内容正文:
基于课程标准的“教-学-评”一致性课堂教学设计
科目
英语
授课教材
人教版九年级上册
授课题目
Unit 1 The Changing World
Section A Grammar Focus
课时
课型
第 3课时
语法课
主题情境
人与自然/社会发展(家乡变迁)
授课教师
语篇研读
【What】
本课核心语篇由两部分组成:1)George写给美国朋友Mike的一封电子邮件,信中描述了Li Rui家乡的巨大变化(交通、医疗、就业等方面),其中混合使用了一般过去时(含used to)和现在完成时;2)教材Grammar Focus部分的归纳性表格及配套练习(4a-4c),系统对比了两种时态的形式差异和功能区别。语篇通过“今昔对比”的叙事框架,生动呈现了两种时态在描述变化时的协同作用。
【Why】
旨在引导学生系统区分一般过去时(含used to)和现在完成时在描述“变化”时的核心功能差异:一般过去时强调过去的事实或习惯(动作已完成,与现在无关),现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果(连接过去与现在)。帮助学生学会根据语境和时间标志词准确选用时态,并能综合运用两种时态有条理地描述家乡或身边的变化。
【How】
采用“归纳-演绎-应用”的语法教学模式。通过George的邮件和4a表格中的例句,引导学生自主观察、对比两种时态的形式差异;通过时间轴图示和系统讲解,清晰阐释两种时态的核心区别;通过分层练习(选择、改错、填空、篇章完形)进行巩固和内化;最后在“回复Mike信件”的产出任务中,综合运用两种时态进行创造性输出,实现语法知识向交际能力的转化。
学情分析
学生在前两课时已初步接触并运用现在完成时描述变化,对一般过去时也有较好的基础。但对于两种时态在描述“变化”时的核心功能差异——一般过去时侧重“过去事实/习惯”,现在完成时侧重“对现在的影响”——缺乏清晰、系统的认知,容易混淆使用场景(如“I have seen her three days ago”这类错误)。此外,“used to”表示“过去习惯但现在不再”的用法虽已学习,但在与其他时态的综合运用中仍需强化。本课将通过系统的对比讲解和大量语境化练习,帮助学生建立清晰的时态使用意识。
课标要求
● 了解基本的语法知识,理解语法形式的表意功能。
● 能在特定语境中运用语法知识来理解和表达意义。
● 能围绕相关话题,根据语境要求,初步运用所学语言进行口头和书面表达。
教学目标
通过本节课学习,学生能够:
1. 通过观察4a中的例句,识别一般过去时和现在完成时的形式差异(动词形式、时间标志词);回顾两种时态的基本结构(一般过去时:主语+动词过去式;现在完成时:主语+have/has+过去分词);概括两种时态的核心区别——一般过去时只谈过去(动作发生在过去,与现在无关),现在完成时连接过去与现在(强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果)。(学习理解)
2. 根据语境中的时间状语(yesterday, ago, last year vs. already, yet, just, for, since)和句意,判断该用一般过去时还是现在完成时;在4b对话和4c短文的填空练习中,正确运用两种时态,完成控制性语言输出;运用两种时态描述家乡或身边的变化,解释变化的原因和影响。(应用实践)
3. 评价家乡发展变化带来的利弊,表达自己的观点(如“经济发展是否一定能带来幸福?”);运用所学时态,以小组为单位创作一封“George给Mike的回信”,描述Li Rui家乡的变化,进行创造性语言输出。(迁移创新)
教学
重难点
重点: 掌握一般过去时(含used to)和现在完成时的形式差异及核心功能区别;能根据时间标志词和语境准确选用时态。
难点: 在综合运用中,根据表达需要(强调“过去事实”还是“对现在的影响”)灵活切换两种时态;在创造性输出任务中,准确、有条理地使用两种时态描述变化过程。
核心语言
[核心语法项目] 一般过去时:主语+动词过去式(含used to do sth.) 现在完成时:主语+have/has+动词过去分词
[核心句型] 一般过去时:The hills used to be covered with sand. / There used to be rough roads. / My father bought a new car yesterday. 现在完成时:The hills have been covered with trees. / People have built new wide roads. / She has lived here since 2015. 时态对比:In the past, it was difficult to travel. Now great changes have taken place. / A journey that used to take a day now takes only a few hours.
[时间标志词] 一般过去时:yesterday, ago, last..., in 2018, used to 现在完成时:already, yet, just, ever, never, for, since, so far
教学工具
PPT课件、时间轴图示、小组合作任务单(回信模板)
教学策略
归纳法语法教学、情境教学法、任务型教学法、合作学习法
教学过程
教学环节
教学活动
学生活动
设计意图
Part1:
Lead-in
(5min)
1. Picture Review: Show the PPT slide of Li Rui’s hometown’s past and present pictures. Ask: “What did Li Rui’s hometown look like in the past? What does it look like now?” Elicit sentences using “used to” and present perfect tense.
2. Sentence Contrast: Write two sentences on the board: “The hills used to be covered with sand.” and “The hills have been covered with trees.” Ask: “What’s the difference in their verb forms? Which tense talks about the past? Which tense talks about the result now?”
3. Objective Clarification: Announce: “Today, we will learn how to use the simple past tense (including ‘used to’) and the present perfect tense correctly to describe changes.”
1. Observe the pictures and try to describe the changes using “used to” and the present perfect tense.
2. Compare the two sentences, identify the verb forms, and think about the different functions of the two tenses.
3. Understand the learning objectives for today’s class.
1. 通过复习Li Rui家乡的今昔图片,激活学生已有的背景知识,自然引出本课语法焦点——两种时态的对比。
2. 通过典型例句的直观对比,制造认知冲突,引导学生主动思考两种时态的功能差异。
3. 清晰告知本课学习目标,帮助学生明确学习方向。
效果评价:观察学生能否用“used to”和现在完成时正确描述图片变化。通过提问“Which tense talks about the past? Which talks about the result now?”,评估学生对两种时态功能的初步感知。
Part 2:
Presentation
(10min)
1. Email Reading (Contextual Input): Show George’s email to Mike on the PPT. Guide Ss to read it and underline all the verbs. Ask: “Which sentences talk about a past action? Which talk about a past habit? Which talk about a result now?”
2. Rule Induction (Simple Past Tense & Used to): Using the PPT slides, systematically explain: a) Meaning and structure of simple past tense (past event, completed action). b) Meaning and structure of “used to” (past habit, no longer true). c) Negative and question forms of “used to”. d) Comparison of “used to do”, “be used to doing”, and “be used to do”.
3. Rule Induction (Present Perfect Tense): Using the PPT slides and timeline, systematically explain: a) Meaning of present perfect tense (past action with present result; action continuing from past to present). b) Structure: have/has + past participle. c) Time markers: already, yet, just, ever, never, for, since.
4. Timeline Comparison: Draw two timelines on the board to visually compare the two tenses. Highlight: Simple past = action completed in the past; Present perfect = connection between past and present.
1. Read George’s email, underline verbs, and categorize them according to tense and function.
2. Listen to the explanation, take notes on the rules of simple past tense and “used to”, including its negative and question forms.
3. Listen to the explanation, take notes on the rules of present perfect tense and its common time markers.
4. Observe the timeline diagrams and internalize the core functional difference between the two tenses.
1. 通过真实的邮件语篇,让学生在语境中感知两种时态的混合使用,为后续的规则归纳提供丰富的语料基础。
2. 系统讲解一般过去时和“used to”的用法,帮助学生巩固已有知识,并澄清易混点(三种“used to”结构的辨析)。
3. 系统讲解现在完成时的用法,重点突出其“连接过去与现在”的核心功能,并与一般过去时形成对比。
4. 利用时间轴图示,将抽象的时态概念可视化,帮助学生直观理解两种时态的本质区别。
效果评价:检查学生在邮件中划线分类的准确性。通过提问(如“What’s the difference between ‘used to do’ and ‘be used to doing’?”),评估学生对规则的理解程度。观察学生对时间轴图示的反应,判断其对两种时态核心区别的把握情况。
Part 3:
Practice(10min)
1. Tense Choice Practice (PPT Exercises): Guide Ss to complete the “Choose the correct tense” exercise on PPT (10 sentences). For each sentence, ask Ss to identify the time marker and explain why they chose that tense.
2. Error Correction Practice (PPT Exercises): Present the “Find and correct the mistake” exercise (7 sentences). Have Ss work in pairs to identify errors (e.g., “He has bought a new phone yesterday.”) and correct them. Discuss the reasons for each error.
3. Dialogue Completion (4b): Guide Ss to complete the conversation in 4b with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Check answers and have Ss practice the dialogue in pairs.
4. Passage Completion (4c): Guide Ss to complete the passage in 4c with the correct forms of the verbs. After checking answers, ask: “Why are local people richer and happier than before?” to check comprehension.
1. Independently complete the tense choice exercise, identifying time markers and justifying their choices.
2. Work in pairs to find and correct mistakes in sentences. Explain the reasons for each correction.
3. Complete the dialogue in 4b, then practice it with a partner.
4. Complete the passage in 4c, then answer the comprehension question.
1. 选择填空练习训练学生根据时间标志词和语境判断时态的能力,是最基础的时态辨别训练。
2. 改错练习针对性极强,直击学生常见错误(时态混用、时间状语与时态不匹配等),通过纠错深化规则理解。
3. 4b对话填空将语法练习融入真实交际语境,同时训练听、说、写能力。
4. 4c篇章填空将语法练习置于一个有意义的语篇中,培养学生的语篇意识和综合运用能力。
效果评价:核对各项练习的答案,关注学生选择的正确率和错误类型。通过抽查学生讲解改错题的理由,评估其对时态规则的掌握深度。观察学生在4b对话练习中的表现,评估其能否在口语中正确使用时态。
Part 4:
Production
(11min)
1. Task Setup - “Reply to Mike’s Email”: Announce the production task: “Mike has written back. He wants to know more about the changes in Li Rui’s hometown. Let’s work in groups to help George reply to Mike!”
2. Group Discussion & Planning: Have Ss work in groups of four. Step 1 (1 min): Choose 3-4 aspects of change (transportation, environment, healthcare, shopping, education, etc.). Step 2 (2 min): Each member writes 1-2 aspects using both tenses. Step 3 (1 min): Integrate individual parts into a complete letter. Step 4 (1 min): Prepare for presentation.
3. Critical Thinking Extension: After the writing task, lead a brief discussion: “Are all changes good? Can you think of any disadvantages of fast development?” Use the PPT slide to prompt discussion (new roads may destroy forests, traditions may disappear, etc.).
4. Class Presentation: Invite 2-3 groups to present their letters to the class. Provide feedback on tense accuracy, content richness, and fluency.
1. Understand the task requirements and get into groups.
2. Follow the steps: discuss aspects to cover → each write 1-2 aspects → integrate into a complete letter → prepare for presentation.
3. Participate in the critical thinking discussion, sharing ideas about potential downsides of development.
4. Selected groups present their letters to the class. Other students listen and provide feedback.
1. 延续本课的邮件情境,使产出任务自然、有意义,激发学生的写作动机。
2. 小组合作写作降低了任务的难度,确保人人参与。分步骤指导使任务流程清晰,提高效率。
3. 批判性思维拓展环节引导学生辩证看待发展变化,培养高阶思维能力,与本单元“变化”主题形成深度呼应。
4. 班级展示为学生提供展示成果的平台,增强成就感,同时通过同伴互评促进学习。
效果评价:巡视小组讨论和写作过程,观察学生的参与度和时态使用的准确性。通过小组展示,评估学生能否综合、准确地运用两种时态进行创造性输出。通过批判性讨论,评估学生能否有理有据地表达自己的观点。
Part 5:
Summary
(2min)
Use the summary slide from the PPT to review.
Follow the teacher to review the core grammar knowledge and the key message about balanced development.
总结本课所学内容,巩固加深印象,同时升华主题,呼应单元主题“变化的世界”。
Part 6:
Language points
(5min)
Explain five key words from the lesson in detail, using the PPT slides and exercises.
Listen, take notes on the usage, collocations, and example sentences of each word. Participate in the related exercises (fill-in-the-blank, translation).
聚焦课文中的重点词汇进行精讲,帮助学生深入理解词义和用法,提升语言使用的准确性,为后续的写作输出积累词汇资源。
Part 7:
Exercise
(3min)
Distribute and guide Ss to complete the in-class exercises (e.g., word selection, blank filling) based on the lesson content.
Complete the in-class exercises independently. Check answers with the teacher.
通过即时练习检测课堂教学效果,帮助教师了解学情,学生自查学习效果。
Part 8:
Homework
基础作业: 完成课本第9页4b和4c的填空练习,并将两篇文本工整地抄写在作业本上。
进阶作业: 写一段话(60-80词),用一般过去时和现在完成时描述你所在城市或家乡的三个变化。
拓展作业: 以“Changes in My Hometown”为主题,做一个小型调查(采访家人或邻居),了解他们记忆中家乡的变化,然后制作一份英文报告或PPT,下节课进行展示。
Record the homework tasks.
分层设计作业,满足不同学生需求。基础作业巩固语法知识;进阶作业锻炼语境中的应用能力;拓展作业鼓励创造性输出和实际生活关联。
板书设计
教学反思
本课作为语法聚焦课,成功地将形式讲解与意义运用紧密结合。通过George的邮件这一贯穿性情境,使两种时态的对比学习置于有意义的语篇中,避免了孤立讲解语法的枯燥。教学环节从语境感知到规则归纳,再到分层练习和创造性产出,逻辑清晰,层层递进。针对学生容易混淆两种时态功能的核心难点,通过时间轴图示和大量对比练习进行了有效突破。批判性思维环节引导学生辩证看待发展变化,提升了思维的深度。语言点讲解结合练习,实用性强。需注意的是,部分学生在自由写作时,对两种时态的切换仍会出现犹豫,尤其是在同一段落中需要根据表达意图灵活切换时,还需在后续单元的复习和写作练习中不断强化。总体而言,本节课系统、有效地完成了既定的语法教学目标,并实现了语言学习与思维培养的有机结合。
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