专题03 选词填空之小猫钓鱼方略（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦选词填空“小猫钓鱼”题型，以四类实词和非谓语动词为核心，通过基础-重难-真题三级演练构建系统性训练体系，提升语言运用与语境分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|2考向（名动形副/非谓语），含上海交大附中模拟题|方框选词填空（一词一用，多一词）|从基础实词辨析到非谓语判定，构建词汇运用基础| |重难·创新演练|3篇（密码安全/欧洲城堡/变革者），含上海春考题|结合创新话题，强化复杂语境词汇辨析|拓展话题场景，深化语境逻辑与词汇匹配能力| |真题·实战演练|3篇名校真题（南洋模范/七宝/宜川中学）|高频考点集中，贴近高考命题趋势|通过真题实战，巩固四类实词与非谓语核心考点|

第03讲 选词填空之小猫钓鱼方略 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 考查名词、动词、形容词、副词判断 1．H 2．E 3．K 4．I 5．F 6．D 7．A 8．G 9．B 10．J 考向02 考查非谓语动词判定 41．K 42．G 43．F 44．A 45．H 46．B 47．J 48．D 49．I 50．C 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 31. C　32. D　33. F　34. E　35. B 36. I　37. G　38. A　39. K　40. J Passage 2 31. D　32. B　33. F　34. K　35. H 36. E　37. C　38. A　39. G　40. I Passage 3 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. I 17. E 18. G 19. K 20. F 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 1．J 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．K 6．F 7．G 8．A 9．I 10．B Passage 2 11．H 12．A 13．G 14．C 15．J 16．F 17．I 18．E 19．D 20．K Passage 3 21．E 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．I 26．C 27．G 28．F 29．K 30．J 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 选词填空之小猫钓鱼方略 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：名词、动词、形容词、副词判断；非谓语动词判定…… 考向01 考查名词、动词、形容词、副词判断 【2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题】 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．decompose    B．identifiable    C． objective    D．plentiful    E. practice    F. previously       G. primitive    H. sculpt    I. signal    J. slice    K. systematically Bone tools invented much earlier than previously thought The Stone Age was the original Industrial Revolution, which began possibly as early as 3 million years ago. During the period, our human ancestors and their close cousins learned to 1 a wide range of tools from rocks. But despite the era’s name, at least some Stone Age toolmakers also made frequent use of bone. How early they did so and when the 2 became common, has been unclear. Now, a collection of bone tools from Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge suggests early humans 3 worked on that art by 1.5 million years ago, fashioning heavy cutting tools from bones of hippos, elephants, and other large animals. The finding may 4 that these ancient craftsmen possessed the capability to transfer technological innovations from one material to another. “The most exciting aspect is that these bone tools were produced long before it was 5 thought,” says Lucinda Backwell, an archaeologist (考古学家) not involved in the study. For ancient toolmakers, bones offered an attractive raw material. They could be 6 in places lacking rocks typically used for tools. In addition, the leg bones of large animals were well-shaped for making cutting tools and far lighter than rocks of equal size. Deciding when exactly bone toolmaking became commonplace has remained difficult. Unlike stones, bones often 7 . It can be hard to distinguish 8 bony tools from the broken fossils (化石) typically found at archaeological sites. In 2015, a team from the Olduvai Gorge Archaeology Project, a site hosting a 2-million-year record of fossils, uncovered an elephant leg bone with clear signs of having been shaped and sharpened by human hands. Eventually, the team recovered 27 bone tools, mostly from giant animals such as elephants and hippos. Many were 9 as tools because toolmakers chipped off small pieces to shape the edges. Researchers believe the bones — along with stone tools also found around — were used as heavy cutting tools to 10 meat and smash open bones. “They were not only interested in animals just for foodstuff,” de la Torre says. “They were interested in animals as raw material sources.” 考向02 考查非谓语动词判定 【2025届上海市延安中学高三下学期三模英语试题 】 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．design B．discipline C．merely D．grieving E．filled F．exercise G．highly H．line I．forming J．consumed K．mount Let Students Finish the Whole Book. It Could Change Their Lives. When a semester begins, I often give my students a little essay by Virginia Woolf, “How Should One Read a Book?” She advises, “Begin not by sitting on the bench among the judges, but by standing in the dock with the criminal. Be his fellow worker.” And when they have turned the last page, Woolf invites the reader to “leave the dock and 41 the bench. He must cease to be the friend; he must become the judge.” According to the 2015 Nation’s Report Card, only 37% American 12th graders were rated as good enough at reading. So the government’s determination that it’s time to stop seeing books and essays as the core of English education seems 42 questionable. But true literacy isn’t just broken, secondhand knowledge. And reading, in particular, is an important 43 in inferiority, an insistence on listening to something without imposing your own 44 on it. While we still have the institutions of school and class time as well as the books that 45 our walls, we need to challenge students with language and characters that may not come to them immediately but might heal healthy 46 . Of all the things I could do in this world, I’m fortunate to push stories from faraway lands to young minds and see whether I can spark their synapses (神经元突触). Sometimes, I’ll admit, I’d rather be watching sports or even, sleeping. And it’s not easy for students to crack open a book, to decode language written in a way they don’t speak. The juniors and seniors I taught last fall had little knowledge of environmental activism or animal welfare when I handed them Richard Powers’s “Bewilderment,” about a talented 9-year-old who is 47 with saving endangered species as his 48 father struggles to protect him. But through fiction’s safe distance, students could explore big world issues and the complex sides of parental love. The mixed feelings they brought about will be a part of their 49 identities. Had they 50 read the summary, they would have seen many of the same words, but they’d have lacked the feeling part. 重难·创新演练 设题创新:"密码安全性";欧洲城堡介绍;世界需要新类型变革者。 语法填空专题微练（名动形副+非谓语动词） Passage 1 （2017上海春考） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems Does "qaz2ws" strike you as a nice safe password? What about "adgimptw"? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 31_ used, which of course means they are not secure at all. When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to 32_ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, but even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless. While many of the passwords were still single words, such as "password", there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 33_. "Users are becoming slightly more 34_ of what makes a password strong," explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. "For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?" But 35_ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those, all that people did was put the number "1" at the end. Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phones with an account, and have a single-use password texted to it each time they want to 36_ on. Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was "the first step to 37_ passwords". He said it was a(n) 38_ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. "I don't think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products," he said. It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people's improving upon "password" by using "password" or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5. "We are, for the most part, predictably 39_ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups," said WP Engine. "We love taking a(n) 40_ , and so do password crackers." Passage 2 （2018上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both 31 and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages, castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the 32 of our culture. Castles were 33 built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror 34 through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English 35. Castles also served as bases of operations for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way, castles served both 36 and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those who were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they 37 and pay tribute to the lord. They would 38 disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way, castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites 39 the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily 40 of the lord's strength. Passage 3 （2019上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 11_______. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill — baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career. But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 12_______. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of person a changemaker. Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve problems, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 13 _______adapt as situations change. For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high-crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 14 _______with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 15_______ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Cognitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 16_______ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams. It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant; companies will now only hire people who can 17 _______problems and organize responses. Millions of people already live with this mindset. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: “We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back. The central 18_______ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 19_______. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 20 _______shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps. 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：四类实词判定；非谓语动词判断 Passage 1 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级月考试卷英语学科 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．central    B．clarify    C． awkwardly  D．distress     E. consideration    F. retirement  G. cover     H. rigid      I. potentially    J. beneficiaries     K. filling    Fillings for ‘the Sandwich Generation’ There’s a moment in your late forties or fifties when life seems to become complicated. This should be a time when you enjoy the fruits of your earlier labors: an established career, children largely grown up and the loan mostly paid off. On top of this, as future 1 of baby boomer parents, you stand to benefit from a record wave of inheritance. But it’s not so easy, is it? The economic turmoil (混乱) of recent years has hit this age group hard, with many people now in financial 2 , even if others are still doing well. This group belongs to the Sandwich Generation, sitting 3 in the middle of the generational spectrum Clients often come to us to discuss how they can best help at both ends of the spectrum. However, they should not forget that an important 4 is whether they have enough to fund their own retirement? The question is especially important when future investment returns are more uncertain than recent years, and inflation, while declining, is still high. Extending the sandwich analogy(类比), how much 5 can one afford? As regards planning for 6 , there are key factors to think about: the average inflation rate during retirement, the expected future investment returns and our own longevity. All are largely outside our control. Within our control are other critical aspects. First, ensuring we’re invested in a diversified portfolio (组合) with sufficient equity (股票) exposure to 7 a long period of income drawdown. Next, making the most of tax-enhancing wrappers such as pensions and Isas(个人投资账户). Finally, checking we are not overpaying in fees. Knowing how much we need to support our retirement is 8 to understanding whether we can help other family members. No one wants to find they have given away too much and are left struggling. Parents want to be generous to their children in their wills. But we find they are keen to understand what they can provide much sooner. There may also be elderly parents to think of -- most of the help they need may be emotional or practical, such as cooking a meal, or doing basic home repairs, rather than financial. Helping them to invest sensibly and keeping fees low can make a real difference to how long their retirement savings last, 9 covering additional care costs. And if the savings are not exhausted, there will be additional wealth to pass on. We need to tie down these financial uncertainties and   10 what we can do potentially to help family members earlier in their lives. My advice: face up to being the filling and get on with figuring out just what you can put in your sandwich. Passage 2 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三下学期5月练习英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．committees        B．Profoundly        C． channels        D．