Unit 1 课时5 Section B Vocabulary in use 2a-2c（分层作业）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 本练习以“分层进阶+素养融合”为特色，通过A组基础巩固、B组能力提升、C组思维拓展及中考链接，构建从词汇句型到语篇应用的完整知识巩固路径，适配新授课差异化教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组|核心词汇默写、词形转换、基础句型|通过单词/词组默写、词性转换题夯实语言基础，培养语言能力| |B组|词汇语境运用、语法规则应用|设置单词适当形式填空、阅读填空，实现单一知识点到语境应用的过渡| |C组|语篇理解、逻辑推理|采用阅读理解（含历史发明类文本）、完形填空，提升思维品质与跨文化意识| |拓展|中考题型适配|整合中考真题（阅读理解、阅读还原等），衔接阶段测评，发展学习能力|

Unit 1 Power of Ideas 课时5 Section B (Vocabulary in use 2a-2c) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 迅速地；快速地 rapidly 2. 买得起；能做 afford 3. 公司；陪伴 company 4. 黏（性）的；闷热的 sticky 5. 生产；制作 produce 6. 逐渐地；逐步地 gradually 7. 广泛地；普遍地 widely 8. 试图找到做某事的方法 be looking to do sth 句型 1. 1911年1月，冯如在奥克兰市进行了一次公开试飞。他向世界展现了中国人能够取得的成就。 In January 1911, Feng Ru carried out a public test flight in Oakland City. He showed the world what Chinese people could achieve. 2. 1968年，一位名叫斯宾塞·西尔弗的科学家正试图研制一种强粘性胶水。 In 1968, a scientist named Spencer Silver was trying to make a strong glue. 3. 这种胶水很有意思，但没人能找到它的实际用途。 The glue was interesting, but no one could find a use for it. . 一、单词默写。 1. 迅速地；快速地 ________________ 2. 买得起；能做 ________________ 3. 公司；陪伴 ________________ 4. 黏（性）的；闷热的 ________________ 5. 歌曲集 ________________ 6. 生产；制作 ________________ 7. 逐渐地；逐步地 ________________ 8. 广泛地；普遍地 ________________ 【答案】1. rapidly 2. afford 3. company 4. sticky 5. songbook 6. produce 7. gradually 8. widely 二、词组默写。 1. 试图找到做某事的方法 ________________ 2. 问题的解决方案 ________________ 3. 负担得起做某事；有能力做某事 ________________ 4. 在将来；未来 ________________ 5. 执行；实施；开展 ________________ 6. 导致；引起 ________________ 7. 便利贴的发明 ________________ 8. 一片/一张/一块（量词短语） ________________ 9. 站起来；起立 ________________ 10. 导致；造成 ________________ 11. 令某人惊讶的是 ________________ 【答案】1. be looking to do sth 2. a solution to the problem 3. afford to do 4. in the future 5. carry out 6. lead to 7. the invention of sticky notes 8. a piece of 9. stand up 10. result in 11. to sb's surprise 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1.stick v. 粘贴；坚持：_______ adj. 黏（性）的 2. gradual adj. 逐渐的: _______ adv. 逐渐地 3.wide adj. 宽的；广泛的：_________ adv. 广泛地；普遍地; _________v. 拓宽；使变宽 4. product n. 产品；产物: ________ v.生产；制造; _______ n.生产；产量; _______adj. 多产的；富有成效的 5. collect v.收集；采集: __________n.收藏品；收集（行为）; ________ adj.集体的；共同的 6.create v. 创造；创作: _________ n. 创造；作品; _______ n.创造力; _______ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的 7.invent v. 发明；创造: _______ n.发明物；发明; _______n.发明家 _______adj. 善于发明的；有创新精神的 【答案】1. sticky 2.gradually 3.widely ;widen 4.produce; production; productive 5. collection; collective 6.  creation; creativity; creative 7.invention; inventor; inventive 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 然而，每当他起身唱歌时，这些纸片就会掉到地上。 However, ______________to sing, the pieces fell to the floor. 2. 弗莱的想法促成了多种尺寸和颜色的便利贴的生产。 Fry's idea ____________ the production of sticky notes of many sizes and colours. 3. 你知道便利贴的发明源于一次意外吗？ Did you know that an accident ____________ the invention of sticky notes? 【答案】1.whenever he stood up 2.resulted in 3. led to 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The museum has a large ___________(collect) of ancient inventions. 2. Art classes can help students develop their ___________(create). 3. She is a ____________(create) designer with many new ideas. 4.The __________(invent) boy made many small tools by himself. 5.The ___________(produce) of cars has increased this year. 6.We had a __________(product) productive meeting and solved many problems. 7.There is a pile of __________(stick) notes on the desk. 8.Sticky notes __________(gradual) became popular all over the world. 9. The invention of the plane is now _________(wide) used in the field of travel. 10.However, whenever he stood up ________( sing ), the pieces fell to the floor. 【答案】1. collection 2. creativity 3. creative 4. inventive 5. production 6. productive 7. sticky 8. gradually 9. widely 10. to sing 【解析】 1. 句意：这家博物馆藏有大量古代发明展品。 解析：空格前有不定冠词a和形容词large，需填入名词。动词collect（收集）的名词形式为collection，a large collection of 是固定搭配，意为“大量的……收藏品”。 2. 句意：美术课能帮助学生培养创造力。 解析：空格前为形容词性物主代词their，需填入名词。动词create（创造）的名词形式为creativity，意为“创造力”，为不可数名词。 3. 句意：她是一位有很多新想法、富有创造力的设计师。 解析：空格后是名词designer，需填入形容词作定语。动词create的形容词形式为creative，意为“有创造力的；创造性的”。 4. 句意：这个善于发明创造的男孩自己制作了很多小工具。 解析：空格后是名词boy，需填入形容词作定语。动词invent（发明）的形容词形式为inventive，意为“有发明才能的、善于创新的”。 5. 句意：今年汽车的产量有所提升。 解析：空格位于定冠词the和介词of之间，需填入名词。动词produce（生产）的名词形式为production，意为“产量；生产”。 6. 句意：我们开了一场富有成效的会议，解决了很多问题。 解析：空格后是名词meeting，需填入形容词作定语。名词product（产品）的形容词形式为productive，意为“富有成效的；多产的”。 7. 句意：桌子上有一沓便利贴。 解析：空格后是名词notes，需填入形容词作定语。stick的形容词形式为sticky，意为“黏的、有黏性的”；sticky notes 是固定表达，指“便利贴、便签纸”。 8. 句意：便利贴逐渐在全世界流行起来。 解析：空格修饰动词became，需填入副词。形容词gradual（逐渐的）的副词形式为gradually，意为“逐渐地”。 9. 句意：飞机这项发明如今在旅行领域被广泛应用。 解析：空格修饰动词used，需填入副词。形容词wide（宽的）的副词形式为widely，意为“广泛地”。 10. 句意：然而，每当他站起来唱歌时，碎片就会掉到地上。 解析：此处考查固定结构stand up to do sth.，用不定式to sing作目的状语，表示“站起来去做某事”。 二、阅读填空。 Did you know that an accident led to the 1._________(invent) of sticky notes? In 1968, a scientist named Spencer Silver was trying to make 2._______strong glue. To his surprise, he produced a glue that was really weak. It could stick things, but it could be removed very 3.________(easy) . The glue was interesting, but no one could find a use 4._______ it. Then, in 1974, a man 5.________(call) Arthur Fry was trying to mark the pages in a songbook using small 6.________(piece) of paper. 7.________, whenever he stood up to sing, the pieces fell to the floor. Then he remembered Silver's glue. With the glue, the paper stayed in the songbook, but it could later 8._________( remove). Fry's idea resulted in the 9._________(produce) of sticky notes of many sizes and colours. They gradually became popular and now are widely 10._________(use)all over the world. 【答案】1. invention 2. a 3. easily 4. for 5. called 6. pieces 7. However 8. be removed 9. production 10. used 【解析】  【导语】本文是一篇科普小故事，讲述了便利贴这一日常用品源于一场意外的发明的完整过程，还原了弱胶水的发现、书签需求的启发到最终产品问世的脉络。本题核心考点涵盖词性转换、冠词、介词、非谓语、被动语态、逻辑连词，解题需结合句子结构和上下文逻辑判断词形与搭配。 1. 答案：invention 句意：你知道吗，一场意外促成了便利贴的发明。 解析：空格前有定冠词the，需填入名词。动词invent（发明）的名词形式为invention，意为“发明”。 2. 答案：a 句意：1968年，一位名叫斯宾塞·西尔弗的科学家正试图研制一种强力胶水。 解析：glue此处表示“一种胶水”，为可数名词单数；strong以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表泛指。 3. 答案：easily 句意：它能粘住东西，但可以很轻松地被揭下来。 解析：空格修饰动词be removed，需填入副词。形容词easy的副词形式为easily，意为“容易地、轻松地”。 4. 答案：for 句意：这种胶水很有意思，但没人能找到它的用途。 解析：考查固定搭配 find a use for sth.，意为“找到某物的用途”，为固定介词搭配。 5. 答案：called 句意：1974年，一个名叫亚瑟·弗莱的人尝试用小纸片在歌本里做页码标记。 解析：此处用过去分词called作后置定语，修饰a man，意为“名叫……的”，表被动含义。 6. 答案：pieces 句意：同上。 解析：piece是可数名词，意为“片、张”，此处表泛指的多张纸片，需用复数形式pieces。 7. 答案：However 句意：然而，每当他站起来唱歌时，纸片就会掉到地上。 解析：前后句为转折关系：前句说想用纸片做标记，后句说纸片总会掉落。空后有逗号，用However承接转折逻辑，句首首字母大写。 8. 答案：be removed 句意：有了这种胶水，纸片能固定在歌本里，之后又可以被揭下来。 解析：it指代the paper，和动词remove（移除、揭下）是被动关系；情态动词could后接被动结构be done，故填be removed。 9. 答案：production 句意：弗莱的想法促成了多种尺寸和颜色的便利贴的生产。 解析：空格前有定冠词the，后有介词of，需填入名词。动词produce（生产）的名词形式为production，意为“生产、产出”。 10. 答案：used 句意：它们逐渐流行起来，如今在全世界被广泛使用。 解析：主语They指代便利贴，和动词use是被动关系；结合are widely可知为一般现在时的被动语态，填use的过去分词used。 一、阅读理解 A History of everyday things Many things in our daily life have their own history. Let’s read on to find out. Chewing gum (口香糖) is one of the oldest candies in the world. Ancient people enjoyed chewing natural resin (树脂) from trees. This was the earliest form of “chewing gum”. The ancient Greeks, for example, chewed (嚼) resin to clean their teeth and freshen (使清新) their breath (口气) . The modern chewing gum we have today dates back to 1848. It was first made and sold by an American named John Bacon Curtis. The story of roller coasters (过山车) began in 17th-century Russia. During winters, people went to special places called “Russian Mountains”. These were steep slides (陡峭的滑梯) made of wood and covered in ice—some even over 20 metres high! People would sit on sleds (雪橇) and race down at top speed. The excitement of these ice slides later gave Europeans ideas. In the 19th century, they created similar rides and the rides didn’t need cold weather. Paris became the birthplace of the first wheeled (轮式的) roller coasters. The earliest known vending machine (售货机) dates all the way back to the first century. The first one was made by an Ancient Greek mathematician (数学家) named Heron. It was used in temples (寺庙) to sell “holy water”. When people put a coin in, the coin would fall onto a small plate. The weight of the coin would then open a valve (阀门), and the water would come out by itself. 1．What did ancient Greeks chew resin for? A．To make candy. B．To clean teeth. C．To build sleds. D．To sell water. 2．When was the modern chewing gum first made and sold? A．In the 19th century. B．In the 3rd century. C．In the 17th century. D．At the end of 1948. 3．What was the difference between Russian Mountains and the first wheeled roller coasters in Paris? A．The Paris rides were much higher. B．The Paris rides were made of wood. C．The Paris rides were slower than sleds. D．The Paris rides used wheels and didn’t need ice. 4．How did Heron’s ancient vending machine work? A．The coin started a fire to heat the water. B．The coin broke the glass and then water came out. C．The coin made a sound that told the worker to give water. D．The coin’s weight pushed a plate, which then opened a valve. 5．How did the writer organize the passage? A．By comparing different inventions from the same country. B．By telling stories about how the inventions were made by accident. C．By introducing the history and development of different everyday things. D．By giving instructions on how to use chewing gum and vending machines. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种日常用品（口香糖、过山车、自动售货机）的起源和发展历史。 1．“Chewing gum”部分写道“The ancient Greeks, for example, chewed resin to clean their teeth and freshen their breath.”，该句直接说明古希腊人嚼树脂是为了清洁牙齿和清新口气。 2．“Chewing gum”部分写道“The modern chewing gum we have today dates back to 1848. It was first made and sold by an American named John Bacon Curtis.”，1848年属于19世纪（1800-1899）。 3．“The story of roller coasters”部分写道“In the 19th century, they created similar rides and the rides didn’t need cold weather. Paris became the birthplace of the first wheeled roller coasters.”，该句说明巴黎的过山车使用了轮子且不需要寒冷天气，而俄罗斯山脉的冰滑梯需要冰雪。 4．“The earliest known vending machine”部分写道“When people put a coin in, the coin would fall onto a small plate. The weight of the coin would then open a valve, and the water would come out by itself.”，该句详细说明了硬币的重量压到小盘子后打开阀门，水就流出来了。 5．全文分为三个独立部分，分别介绍了口香糖、过山车和自动售货机的历史渊源和发展过程。各部分按照“物品名称——历史起源——发展演变”的方式组织，因此C项“通过介绍不同日常用品的历史和发展”正确。 B The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. The Yangtze River, China’s longest river, often caused serious floods in the past, bringing disasters to millions of people. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. People began to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They moved mountains, changed the river’s path to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building! Today, the dam plays a key role in China. It has greatly reduced flood risks protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected system helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section, When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to this modern wonder. Students learn about its achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with determination (决心), humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 6．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph I refer to (指代)？ A．The Yangtze River. B．The Xiling Gorge. C．The Three Gorges Dam. D．The engineering project. 7．What are the uses of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage? a. Controlling floods        b. Producing clean energy c. Creating new tourist places        d. Improving ship transportation A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 8．What physics principle allows ships to pass through the dam’s gates smoothly? A． B． C． D． 9．Which is the right structure of the passage?（①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2,…） A． B． C． D． 10．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To list the dam’s benefits to society. B．To describe challenges in building the dam. C．To explain why Chinese people built the dam. D．To praise Chinese people’s wisdom and creativity. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于中国湖北省的三峡大坝。文章涵盖了大坝的地理位置、建设背景与过程、在防洪和发电等方面的重要作用，以及它作为中国智慧与创造力象征的意义。 6．根据第一段第一句“The Three Gorges Dam... is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects...”以及第二句“It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge... ”可知，这里的“It”紧承上文的主语，指代的是前一句提到的“The Three Gorges Dam”。 7．根据第四段内容分析：“It has greatly reduced flood risks... ”对应 a. Controlling floods(控制洪水)；“The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity... ”对应 b. Producing clean energy(生产清洁能源)；“Its connected system helps ships pass. ”对应 d. Improving ship transportation(改善船舶运输)。文中虽然提到游客参观，但并未明确将其列为建设大坝的主要用途之一(creating new tourist places)，且前三者是大坝的核心功能。因此组合为abd。 8．根据第四段对船闸的描述：“Ships enter a lock and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section... the ship moves to the next lock. ”可知利用水位变化让船闸内外水位相同，船舶能顺利通过，连通器原理和图片C相同。 9．第①段是总起，第②③④段分别从不同方面展开叙述(并列关系)，第⑤段进行总结。这属于“总—分—总”结构，或者说是首尾呼应，中间三段并列的结构。 10．通读全文，文章不仅介绍了大坝的功能，还重点描写了建设过程的艰难、大坝的宏伟规模以及它所代表的“中国人的智慧和辛勤工作”、“勇气和创造力”。最后一段更是升华主题，强调其象征意义。因此，作者不仅仅是列举好处（A项太片面），也不仅仅是解释原因（C项太片面），而是通过描述大坝的成就来赞扬中国人民的智慧和创造力。 二、完形填空 To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will 1 you are able to touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they 2 the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to –30 degrees. Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and 3 weather. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the 4 of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was 5 to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gong Bu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres 6 sea level. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step on his 7 . Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag 8 above the world’s highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do 9 . This time, they brought a 10 to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to 11 its height—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 12 , but many fail. Why do people still 13 their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and 14 cannot be stopped. Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is 15 “because it’s there”! 1．A．look like B．feel like C．sound like D．taste like 2．A．escape B．survive C．refuse D．cause 3．A．stable B．mild C．changeable D．predictable 4．A．bottom B．top C．side D．edge 5．A．hesitant B．afraid C．determined D．unwilling 6．A．under B．above C．behind D．beside 7．A．hands B．shoulders C．feet D．back 8．A．fell B．disappeared C．flew D．shook 9．A．survey B．research C．trade D．holiday 10．A．rope B．ladder C．tool D．stick 11．A．measure B．judge C．guess D．count 12．A．smoothly B．successfully C．hurriedly D．quietly 13．A．save B．risk C．protect D．devote 14．A．laziness B．ambition C．weakness D．kindness 15．A．simply B．hardly C．mostly D．Nearly 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的极端环境、中国登山队首次从北坡成功登顶的壮举、后续的科学考察与辅助设施建设，以及探讨了人类为何不畏艰险攀登高峰的精神动力。 1．句意：在地球上最高的地方，你会感觉好像能触摸到天空。 look like看起来像；feel like感觉像；sound like听起来像；taste like尝起来像。根据“you are able to touch the sky”可知，这是在描述登顶时的一种主观“感觉”。故选B。 2．句意：但只有最优秀的登山者才能到达山顶，而且那还必须是在他们首先经受住了恶劣条件之后。 escape逃脱；survive经受住，幸存；refuse拒绝；cause引起。根据“the terrible conditions first”可知，登山者需要先“经受住”恶劣条件才能登顶。故选B。 3．句意：登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高高的悬崖和多变的天气。 stable稳定的；mild温和的；changeable多变的；predictable可预测的。根据“thin air, high cliffs, and...weather”可知，高山上的天气是“多变的”。故选C。 4．句意：1960年之前，没有人能够从北坡到达珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。 bottom底部；top顶部；side侧面；edge边缘。根据“reach the...of Qomolangma”和登山目标可知，是到达“顶峰”。故选B。 5．句意：登山者们甚至称那条路为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心完成这次攀登。 hesitant犹豫的；afraid害怕的；determined有决心的；unwilling不情愿的。根据“but”的转折和“to make the climb”可知，中国队伍是“有决心的”。故选C。 6．句意：它在海拔8,600米。 under在……下；above在……上；behind在……后；beside在……旁边。根据“sea level”可知，描述高度用“above sea level”“海拔……米”。故选B。 7．句意：刘让他的队友踩在他的肩膀上。    hands手；shoulders肩膀；feet脚；back背。根据“Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up”的攀登动作和“step on his...”的语境可知，在陡峭岩壁上，让队友“踩在肩膀上”作为支撑是合理的攀登协助方式。故选B。 8．句意：1960年5月25日凌晨4点20分，中国国旗首次在世界最高峰上飘扬。 fell落下；disappeared消失；flew飘扬；shook摇晃。根据“the Chinese national flag...above the world’s highest mountain”可知，国旗在峰顶“飘扬”。故选C。 9．句意：1975年，另一支中国队伍登上珠峰进行研究。 survey测量；research研究；trade贸易；holiday假期。根据“do...”和下文提到的“测量高度”是不同的、于2020年进行的活动，可知1975年的队伍登上珠峰的主要目的应是进行科学“研究”。故选B。 10．句意：这一次，他们给第二台阶带去了一个梯子。 rope绳子；ladder梯子；tool工具；stick棍子。根据下文“Chinese Ladder”可知，他们带的是“梯子”。故选B。 11．句意：2020年，第三支队伍返回珠穆朗玛峰测量它的高度——8,848.86米。 measure测量；judge判断；guess猜测；count数数。根据“its height”可知，是“测量”高度。故选A。 12．句意：有些登山者成功地到达了顶峰。 smoothly顺利地；successfully成功地；hurriedly匆忙地；quietly安静地。根据“but many fail”可知，转折前应是“成功地”到达。故选B。 13．句意：为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界最高峰？ save拯救；risk冒险；protect保护；devote奉献。根据“their lives to climb”可知，risk one’s life“冒生命危险”。故选B。 14．句意：这是因为人类的好奇心和雄心壮志无法被阻挡。 laziness懒惰；ambition雄心，抱负；weakness弱点；kindness善良。根据“human curiosity and...cannot be stopped”可知，与“好奇心”并列的、驱使人类攀登高峰的应是“雄心”或“抱负”。故选B。 15．句意：或者，正如英国探险家乔治·马洛里所说，这仅仅“因为它就在那里”！ simply仅仅；hardly几乎不；mostly主要地；nearly几乎。根据“because it’s there”可知，马洛里用这个简单的理由解释攀登动机，所以是“仅仅”。故选A。 一、阅读理解 A （2025· 青岛中考） COME TO WIN PRIZES THAT MONEY CANNOT BUY If you love trains railways or enjoy designing things, have a try at one of these great competitions. The competitions are for the 200-year anniversary (周年纪念日) of the first passenger journey on the Stockton and Darlington railway. This journey, in 1825, is regarded as the birth of the modern railway. London North Eastern Railway (LNER) and the National Railway Museum are asking young people to share their wonderful ideas of what the next 200 years of rail would look like. There are some fantastic prizes to be won that you cannot get anywhere else, including a ride in the driver’s cab (驾驶室) of a high-speed train. Design a uniform of the future For those aged 11 and under Design a uniform for someone who works on the railway. For example, this could be for a train manager, a driver, etc. Winner’s prize: A real-life uniform of your winning design made by LNER’s uniform supplier (供应商), and first-class LNER tickets for you and your family. Design a train of the future For ages 12 to 17 This is your chance to design a train for the future. But what makes a great train? The first thing to consider is the outside. Will the train be stylish? Don’t forget that the inside of the train is important, too. Where will people sit, store their luggage(行李), go to the toilet, charge (充电) their phones, and where will they get their food and drink? Winner’s prize: A train ride, a driver simulator (模拟器) experience, and first-class LNER tickets for you and your family. How to enter The competitions close on August 31, 2025. Visit Inr.co.lrail200 for more information. Good luck! 1. Why are the competitions held? A. To celebrate the 200 years of the first rail journey. B. To encourage more teenagers to take LNER trains. C. To raise money for those who work on the railway. D. To prepare for the 200-year anniversary of the museum. 2. Who will most probably win the uniform designing competition? A. B. C. D. 3. Which of the following pictures are mentioned in the train design? A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④ 4. What do the two competitions have in common? A. Passengers’ convenience should be considered. B. A driving experience will be provided for the winners. C. The inside and the outside of the train should be designed. D. The winners will get free train tickets for the whole family. 5. In which part of a magazine can we probably read the text? A. News. B. Photo. C. Story. D. Advertisement. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了为庆祝现代铁路诞生200周年，LNER与国家铁路博物馆联合举办两项面向未成年人的设计大赛，参赛者有机会赢取独一无二的奖品。 1.细节理解题。根据“The competitions are for the 200-year anniversary (周年纪念日) of the first passenger journey on the Stockton and Darlington railway. This journey, in 1825, is regarded as the birth of the modern railway.”可知比赛是为了纪念斯托克顿和达灵顿铁路首次客运旅行200周年，这次旅行被认为是现代铁路的诞生。故选A。 2.推理判断题。根据“Design a uniform of the future...For those aged 11 and under”以及“Design a uniform for someone who works on the railway. For example, this could be for a train manager, a driver, etc”可知参赛者是11岁及以下的儿童，要求设计一件供铁路工作人员穿着的制服，例如火车经理、司机等，由此可推测出，10岁的对做衣服感兴趣的玛丽最有可能赢得制服设计比赛。故选A。 3.推理判断题。根据“The first thing to consider is the outside. Will the train be stylish? Don’t forget that the inside of the train is important, too. Where will people sit, store their luggage (行李), go to the toilet, charge (充电) their phones, and where will they get their food and drink?”可知列车设计需考虑外观及内部座椅、行李存放、卫生间、手机充电、餐饮供应等，即①③④。故选C。 4.细节理解题。根据“Winner’s prize: A real-life uniform of your winning design made by LNER’s uniform supplier (供应商), and first-class LNER tickets for you and your family.”以及“Winner’s prize: A train ride, a driver simulator ( 模拟器 ) experience, and first-class LNER tickets for you and your family.”可知两项比赛的奖品均包含全家免费火车票。故选D。 5.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了为纪念斯托克顿和达灵顿铁路首次客运旅行200周年而举办的两项设计竞赛，可推知这是一个广告。故选D。 B(阅读还原） （2026·济南高新区一模） It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. 6.____ They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they won’t give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young. 7.____ It is one of their ways to show they have grown up and that they can face any difficult situations. However, adults worry more easily and most of them plan things ahead. Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble. They just feel cut off from the adults world, and have not yet been accepted into their world. 8.____ By doing so, they will feel pleased or even proud even if their parents do not like their music, entertainment, clothes or their way of speech. Sometimes young people are so proud of themselves that they do not want their parents to say yes to what they do. 9.____ It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when they were completely under their parents’ control. 10.____ Parents should treat their children as independent individuals. And young people need to communicate with their parents from time to time to narrow the gap between them. If young people have a high sense of responsibility, their parents are certainly glad to see them do what they like to. A. A good parent-child relationship is based on mutual(相互的) respect. B. All they want is to be left alone and do what they like. C. Parents shouldn’t be too serious and strict with their children. D. For example, young people like to act without much thinking. E. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their own. F. Young people will purposely do something to make their parents angry. G. They say that their parents fail to understand them. 【答案】6. G 7. D 8. E 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕青少年与父母之间存在隔阂这一现象展开，分析两代人思维、处事、审美产生分歧的根源，最后提出改善亲子关系的相处原则。解题关键：理清句子之间因果、举例、总分逻辑，匹配前后文话题。 6.句意：他们说父母根本不理解自己。 前文说年轻人和父母相处总会不自在，后文罗列年轻人对父母的各种不满（跟不上潮流、过于严苛、不给自由）。G句承接前文“相处不舒服”，引出下文一堆抱怨，逻辑连贯。 7. 句意：比如，年轻人做事不爱多想。 后文转折：成年人容易焦虑，凡事提前规划。D选项用For example举例，对比年轻人和成年人截然不同的做事方式，完美引出后文对比内容。 8. 句意：这就是年轻人想要创造属于自己独特文化的原因。 前文讲年轻人穿搭、音乐、爱好和大人格格不入，感觉无法融入成人世界；后文说坚持这些喜好会让他们自豪。E用That’s why 总结因果，解释年轻人追求独特喜好的缘由。 9. 句意：他们只想不被打扰，做自己喜欢的事。 前文：年轻人十分有主见，不希望父母事事认同、干涉自己；后文说长期受父母管束后渴望自主是人之常情。B句解释年轻人抗拒父母插手的内心想法，呼应下文摆脱管控的心理。 10. 句意：良好的亲子关系建立在相互尊重的基础上。 本空位于段首，是整段总起句。后文分别说明父母要把孩子看作独立个体、年轻人也要主动沟通，核心是双方互相尊重，A总领全段建议。 二、阅读填空 （2025·青岛中考） How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the ____1____ (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live ____2____ is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how ____3____(protect) them. One of the ____4____ (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists ____5____ (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather ____6____ (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know ____7____ the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving ____8____ (they) special electronic tags. A scanner ____9____ (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology ____10____ (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. 【答案】1. largest 2. on 3. to protect 4. ways 5. have discovered 6. carefully 7. what 8. them 9. is carried 10. will lead 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了科技如何帮助帝企鹅，包括利用卫星观测、天气监测和电子标签等技术在研究帝企鹅方面的应用。 1.句意：帝企鹅可以长到1.2米高，是所有企鹅种类中最大的。根据“of all the penguin kinds”可知是所有企鹅种类中最大的，此处应用形容词最高级形式，large的最高级是largest“最大的”。故填largest。 2.句意：2022年，它们被列为濒危动物，因为它们生活的南极海冰越来越小。根据“the Antarctic sea ice that they live”可知是指帝企鹅生活在南极海冰上，用介词on。故填on。 3.句意：现在科学家们正在利用高科技追踪它们，了解更多保护它们的方法。protect“保护”，此处是结构“疑问词+动词不定式”。故填to protect。 4.句意：研究人员能够做到这一点的方法之一是查看地球上方卫星拍摄的照片。one of后加可数名词复数ways“方法”。故填ways。 5.句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经发现了66个群体。根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是scientists，助动词用have，discover的过去分词是 discovered。故填have discovered。 6.句意：科学家们可以通过仔细观察该地区的天气来改进种群估计。修饰动词“watching”，需用副词形式，careful的副词是carefully“仔细地”。故填carefully。 7.句意：如果科学家知道拍摄这些照片时的天气情况，他们就能估计出照片中有多少只企鹅。句子是宾语从句，从句缺少介词like的宾语，此处应用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 8.句意：科学家们还可以通过给企鹅贴上特殊的电子标签来观察它们的活动。give sb. sth.“给某人某物”，作宾语用代词宾格them。故填them。 9.句意：一个扫描仪由机器人携带，它可以读取标签上的信息。主语“A scanner”与动词“carry” 之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is carried。 10.句意：企鹅研究人员之一丹尼尔希望这项技术能引领我们进入一个“研究的黄金时代”。此处表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时，结构为“will + 动词原形”。故填will lead。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Power of Ideas 课时5 Section B (Vocabulary in use 2a-2c) 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇 1. rapidly 2.  afford 3.  company 4.  sticky 5.  produce 6.  gradually 7.  widely 8.  be looking to do sth 句型 1.what Chinese people could achieve. 2. named 3. find a use for it. 一、单词默写。 1. rapidly 2. afford 3. company 4. sticky 5. songbook 6. produce 7. gradually 8. widely 二、词组默写。 1. be looking to do sth 2. a solution to the problem 3. afford to do 4. in the future 5. carry out 6. lead to 7. the invention of sticky notes 8. a piece of 9. stand up 10. result in 11. to sb's surprise 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. sticky 2.gradually 3.widely ;widen 4.produce; production; productive 5. collection; collective 6.  creation; creativity; creative 7.invention; inventor; inventive 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.whenever he stood up 2.resulted in 3. led to 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. collection 2. creativity 3. creative 4. inventive 5. production 6. productive 7. sticky 8. gradually 9. widely 10. to sing 二、阅读填空。 1. invention 2. a 3. easily 4. for 5. called 6. pieces 7. However 8. be removed 9. production 10. used 一、阅读理解 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 二、完形填空 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．A 一、阅读理解 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. G 7. D 8. E 9. B 10. A 二、阅读填空 1. largest 2. on 3. to protect 4. ways 5. have discovered 6. carefully 7. what 8. them 9. is carried 10. will lead ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 1 Power of Ideas 课时5 Section B (Vocabulary in use 2a-2c) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 迅速地；快速地 ________________ 2. 买得起；能做 ________________ 3. 公司；陪伴 ________________ 4. 黏（性）的；闷热的 ________________ 5. 生产；制作 ________________ 6. 逐渐地；逐步地 ________________ 7. 广泛地；普遍地 ________________ 8. 试图找到做某事的方法 ________________ 句型 1. 1911年1月，冯如在奥克兰市进行了一次公开试飞。他向世界展现了中国人能够取得的成就。 In January 1911, Feng Ru carried out a public test flight in Oakland City. He showed the world _____________. 2. 1968年，一位名叫斯宾塞·西尔弗的科学家正试图研制一种强粘性胶水。 In 1968, a scientist____________ Spencer Silver was trying to make a strong glue. 3. 这种胶水很有意思，但没人能找到它的实际用途。 The glue was interesting, but no one could _______________. . 一、单词默写。 1. 迅速地；快速地 ________________ 2. 买得起；能做 ________________ 3. 公司；陪伴 ________________ 4. 黏（性）的；闷热的 ________________ 5. 歌曲集 ________________ 6. 生产；制作 ________________ 7. 逐渐地；逐步地 ________________ 8. 广泛地；普遍地 ________________ 二、词组默写。 1. 试图找到做某事的方法 ________________ 2. 问题的解决方案 ________________ 3. 负担得起做某事；有能力做某事 ________________ 4. 在将来；未来 ________________ 5. 执行；实施；开展 ________________ 6. 导致；引起 ________________ 7. 便利贴的发明 ________________ 8. 一片/一张/一块（量词短语） ________________ 9. 站起来；起立 ________________ 10. 导致；造成 ________________ 11. 令某人惊讶的是 ________________ 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1.stick v. 粘贴；坚持：_______ adj. 黏（性）的 2. gradual adj. 逐渐的: _______ adv. 逐渐地 3.wide adj. 宽的；广泛的：_________ adv. 广泛地；普遍地; _________v. 拓宽；使变宽 4. product n. 产品；产物: ________ v.生产；制造; _______ n.生产；产量; _______adj. 多产的；富有成效的 5. collect v.收集；采集: __________n.收藏品；收集（行为）; ________ adj.集体的；共同的 6.create v. 创造；创作: _________ n. 创造；作品; _______ n.创造力; _______ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的 7.invent v. 发明；创造: _______ n.发明物；发明; _______n.发明家 _______adj. 善于发明的；有创新精神的 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 然而，每当他起身唱歌时，这些纸片就会掉到地上。 However, ______________to sing, the pieces fell to the floor. 5. 弗莱的想法促成了多种尺寸和颜色的便利贴的生产。 Fry's idea ____________ the production of sticky notes of many sizes and colours. 6. 你知道便利贴的发明源于一次意外吗？ Did you know that an accident ____________ the invention of sticky notes? 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The museum has a large ___________(collect) of ancient inventions. 2. Art classes can help students develop their ___________(create). 3. She is a ____________(create) designer with many new ideas. 4.The __________(invent) boy made many small tools by himself. 5.The ___________(produce) of cars has increased this year. 6.We had a __________(product) productive meeting and solved many problems. 7.There is a pile of __________(stick) notes on the desk. 8.Sticky notes __________(gradual) became popular all over the world. 9. The invention of the plane is now _________(wide) used in the field of travel. 10.However, whenever he stood up ________( sing ), the pieces fell to the floor. 二、阅读填空。 Did you know that an accident led to the 1._________(invent) of sticky notes? In 1968, a scientist named Spencer Silver was trying to make 2._______strong glue. To his surprise, he produced a glue that was really weak. It could stick things, but it could be removed very 3.________(easy) . The glue was interesting, but no one could find a use 4._______ it. Then, in 1974, a man 5.________(call) Arthur Fry was trying to mark the pages in a songbook using small 6.________(piece) of paper. 7.________, whenever he stood up to sing, the pieces fell to the floor. Then he remembered Silver's glue. With the glue, the paper stayed in the songbook, but it could later 8._________( remove). Fry's idea resulted in the 9._________(produce) of sticky notes of many sizes and colours. They gradually became popular and now are widely 10._________(use)all over the world. 一、阅读理解 A History of everyday things Many things in our daily life have their own history. Let’s read on to find out. Chewing gum (口香糖) is one of the oldest candies in the world. Ancient people enjoyed chewing natural resin (树脂) from trees. This was the earliest form of “chewing gum”. The ancient Greeks, for example, chewed (嚼) resin to clean their teeth and freshen (使清新) their breath (口气) . The modern chewing gum we have today dates back to 1848. It was first made and sold by an American named John Bacon Curtis. The story of roller coasters (过山车) began in 17th-century Russia. During winters, people went to special places called “Russian Mountains”. These were steep slides (陡峭的滑梯) made of wood and covered in ice—some even over 20 metres high! People would sit on sleds (雪橇) and race down at top speed. The excitement of these ice slides later gave Europeans ideas. In the 19th century, they created similar rides and the rides didn’t need cold weather. Paris became the birthplace of the first wheeled (轮式的) roller coasters. The earliest known vending machine (售货机) dates all the way back to the first century. The first one was made by an Ancient Greek mathematician (数学家) named Heron. It was used in temples (寺庙) to sell “holy water”. When people put a coin in, the coin would fall onto a small plate. The weight of the coin would then open a valve (阀门), and the water would come out by itself. 1．What did ancient Greeks chew resin for? A．To make candy. B．To clean teeth. C．To build sleds. D．To sell water. 2．When was the modern chewing gum first made and sold? A．In the 19th century. B．In the 3rd century. C．In the 17th century. D．At the end of 1948. 3．What was the difference between Russian Mountains and the first wheeled roller coasters in Paris? A．The Paris rides were much higher. B．The Paris rides were made of wood. C．The Paris rides were slower than sleds. D．The Paris rides used wheels and didn’t need ice. 4．How did Heron’s ancient vending machine work? A．The coin started a fire to heat the water. B．The coin broke the glass and then water came out. C．The coin made a sound that told the worker to give water. D．The coin’s weight pushed a plate, which then opened a valve. 5．How did the writer organize the passage? A．By comparing different inventions from the same country. B．By telling stories about how the inventions were made by accident. C．By introducing the history and development of different everyday things. D．By giving instructions on how to use chewing gum and vending machines. B The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people. The Yangtze River, China’s longest river, often caused serious floods in the past, bringing disasters to millions of people. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam. People began to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They moved mountains, changed the river’s path to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building! Today, the dam plays a key role in China. It has greatly reduced flood risks protecting cities and farmlands. The dam’s power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected system helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section, When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock. The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it’s a symbol of China’s courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to this modern wonder. Students learn about its achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with determination (决心), humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature. 6．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph I refer to (指代)？ A．The Yangtze River. B．The Xiling Gorge. C．The Three Gorges Dam. D．The engineering project. 7．What are the uses of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage? a. Controlling floods        b. Producing clean energy c. Creating new tourist places        d. Improving ship transportation A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 8．What physics principle allows ships to pass through the dam’s gates smoothly? A． B． C． D． 9．Which is the right structure of the passage?（①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2,…） A． B． C． D． 10．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To list the dam’s benefits to society. B．To describe challenges in building the dam. C．To explain why Chinese people built the dam. D．To praise Chinese people’s wisdom and creativity. 二、完形填空 To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will 1 you are able to touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they 2 the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to –30 degrees. Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and 3 weather. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the 4 of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was 5 to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gong Bu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres 6 sea level. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step on his 7 . Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag 8 above the world’s highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do 9 . This time, they brought a 10 to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to 11 its height—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 12 , but many fail. Why do people still 13 their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and 14 cannot be stopped. Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is 15 “because it’s there”! 1．A．look like B．feel like C．sound like D．taste like 2．A．escape B．survive C．refuse D．cause 3．A．stable B．mild C．changeable D．predictable 4．A．bottom B．top C．side D．edge 5．A．hesitant B．afraid C．determined D．unwilling 6．A．under B．above C．behind D．beside 7．A．hands B．shoulders C．feet D．back 8．A．fell B．disappeared C．flew D．shook 9．A．survey B．research C．trade D．holiday 10．A．rope B．ladder C．tool D．stick 11．A．measure B．judge C．guess D．count 12．A．smoothly B．successfully C．hurriedly D．quietly 13．A．save B．risk C．protect D．devote 14．A．laziness B．ambition C．weakness D．kindness 15．A．simply B．hardly C．mostly D．nearly 一、阅读理解 A （2025· 青岛中考） COME TO WIN PRIZES THAT MONEY CANNOT BUY If you love trains railways or enjoy designing things, have a try at one of these great competitions. The competitions are for the 200-year anniversary (周年纪念日) of the first passenger journey on the Stockton and Darlington railway. This journey, in 1825, is regarded as the birth of the modern railway. London North Eastern Railway (LNER) and the National Railway Museum are asking young people to share their wonderful ideas of what the next 200 years of rail would look like. There are some fantastic prizes to be won that you cannot get anywhere else, including a ride in the driver’s cab (驾驶室) of a high-speed train. Design a uniform of the future For those aged 11 and under Design a uniform for someone who works on the railway. For example, this could be for a train manager, a driver, etc. Winner’s prize: A real-life uniform of your winning design made by LNER’s uniform supplier (供应商), and first-class LNER tickets for you and your family. Design a train of the future For ages 12 to 17 This is your chance to design a train for the future. But what makes a great train? The first thing to consider is the outside. Will the train be stylish? Don’t forget that the inside of the train is important, too. Where will people sit, store their luggage(行李), go to the toilet, charge (充电) their phones, and where will they get their food and drink? Winner’s prize: A train ride, a driver simulator (模拟器) experience, and first-class LNER tickets for you and your family. How to enter The competitions close on August 31, 2025. Visit Inr.co.lrail200 for more information. Good luck! 1. Why are the competitions held? A. To celebrate the 200 years of the first rail journey. B. To encourage more teenagers to take LNER trains. C. To raise money for those who work on the railway. D. To prepare for the 200-year anniversary of the museum. 2. Who will most probably win the uniform designing competition? A. B. C. D. 3. Which of the following pictures are mentioned in the train design? A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④ 4. What do the two competitions have in common? A. Passengers’ convenience should be considered. B. A driving experience will be provided for the winners. C. The inside and the outside of the train should be designed. D. The winners will get free train tickets for the whole family. 5. In which part of a magazine can we probably read the text? A. News. B. Photo. C. Story. D. Advertisement. B(阅读还原） （2026·济南高新区一模） It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. 6.____ They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they won’t give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young. 7.____ It is one of their ways to show they have grown up and that they can face any difficult situations. However, adults worry more easily and most of them plan things ahead. Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble. They just feel cut off from the adults world, and have not yet been accepted into their world. 8.____ By doing so, they will feel pleased or even proud even if their parents do not like their music, entertainment, clothes or their way of speech. Sometimes young people are so proud of themselves that they do not want their parents to say yes to what they do. 9.____ It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when they were completely under their parents’ control. 10.____ Parents should treat their children as independent individuals. And young people need to communicate with their parents from time to time to narrow the gap between them. If young people have a high sense of responsibility, their parents are certainly glad to see them do what they like to. A. A good parent-child relationship is based on mutual(相互的) respect. B. All they want is to be left alone and do what they like. C. Parents shouldn’t be too serious and strict with their children. D. For example, young people like to act without much thinking. E. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their own. F. Young people will purposely do something to make their parents angry. G. They say that their parents fail to understand them. 二、阅读填空 （2025·青岛中考） How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the ____1____ (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live ____2____ is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how ____3____(protect) them. One of the ____4____ (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists ____5____ (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather ____6____ (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know ____7____ the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving ____8____ (they) special electronic tags. A scanner ____9____ (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology ____10____ (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. $