必修第二册 Unit 1 Food for thought(食物）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（外研版）

**基本信息** 汇编2018-2025年高考英语真题，聚焦“食物”主题，涵盖阅读理解、语法填空、七选五题型，以社会热点与跨文化情境为载体，考查语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5篇20题|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|选用食物浪费（2025全国二卷）、健康饮食（2022新高考I卷）等热点素材，设题梯度从基础信息到深层推断| |语法填空|3篇30空|词形转换、介词、从句、非谓语|结合小笼包（2023新高考I卷）、中国饮食变化（2018全国II卷）等文化素材，考查语法在语境中的应用| |七选五|2篇10题|篇章结构、逻辑衔接|围绕适度饮食（2024全国甲卷）、跨文化就餐礼仪（2022全国甲卷），注重语篇连贯与信息匹配|

Unit 1 Food for thought （食物） 阅读理解 [2025·全国二卷] D Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we􀆳re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: it changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village􀆳s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver􀆳s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED􀆳s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. (　)32.What can be inferred about the author􀆳s early life? A.He witnessed food shortage. B.He enjoyed the local cuisine. C.He donated food to Africans. D.He helped to cook at home. (　)33.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A.To customize dishes for guests. B.To make the public aware of food waste. C.To test a food processing method. D.To improve the UK􀆳s zero-waste systems. (　)34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Why the ingredients were used. B.Which dishes were best liked. C.What the dishes were made of. D.Where the ingredients were bought. (　)35.What can we learn about wastED? A.It has ended as planned. B.It is creating new jobs. C.It has regained popularity. D.It is criticized by top chefs. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题,并介绍了纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目,该餐厅将本该被丢弃的食材有创意地改造成菜品,以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 32.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase ‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.” 可知,作“非洲有孩子在挨饿” 这句话对在南非长大的作者而言，并非晚餐时的祈祷语，而是对事实的提醒。由此可推断，作者早年生活中能感受到食物短缺的现实，“挨饿的孩子” 这一事实是其目睹过的，甚至有可能是亲身体会的。故选A。 33.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.”可知,Blue Hill 餐厅将名字改为 wastED，所提供的每一道菜品都是专门为了提高人们对食物浪费的关注度而定制的。这直接表明该餐厅开展这一实验的核心目的是让公众意识到食物浪费问题。故选B。 34.C　段落大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED􀆳s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.”可知,文章第五段首先指出 wastED 菜单上的菜品并非由垃圾制成，随后具体列举了羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被拒收的红薯、黄瓜头这些大多数餐厅不会考虑使用的食材，说明这些食材经过厨师处理后变成了美味菜肴。整段内容围绕 wastED 餐厅菜品的制作原料展开，清晰阐述了菜品由哪些特殊食材构成。故选C。 35.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.”可知,wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目,现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单,由此推断,实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。 [2025·浙江1月考] B 　　When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don􀆳t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I􀆳m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I􀆳m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I􀆳m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren􀆳t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I􀆳ve been trying out these strategies and I􀆳ve found that when I􀆳m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don􀆳t eat it, they􀆳re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” (　)24.What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A.She is upset by her kids􀆳 weight. B.She is critical of the way she was fed. C.She is interested in making food. D.She is particular about what she eats. (　)25.Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. (　)26.What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A.Make diet decisions on their own. B.Share their food with other kids. C.Eat up what is provided for them. D.Help their parents do the dishes. (　)27.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了父母在孩子饮食中的角色,提到了“责任分工”理论,建议父母提供健康食物并让孩子自行选择,同时强调避免过度讨论食物而带来的负面影响。 24.B　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,作者童年时常听到“不能吃某些食物,不然会变胖”的警告,这让她很困扰。因此,她对女儿使用了截然不同的喂养方式,鼓励女儿吃健康的零食,少吃甜点,以避免给女儿造成困扰。故B选项“她对(父母)喂养她的方式持批评态度。”正确。应选B项。 25.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中Charlotte Markey教授的观点“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I􀆳m not convinced that food is one of them…”可知,Markey认为对于食物这个话题,父母不应过多讨论,否则会让孩子产生不必要的担忧和不安。因此,C选项“向孩子解释吃零食的风险。”正是她所不赞成的做法。应选C项。 26.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中对“Division of Responsibility”理论的描述可知,Markey教授建议父母为孩子提供健康食品,让孩子自己决定吃什么以及吃多少。故A选项“让孩子自己做出饮食决策。”是正确的。应选A项。 27.C　推理判断题。文章最后一段“I􀆳ve been trying out these strategies and I􀆳ve found that when I􀆳m less restrictive, they do make better decisions.”表明,当作者减少对孩子饮食的限制时,孩子们确实做出了更好的饮食选择。由此可推测,因为这些策略产生了积极效果,所以作者认为它们是可行的。故C选项“可行的。”正确。应选C项。 [2023·全国乙卷] C What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. (　)28.What do people usually think of British food? A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition. C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation. (　)29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV? A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential. (　)30.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%. (　)31.What might the author continue talking about? A.The art of cooking in other countries. B.Male chefs on TV programmes. C.Table manners in the UK. D.Studies of big eaters. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国的电视烹饪节目对英国人的饮食习惯产生了巨大的影响,很多人开始摆脱过去的饮食习惯,而且它也改变了人们对烹饪的看法。 28.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine…”可知,提到英国食物人们想到的可能是炸鱼薯条,或者是周日的肉和两种蔬菜晚餐。人们通常认为英国食物不太让人感兴趣,给人的印象不那么深刻,即简单和普通。故选A项。 29.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”及“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”可知,电视烹饪节目上的厨师们让英国人远离传统的“一荤两素”和现成餐食,并开始在烹饪习惯上变得更加冒险,电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。由此可推知,英国电视上的烹饪节目很有影响力。故选D项。 30.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料)than they used to…”可知,近三分之一的人表示,他们现在使用的配料比过去的种类更多。故选D项。 31.B　推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。 [2022·新高考全国I卷] B Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,” Curtin says. (　)24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A.We pay little attention to food waste. B.We waste food unintentionally at times. C.We waste more vegetables than meat. D.We have good reasons for wasting food. (　)25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm. C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation. (　)26. What does Curtin's company do? A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food. (　)27. What does Curtin suggest people do? A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption. C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章从作者自身经历出发,引出食物浪费的话题,进而阐明食物浪费的危害,作者最后给出了减少食物浪费的措施。 24.B　推理判断题。根据第一段开头可知,作者尽量留意不浪费食物,但根据下文“But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;”可知作者最后加班到很晚。然后朋友们打电话邀请作者共进晚餐,于是作者把鸡肉放在冰箱里了。几天过后,芝麻菜坏了。更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地买了太多芝麻菜,因此可知,作者有时无意地浪费了食物。故选B。 25.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一、二句“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知,生产无人食用的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用于种植食物的资源。这就使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题,即食物浪费会对环境造成危害,故选B。 26.D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”可知,Curtin是华盛顿DC Central Kitchen的首席执行官,而DC Central Kitchen是回收食物并将其转化为健康的膳食的一家公司,也就是说它将不需要的食物做成饭,故选D项。 27.A　细节理解题。从文章最后一段 Curtin 所说的话“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat…”可知,他认为每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用,无论是在每周购物时不购买超过必要数量的食物,还是要求餐厅不要提供你不会吃的配菜。由此可知A选项(只购买所需的东西)为正确选项。 [2022·全国乙卷] D The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. (　)32. Why was the sugar tax introduced? A.To collect money for schools. B.To improve the quality of drinks. C.To protect children's health. D.To encourage research in education. (　)33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A.They turned to overseas markets. B.They raised the prices of their products. C.They cut down on their production. D.They reduced their products' sugar content. (　)34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A.Most alcoholic drinks. B.Milk-based drinks. C.Fruit juices. D.Classic Coke. (　)35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A.It is a short-sighted decision. B.It is a success story. C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。英国政府对软饮料征收糖税,以解决儿童和青少年的健康问题,同时该项收入将用于学校的体育发展。 32.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).”可知,英国征收糖税的目的是帮助减少儿童肥胖,即保障他们的健康。故选C。 33.D　细节理解题。根据第四段“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知,一些饮料公司通过降低产品的含糖量来避税。故选D。 34.D　推理判断题。根据第五段可知,一些高糖品牌,如经典可口可乐,已经接受了糖税,并拒绝改变,因为他们担心会惹恼消费者。同时果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的,每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。由此可知,糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D。 35.B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools.”可知,现在的数据显示了糖税的积极影响,它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑,即糖税政策的实施是成功的。故选B。 [2020·全国新高考I卷] D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? (　　)12.What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behaviour. (　　)13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. (　　)14.Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. (　　)15.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄入量的研究,结果表明“他们吃我也吃”的影响的确存在,但高而瘦的人的饮食习惯对人们的影响更大。 12.D　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.”可知,根据《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究,我们就餐同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。故该项研究主要关注的是饮食行为。 13.D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段可推知,与现有的研究相反,你应该避免和吃得多的瘦人一起吃东西。故画线词意为“高而瘦的人”。 14.A　推理判断题。根据第二段首句“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.”及后文内容可知,研究者雇用演员的目的是测试她对其他人的饮食习惯的影响,故选A。 