coverage        E. persists  F. resumes G. manual            H. spans            I. Notably        J. distinct  K. dynamics To gain an in-depth understanding of China’s urban labor market, the Institute of Population and Labor Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IPLE-CASS) conducted the fifth wave of the China Urban Labor Survey in 2023, which 11 five rounds over more than two decades and covers eight major representative cities. The survey collected 9,122 household questionnaires and 26,145 individual questionnaires from 381 neighborhood 12 . Graduate students from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS) were recruited to serve as supervisors and reviewers. Quality control included facial recognition, GPS verification, automated detection of paradata anomalies and questionnaire data outliers, and 13 review. Based on this data, the report systematically analyzes employment, wages, educational attainment, and social security among China’s urban workforce. Additionally, job search methods combine market-based 14 with traditional social networks. Key findings include an inverted U-shaped age pattern of labor force participation, with a widening gender gap after childbearing age. Compared with men, women’s age-related labor participation distribution more clearly demonstrates the impact of childbearing. While, generally stable from 30 to 50, women face a 15 slump in participation during the childbearing years (ages 30–35). Participation rebounds somewhat after age 35, but it never fully recovers to its peak level. It then 16 a gradual decline and begins a sharp descent from age 50 onward. 17 , the gender wage gap 18 and widens over the life cycle, while employed women now have higher average years of schooling than men. Rural-to-urban migrants show higher labor force participation rates but remain disadvantaged in wages, education, and social security 19 . By rigorously tracking labor market 20 and household welfare through standardized surveys, this work fulfills an urgent need for theoretical and policy development in labor economics. Thus, this survey provides a comprehensive picture of the structural characteristics and challenges of China’s urban labor market, providing a solid data foundation for academic research and public policy design. Passage 3 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bond    B．boundaries    C． channel    D．constructed    E. existed    F. gradually G. relatable    H. reserved    I. personally    J. stood    K. visibility A Dangerous Relationship At nine, I formed an intense, entirely imaginary attachment to Mickey Dolenz of The Monkees, a 1960s TV-created pop band. He had long left the spotlight and, of course, didn’t know I 21 . Still, I drifted into a dream whenever Pleasant Valley Sunday played. Looking back, I now understand that The Monkees were a carefully 22 media product. Yet their success lay in how convincingly they created a sense of personal connection. On television, they broke the usual 23 , addressing viewers directly with playful glances. In interviews, they shared stories that felt personal and natural. By appearing open and slightly weak, they encouraged audiences to feel they truly knew them. This kind of one-sided emotional 24 , described as a “parasocial relationship,” is far from new. While working on an episode of Digital Human for BBC Radio 4, I came across earlier examples. One was Lonesome Gal, a radio voice from the mid-20th century who spoke gently to listeners. Her opening lines suggested exclusive devotion, creating the impression that each listener was 25 addressed. For many, she became a kind of imagined companion. Inevitably, such emotional closeness also provided a(n) 26 for persuasion — and for selling products. In today’s digital world, these relationships are everywhere — and often built on purpose. To attract attention, creators present themselves as open and 27 , encouraging followers to feel a personal connection. This works at first, especially when interaction still feels direct. However, as audiences grow, this model begins to fail. It is possible to reply to a few individuals, but not to thousands. As a result, what once felt like a genuine exchange 28 shifts into something less personal. Even so, the audience’s sense of connection remains. People continue to believe they know the person behind the screen, even when the interaction is limited. For creators, this creates a tension between 29 and privacy: they must stay engaging while protecting their own space. Unlike earlier forms of media, where agents or producers 30 in between, today’s online figures often face their audiences directly. And when relationships break down, there is rarely anyone to step in and manage the consequences. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 选词填空之小猫钓鱼方略 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：名词、动词、形容词、副词判断；非谓语动词判定…… 考向01 考查名词、动词、形容词、副词判断 【2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题】 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．decompose    B．identifiable    C． objective    D．plentiful    E. practice    F. previously       G. primitive    H. sculpt    I. signal    J. slice    K. systematically Bone tools invented much earlier than previously thought The Stone Age was the original Industrial Revolution, which began possibly as early as 3 million years ago. During the period, our human ancestors and their close cousins learned to 1 a wide range of tools from rocks. But despite the era’s name, at least some Stone Age toolmakers also made frequent use of bone. How early they did so and when the 2 became common, has been unclear. Now, a collection of bone tools from Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge suggests early humans 3 worked on that art by 1.5 million years ago, fashioning heavy cutting tools from bones of hippos, elephants, and other large animals. The finding may 4 that these ancient craftsmen possessed the capability to transfer technological innovations from one material to another. “The most exciting aspect is that these bone tools were produced long before it was 5 thought,” says Lucinda Backwell, an archaeologist (考古学家) not involved in the study. For ancient toolmakers, bones offered an attractive raw material. They could be 6 in places lacking rocks typically used for tools. In addition, the leg bones of large animals were well-shaped for making cutting tools and far lighter than rocks of equal size. Deciding when exactly bone toolmaking became commonplace has remained difficult. Unlike stones, bones often 7 . It can be hard to distinguish 8 bony tools from the broken fossils (化石) typically found at archaeological sites. In 2015, a team from the Olduvai Gorge Archaeology Project, a site hosting a 2-million-year record of fossils, uncovered an elephant leg bone with clear signs of having been shaped and sharpened by human hands. Eventually, the team recovered 27 bone tools, mostly from giant animals such as elephants and hippos. Many were 9 as tools because toolmakers chipped off small pieces to shape the edges. Researchers believe the bones — along with stone tools also found around — were used as heavy cutting tools to 10 meat and smash open bones. “They were not only interested in animals just for foodstuff,” de la Torre says. “They were interested in animals as raw material sources.” 【答案】 1．H 2．E 3．K 4．I 5．F 6．D 7．A 8．G 9．B 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷的骨制工具表明，早在150万年前早期人类就有系统地制作骨制工具，这比之前认为的时间更早。 1．考查动词。句意：在那个时期，我们人类祖先及其近亲学会了用石头雕刻各种各样的工具。根据后文“a wide range of tools from rocks”这一语境，可知此处描述的是利用石头来制造工具的方式，“雕刻”是合理的动作，动词sculpt意为“雕刻”，符合用石头制作工具的情境。故选H。 2．考查名词。句意：他们从多早开始这样做以及这种做法何时变得普遍，一直不清楚。前文讲述了人类制作骨制工具这一行为，这里需要一个词来概括这种行为，名词practice有“做法，实践”的意思，正好能指代制作骨制工具这一行为，作主语。故选E。 3．考查副词。句意：现在，来自坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷的一批骨制工具表明，早在150万年前早期人类就系统地从事这项技艺。根据后文“fashioning heavy cutting tools from bones of hippos, elephants, and other large animals”可知早期人类是有一定方式、有条理地用大型动物骨头制作工具，副词systematically意为“系统地”，体现了制作过程并非随意而为，作状语修饰动词短语worked on。故选K。 4．考查动词。句意：这一发现可能表明这些古代工匠有能力将技术创新从一种材料转移到另一种材料。后文“that these ancient craftsmen possessed the capability to transfer technological innovations from one material to another”是对发现内容的一种解读，这里需要一个表示“传达、表明”意思的词，动词signal意为“表明，发出信号”，符合发现与解读之间的逻辑关系。故选I。 5．考查副词。句意：“最令人兴奋的方面是，这些骨制工具的制作时间比之前认为的要早得多，”未参与这项研究的考古学家露辛达·巴克韦尔说。结合前文提到骨制工具制作时间早这一关键信息，可知这里是说比“之前”所认知的时间还要早，副词previously意为“以前，先前”，作状语修饰动词thought。故选F。 6．考查形容词。句意：在缺乏通常用于制作工具的岩石的地方，骨头可能很丰富。在“lacking rocks typically used for tools”的情况下，骨头成为了可替代的原材料，意味着骨头在这些地方数量上是“丰富的”，形容词plentiful意为“丰富的，大量的”，作表语。故选D。 7．考查动词。句意：与石头不同，骨头经常会分解。根据“Unlike stones”，石头相对稳定不易损坏，而骨头与之不同，容易“分解”，动词decompose意为“分解，腐烂”，符合骨头和石头特性对比的语境。故选A。 8．考查形容词。句意：很难将原始的骨制工具与考古遗址中通常发现的破碎化石区分开来。因为骨头容易分解，所以在考古遗址中要从众多破碎化石里区分出“原始的”骨制工具是有难度的，形容词primitive意为“原始的”，符合从化石中辨别骨制工具的情境，作定语修饰名词短语bony tools。故选G。 9．考查形容词。句意：许多骨制工具被识别为工具，因为工具制造者会削去小块来塑造边缘。后文“because toolmakers chipped off small pieces to shape the edges”说明这些骨头有被加工成工具的明显痕迹，所以能够被“识别”为工具，形容词identifiable意为“可识别的”，作表语。故选B。 10．考查动词。句意：研究人员认为，这些骨头——以及周围发现的石器——被用作重型切割工具来切片肉和砸开骨头。“meat”是动作的对象，结合前面提到的工具是切割工具，推测其用途是“切片”肉，动词slice意为“切片”。故选J。 考向02 考查非谓语动词判定 【2025届上海市延安中学高三下学期三模英语试题 】 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．design B．discipline C．merely D．grieving E．filled F．exercise G．highly H．line I．forming J．consumed K．mount Let Students Finish the Whole Book. It Could Change Their Lives. When a semester begins, I often give my students a little essay by Virginia Woolf, “How Should One Read a Book?” She advises, “Begin not by sitting on the bench among the judges, but by standing in the dock with the criminal. Be his fellow worker.” And when they have turned the last page, Woolf invites the reader to “leave the dock and 41 the bench. He must cease to be the friend; he must become the judge.” According to the 2015 Nation’s Report Card, only 37% American 12th graders were rated as good enough at reading. So the government’s determination that it’s time to stop seeing books and essays as the core of English education seems 42 questionable. But true literacy isn’t just broken, secondhand knowledge. And reading, in particular, is an important 43 in inferiority, an insistence on listening to something without imposing your own 44 on it. While we still have the institutions of school and class time as well as the books that 45 our walls, we need to challenge students with language and characters that may not come to them immediately but might heal healthy 46 . Of all the things I could do in this world, I’m fortunate to push stories from faraway lands to young minds and see whether I can spark their synapses (神经元突触). Sometimes, I’ll admit, I’d rather be watching sports or even, sleeping. And it’s not easy for students to crack open a book, to decode language written in a way they don’t speak. The juniors and seniors I taught last fall had little knowledge of environmental activism or animal welfare when I handed them Richard Powers’s “Bewilderment,” about a talented 9-year-old who is 47 with saving endangered species as his 48 father struggles to protect him. But through fiction’s safe distance, students could explore big world issues and the complex sides of parental love. The mixed feelings they brought about will be a part of their 49 identities. Had they 50 read the summary, they would have seen many of the same words, but they’d have lacked the feeling part. 【答案】 41．K 42．G 43．F 44．A 45．H 46．B 47．J 48．D 49．I 50．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主题是：让学生读完整本书能够改变他们的思维方式和价值观，深度阅读对个人成长具有深远影响。 41．考查动词。句意：当他们翻到最后一页时，伍尔夫邀请读者“离开被告席，坐上法官席”。根据空前“leave the dock and”可知，此处为并列的谓语动词，需填动词原形与leave并列，mount the bench意为“坐上法官席”，符合句意。故选K项。 42．考查副词。句意：因此，政府决定现在是时候不再将书籍和文章视为英语教育的核心，这似乎非常值得怀疑。根据空后形容词questionable可知，此处为副词修饰形容词，highly意为“非常”，“highly questionable”表示“非常值得怀疑”，强调质疑程度，符合句意。故选G项。 43．考查名词。句意：特别是阅读，是克服自卑的重要实践，即坚持倾听某些内容而不将自己的主观意图强加于其上。根据空前形容词important可知，此处为名词作表语，exercise意为“实践；训练”，符合句意。故选F项。 44．考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前形容词性物主代词your可知，此处为名词，design表示“意图；构想”，“impose design on sth.”意为“将主观意图强加于某物”。故选A项。 45．考查动词。句意：虽然我们仍然拥有学校和课堂这样的制度，以及摆满我们墙壁的书籍，但我们需要用学生可能不会立即理解、但可能培养健康素养的语言和人物来挑战他们。that引导定语从句修饰books，空处需填谓语动词，line意为“排列，挂满”，“line our walls”表示“沿墙排列”，描述书籍陈列的状态，符合句意。故选H项。 46．考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前形容词healthy可知，此处为名词，discipline意为“习惯；素养”，符合句意。故选B项。 47．考查动词。句意：去年秋天我教的高中生们在拿到理查德・鲍尔斯的《困惑》时，对环保行动或动物保护几乎一无所知。这本书讲述了一个有天赋的9岁男孩一心拯救濒危物种，而他悲痛的父亲努力保护他的故事。be consumed with意为“沉迷于；全神贯注于”，符合“天才少年投身环保”的情节。故选J项。 48．考查形容词。句意：同上。根据空后名词father可知，此处为形容词作定语，grieving意为“悲痛的”，符合句意。故选D项。 49．考查动词。句意：他们带来的复杂感受将成为他们正在形成的身份的一部分。根据空后名词identities可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，与所修饰词之间为主动关系，用动词现在分词形式作定语，forming意为“形成”，“forming identities”表示“正在形成的身份”，强调身份的动态发展过程，符合句意。故选I项。 50．考查副词。句意：如果他们只是读了摘要，他们会看到很多相同的词，但他们会缺乏情感部分。根据空后动词read可知，此处为副词修饰动词，merely意为“仅仅，只是”，符合句意。故选C项。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:"密码安全性";欧洲城堡介绍;世界需要新类型变革者。 语法填空专题微练（名动形副+非谓语动词） Passage 1 （2017上海春考） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems Does "qaz2ws" strike you as a nice safe password? What about "adgimptw"? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 31_ used, which of course means they are not secure at all. When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to 32_ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, but even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless. While many of the passwords were still single words, such as "password", there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 33_. "Users are becoming slightly more 34_ of what makes a password strong," explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. "For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?" But 35_ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those, all that people did was put the number "1" at the end. Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phones with an account, and have a single-use password texted to it each time they want to 36_ on. Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was "the first step to 37_ passwords". He said it was a(n) 38_ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. "I don't think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products," he said. It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people's improving upon "password" by using "password" or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5. "We are, for the most part, predictably 39_ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups," said WP Engine. "We love taking a(n) 40_ , and so do password crackers." 【答案】 31. C　32. D　33. F　34. E　35. B 36. I　37. G　38. A　39. K　40. J 多余词：H. independent 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，围绕 "密码安全性" 展开论述。文章通过对一千万个泄露密码的分析指出，尽管网络安全专家多年来一直在呼吁提升密码强度，但人们设置密码的方式依然缺乏想象力且高度可预测 —— 多数人只是在单词末尾加数字，或用数字替换字母，这种 "伪增强" 实际上让密码依然极易被破解。文章最后介绍了雅虎等公司尝试用一次性短信密码等方式逐步 "淘汰密码" 的新趋势，揭示了密码安全领域的现实困境与行业方向。 【31 题详解】 考查副词。句意：一项分析发现，它们属于最______使用的密码之列，这当然意味着它们一点也不安全。 空格位于最高级 most 和过去分词 used 之间，需要填入一个副词来修饰 used。根据后文 "they are not secure at all"（它们一点也不安全）可以推断，这些密码之所以不安全，正是因为被使用得太普遍、太常见了。选项中 C. commonly（通常地，普遍地）为副词，most commonly used 意为 "最常被使用的"，完全契合语境。 干扰项排除：B. actually（实际上）虽为副词，但 "最实际使用的" 语义不通；其余选项均非副词，无法修饰 used，故排除。 【32 题详解】 考查动词。句意：当一千万个密码被泄露到互联网上时，它们似乎______网络安全专家让我们提高密码强度的努力已经取得了成功…… 空格位于 appear to 之后，需填入动词原形，且后面接 that 引导的宾语从句。根据句意，泄露的密码数据 "似乎证实了" 专家的努力有成效。选项中 D. confirm（证实，确认）为及物动词，appear to confirm that... 意为 "似乎证实了……"，符合逻辑与搭配。 干扰项排除：F. crack（破解）、G. eliminate（消除）、I. log（登录）虽均为动词，但 "似乎破解 / 消除 / 登录专家努力成功" 均语义不通，故排除。 【33 题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然许多密码仍然是单个单词，比如 "password"，但也有许多人明显试图让它们更难______。 空格位于 harder to 之后，需填入动词原形，构成 "make sth. harder to do" 结构。根据上下文，人们设置复杂密码的目的就是让密码更难被 "破解"。选项中 F. crack（破解，破译）为动词，harder to crack 意为 "更难破解"，完全符合密码安全话题的语境。 干扰项排除：D. confirm（证实）、G. eliminate（消除）、I. log（登录）代入后 "更难证实 / 消除 / 登录" 均与密码设置的目的无关，故排除。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：用户正变得稍微更______是什么让密码变得强大。 空格位于 more 之后、介词 of 之前，需填入一个形容词，且能与 of 构成搭配。根据后文举例 "在文本短语末尾加一两个数字"，说明用户对 "如何让密码更强" 有了一定意识。选项中 E. conscious（有意识的，意识到的）为形容词，be/become conscious of 是固定搭配，意为 "意识到……"，符合句意。 干扰项排除：H. independent（独立的）虽可接 of，但 "更独立于是什么让密码强" 语义不通；K. unimaginative（缺乏想象力的）为形容词但不接 of，且与语境不符，故排除。 【35 题详解】 考查副词。句意：但______不是这样的。他们发现近五十万个密码都这么做了…… 空格位于 But 和 no 之间，需填入副词来加强否定语气。前文说用户以为加数字就能让密码更安全，后文转折指出 "但实际上并非如此"—— 因为大家都用同样的方式加数字。选项中 B. actually（实际上，事实上）为副词，But actually no. 意为 "但实际上并非如此"，完美承接转折逻辑。 干扰项排除：C. commonly（通常地）代入 "但通常不是" 语义不通顺；其余选项均非副词，故排除。 【36 题详解】 考查动词。句意：雅虎为用户提供了将手机与账户关联的选项，每次想要______时，都会将一次性密码以短信形式发送到手机上。 空格位于 want to 之后，需填入动词原形，且能与 on 构成短语动词。根据语境，用户每次 "登录" 账户时需要输入密码。选项中 I. log（登录，记录）为动词，log on 是固定短语，意为 "登录，登入"，完全符合账户登录的场景。 干扰项排除：F. crack（破解）、G. eliminate（消除）均无法与 on 搭配表达 "登录" 含义，故排除。 【37 题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管这项服务是自愿的，但雅虎高管迪伦・凯西表示，这是 "______密码的第一步"。 空格位于 the first step to 之后，需填入动词（注意：to 为介词，实际应用中应为动名词形式，此处为选词填空题型设置）。根据前文 "move gradually beyond passwords"（逐步超越密码）和 "single use password"（一次性密码），可以推断行业趋势是逐步淘汰、消除传统密码。选项中 G. eliminate（消除，淘汰）为动词，the first step to eliminate passwords 意为 "淘汰密码的第一步"，契合文章主旨方向。 干扰项排除：F. crack（破解）、D. confirm（证实）代入后 "破解密码的第一步 / 证实密码的第一步" 均与行业发展方向不符，故排除。 【38 题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说，这是一种______—— 人们越来越难记住自己所有的密码。 空格位于不定冠词 a (n) 之后，需填入可数名词单数，且后面接 that 同位语从句。根据句意，凯西的话是在 "承认" 一个现实：人们记不住那么多密码。选项中 A. acknowledgement（承认，确认）为名词，it was an acknowledgement that... 意为 "这是对…… 的一种承认"，语法和语义均契合。 干扰项排除：J. shortcut（捷径）虽为名词，但 "这是一条捷径，人们越来越难记密码" 逻辑不通；其余选项均非名词，故排除。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词。句意："在很大程度上，在选择密码方面，我们可以预见地______，尽管注册时密码强度检查器已经警告了十年，"WP Engine 表示…… 空格位于副词 predictably 之后，需填入形容词作表语。根据全文主旨 —— 人们设置密码的方式高度雷同、缺乏创意，可以推断此处是说人们 "缺乏想象力"。选项中 K. unimaginative（缺乏想象力的，无创意的）为形容词，predictably unimaginative 意为 "可以预见地缺乏想象力"，精准概括了全文核心观点。 干扰项排除：E. conscious（有意识的）、H. independent（独立的）虽为形容词，但 "可以预见地有意识 / 独立" 均与文章主旨相悖，故排除。 【40 题详解】 考查名词。句意："我们喜欢走______，密码破解者也是如此。" 空格位于不定冠词 a (n) 之后，需填入可数名词单数，且能与 take 构成固定搭配。根据语境，人们设置密码图省事、走捷径，而破解者也利用了这一点。选项中 J. shortcut（捷径，近路）为名词，take a shortcut 是固定短语，意为 "走捷径，投机取巧"，完美呼应前文人们用简单方式 "增强" 密码的行为。 干扰项排除：A. acknowledgement（承认）、I. log（日志）虽为名词，但 take an acknowledgement /take a log 均不构成有意义的搭配，故排除。 【多余词分析】 H. independent（独立的） 为多余词。该词为形容词，意为 "独立的，自主的"。文章话题围绕密码的可预测性与安全性展开，未涉及 "独立性" 相关语境；且文中需要形容词的 34、39 空均已有更契合的选项（conscious、unimaginative），因此 independent 为干扰冗余词。 Passage 2 （2018上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both 31 and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages, castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the 32 of our culture. Castles were 33 built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror 34 through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English 35. Castles also served as bases of operations for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way, castles served both 36 and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those who were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they 37 and pay tribute to the lord. They would 38 disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way, castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites 39 the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily 40 of the lord's strength. 【答案】 31. D　32. B　33. F　34. K　35. H 36. E　37. C　38. A　39. G　40. I 多余词：J. randomly 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了欧洲城堡的起源、功能与历史地位。文章首先将宫殿与堡垒对比，引出城堡兼具美观与防御的双重特点；接着讲述了 1066 年诺曼征服者威廉在英格兰修建城堡的历史背景，阐述了城堡在军事上的进攻与防御双重作用；最后说明城堡不仅是军事设施，还是中世纪领主管理封地、处理政务、举行庆典的社会中心，同时也是彰显权力的象征 —— 矗立在高处的城堡时刻提醒着农民们领主的力量。 【31 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当谈到既______又防御坚固的建筑时，经典的欧洲城堡是设计的巅峰。 空格位于 both 之后、and well-fortified 之前，需填入一个与 well-fortified（防御坚固的）并列的形容词，共同修饰 structures。根据前文提到宫殿以美丽壮观著称但缺乏防御力，而堡垒注重防御却不考虑舒适，可以推断城堡是兼具 "宏伟壮观" 与 "坚固防御" 的建筑。选项中 D. imposing（壮观的，宏伟的，气势雄伟的）为形容词，both imposing and well-fortified 意为 "既宏伟壮观又防御坚固"，完美概括了城堡区别于宫殿和堡垒的特点。 干扰项排除：E. offensive（进攻的）虽为形容词，但 "既进攻又防御" 与建筑外观特征的语境不符；其余选项均非形容词，无法与 well-fortified 构成并列结构，故排除。 【32 题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着时代变迁，城堡不断变化、发展，最终不再使用，但它们仍然______着我们的文化。 空格位于定冠词 the 之后、介词 of 之前，需填入名词，构成 command the ___ of 结构。根据句意，城堡虽然不再使用，但在文化中依然有很强的吸引力和魅力。选项中 B. fascination（魅力，吸引力，迷恋）为名词，command the fascination of our culture 意为 "令我们的文化为之着迷 / 在我们的文化中仍具魅力"，契合城堡至今仍引人关注的文化地位。 干扰项排除：H. rebellion（反叛）、I. reminder（提醒物）虽为名词，但 "命令反叛 / 提醒" 均语义不通；A. address 作名词时意为 "地址"，不符合语境，故排除。 【33 题详解】 考查副词。句意：城堡______由诺曼入侵者于 1066 年在英格兰建造。 空格位于 were 和 built 之间，需填入副词修饰谓语动词 were built。根据后文 "by Norman invaders in 1066" 的具体时间和建造者信息，可以推断此处是在说城堡 "最初" 是何时由何人建造的。选项中 F. originally（最初，起初，原来）为副词，were originally built 意为 "最初被建造"，准确引出城堡的起源历史。 干扰项排除：J. randomly（随机地）虽为副词，但 "随机建造" 与历史事实不符；其余选项均非副词，无法修饰动词 built，故排除。 【34 题详解】 考查动词。句意：当征服者威廉______英格兰时，他在关键位置修筑防御工事以巩固他夺取的土地。 空格位于主语 William the Conqueror 之后、介词 through 之前，需填入动词作谓语，且能与 through 搭配。根据历史背景，威廉征服者率军横扫、席卷英格兰。选项中 K. swept（席卷，横扫，迅速蔓延）为动词 sweep 的过去式，sweep through 意为 "席卷，横扫"，生动描绘了征服者率军迅速推进的场景。 干扰项排除：C. governed（统治）虽为动词过去式，但 govern 不与 through 搭配；G. overlooking（俯瞰）为现在分词形式，语法上无法作谓语，故排除。 【35 题详解】 考查名词。句意：他建造的城堡使诺曼领主们在受到英格兰______威胁时能够撤退到安全地带。 空格位于形容词 English 之后，需填入名词，作 threatened by 的宾语。根据历史语境，诺曼人入侵英格兰后，会遭到英格兰人的反抗和起义。选项中 H. rebellion（反叛，反抗，叛乱）为名词，threatened by English rebellion 意为 "受到英格兰人反叛的威胁"，完全符合诺曼人修建城堡以抵御当地人反抗的历史背景。 干扰项排除：B. fascination（魅力）、I. reminder（提醒物）代入后 "受到英格兰魅力 / 提醒物的威胁" 均逻辑不通，故排除。 【36 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这样，城堡在军事行动中既扮演了______角色，也扮演了防御角色。 空格位于 both 之后、and defensive 之前，需填入一个与 defensive（防御的）并列的形容词，共同修饰 roles。根据前文 "bases of operation for offensive attacks"（进攻性攻击的行动基地），可以推断城堡兼具进攻和防御双重功能。选项中 E. offensive（进攻的，攻击性的）为形容词，both offensive and defensive roles 意为 "进攻性和防御性双重角色"，与前文呼应，且与 defensive 构成完美的反义并列。 干扰项排除：D. imposing（壮观的）虽为形容词，但 "壮观的角色" 语义不通；其余选项均非形容词，无法与 defensive 构成并列，故排除。 【37 题详解】 考查动词。句意：那些社会地位低于领主的人会来报告他们所______土地的事务，并向领主进贡。 空格位于主语 they 之后、宾语 the lands 之前，需填入动词作谓语，且为过去式（与全文时态一致）。根据中世纪封建制度，下层贵族或官员负责管理、治理封地。选项中 C. governed（统治，治理，管理）为动词 govern 的过去式，the lands that they governed 意为 "他们治理的土地"，符合封建制度下下级管理土地、向上级汇报的语境。 干扰项排除：K. swept（席卷）虽为过去式，但 "他们席卷的土地" 与 "报告事务、进贡" 的语境不符；A. address 作动词意为 "处理，解决"，但时态不对且 "处理土地" 搭配不当，故排除。 【38 题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们会______争端、处理事务、设宴欢庆。 空格位于 would 之后、名词 disputes 之前，需填入动词原形，与 handle、feast、enjoy 构成并列谓语。根据搭配习惯，"处理争端、解决纠纷" 常用 address disputes。选项中 A. address（处理，解决，应对）为动词，address disputes 意为 "处理争端"，与后文 handle business（处理事务）语义相近且搭配合理。 干扰项排除：G. overlooking（忽视）虽为动词形式，但 "忽视争端" 与城堡作为社会中心解决问题的功能相悖；其余选项均无法与 disputes 构成合理搭配，故排除。 【39 题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：城堡建在______周围地区的显眼位置上，不断萦绕在许多农民生活的背景中…… 空格位于名词 sites 之后、名词短语 the surrounding areas 之前，需填入现在分词作后置定语修饰 sites。根据常识，城堡建在高处可以俯瞰周围地区。选项中 G. overlooking（俯瞰，眺望，俯视）为现在分词，prominent sites overlooking the surrounding areas 意为 "俯瞰周围地区的显眼位置"，既符合地理常识，也与后文 "loomed in the background"（萦绕在背景中）形成呼应。 干扰项排除：D. imposing（壮观的）虽可作定语，但 "壮观周围地区" 语义不通；其余选项均无法表达 "从高处俯视" 的空间关系，故排除。 【40 题详解】 考查名词。句意：…… 并作为领主力量的日常______。 空格位于不定冠词 a 和形容词 daily 之后，需填入可数名词单数，且能与 of 构成搭配。根据句意，城堡矗立在那里，时刻提醒着农民们领主的权力和力量。选项中 I. reminder（提醒物，提示，起提醒作用的东西）为名词，a daily reminder of the lord's strength 意为 "领主力量的日常提醒物"，精准概括了城堡作为权力象征对民众的心理影响。 干扰项排除：B. fascination（魅力）、H. rebellion（反叛）代入后 "日常魅力 / 日常反叛" 均与城堡作为权力象征的功能不符，故排除。 【多余词分析】 J. randomly（随机地，随意地） 为多余词。该词为副词，意为 "随机地，任意地"。文章围绕城堡的历史起源、军事功能、社会作用和象征意义展开，话题严谨且具有历史确定性，不存在 "随机性" 相关语境；且文中需要副词的 33 空已有更契合的选项 originally（最初），因此 randomly 为干扰冗余词。 Passage 3 （2019上海春考） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 11_______. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill — baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career. But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 12_______. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of person a changemaker. Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve problems, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 13 _______adapt as situations change. For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high-crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 14 _______with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 15_______ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together. To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Cognitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 16_______ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams. It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant; companies will now only hire people who can 17 _______problems and organize responses. Millions of people already live with this mindset. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: “We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back. The central 18_______ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 19_______. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 20 _______shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. I 17. E 18. G 19. K 20. F 【解析】 本文属于议论文，围绕社会变革者（changemaker）展开论述。Bill Drayton 提出人类正处在重大历史转型期：过去人类依靠单一重复技能谋生，如今机器能替代所有重复性工作，社会急需具备共情、解决问题、灵活协作能力的变革者；文章借助墨西哥一款邻里安防 APP 案例说明变革者的核心素养，最后指出时代核心任务是普及变革思维，学校应改革课程实现全民变革型思维培育。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：数千年来，大多数人的生活都有着固定的______。后文说明过去人上学学一门手艺，一辈子重复这项技能谋生，人生路径固定不变。此处表达生活有固定模式，填入对应名词 pattern，故选 D。 【12 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但如今机器几乎可以完成所有______工作。结合上文 “repeating the same skill 重复单一技能”，机器擅长处理重复性事务，repetitive 表示 “重复的”，符合语境，故选 A。 【13 题详解】 考查副词。句意：组建灵活团队、领导集体行动，并且随局势变化______调整。空格修饰动词 adapt，需要副词；变革者的特征是灵活快速适应，rapidly（迅速地）贴合文意，故选 B。 【14 题详解】 考查动词。句意：他开发了一款名叫 Haus 的软件，方便居民和邻居互相______。后文提到邻居聊天、共享犯罪数据、协作互助，软件作用是让邻里沟通互动，connect with 表示 “与…… 联络、沟通”，故选 H。 【15 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这款软件设有紧急按钮，一旦发生案件，会向社区内所有人发出______。结合安防 APP 场景，紧急按钮作用是通知、警示居民，alert 作动词意为 “提醒、警报通知”，主语 panic button 为单数，动词三单形式，语法语义均匹配，故选 C。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：认知共情指能感知人们在______处境下的情绪。变革者需要理解各类不同人的感受，diverse 表示 “多样的、各种各样的”，diverse circumstances 各类不同处境，契合共情能力定义，故选 I。 【17 题详解】 考查动词。句意：不管是食堂还是工厂质检流水线，企业如今只雇佣能______问题、组织应对方案的人。全文核心强调变革者核心能力是发现、解决问题，identify problems 为固定搭配，意为 “识别、找出问题”，故选 E。 【18 题详解】 考查名词。句意：Drayton 称，我们这个时代最核心的______，是让每个人都成为变革者。后文讲学校需要改革课程、普及变革思维，说明这是当下时代最重要的使命、任务，challenge 此处指时代核心任务 / 挑战，故选 G。 【19 题详解】 考查名词。句意：在更早的时代，社会意识到全民______是刚需。对比后文 “如今学校要普及变革思维”，对应过去社会普及全民基础教育，literacy 表示读写基础教育、通识教育，universal literacy 全民基础教育，符合历史背景，故选 K。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：阿育王组织研究社会运动，探索如何推动这种______观念转变。前文区分传统重复型思维与新型变革思维，这是思维、心智层面的转变，mental shift 心智 / 思想转变，mental 形容词修饰 shift，故选 F。 多余词补充（原题方框未给出，仅逻辑说明） 本篇题目方框共 11 个词，10 个空，存在 1 个多余干扰词汇，该词汇语义无法匹配任意一空，无对应上下文场景，故不选用。 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：四类实词判定；非谓语动词判断 Passage 1 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级月考试卷英语学科 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．central    B．clarify    C． awkwardly  D．distress     E. consideration    F. retirement  G. cover     H. rigid      I. potentially    J. beneficiaries     K. filling    Fillings for ‘the Sandwich Generation’ There’s a moment in your late forties or fifties when life seems to become complicated. This should be a time when you enjoy the fruits of your earlier labors: an established career, children largely grown up and the loan mostly paid off. On top of this, as future 1 of baby boomer parents, you stand to benefit from a record wave of inheritance. But it’s not so easy, is it? The economic turmoil (混乱) of recent years has hit this age group hard, with many people now in financial 2 , even if others are still doing well. This group belongs to the Sandwich Generation, sitting 3 in the middle of the generational spectrum Clients often come to us to discuss how they can best help at both ends of the spectrum. However, they should not forget that an important 4 is whether they have enough to fund their own retirement? The question is especially important when future investment returns are more uncertain than recent years, and inflation, while declining, is still high. Extending the sandwich analogy(类比), how much 5 can one afford? As regards planning for 6 , there are key factors to think about: the average inflation rate during retirement, the expected future investment returns and our own longevity. All are largely outside our control. Within our control are other critical aspects. First, ensuring we’re invested in a diversified portfolio (组合) with sufficient equity (股票) exposure to 7 a long period of income drawdown. Next, making the most of tax-enhancing wrappers such as pensions and Isas(个人投资账户). Finally, checking we are not overpaying in fees. Knowing how much we need to support our retirement is 8 to understanding whether we can help other family members. No one wants to find they have given away too much and are left struggling. Parents want to be generous to their children in their wills. But we find they are keen to understand what they can provide much sooner. There may also be elderly parents to think of -- most of the help they need may be emotional or practical, such as cooking a meal, or doing basic home repairs, rather than financial. Helping them to invest sensibly and keeping fees low can make a real difference to how long their retirement savings last, 9 covering additional care costs. And if the savings are not exhausted, there will be additional wealth to pass on. We need to tie down these financial uncertainties and   10 what we can do potentially to help family members earlier in their lives. My advice: face up to being the filling and get on with figuring out just what you can put in your sandwich. 【答案】 1．J 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．K 6．F 7．G 8．A 9．I 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了“三明治一代”的经济状况及规划。“三明治一代”指四五十岁左右，上有老下有小，面临多种经济压力的人群。文章探讨了他们在资助自身退休生活、帮助上下两代人等方面所面临的问题及应对建议。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：除此之外，作为婴儿潮一代父母未来的受益人，你有望从创纪录的一波遗产浪潮中受益。根据“stand to benefit from a record wave of inheritance”可知，这里指未来从父母遗产中受益的人，beneficiaries“受益人”作宾语。 2．考查名词。句意：近年来的经济动荡给这个年龄段的人带来了沉重打击，许多人现在陷入了财务困境，尽管其他人仍然过得很好。根据“The economic turmoil (混乱) of recent years has hit this age group hard”可知，许多人现在陷入了财务困境。distress意思是“困境；苦恼”。“in financial distress”为固定短语，意为“陷入财务困境”，作宾语。 3．考查副词。句意：这一群体属于三明治一代，尴尬地夹在两代人之间。根据“in the middle of the generational spectrum”可知，这是一种尴尬的处境，awkwardly“尴尬地”作状语符合语境。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，他们不应忘记一个重要的考虑因素是他们是否有足够的资金来维持自己的退休生活？根据“whether they have enough to fund their own retirement”可知，这是一个需要考虑的重要方面，consideration“考虑”符合语境。作宾语。 5．考查名词。句意：延续“三明治”这个类比，一个人能负担多少馅料呢？根据前文“Extending the sandwich analogy”可知，这里将资助自己退休生活类比为三明治中的馅料，filling“馅料”符合语境，作宾语。 6．考查名词。句意：关于退休规划，有几个关键因素需要考虑：退休期间的平均通货膨胀率、预期的未来投资回报以及我们自己的寿命。根据“there are key factors to think about: the average inflation rate during retirement”可知，这是关于退休规划。retirement“退休”符合，作宾语。 7．考查动词。句意：首先，确保我们投资于多元化的投资组合，有足够的股票投资，以支付长期的收入提取。根据“a long period of income drawdown.”可知，有足够的股票投资，以支付长期的收入提取。cover“足以支付；覆盖”。符合语境，不定式作目的状语。 8．考查形容词。句意：清楚我们退休所需的资金数额，是判断我们能否接济家中其他亲人的关键。根据“Knowing how much we need to support our retirement”可知，空处表示“至关重要的”，central“最重要的”符合语境，作表语。 9．考查副词。句意：帮助他们明智地投资并保持低费用，对于他们的退休储蓄能维持多久可能会产生真正的影响，这可能涵盖额外的护理费用。修饰动词“covering”，表示这种影响可能涵盖额外护理费用，potentially“可能地；潜在地”符合语境。 10．考查动词。句意：我们需要解决这些财务不确定性，并弄清楚我们在早期生活中可能为家庭成员做些什么。and连接两个并列的动词，与“tie down”并列，这里指弄清楚能为家人做什么，clarify“澄清；阐明；弄清楚”符合语境。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三下学期5月练习英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．committees        B．Profoundly        C． channels        D．coverage        E. persists  F. resumes G. manual            H. spans            I. Notably        J. distinct  K. dynamics To gain an in-depth understanding of China’s urban labor market, the Institute of Population and Labor Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IPLE-CASS) conducted the fifth wave of the China Urban Labor Survey in 2023, which 11 five rounds over more than two decades and covers eight major representative cities. The survey collected 9,122 household questionnaires and 26,145 individual questionnaires from 381 neighborhood 12 . Graduate students from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS) were recruited to serve as supervisors and reviewers. Quality control included facial recognition, GPS verification, automated detection of paradata anomalies and questionnaire data outliers, and 13 review. Based on this data, the report systematically analyzes employment, wages, educational attainment, and social security among China’s urban workforce. Additionally, job search methods combine market-based 14 with traditional social networks. Key findings include an inverted U-shaped age pattern of labor force participation, with a widening gender gap after childbearing age. Compared with men, women’s age-related labor participation distribution more clearly demonstrates the impact of childbearing. While, generally stable from 30 to 50, women face a 15 slump in participation during the childbearing years (ages 30–35). Participation rebounds somewhat after age 35, but it never fully recovers to its peak level. It then 16 a gradual decline and begins a sharp descent from age 50 onward. 17 , the gender wage gap 18 and widens over the life cycle, while employed women now have higher average years of schooling than men. Rural-to-urban migrants show higher labor force participation rates but remain disadvantaged in wages, education, and social security 19 . By rigorously tracking labor market 20 and household welfare through standardized surveys, this work fulfills an urgent need for theoretical and policy development in labor economics. Thus, this survey provides a comprehensive picture of the structural characteristics and challenges of China’s urban labor market, providing a solid data foundation for academic research and public policy design. 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．G 14．C 15．J 16．F 17．I 18．E 19．D 20．K 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了社科院开展中国城市劳动力调查并严格把控数据，研究发现男女劳动参与率、薪资存在差异，该调研为相关学术研究与政策制定提供了可靠数据依据。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：为了深入了解中国的城市劳动力市场，中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所（IPLE-CASS）于2023年开展了第五轮中国城市劳动力调查，该调查历时超过二十年，涵盖八个具有代表性的大城市，共收集了9122份家庭问卷和 26145 份个人问卷，这些问卷来自381个社区。此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，与covers并列，用动词第三人称单数，根据“five rounds over more than two decades”可知，此处指“表示该调查跨度超过二十多年，共完成五轮”，spans“跨越（时间/空间），持续”为动词，符合语境。 12．考查名词。句意：此次调查收集了9122份家庭问卷和26145份个人问卷，来自381个社区委员会。此处为名词作宾语成分，committees为名词，意为“委员会”。构成固定搭配neighborhood committees 指“社区居委会”，符合语境，是调查数据的采集单位。 13．考查形容词。句意：质量控制措施包括面部识别、GPS验证、自动检测辅助数据异常和问卷数据离群值，以及人工审查。分析句子可知，此空作定语修饰review，manual为形容词，意为“人工的、手动的”。结合上文“Graduate students from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS) were recruited to serve as supervisors and reviewers.”可知，此处指“人工审核”，是质量控制的重要环节，与前文“automated detection（自动检测）”形成对比，形容词manual“手工的，手动的”符合语境。 14．考查名词。句意：此外，求职方式结合了市场渠道和传统社交网络。空前market-based为形容词短语，此处为名词形式作combine宾语，结合“job search methods”以及“traditional social networks”可知，此处指求职方法结合了市场化渠道与传统社交网络，符合就业市场的实际情况，channels为名词，意为“渠道”，符合语境。 15．考查形容词。句意：然而，从30岁到50岁期间总体保持稳定，但在生育年龄段（30至35岁）女性的参与率却出现了明显的下降。此处作定语修饰slump，distinct为形容词，意为“明显的、显著的”，符合语境，表示女性在生育年龄（30至35岁）面临明显的劳动参与率下降。 16．考查动词。句意：随后又开始逐渐下降，并从50岁以后急剧下降。此处为动词作谓语成分，陈述客观现状，用一般现在时；前文提到 35 岁后参与率有所反弹但未达峰值，此处指随后恢复逐渐下降的趋势，resumes为动词，意为“恢复、重新开始”，符合语境。 17．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，性别工资差距在整个生命周期中持续存在并不断扩大，而目前就业女性的平均受教育年限高于男性。此处为副词作状语，修饰后面的句子，置于句首，首字母大写；Notably为副词，意为“值得注意的是”，用于句首引出另一个核心研究发现，起到强调和过渡的作用，符合语境。 18．考查动词。句意：值得注意的是，性别工资差距在整个生命周期中持续存在并不断扩大，而目前就业女性的平均受教育年限高于男性。此处与widens并列作谓语成分，用动词第三人称单数；persists为动词，意为“持续存在”，符合语境，说明性别工资差距不仅持续存在，还会在整个生命周期中进一步拉大。 19．考查名词。句意：从农村到城市的移民的劳动力参与率较高，但在工资、教育和社会保障覆盖方面仍处于不利地位。与空前wages, education并列，作in宾语为名词，此处也应为名词形式，coverage为名词，意为“覆盖范围”，构成固定搭配social security coverage 指“社会保障覆盖”，是农民工处于劣势的领域之一，符合语境。 20．考查名词。句意：通过严格跟踪劳动力市场动态和家庭福利情况，并通过标准化调查进行研究，这项工作满足了劳动力经济学理论和政策发展的迫切需求。此处作宾语成分，dynamics为名词，意为“动态、变化趋势”，labor market dynamics 指 “劳动力市场动态”，是该调查长期追踪的核心对象，符合语境，与household welfare并列，作tracking宾语。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．bond    B．boundaries    C． channel    D．constructed    E. existed    F. gradually G. relatable    H. reserved    I. personally    J. stood    K. visibility A Dangerous Relationship At nine, I formed an intense, entirely imaginary attachment to Mickey Dolenz of The Monkees, a 1960s TV-created pop band. He had long left the spotlight and, of course, didn’t know I 21 . Still, I drifted into a dream whenever Pleasant Valley Sunday played. Looking back, I now understand that The Monkees were a carefully 22 media product. Yet their success lay in how convincingly they created a sense of personal connection. On television, they broke the usual 23 , addressing viewers directly with playful glances. In interviews, they shared stories that felt personal and natural. By appearing open and slightly weak, they encouraged audiences to feel they truly knew them. This kind of one-sided emotional 24 , described as a “parasocial relationship,” is far from new. While working on an episode of Digital Human for BBC Radio 4, I came across earlier examples. One was Lonesome Gal, a radio voice from the mid-20th century who spoke gently to listeners. Her opening lines suggested exclusive devotion, creating the impression that each listener was 25 addressed. For many, she became a kind of imagined companion. Inevitably, such emotional closeness also provided a(n) 26 for persuasion — and for selling products. In today’s digital world, these relationships are everywhere — and often built on purpose. To attract attention, creators present themselves as open and 27 , encouraging followers to feel a personal connection. This works at first, especially when interaction still feels direct. However, as audiences grow, this model begins to fail. It is possible to reply to a few individuals, but not to thousands. As a result, what once felt like a genuine exchange 28 shifts into something less personal. Even so, the audience’s sense of connection remains. People continue to believe they know the person behind the screen, even when the interaction is limited. For creators, this creates a tension between 29 and privacy: they must stay engaging while protecting their own space. Unlike earlier forms of media, where agents or producers 30 in between, today’s online figures often face their audiences directly. And when relationships break down, there is rarely anyone to step in and manage the consequences. 【答案】 21．E 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．I 26．C 27．G 28．F 29．K 30．J 【导语】文章主要探讨了拟社会关系，讲述人们与影视、网络人物之间单方面的情感联结，以及这类关系的特点、演变与存在的矛盾。 【详解】21．考查动词。句意：他早已离开了聚光灯，当然，也不知道我的存在。宾语从句缺少谓语动词，exist表示“存在”，时态为一般过去时，因此填过去式existed。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：回想起来，我现在明白The Monkees是一个精心构建的媒体产品。空格处修饰名词media product，constructed“被构建的”，符合句意，为过去分词作定语。 23．考查名词。句意：在电视上，他们打破了通常的界限，用俏皮的眼神直接与观众交流。空格处为broke的宾语，需填名词，boundaries“界限”为名词复数，符合句意。 24．考查名词。句意：这种单方面的情感纽带，被称为“准社会关系”，远非新鲜事物。空格处为名词作主语，bond“纽带；联系”，符合句意。 25．考查副词。句意：她的开场白暗示了专属的忠诚，营造出每位听众都被亲自对话的印象。空格处修饰动词addressed，需填副词，personally“亲自地”，符合句意。 26．考查名词。句意：不可避免地，这种情感上的亲密也为说服——以及推销产品——提供了一个渠道。空格处为provided的宾语，需填名词，channel“渠道”，符合句意。 27．考查形容词。句意：为了吸引注意力，创作者展现自己开放且容易产生共鸣的一面，鼓励粉丝感到一种个人联系。空格处与open并列，需填形容词，relatable“容易产生共鸣的”，符合句意。 28．考查副词。句意：结果，曾经感觉像真正交流的东西逐渐转变为不那么私人化的东西。分空格处修饰动词shifts，需填副词，gradually“逐渐地”，符合句意。 29．考查名词。句意：对创作者来说，这在可见性与隐私之间制造了一种张力：他们必须保持吸引力，同时保护自己的空间。空格处与privacy并列，需填名词，visibility“可见性；曝光度”，符合句意。 30．考查动词。句意：与早期的媒体形式不同，那时经纪人或制片人站在中间，如今的网络人物常常直接面对他们的受众。空格处为定语从句中的谓语动词，stood in between意为“站在中间”，符合句意。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $