Voyager 1 is found 3.________ alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. It shows who we are and where we are from. By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 2.5 billion kilometres from Earth, 4.________ that is still a long way from Earth's second-closest star, Proxima Centauri. That star is 4.2 light years away—about 40 trillion kilometres! The challenge of visiting the stars gets even 5.________(big) for space flights with humans. The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, to the far side of the moon. Time is a big problem. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine 6._________(month). What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? And how about 7._______(they) health and safety? These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. It might take hundreds of thousands of years 8.________( get )there! Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not 9._______ completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we 1o._________(reach)the stars. 一、阅读理解 A So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see , China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kua Fu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites , we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China , space scientists get ideas from ________  when naming satellites. ①old stories   ②traditional projects    ③ancient famous people     ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．①④ 2．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result 3．Which is the right structure of the passage?  (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. 5．In which section of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Public Service B．Science World C．Green Lifestyle D．Healthy Life B Are you interested in exploring the universe? Have you ever dreamed of floating in space? For people in China, that dream is coming true. From film stars to scientists, more than 20 famous people in China have booked seats on the country’s first commercial (商业的) spaceflight. The tickets are sold by a Beijing-based space company. Each seat costs 3 million yuan. That sounds like a lot, but it is much cheaper than a trip with Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which can cost up to 50 million dollars. To save a seat, passengers must pay 10% ahead. The company plans to send its first passengers into space by 2028. The spaceship, called CYZI, can carry 6 people. After launch (发射), it will separate from the rocket at about 70 kilometers above the ground. Then it will cross the Karman Line, the widely accepted edge of space. After that, it will return safely to Earth with parachutes (降落伞). Some of the passengers include Scientist Li Licheng, Poet Lin Xiaoyan, and Actor Huang Jingyu. In a video released by the company, one passenger said, “The world always needs a few people who are a little crazy.” China is supporting commercial space travel more than ever. In 2025, the China National Space Administration announced (宣布) a plan to give companies more passages to rocket test facilities (设施). Aerospace is also listed as a key industry in China’s latest Five-Year Plan. Other Chinese companies are also joining the race. A host from one company even sold 2 tickets during a livestream. Each ticket required a passenger to pay ¥ 50,000 ahead. Space travel may soon become possible for more people in China. Are you brave enough to join them on a trip to the stars? 6．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving an example. D．By making a comparison. 7．What does the underlined word “floating” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Flying. B．Surviving. C．Working. D．Racing. 8．How many people can CYZI carry? A．2. B．6. C．20. D．70. 9．What is Li Licheng? A．A poet. B．An actor. C．A scientist. D．A host. 10．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this text? A．To introduce the Karman Line. B．To describe China’s latest Five-Year Plan. C．To explain the ways to book a space ticket. D．To show the progress of China’s space industry. 二、完形填空 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet of the solar system (太阳系). It is 1 than the Earth with a diameter (直径) of 6,792 kilometres. If you stand on Mars and 2 the Sun, it will appear about half the size as we see it on the Earth. Mars is widely known as the 3 planet. Its red appearance is caused by the iron oxide (氧化铁) in the 4 . In many ways, Mars can be considered as the Earth’s 5 . On Mars’ surface, we have discovered the 6 mountain in the solar system. It is named Olympus Mons, and it is more than twice as 7 as the tallest mountain on the Earth. A 8 on Mars is also a little longer than a day on the Earth. It lasts about 24.6 9 . A year on Mars, however, or the time that takes for the red planet to 10 our Sun, lasts about 687 Earth days. That is almost 11 as long as a year on the Earth! In the 19th century, it was believed that 12 existed on Mars. An astronomer (天文学家) said that he “found” straight lines on 13 surface. Many people believed that 14 were the work of smart life as the straight lines were most likely to be canals for irrigation (灌溉渠). However, as more advanced telescopes (望远镜) were 15 , it was found that the straight lines were an optical illusion (视觉假象). To this day, humans are still trying to find out whether life exists on Mars. 1．A．brighter B．better C．smaller D．bigger 2．A．look at B．look for C．look up D．look after 3．A．blue B．red C．green D．white 4．A．air B．water C．sea D．ground 5．A．teacher B．mother C．brother D．father 6．A．tallest B．thinnest C．longest D．shortest 7．A．large B．high C．many D．wide 8．A．year B．month C．week D．day 9．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．decades 10．A．circle B．leave C．arrive D．come 11．A．once B．twice C．first D．second 12．A．life B．people C．animals D．plants 13．A．Earth’s B．Sun’s C．Mars’ D．Moon’s 14．A．this B．that C．these D．those 15．A．found B．made C．fallen D．Seen 一、阅读理解 A （2025· 聊城中考） Lan Huiyun is a geography teacher from Shuozhou, Shanxi Province. After his students finished the gaokao of 2024, he and 13 of his students experienced a special journey. He and his students finally reached Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province after riding about 2,000 kilometres in 18 days. They set off from their school. And before arriving in Qinghai, they passed through Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu. In early May 2024, Lan began to plan this journey. In order to make sure of the students’ safety, Lan helped them do some training in riding. However, they also faced many difficulties on the journey. “When I noticed the students were tired or felt down, I would give them some snacks or tell them a joke to encourage them to move forward,” he said. “Luckily, all of us persisted (坚持) and finally reached Qinghai Lake.” In fact, it was not the first time that Lan had organized such a journey for his students after the gaokao. In 2016, he and his 7 students rode from Shuozhou to Manzhouli. And in 2019, he and his 11 students spent 16 days riding from Shuozhou to Shanghai. Through the trips, Lan hopes the students will experience real life and learn how to deal with difficulties. “I have never thought that a teacher should only teach through books,” he said, “I’d like to bring more students to ride in the future.” 1．How did Lan Huiyun and his students reach Qinghai Lake? A．By bus. B．By bike. C．By train. D．By plane. 2．How long did the journey to Qinghai Lake take? A．11 days. B．13 days. C．16 days. D．18 days. 3．What did Lan Huiyun do on the journey in 2024? A．He planned the next journey. B．He helped the students do some training. C．He gave the students some water to drink. D．He encouraged the students to move forward. 4．What’s the correct order of the following things? ①Lan and his students got to Shanghai. ②Lan and his students arrived in Manzhouli. ③Lan and his students reached Qinghai Lake. ④Lan began to plan the journey to Qinghai Lake. A．①③②④ B．③④①② C．②①④③ D．④③①② 5．What’s the best title (题目) for this passage? A．A special journey B．The advantages of riding C．How to deal with difficulties D．An experience before the gaokao B(阅读还原） （2025·滨州中考） The weekend is a good time to study and relax. What do you usually do on the weekend? How can you make it more meaningful? 6 Make a good plan. A good plan is the key to success. 7 Make good use of time to study or pay attention to something that you’re interested in. For example, you can plan to review what you’ve learned at school. You can also prepare schoolwork for next week. Develop some new skills. 8 You can take up new hobbies like dancing, playing the piano and swimming. Learning to do chores can also help develop your independence and teach you how to look after yourself. The more skills you have, the better it is for your future. 9 The weekend can help build a closer relationship with your family. You can have enjoyable conversations with them to share your happiness. You can also ask them for help when you have problems, because they are always there to help you. Enjoy nature. Enjoying the beauty of nature is a perfect way to relax. 10 You can also go to the beach to enjoy the warm sunshine and fresh air. Maybe you will be pleased to find some surprises around you. By keeping a balance (平衡) between learning and relaxation (放松), you’ll have a more meaningful weekend. A．Spend time with family. B．Here are some useful suggestions. C．Try to improve your physical health. D．It’s necessary to make a plan for your weekend. E．It can help you to understand the idea of fairness. F．The weekend is a great time for self-improvement. G．You can walk around the park or go camping in the mountains. 二、阅读填空 （2026·济南天桥一模） With the development of China-Russia relations, more and more Chinese students begin to study Russian to prepare 1 studying in Russia. Also, many people study it to work on China-Russia trade and tourism. Tanya who comes from Russia is working in China. She 2 (teach) Russian at a high school in Jilin, China. During the past year, Tanya and her students 3 (become) good friends. To her surprise, she got many different 4 (gift) on Chinese Teachers’ Day. It was her first time to have such 5 interesting experience in the country. Tanya loves China. “There 6 (be) many people who can speak Russian in China and they are kind to me. I like them and I feel happy to live here.” Tanya said. She also enjoys Chinese food and is 7 (interest) in using mobile payment. As Tanya often puts pictures of her life on the Internet, her friends in Russia often ask her different kinds of questions about China. “For many Russians, China is a great country, so I often invite them 8 (visit).” Tanya said. Tanya thinks of 9 (she) as a bridge to connect China and Russia. 10 , she thinks that she is “only a little bridge and bigger bridges need to be set up”. $