Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain暑假预习讲义2026-2027学年沪教版九年级英语上册

Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain — 暑假预习讲义 01 课前导学 关键词 内容 学习目标 1. 能够正确使用定语从句（who / that / which）修饰人物和事物。 2. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇和短语（humour, fence, yard, concern, sort, regard）。 3. 能够理解《汤姆·索亚历险记》中“刷篱笆”的经典片段，分析汤姆的性格特点。 4. 能够用定语从句描述文学作品中的角色。 学习重点 . 定语从句中 who / that / which 的用法。 2. 关系代词作主语和作宾语时的省略规则。 3. 本单元核心词汇与短语。 学习难点 1. who / that / which 的区分。 2. 关系代词作宾语时的省略。 3. 定语从句与主句的时态配合。 02 核心词汇 1. associate v. 联系 2. humour n. 幽默；幽默感 3. fence n. 栅栏；篱笆 4. sink v. 下沉；下陷 5. yard n. 码（长度单位） 6. survey v. 查看；审视 7. aloud adv. 大声地 8. pity n. 遗憾；可惜 9. gentleman n. 彬彬有礼的人 10. concern n. 担心；忧虑 11. sort n. 种类；类别 12. spring n. 活力；朝气 13. bet n. 打赌 14. afterwards adv. 后来 15. brief adj. 简洁的；简单的 16. journalist n. 新闻记者 17. pilot n. 领航员；引水员 18. failure n. 失败 19. regard v. 把……视为；看待 20. public speaker n. 发言人；演讲者 03 核心短语 1. first-person point of view 第一人称视角 2. pick up 捡起；重新开始 3. carry on with something 继续做某事；坚持干某事 4. go on 继续下去；持续 5. be particular about 讲究；挑剔 6. get tired 变得疲倦 7. with a spring in one’s step 迈着轻快的步伐 8. make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 9. pay...back （向某人）还钱 10. pass down 使……世代相传 04 重点句型 1. The sweet smell of summer flowers hung in the warm air. 夏日花朵的甜香弥漫在温暖的空气中。 2. But Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 但汤姆·索亚感觉仿佛全世界的重量都压在了他的肩上。 3. He looked at the fence his aunt wanted him to paint and his heart sank further. 他看着姨妈要他刷的篱笆，心情更加沉重了。 4. Tom painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest. 汤姆刷了一块木板，审视了一下进展，然后坐下来休息。 5. He imagined his friends having fun and the thought of this burnt him like fire. 他想象着朋友们在玩耍，这个念头像火一样灼烧着他。 6. Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 汤姆没有理他，继续手头的工作。 7. “Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day？” “一个男孩每天都有机会刷这样的篱笆吗？” 8. He went on painting, fully absorbed in his work. 他继续刷着，完全沉浸在工作中。 9. “I’m the only person that can do it right.” “我是唯一能把它刷好的人。” 10. All day, boys came to make fun of Tom, but they stayed to paint. 一整天，男孩们都来取笑汤姆，但他们留下来刷篱笆了。 11. Tom set off with a spring in his step to report back to his aunt. 汤姆迈着轻快的步伐去给姨妈汇报。 12. Mark Twain is regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 马克·吐温被认为是美国最伟大的小说家之一。 05 语法精讲与考点梳理 考点1：定语从句的定义 【定义】定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 【结构公式】先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 【关系代词选择】 先行词指人 → who / that 先行词指物 → which / that 【例句】 ✅ The novel which the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.（先行词指物） ✅ The person who wrote the novel was Mark Twain.（先行词指人） ✅ The stories that were written by Mark Twain are often funny.（先行词指物） 考点2：who 引导的定语从句 【定义】先行词指人时，关系代词用 who（作主语或宾语）或 whom（作宾语）。 【用法分类】 1. who 作主语 例句：The person who wrote the novel was Mark Twain. 翻译：写这部小说的人是马克·吐温。 要点：who 在从句中作主语，不能省略。 2. who / whom 作宾语 例句：I know the girl who / whom you met yesterday. 翻译：我认识你昨天遇到的那个女孩。 要点：作宾语时可省略。 【例句】 ✅ The only friend that Jim had was Huckleberry Finn.（指人，作宾语） ✅ She is the girl who sings well.（指人，作主语） 考点3：that 引导的定语从句 【定义】that 可以指人，也可以指物，是最通用的关系代词。 【用法分类】 1. that 指人（可替代 who） 例句：He is the only person that can help me. 翻译：他是唯一能帮助我的人。 2. that 指物（可替代 which） 例句：The stories that were written by Mark Twain are often funny. 翻译：马克·吐温写的故事通常很有趣。 【只能使用 that 的情况】 先行词被最高级/序数词修饰时 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词时 先行词既有人又有物时 考点4：which 引导的定语从句 【定义】先行词指物时，关系代词用 which 或 that。 【用法分类】 1. which 作主语 例句：The novel which the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 翻译：这个故事出自的小说叫《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 2. which 作宾语 例句：Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another famous novel which Mark Twain wrote. 翻译：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是马克·吐温写的另一部著名小说。 考点5：关系代词的省略规则 【定义】关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不能省略。 【规则总结】 成分 能否省略 例句 作主语 ❌ 不能 The boy who helped me is kind. 作宾语 ✅ 可以 The book （that） I bought is interesting. 考点6：核心词汇精讲 1. humour /ˈhjuːmə/ n. 幽默；幽默感 【用法】形容词：humorous（幽默的）。 【例句】 ✅ Mark Twain’s books are famous for their humour. ✅ He has a great sense of humour. 2. survey /səˈveɪ/ v. 查看；审视 【用法】及物动词，表示“仔细查看”。 【例句】 ✅ Tom painted one board and surveyed his progress. ✅ She surveyed the room before entering. 3. concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 担心；忧虑 【用法】也可作动词“涉及；使担忧”。形容词：concerned（担忧的）。 【例句】 ✅ There was an expression of concern on his face. ✅ She showed great concern for her friend. 4. regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ v. 把……视为 【用法】常见搭配：regard...as...（把……视为……）。 【例句】 ✅ Mark Twain is regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. ✅ I regard him as my best friend. 5. pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ n. 领航员；引水员 【用法】也可指“飞行员”。 【例句】 ✅ Twain became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi. ✅ He works as a pilot. 6. make a fortune 发财 【用法】fortune 可指“财富”或“运气”。 【例句】 ✅ He dreamt of making a fortune. ✅ She made a fortune in the stock market. 06 重点归纳 一、关系代词用法对比 关系代词 指代 充当成分 能否省略 who 人 主语/宾语 作宾语时可省略 that 人或物 主语/宾语 作宾语时可省略 which 物 主语/宾语 作宾语时可省略 二、只能用 that 的情况 情况 例句 最高级/序数词后 This is the best book that I have read. 不定代词后 All that I need is time. 人+物混合 I like the people and places that I visited. 07 过关检测 一、单项选择（共10题） 1. The person ______ wrote the novel was Mark Twain. A. which  B. who  C. whom  D. whose 2. The novel ______ the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. A. which  B. who  C. whom  D. whose 3. The stories ______ were written by Mark Twain are often funny. A. who  B. whom  C. that  D. whose 4. He is the only person ______ can help me. A. which  B. whom  C. that  D. whose 5. Tom painted one board and ______ his progress. A. surveyed  B. survey  C. surveying  D. surveys 6. Tom paid him no ______ and carried on with the task. A. attention  B. intention  C. invention  D. mention 7. He went on painting, fully ______ in his work. A. absorb  B. absorbing  C. absorbed  D. absorbs 8. Mark Twain is ______ as one of the greatest American novelists. A. regarded  B. regarding  C. regard  D. regards 9. He dreamt of ______ a fortune. A. making  B. make  C. made  D. makes 10. All day, boys came to make fun ______ Tom. A. for  B. of  C. with  D. to 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（共8题） 1. The person ______（who / which） wrote the novel was Mark Twain. 2. The novel ______（who / which） the story came from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 3. The only friend ______（that / who） Jim had was Huckleberry Finn. 4. Tom ______（survey） his progress and sat down to rest. 5. He went on painting, fully ______（absorb） in his work. 6. Mark Twain is ______（regard） as one of the greatest American novelists. 7. He dreamt of ______（make） a fortune. 8. All day, boys came to make fun ______ Tom. 三、完成句子（共6题） 1. 写这部小说的人是马克·吐温。 The person ______ ______ the novel was Mark Twain. 2. 这个故事出自的小说叫《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 The novel ______ the story ______ from was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 3. 马克·吐温写的故事通常很有趣。 The stories ______ ______ written by Mark Twain are often funny. 4. 他是唯一能帮助我的人。 He is the only person ______ ______ help me. 5. 汤姆刷了一块木板，然后坐下来休息。 Tom ______ one board and then ______ down to have a rest. 6. 马克·吐温被认为是美国最伟大的小说家之一。 Mark Twain is ______ as one of the greatest American ______. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1. B【详解】先行词指人，作主语用 who。故选 B。 2. A【详解】先行词指物，用 which。故选 A。 3. C【详解】先行词指物，用 that。故选 C。 4. C【详解】先行词被 the only 修饰，用 that。故选 C。 5. A【详解】and 连接并列谓语，用过去式 surveyed。故选 A。 6. A【详解】pay attention to 表示“注意”。故选 A。 7. C【详解】be absorbed in 表示“沉浸于”，用过去分词作形容词。故选 C。 8. A【详解】be regarded as 固定搭配。故选 A。 9. A【详解】of 后接动名词 making。故选 A。 10. B【详解】make fun of 固定搭配。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. who（先行词指人，作主语） 2. which（先行词指物，作宾语） 3. that（先行词指人，the only修饰） 4. surveyed（过去式） 5. absorbed（过去分词作形容词） 6. regarded（被动语态） 7. making（动名词） 8. of（make fun of） 三、完成句子 1. who wrote（先行词指人，作主语） 2. which came（先行词指物，作主语） 3. that were（先行词指物，作主语） 4. that can（the only修饰） 5. painted; sat（并列谓语） 6. regarded; novelists（被动语态） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $