内容正文:
Unit 1 The Changing World 单元语法重难点、易错点精练
目录
· 语法重难点,易错点梳理
单元核心语法知识梳理:系统梳理单元核心语法知识点,总结归纳语法重难点、易错点,夯实基础,打牢根基,构建完整的语法体系。
· 单元语法综合练
单元核心语法知识综合练:在系统梳理单元核心语法知识点的基础上,通过在句子或语篇中练习语法重难点、易错点,体会语法结构在具体语境中的使用,熟悉语法知识的适用场景,提升对语法知识的理解与运用能力。
单元核心语法知识梳理
一、used to的用法
used to意为“过去常常;曾经”,后接动词原形。表示过去常常进行的行为或动作,或者过去存在的某种状态,但现在已经不这样了。
【注意】used to 只用于过去时,没有人称和数的变化。
例:I used to play basketball after school. 我过去常常放学后打篮球。(现在不打了)
She used to be very shy. 她过去很害羞。(现在不害羞了)
There used to be a small shop here. 这里过去有一家小商店。(现在没有了)
(1)used to结构的句式变换
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他。
I used to walk to school. 我过去常常步行上学。
She used to wear glasses.她过去戴眼镜。
否定句
①主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 + 其他.
②主语 + used not to + 动词原形 + 其他.
I didn't use to like vegetables. 我过去不喜欢吃蔬菜。
He didn't use to be so lazy.他过去不这么懒。
I used not to eat breakfast.我以前不吃早餐。
一般疑问句
Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Did you use to play the piano?你过去弹钢琴吗?
— Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Did she use to have long hair?她过去留长发吗?
— Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
What did you use to do on weekends?你过去周末常做什么?
Where did they use to live?他们过去住在哪里?
How did he use to go to work?他过去怎么去上班?
Why did she use to cry so often? 她过去为什么经常哭?
【易错辨析】be/get used to doing sth.、be used to do sth.、be used for doing sth.
① be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。
例:I am used to living alone.我习惯了独自生活。
My grandparents are used to eating early.我的祖父母习惯吃得早。
You'll get used to the weather here. 你会逐渐习惯这里的天气。
He got used to driving on the left after a month.一个月后他习惯了靠左行驶。
② be used to do sth.被用来做某事(是被动语态结构)
例:Knives are used to cut things. 刀被用来切东西。
This room is used to store old books.这个房间被用来存放旧书。
Water can be used to generate electricity.水可以被用来发电。
③ be used for doing sth.被用于做某事(for表“用途/功能”)
例:This knife is used for cutting bread. 这把刀被用来切面包。
The classroom is used for meetings on weekends. 这间教室周末被用于开会。
二、一般过去时和现在完成时用法对比
1、用法对比:
时态
用法
例句
一般过去时
过去某时发生的动作
I visited Beijing last year.我去年游览了北京。(动作已结束)
过去存在的状态
She was a teacher ten years ago.她十年前是一名老师。(现在可能不是了)
过去习惯性的动作
He walked to school when he was young.他年轻时步行上学。(现在不这样了)
现在完成时
过去动作对现在的影响
I have lost my key.我把钥匙弄丢了。(现在还没找到,影响现在)
从过去持续到现在
We have lived here for ten years.我们在这里住了十年了。(现在还住在这里)
过去经历(未指明时间)
She has been to Paris.她去过巴黎。(有过这种经历)
2、句式结构对比:
(1)一般过去时
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
He played football yesterday.他昨天踢了足球。
否定句
主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他.
He didn't play football yesterday.他昨天没有踢足球。
一般疑问句
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't.
—Did he play football yesterday?他昨天踢足球了吗?
—Yes, he did./No, he didn't.是的,他做了。/不,他没有做。
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
What did he do yesterday?他昨天做了什么?
(2)现在完成时
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
He has finished his homework.他已经完成了作业。
否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他
He hasn't finished his homework.他还没完成作业。
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
—Has he finished his homework?他完成作业了吗?
—Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.是的,他有。/不,他没有。
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
What has he done?他做了什么?
3、标志词(时间状语)对比:
(1)一般过去时的标志词
标志词
例句
yesterday(昨天)
What did you do yesterday evening?昨天晚上你在做什么?
last + 时间(上周/月/年)
I bought a new dictionary last month.我上个月买了一本新字典。
... ago(……以前)
He left Beijing three days ago. 他三天前离开了北京。
in + 过去年份
He was born in 2010.他出生于2010年。
just now(刚才)
I met her just now.我刚才遇见她了。
at that time(在那时)
We were primary school students at that time.那时我们还是小学生。
the other day(前几天)
I bought a book the other day.前几天我买了一本书。
(2)现在完成时的标志词
标志词
含义和用法
例句
already(已经)
用于肯定句
I have already had breakfast.我已经吃过早饭了。
yet(还/尚未)
用于否定句和疑问句
Have you finished your homework yet? 你完成作业了吗?
just(刚刚)
动作刚完成
I have just eaten.我刚吃过饭。
ever(曾经)
用于疑问句
Have you ever been to Beijing?你去过北京吗?
never(从不/从未)
从未有过
I have never seen such a film.我从未看过这样的电影。
before(以前)
不确定的过去
I have read this book before.我之前读过这本书。
for + 时间段
持续多久
I have known him for five years.我认识他已经五年了。
since + 时间点/从句
从……以来
He has worked in this school since last year.他从去年开始就在这所学校工作。
so far / up to now到目前为止
从过去到现在
So far, I have watched this movie three times.到目前为止,这部电影我已经看了三遍了。
in the past/last + 时间段(过去……以来)
一段时间内
In the past three years, he has changed a lot.在过去的三年里,他发生了很大的变化。
词汇句子语境练
一、单项选择。
1.He used to ________ coffee, but now he is used to ________ warm water.
A.drink; drinking B.drinking; drink C.drink; drink
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他过去常常喝咖啡,但现在他习惯喝温水了。
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,后接动词原形;be used to doing sth.表示“习惯做某事”,后接动名词。根据“He used to”可知第一空应填动词原形drink;根据“he is used to”可知第二空应填动名词drinking。
2.He used to ________ things easily, but now he has a better memory.
A.forget B.forgetting C.forgot D.forgotten
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他以前很容易忘事,但现在记忆力好多了。
used to do sth.是固定用法,意为“过去常常做某事”,后接动词原形。
3.My uncle ________ drive to work, but now he ________ going to work on foot.
A.used to; used to B.is used to; used to
C.used to; is used to D.is used to; use to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的叔叔过去常常开车去上班,但现在他习惯于步行去上班。
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,后接动词原形;be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”,后接动名词。根据“but now”可知前后是过去与现在的对比,第一空后是动词原形drive,填used to;第二空后是动名词going,且主语是he,填is used to。
4.People ________ worry about the shortage of farmland now, but they ________ worry a lot in the past.
A.don’t; used to B.didn’t; use to C.aren’t; used to D.won’t; use to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:人们现在不担心耕地短缺的问题,但他们过去常常非常担心。
第一空根据时间状语“now”可知,用一般现在时,worry是实义动词,主语People是复数,否定形式需用don’t;第二空根据时间状语“in the past”可知,表示过去的习惯,固定搭配used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”。应填don’t; used to。
5.________ your family ________ to live in a small old flat when you were little?
A.Did; used B.Were; use C.Did; use D.Was; used
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当你小的时候,你的家人曾经住在一个又小又旧的公寓里吗?
used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事,其一般疑问句结构为Did + 主语 + use to do sth.,不能使用used,也不能用be动词were/was开头。
6.Nowadays most people take wide highways, but they ________ walk on rough narrow tracks before.
A.are used to B.used to C.were used to D.use to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如今大多数人走宽阔的高速公路,但是他们过去常常走在崎岖狭窄的小路上。
are used to do sth.被用来做某事;used to do sth.过去常常做某事;were used to do sth.过去被用来做某事;use to表达形式错误。“but they...walk on rough narrow tracks before.”表明,此处描述过去的情况,表示过去人们常常走在崎岖狭窄的小路上,且空后walk为动词原形,填used to。
7.Jane Goodall ________ an interest in animals when she was young, but things changed after she got a toy chimpanzee.
A.didn’t use to show B.used not to show C.didn’t use to showing D.used to showing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:简·古德尔年轻时并不表现出对动物的兴趣,但在她得到一只玩具黑猩猩后,情况发生了变化。
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,后接动词原形,其否定形式为didn’t use to do sth.。根据“but things changed”可知前后情况相反,故用否定形式。
8.We ________ a poster about our study trip last month and put it up on the classroom board.
A.are making B.were making C.make D.made
【答案】D
【详解】句意:上个月我们制作了一张关于研学旅行的海报,并把它贴在了教室公告栏上。
are making正在制作,现在进行时;were making正在制作,过去进行时;make制作,一般现在时;made制作,一般过去时。根据时间状语“last month”可知,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。应填made。
9.Sara ________ in Lanzhou for nearly five years, but she is happy about her life in Nanjing now, where she has found so many places worth ________.
A.lived; being visited B.has lived; being visited
C.lived; visiting D.has lived; visiting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:萨拉在兰州住了将近五年,但她现在对南京的生活很满意,在那里她发现了很多值得参观的地方。
根据“but she is happy about her life in Nanjing now”可知她现在住在南京,住在兰州是过去发生的动作且已结束,第一空应用一般过去时lived;worth后接动名词主动形式表被动含义,属于固定用法be worth doing,第二空应用visiting。
10.My brother ________ many foreign friends since he went abroad last year.
A.makes B.has made C.made
【答案】B
【详解】句意:自从去年出国以来,我哥哥交了许多外国朋友。
根据题干“since he went abroad”可知,since引导时间状语从句,主句应用现在完成时,表示从过去持续到现在的动作,应填has made。
11.—Can I meet Ms Lee, please?
—Sorry. She ________ the printing room. Could you please wait for a few minutes?
A.was going to B.has gone to C.has been to D.has been on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——请问我能见到李女士吗?——抱歉,她去打印室了。你能稍等几分钟吗?
was going to(过去将来时,表过去打算做某事);has gone to(现在完成时,表“去了某地(尚未回来)”);has been to(现在完成时,表“去过某地(已返回)”);has been on(表“(某事)持续进行”)。结合“需要等待”的语境,说明李女士此刻在打印室还没回来,需用has gone to。
12.Mr.Green ________ in Beijing for 5 years, and then he ________ to Shanghai in 2023.
A.lived, moved B.has lived, moved C.has lived, has moved D.lived, has moved
【答案】A
【详解】句意:格林先生在北京住了5年,然后在2023年搬到了上海。
根据时间状语“in 2023”可知,第二空表示过去具体时间点发生的动作,应用一般过去时,故第二空填moved,排除 C、D 选项;结合语境可知,住在北京的动作发生在搬家之前且已结束,不持续到现在,第一空也应用一般过去时lived。故选A。
13.—Can I ________ your book?
—Sorry. Tom ________ my book and he ________ it for two weeks.
A.lend; kept; has kept B.borrow; has borrowed; has kept
C.borrow; borrowed; has kept D.lend; has kept; has borrowed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我能借一下你的书吗?——抱歉。汤姆借走了我的书,他已经借了两周了。
lend借出 (主语把东西借给别人);borrow借入 (主语从别人那里借东西);keep保留、持有,延续性动词。第一空表示“我借你的书”,应用“borrow”。第二空表示“汤姆借走了我的书”,描述过去发生的动作,可用一般过去时“borrowed”。第三空“for two weeks” (两周) 是时间段,动词应用延续性动词“keep” (持有) 的现在完成时“has kept”。应填“borrow; borrowed; has kept”。
14.My brother ________ the chess club last year. He ________ a member for over twelve months.
A.joined; has been B.joined; was
C.has joined; is D.has joined; has been
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我哥哥去年加入了国际象棋俱乐部。他已经是会员超过十二个月了。
根据“last year去年”可知第一空表示过去发生的动作,用一般过去时joined;根据“for over twelve months”可知第二空强调状态延续到现在,用现在完成时,join是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需转化为延续性状态has been。
15.—________ you ________ the film before, Lily?
—Yes. I ________ it online the other day.
A.Have; seen; have seen B.Did; see; saw C.Have; seen; saw D.Did; see; have seen
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你之前看过这部电影吗,丽丽?——是的。我前几天在网上看了它。
考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据问句中时间状语before“之前”,用现在完成时,表示动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响;答句中时间状语the other day“前几天”,表明动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选C。
二、单词拼写。
16.When I was a child, I ________ (use) to swim in this river every summer.
【答案】used
【详解】句意:当我还是个孩子的时候,我过去每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。use“使用”,动词,used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,used用来表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,与句首的“When I was a child”一般过去时相呼应。
17.My grandfather used to ________ (listen) to the radio, but now he is used to ________ (watch) news on his smartphone.
【答案】 listen watching
【详解】句意:我爷爷过去常常听收音机,但现在他习惯用手机看新闻。used to后接动词原形listen,表示“过去常常做某事”;be used to中to是介词,后面要接动名词watching,表示“习惯做某事”。应填listen;watching。
18.People used ________ (travel) far away to see doctors.
【答案】to travel
【详解】句意:人们过去常常长途跋涉去看医生。固定搭配used to do sth,意为“过去常常做某事”,符合描述过去常态的语境,因此填动词不定式to travel。
19.People ________ (use) to walk or ride old bikes to go out.
【答案】used
【详解】句意:人们过去常常步行或者骑旧自行车出门。句中固定搭配used to do表示“过去常常做某事”,暗含现在不再如此,属于过去时态用法,use需变为过去式used。
20.Peter used ________ (go) on a trip when he was in Beijing.
【答案】to go
【详解】句意:彼得在北京时过去常常去旅行。“used to+动词原形” 是一个固定结构,表示 “过去常常做某事”,强调过去的习惯或状态,但现在已不再如此。题干给出的动词go“去”,需要对其变换。故填to go。
21.We used to __________ (have) no supermarket here.
【答案】have
【详解】句意:我们这里以前没有超市。固定搭配used to do sth,该结构意为“过去曾经/过去常常做某事”,其中的to是动词不定式符号,后面需要接动词原形。
22.He used to ________ (be) shy, but now he is very outgoing.
【答案】be
【详解】句意:他以前很害羞,但现在他很外向。根据句意和提示词可知,空格处表示“他以前很害羞”,结合固定搭配used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”,to后面跟动词原形。故填be。
23.I ________ (not, see) Journey to the West done in English before.
【答案】haven’t seen/have not seen
【详解】句意:我之前从未看过英文版的《西游记》。句尾“before”强调过去的动作对现在的影响时(到目前为止从未看过英文版的《西游记》),句子时态需要用现在完成时。括号内所给动词要变为现在完成时态,又因为主语是“I”,谓语动词要用have的否定形式。故横线处填写haven’t seen/have not seen。
24.Through its great efforts, UNICEF ________ (make) great progress to create a better world for children.
【答案】has made
【详解】句意:通过不懈努力,联合国儿童基金会在为儿童创造更美好世界的道路上取得了巨大进展。句子描述的是从过去持续到现在、对现在仍有影响的成果,因此用现在完成时。主语是第三人称单数,助动词选择has;make的过去分词是made。
25.It was very late at night. Ann ________ (read) and her brother ________ (play) games when they ________ (hear) a loud noise.
【答案】 was reading was playing heard
【详解】句意:夜已深。安正在看书,她的哥哥正在玩游戏,这时他们听到了一声巨响。“when”引导的从句表示一个短暂动作(听到巨响,一般过去时 “heard”),主句描述两个同时进行的背景动作(正在读、正在玩,主语为单数,be动词用was,过去进行时结构为“was reading/was playing”)。
三、完成句子。
26.在我们学校附近曾经有一家书店。
There _________ _________ be a bookstore near our school.
【答案】 used to
【详解】原句中“曾经”是关键词,表示“过去存在某种状态,现在已不存在”,英语中常用used to来表达。在There be句型中,used to后接动词原形be,符合语境,应填used;to。
27.She often grew rice on small farmlands in her childhood. (用used to改写同义句)
She ________ ________ ________ rice on small farmlands in her childhood.
【答案】 used to grow
【详解】句意:童年时期,她常在小块农田里种植水稻。“She often grew rice”表明,她过去常常种水稻,used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,与其含义相同,grew还原为动词原形grow,故used to grow符合。
28.Was there no greenhouse in the village before? (用used to改写句子,每空一词)
________ there ________ ________ be no greenhouse in the village before?
【答案】 Did use to
【详解】句意:以前村子里没有温室吗?句子为一般过去时,根据“used to”改写,将原句改为一般疑问句时,需借助助动词Did,后接动词原形use,再接to。即“Did there use to be...?”。
29.They had no digital tools ten years ago. (用used to改写句子,每空一词)
They ________ ________ ________ ________ any digital tools.
【答案】 didn’t use to have
【详解】句意:他们十年前没有数字工具。原句是否定句,要求用used to改写,其否定表达为didn’t use to,后接动词原形,因此had要改为原形have。
30.We often walked to the port years ago. (用 used to 改写句子,每空一词)
We ________ ________ ________ to the port years ago.
【答案】 used to walk
【详解】句意:多年前我们常常步行去港口。“used to do sth.”表示“过去常常做某事”,用“used to”改写,“walked to”(步行去)对应的动词原形是“walk”,“used to”后接动词原形“walk”。
31.—Did Mary use to play table tennis?(作否定回答)
—________, she________.
【答案】 No didn’t
【详解】句意:—— 玛丽过去常常打乒乓球吗?—— 不,她不常打。考查一般疑问句的否定回答。一般过去时的一般疑问句 “Did...?” 的否定回答结构是 “No, 主语 + didn’t.” ,此处主语是 “she” ,故填 No;didn’t。
32.Did you use to play the piano? (肯定回答)
Yes, ________ ________.
【答案】 I did
【详解】句意:你过去常常弹钢琴吗?根据Did以及you可知,答语的代词用I,助动词用did,故填I;did。
33.Young people used to work in big cities. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ young people ________ to do?
【答案】 What did use
【详解】句意:年轻人过去常在大城市工作。原句划线部分“used to work”是过去习惯性动作,对动作内容提问要用疑问词What。本句为一般过去时,变特殊疑问句需借助助动词did,助动词后谓语动词还原,used变回原形use。故填What;did;use。
34.He used to improve his English writing skills by keeping a diary. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ he use to improve his English writing skills?
【答案】 How did
【详解】句意:他过去常常通过写日记来提高他的英语写作技巧。划线部分“by keeping a diary”表示方式,应用疑问词how提问,句首单词首字母大写;原句含有实义动词used,变为疑问句需借助助动词did,used还原为use。故填How;did。
35.They used to travel by bike.(对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ they _________ to travel?
【答案】 How did use
【详解】句意:他们过去常常骑自行车旅行。对交通方式提问用疑问词How,句首单词首字母大写,used to构成疑问句时用助动词did,used变回原形use,故填How;did;use。
36.Great changes have taken place here.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ taken place here?
【答案】 What has
【详解】句意:这里发生了巨大的变化。分析句子结构可知,原句中画线部分“Great changes”在句中作主语,且指代事物,因此对主语提问需使用疑问词What。当疑问词What作主语对未知事物进行提问时,其后的谓语动词通常看作单数第三人称。原句时态为现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。因为疑问词主语What视为单数,所以助动词用has。句首首字母需大写。
37.She has lived in Nanjing for 5 years.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ has she lived in Nanjing?
【答案】 How long
【详解】句意:她在南京住了五年。划线部分为“for 5 years”,这里是提问一段持续的时长,要用疑问词组How long来提问。原句时态为现在完成时,助动词是“has”,疑问句直接将疑问词组放句首,后面保留助动词、主语与剩余谓语部分。故填How;long。
38.The government supported farmers last year. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the government ________ farmers?
【答案】 When did support
【详解】句意:去年政府扶持了农民。划线部分last year是时间,应用when提问,且首字母需要大写;原句是一般过去时,疑问句需要借助助动词did,后面的动词supported用原形support。
39.I was at home yesterday. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
—________ you at home yesterday?
—Yes, I ________.
【答案】 Were was
【详解】句意:我昨天在家。原句为一般过去时,含有be动词was。 变一般疑问句规则:含有be动词的一般过去时陈述句改为一般疑问句,将be动词提到句首;同时主语I需要变为you,对应的be动词was要改为were,其余内容语序不变。 肯定回答结构:Yes,主语+对应be动词。问句主语为you,回答变回I,be动词使用was。 因此①填Were,②填was。
40.Villagers didn’t have convenient shopping ways before. (用 used to 改写句子,每空一词)
Villagers ________ ________ ________ ________ convenient shopping ways before.
【答案】 didn’t use to have
【详解】句意:以前村民没有方便的购物方式。题目要求用used to改写句子。used to意为“过去常常”,其否定形式通常为didn’t use to,后接动词原形。故填didn’t;use;to;have。
四、短文填空。
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
In the past, my hometown 41 (be) very small. People used 42 (live) in old houses. There 43 (be) no tall buildings at all. The roads 44 (be) narrow and dirty. People 45 (walk) or 46 (ride) bikes to work.
Now great changes 47 (take place). We 48 (build) many new buildings. The roads 49 (become) wide and clean. More and more people 50 (buy) cars. I 51 (never see) such a beautiful town before. Last week, I 52 (go) back to my old neighborhood and 53 (find) it completely different. I 54 (live) here for 15 years now, and I 55 (love) every change.
【答案】41.was 42.to live 43.were 44.were 45.walked 46.rode 47.have taken place 48.have built 49.have become 50.have bought 51.have never seen 52.went 53.found 54.have lived 55.love
【导语】本文对比了家乡过去和现在的变化。
【详解】41.句意:过去,我的家乡很小。In the past表示过去的时间,时态应用一般过去时。主语my hometown是单数,be动词用was。
42.句意:人们过去住在旧房子里。固定搭配:used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,所以填live的不定式形式to live。
43.句意:那里根本没有高楼。主语tall buildings是复数,且描述过去的情况,be动词用were。
44.句意:道路又窄又脏。主语the roads是复数,描述过去的情况,be动词用were。
45.句意:人们步行或骑自行车去上班。描述过去的动作,时态用一般过去时, walk的过去式是walked。
46.句意:人们步行或骑自行车去上班。描述过去的动作,时态用一般过去时, ride的过去式是rode。
47.句意:现在发生了巨大的变化。take place意为“发生”, Now在这里强调到现在为止的变化,时态用现在完成时,结构为:have/has+过去分词。主语changes是复数,所以填have build。
48.句意:我们建造了许多新建筑。强调过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时,结构为:have/has+过去分词。主语we是复数,助动词用have,build的过去分词是built。
49.句意:道路变得又宽又干净。强调到现在为止的变化结果,时态用现在完成时,结构为:have/has+过去分词。 主语The roads为复数,助动词用have,become的过去分词是become。
50.句意:越来越多的人买了汽车。根据上下文语境及“Now”可知动作发生在过去且对现在有影响,应用现在完成时,结构为:have/has+过去分词。主语More and more people为复数,助动词用have,buy的过去分词为bought。
51.句意:我以前从未见过这么美的城镇。前句时态为现在完成时,此处时态也是现在完成时,结构为:have/has+过去分词。主语是I,助动词用have;see的过去分词是seen,否定副词never放在助动词后。
52.句意:上周,我回到我的旧街区,发现它完全变了样。Last week表示过去的时间,时态用一般过去时。 go的过去式是went。
53.句意:上周,我回到我的旧街区,发现它完全变了样。Last week表示过去的时间,时态用一般过去时。find的过去式是found。
54.句意:到现在我已经在这里住了15年,我爱每一处变化。根据时间状语“for 15 years”可知动作从过去持续到现在,时态应用现在完成时,结构为:have/has+过去分词。主语为I,助动词用have,live的过去分词是lived。
55.句意:到现在我已经在这里住了15年,我爱每一处变化。后半句描述现在的感受,时态用一般现在时,主语是I,所以谓语动词用原形love。
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Unit 1 The Changing World 单元语法重难点、易错点精练
目录
· 语法重难点,易错点梳理
单元核心语法知识梳理:系统梳理单元核心语法知识点,总结归纳语法重难点、易错点,夯实基础,打牢根基,构建完整的语法体系。
· 单元语法综合练
单元核心语法知识综合练:在系统梳理单元核心语法知识点的基础上,通过在句子或语篇中练习语法重难点、易错点,体会语法结构在具体语境中的使用,熟悉语法知识的适用场景,提升对语法知识的理解与运用能力。
单元核心语法知识梳理
一、used to的用法
used to意为“过去常常;曾经”,后接动词原形。表示过去常常进行的行为或动作,或者过去存在的某种状态,但现在已经不这样了。
【注意】used to 只用于过去时,没有人称和数的变化。
例:I used to play basketball after school. 我过去常常放学后打篮球。(现在不打了)
She used to be very shy. 她过去很害羞。(现在不害羞了)
There used to be a small shop here. 这里过去有一家小商店。(现在没有了)
(1)used to结构的句式变换
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他。
I used to walk to school. 我过去常常步行上学。
She used to wear glasses.她过去戴眼镜。
否定句
①主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 + 其他.
②主语 + used not to + 动词原形 + 其他.
I didn't use to like vegetables. 我过去不喜欢吃蔬菜。
He didn't use to be so lazy.他过去不这么懒。
I used not to eat breakfast.我以前不吃早餐。
一般疑问句
Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
Did you use to play the piano?你过去弹钢琴吗?
— Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Did she use to have long hair?她过去留长发吗?
— Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
What did you use to do on weekends?你过去周末常做什么?
Where did they use to live?他们过去住在哪里?
How did he use to go to work?他过去怎么去上班?
Why did she use to cry so often? 她过去为什么经常哭?
【易错辨析】be/get used to doing sth.、be used to do sth.、be used for doing sth.
① be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。
例:I am used to living alone.我习惯了独自生活。
My grandparents are used to eating early.我的祖父母习惯吃得早。
You'll get used to the weather here. 你会逐渐习惯这里的天气。
He got used to driving on the left after a month.一个月后他习惯了靠左行驶。
② be used to do sth.被用来做某事(是被动语态结构)
例:Knives are used to cut things. 刀被用来切东西。
This room is used to store old books.这个房间被用来存放旧书。
Water can be used to generate electricity.水可以被用来发电。
③ be used for doing sth.被用于做某事(for表“用途/功能”)
例:This knife is used for cutting bread. 这把刀被用来切面包。
The classroom is used for meetings on weekends. 这间教室周末被用于开会。
二、一般过去时和现在完成时用法对比
1、用法对比:
时态
用法
例句
一般过去时
过去某时发生的动作
I visited Beijing last year.我去年游览了北京。(动作已结束)
过去存在的状态
She was a teacher ten years ago.她十年前是一名老师。(现在可能不是了)
过去习惯性的动作
He walked to school when he was young.他年轻时步行上学。(现在不这样了)
现在完成时
过去动作对现在的影响
I have lost my key.我把钥匙弄丢了。(现在还没找到,影响现在)
从过去持续到现在
We have lived here for ten years.我们在这里住了十年了。(现在还住在这里)
过去经历(未指明时间)
She has been to Paris.她去过巴黎。(有过这种经历)
2、句式结构对比:
(1)一般过去时
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
He played football yesterday.他昨天踢了足球。
否定句
主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他.
He didn't play football yesterday.他昨天没有踢足球。
一般疑问句
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't.
—Did he play football yesterday?他昨天踢足球了吗?
—Yes, he did./No, he didn't.是的,他做了。/不,他没有做。
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
What did he do yesterday?他昨天做了什么?
(2)现在完成时
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
He has finished his homework.他已经完成了作业。
否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他
He hasn't finished his homework.他还没完成作业。
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
—Has he finished his homework?他完成作业了吗?
—Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.是的,他有。/不,他没有。
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
What has he done?他做了什么?
3、标志词(时间状语)对比:
(1)一般过去时的标志词
标志词
例句
yesterday(昨天)
What did you do yesterday evening?昨天晚上你在做什么?
last + 时间(上周/月/年)
I bought a new dictionary last month.我上个月买了一本新字典。
... ago(……以前)
He left Beijing three days ago. 他三天前离开了北京。
in + 过去年份
He was born in 2010.他出生于2010年。
just now(刚才)
I met her just now.我刚才遇见她了。
at that time(在那时)
We were primary school students at that time.那时我们还是小学生。
the other day(前几天)
I bought a book the other day.前几天我买了一本书。
(2)现在完成时的标志词
标志词
含义和用法
例句
already(已经)
用于肯定句
I have already had breakfast.我已经吃过早饭了。
yet(还/尚未)
用于否定句和疑问句
Have you finished your homework yet? 你完成作业了吗?
just(刚刚)
动作刚完成
I have just eaten.我刚吃过饭。
ever(曾经)
用于疑问句
Have you ever been to Beijing?你去过北京吗?
never(从不/从未)
从未有过
I have never seen such a film.我从未看过这样的电影。
before(以前)
不确定的过去
I have read this book before.我之前读过这本书。
for + 时间段
持续多久
I have known him for five years.我认识他已经五年了。
since + 时间点/从句
从……以来
He has worked in this school since last year.他从去年开始就在这所学校工作。
so far / up to now到目前为止
从过去到现在
So far, I have watched this movie three times.到目前为止,这部电影我已经看了三遍了。
in the past/last + 时间段(过去……以来)
一段时间内
In the past three years, he has changed a lot.在过去的三年里,他发生了很大的变化。
词汇句子语境练
一、单项选择。
1.He used to ________ coffee, but now he is used to ________ warm water.
A.drink; drinking B.drinking; drink C.drink; drink
2.He used to ________ things easily, but now he has a better memory.
A.forget B.forgetting C.forgot D.forgotten
3.My uncle ________ drive to work, but now he ________ going to work on foot.
A.used to; used to B.is used to; used to
C.used to; is used to D.is used to; use to
4.People ________ worry about the shortage of farmland now, but they ________ worry a lot in the past.
A.don’t; used to B.didn’t; use to C.aren’t; used to D.won’t; use to
5.________ your family ________ to live in a small old flat when you were little?
A.Did; used B.Were; use C.Did; use D.Was; used
6.Nowadays most people take wide highways, but they ________ walk on rough narrow tracks before.
A.are used to B.used to C.were used to D.use to
7.Jane Goodall ________ an interest in animals when she was young, but things changed after she got a toy chimpanzee.
A.didn’t use to show B.used not to show C.didn’t use to showing D.used to showing
8.We ________ a poster about our study trip last month and put it up on the classroom board.
A.are making B.were making C.make D.made
9.Sara ________ in Lanzhou for nearly five years, but she is happy about her life in Nanjing now, where she has found so many places worth ________.
A.lived; being visited B.has lived; being visited
C.lived; visiting D.has lived; visiting
10.My brother ________ many foreign friends since he went abroad last year.
A.makes B.has made C.made
11.—Can I meet Ms Lee, please?
—Sorry. She ________ the printing room. Could you please wait for a few minutes?
A.was going to B.has gone to C.has been to D.has been on
12.Mr.Green ________ in Beijing for 5 years, and then he ________ to Shanghai in 2023.
A.lived, moved B.has lived, moved C.has lived, has moved D.lived, has moved
13.—Can I ________ your book?
—Sorry. Tom ________ my book and he ________ it for two weeks.
A.lend; kept; has kept B.borrow; has borrowed; has kept
C.borrow; borrowed; has kept D.lend; has kept; has borrowed
14.My brother ________ the chess club last year. He ________ a member for over twelve months.
A.joined; has been B.joined; was
C.has joined; is D.has joined; has been
15.—________ you ________ the film before, Lily?
—Yes. I ________ it online the other day.
A.Have; seen; have seen B.Did; see; saw C.Have; seen; saw D.Did; see; have seen
二、单词拼写。
16.When I was a child, I ________ (use) to swim in this river every summer.
17.My grandfather used to ________ (listen) to the radio, but now he is used to ________ (watch) news on his smartphone.
18.People used ________ (travel) far away to see doctors.
19.People ________ (use) to walk or ride old bikes to go out.
20.Peter used ________ (go) on a trip when he was in Beijing.
21.We used to __________ (have) no supermarket here.
22.He used to ________ (be) shy, but now he is very outgoing.
23.I ________ (not, see) Journey to the West done in English before.
24.Through its great efforts, UNICEF ________ (make) great progress to create a better world for children.
25.It was very late at night. Ann ________ (read) and her brother ________ (play) games when they ________ (hear) a loud noise.
三、完成句子。
26.在我们学校附近曾经有一家书店。
There _________ _________ be a bookstore near our school.
27.She often grew rice on small farmlands in her childhood. (用used to改写同义句)
She ________ ________ ________ rice on small farmlands in her childhood.
28.Was there no greenhouse in the village before? (用used to改写句子,每空一词)
________ there ________ ________ be no greenhouse in the village before?
29.They had no digital tools ten years ago. (用used to改写句子,每空一词)
They ________ ________ ________ ________ any digital tools.
30.We often walked to the port years ago. (用 used to 改写句子,每空一词)
We ________ ________ ________ to the port years ago.
31.—Did Mary use to play table tennis?(作否定回答)
—________, she________.
32.Did you use to play the piano? (肯定回答)
Yes, ________ ________.
33.Young people used to work in big cities. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ young people ________ to do?
34.He used to improve his English writing skills by keeping a diary. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ he use to improve his English writing skills?
35.They used to travel by bike.(对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ they _________ to travel?
36.Great changes have taken place here.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ taken place here?
37.She has lived in Nanjing for 5 years.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ has she lived in Nanjing?
38.The government supported farmers last year. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the government ________ farmers?
39.I was at home yesterday. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
—________ you at home yesterday?
—Yes, I ________.
40.Villagers didn’t have convenient shopping ways before. (用 used to 改写句子,每空一词)
Villagers ________ ________ ________ ________ convenient shopping ways before.
四、短文填空。
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
In the past, my hometown 41 (be) very small. People used 42 (live) in old houses. There 43 (be) no tall buildings at all. The roads 44 (be) narrow and dirty. People 45 (walk) or 46 (ride) bikes to work.
Now great changes 47 (take place). We 48 (build) many new buildings. The roads 49 (become) wide and clean. More and more people 50 (buy) cars. I 51 (never see) such a beautiful town before. Last week, I 52 (go) back to my old neighborhood and 53 (find) it completely different. I 54 (live) here for 15 years now, and I 55 (love) every change.
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