15.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the ‘I'll have what she's having’ effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?”可知,“他们吃我也吃”的影响的确存在,但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法来调整自己的饮食习惯。 [2019·全国卷II] C Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone. A new report found 46 per cent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 per cent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 per cent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 per cent,according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be out. Alone,but together,you know?” Bechtel said,looking up from her book. Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with co-workers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today,I just wanted some time to myself,” she said. Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over. Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 28.What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about? A.Food variety. B.Eating habits. C.Table manners. D.Restaurant service. 29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A.To meet with her co-workers. B.To catch up with her work. C.To have some time on her own. D.To collect data for her report. 30.What do we know about Mazoleny? A.He makes videos for the bar. B.He's fond of the food at the bar. C.He interviews customers at the bar. D.He's familiar with the barkeeper. 31.What is the text mainly about? A.The trend of having meals alone. B.The importance of self-reflection. C.The stress from working overtime. D.The advantage of wireless technology. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。一份新的调查发现,越来越多的美国人选择独自一个人吃饭。本文分析了这种现象背后的深层次原因。 28.B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知,在美国,有46%的人们独自用餐,53%的人们独自吃早餐,46%的人们独自吃午餐,只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用,故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯的,故选B。 29.C　细节理解题。根据第三段“A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.‘Today, I just wanted some time to myself,’…”可知,Bechtel认为一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注,给自己留一些自由时间,故选C。 30.D　推理判断题。根据第四段“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).”可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛,因为他可以坐在那里查看手机信息,或者想聊天了,可以直呼吧台服务员的名字和他聊天。故可推知,他与该服务员很熟悉,可以直呼对方的名字,故选D。 31.A　主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示,很大比例的美国人选择独自用餐,原因很多,比如逃离工作环境或者反思自己。独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势,故选A。 [2018·全国卷II] B Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.  24.What does the author seem to like about cherries? A.They contain protein. B.They are high in vitamin A. C.They have a pleasant taste. D.They are rich in antioxidants. 25.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A.To make them smell better. B.To keep their colour. C.To speed up their ripening. D.To improve their nutrition. 26.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A.A dessert. B.A drink. C.A container. D.A machine. 27.From which is the text probably taken? A.A biology textbook. B.A health magazine. C.A research paper. D.A travel brochure. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了七月份是各种水果上市的季节,尤其提到了美味的樱桃以及加入柠檬汁来防止变色的冻香蕉。 24.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?”可知,作者十分喜欢樱桃的味道。 25.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”可知,加入新鲜的柠檬汁会防止香蕉变成棕色,故这样做是为了保持冻香蕉的颜色。 26.D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的第一句话“If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.”和最后一句话“…they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine…”可知,juicer是一个榨汁的机器。 27.B　主旨大意题。综合本文的信息,文章中提到了樱桃等其他一些水果含有的营养物质,而这些都属于健康方面的信息,因此该文章可能来自健康杂志。 [2018·全国卷I] B Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. “We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24.What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping fit by eating smart B. Balancing our daily diet C. Making yourself a perfect chef D. Cooking well for less 【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费的同时以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。 24.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role…”可知,她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。 25.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.”可知, Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下,提供如何减少食物浪费的建议,同时给每个家庭准备每日生活费低于5英镑的食谱。故选C。解题关键词:with the help of。 26.C　写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的“…Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of…which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.”可知,Save Money: Good Food节目效仿Save Money: Good Health节目,给观众一些建议。作者为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的,即背景信息。故选C。 27.D　主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容可知,文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的“…prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.”(在资金紧张的情况下,准备可口且有营养的饭菜)“… how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.”(如何减少食物浪费,同时给每个家庭准备每日生活费低于5英镑的食谱)“‘… how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.’”(我们自己做这种食物会有多便宜)“…less expensive but still tasty recipes.”(不贵但仍然可口的食谱),可判断D正确。 语法填空 [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, 56.　　　　　　 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.　　　　　　 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), 58.　　　　 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).   Shanghai may be the 59.　　　　　 (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 60.　　　　　　 hand rather than rolled.   Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61.　　　　　　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.　　　　　　 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 63.　　　　　　 touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.  No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 64.　　　　　　 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 65.　　　　　　 (want) more next time.  【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包,讲述了小笼包的特点、发源地以及制作方法等。 56.tasty　考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的面皮包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉,无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词修饰后面的名词 soup作定语,故空处需用tasty “美味的”。 57.to bite　考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆开。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。 58.or　考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆开。此处考查短语whether…or…“是……还是……”。 59.recognized　考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河古镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。 60.by　考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的做法有所不同——面皮多而汤汁少——包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。 61.to be lifted　考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来时不会破皮或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”可知,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。 62.their　考查代词。修饰后面的名词contents需用形容词性物主代词their。 63.a　考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点儿甜味,包裹着肉馅的汤应该是热的、清澈的和美味的。a touch of “一点儿;少许”为常用搭配,touch“一点儿;少许”常用作单数。故填a。 64.rarely　考查副词。副词rarely修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”, rarely enough “几乎不够”。 65.wanting　考查非谓语动词。句意:可是,无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。 [2018·浙江卷] Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56.　　　　 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57.　　　　 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58.　　　　 can be to eat out. I still remember 59.　　　　 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I 60.　　　　 (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.  While regularly eating out seems to 61.　　　　 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. The obvious one is money: eating out once or twice a week may be 62.　　　　 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63.　　　　 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64.　　　　 (weigh) problems.  If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home 65.　　　　 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.  【要点综述】 这是一篇议论文,随着社会的发展,越来越多的人选择外出就餐。然而作者认为,外出就餐会导致费用支出过多和更多的健康问题,所以他建议多在家做饭。 56.dishes　考查名词复数。根据上下文可知,做中国菜看起来很麻烦,dish是可数名词,故用复数形式dishes。 57.who/that　考查定语从句。此处先行词是many westerners,故填关系代词who/that。 58.it　考查代词。此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是to eat out。 59.visiting　考查非谓语动词。remember doing表示“记得做过某事”,所以填visiting。 60.was shocked　考查动词的时态和语态。此处根据语意可知,“我”感到很震惊,故需用被动语态,同时根据后面的learnt可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填was shocked。 61.have become　考查动词的时态。此处根据语意“在外面就餐看起来已经成为一种平常的现象”,同时结合in recent years可知,需要不定式的完成式,故填have become。 62.affordable　考查形容词。根据语意可知,此处需用afford的形容词形式affordable,要注意“a”不要遗漏。 63.higher　考查形容词的比较级。此处根据even,并结合语意可知,需用high的比较级higher。 64.weight　考查名词。根据语意可知,此处需填入动词weigh的名词形式weight。 65.for　考查介词。根据语意可知,此处表示“去妈妈家吃晚饭”,介词for表示目的。 七选五 [2024·全国甲卷] What is moderation(适度)? Basically,it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36.　　　　 But it doesn􀆳t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.  Take your time. It􀆳s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.37.　　　　 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.  Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It􀆳s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38.　　　  Control emotional(情绪的)eating. 39.　　　　 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.  40.　　　　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢),while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you􀆳re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.  A.Eat properly throughout the day. B.We don􀆳t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C.Don􀆳t swallow a meal on the way to work. D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E.Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F.For many of us,moderation means eating less than we do now. G.That won􀆳t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了适度饮食。 36.F　上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.”指出,进餐时不要吃太饱,吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn􀆳t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.”指出,适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说,适度意味着比我们现在吃的要少。”解释了何为适量饮食,承上启下,符合文意,选项中的means与下文呼应。故选F项。 37.C　根据上文“Take your time. It􀆳s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.”可推知,本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽,不要过于急躁。C项“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 38.E　上文“It􀆳s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.”指出,如果随时都有不健康的食物在手,要适度饮食就更具有挑战性,E项“相反,让自己周围充满健康的选择。”符合文意,建议读者选择健康的食物,选项中的healthy与上文中的unhealthy相对应。故选E项。 39.B　根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating.”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.”可推知,本段主要建议读者不要情绪化地暴饮暴食,要健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪,符合语境。故选B项。 40.A　设空处位于段首,总结全段,下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning.”指出,我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。 [2022·全国甲卷] Important things to know when dining out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36.　　　　. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.  Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37.　　　　.  Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 38.　　　　, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.  Making Requests 39.　　　　. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.  Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40.　　　　, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.  A.The more friends you make in your lifetime B.The more time you spend in any given country C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些不同文化背景下的就餐礼仪。 36.D　根据文章标题“Important things to know when dining out”可知,本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知,D项“Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant”符合语境,其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“when dining out”,同时呼应下文内容。故选D。 37.F　根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知,本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.”可知,此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。分析选项可知,F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项,符合此处语境,其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。 38.C　根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知,本段主要讲述的是用手还是餐具就餐的问题。由此可知,C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils”符合语境,且与下文形成转折关系。故选C。 39.G　根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知,本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.”可推知,在一些国家,用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知,G项“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal”符合此处语境,与下文构成转折,其中“request”是关键词。故选G。 40.B　此处是“the+比较级,the+比较级结构”,故可锁定A、B项。下文“…the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.”中的its指代B项中的any given country,即在一个国家待得越久,就会越习惯当地习俗。故B项“The more time you spend in any given country”符合语境,能够引出下文。故选B。 语法填空 [2018·全国卷II] Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61.　　　　 (grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 per cent over 62.　　　　 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 per cent.  A taste for meat is 63.　　　　 (actual) behind the change: an important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: the government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64.　　　　 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65.　　　　 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66.　　　　 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.  According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 per cent of total 67.　　　　 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68.　　　　 (start) a soil-testing programme 69.　　　　 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China's approach to protecting its environment while 70.　　　　 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.  【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了近年来,中国根据人们的膳食变化,调整农作物种植结构,减少化肥使用量,为全球生态环境保护做出贡献的情况。 61.has grown　考查时态。结合前面的since 2011可知,主句中使用现在完成时,故填has grown。 62.the　考查冠词。根据后面的past 25 years可知是在过去的25年的时间内,属于特指的时间,故填the。 63.actually　考查副词。根据语境,此处修饰介词短语behind the change,故用副词。 64.to improve　考查不定式。根据前面的“…the government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice…”可知,政府鼓励农民们种植谷物而不是水稻来提高水质,此处是目的状语,故填to improve。 65.than　考查连词。结合前面的less和句意“谷物比水稻用的水更少”可知,此处是比较级,填than。 66.pollution　考查名词。根据前面的“This switch has decreased…”可知后面缺少宾语,用名词作宾语,故填pollution。 67.global　考查形容词。根据语境,此处表示中国的化肥消耗量约占世界的30%,因此使用形容词作后面名词的定语。故填global。 68.started　考查时态。分析句子结构,此处缺少谓语,再根据前面的2005可知,此处填过去式。 69.that/which　考查定语从句。根据前面的a soil-testing programme及空格处缺少主语可知,填that/which。 70.feeding　考查现在分词。此处是while引导的省略句,feed的主语是前面的China,属于主谓关系,故用现在分词。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $