专题08 定语从句（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测.

**基本信息** 聚焦定语从句核心考向，通过分层演练构建从基础到语篇的知识逻辑，融合新情境与名校真题，提升语言运用与跨文化理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|30题（含10道关系代词、10道关系副词填空及10道翻译）|单句语法填空+汉译英，明确标注考查重点|从关系代词（which/who/whom等）到关系副词（where/when等），再到翻译运用，形成"概念理解-语法应用-语言表达"递进链条| |重难·创新演练|3篇语法填空（社会科学/中外文化等新情境）|语篇填空，设题结合真实话题|在语篇中综合考查关系词选择，强化语境分析与逻辑推理能力| |真题·实战演练|2篇名校真题（格致/控江中学）|真实语料语法填空，融合高频考点|对接高考命题趋势，通过真题强化定语从句在不同题材中的灵活运用|

第08讲 定语从句 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：关系代词的基本用法，定语从句在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 考查定语从句关系代词用法 1．The only decision really matters is how you choose to spend your time each day. (用适当的词填空) 2．The celebrated architect, innovative designs young creators deeply admire, has just won the prestigious award. (用适当的词填空) 3．The researcher led the experiment insisted that all data be checked twice before publication. (用适当的词填空) 4．There is a festival customs bridge different cultures and promote mutual understanding. (用适当的词填空) 5．Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. （用适当的词填空） 6．Nobody knows the exact number of people and cattle were killed in the flood. (用适当的词填空) 7．Otherwise, you’ll need to find a local studio can be expensive. (用适当的词填空) 8．The research group includes 15 experts, of five have over 20 years of experience in AI. (用适当的词填空) 9．According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as…(用适当的词填空) 10．This would be impossible without clocks and watches, are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPods. (用适当的词填空) 考向02 考查定语从句关系副词用法 11．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 12．In the era of social media, the precise moment a viral trend peaks and begins to fade is incredibly difficult to identify. (用适当的词填空) 13．The joke about her accent can amount to an occasion she no longer dares to speak. (用适当的词填空) 14．They followed our suggestion and chose the same restaurant we usually celebrate birthdays. (用适当的词填空) 15．The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 16．What I want to know is the reason stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. (用适当的词填空) 17．But right now, we are in a socially awkward time of handshake uncertainty, some people are comfortable shaking hands and some are not. (用适当的词填空) 18．Since the late 1970s, daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. （用适当的词填空） 19．Dubai, human’s dream meets reality, is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates. (用适当的词填空) 20．We’re going to host a national food festival, you can sample every kind of delicious cuisine. (用适当的词填空) 考向03 考查定语从句在句子翻译中的运用 21．这款应用软件操作简便且功能强大，深受年轻人的喜爱。(which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 22．春暖花开的四月是欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最佳时机。（when) （汉译英） 23．昨天王教授提到的那篇文章是关于我所不熟悉的“远程手术”。(unfamiliar) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 24．新闻圈是个信息繁杂，内容常常真伪难辨的领域。(where) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25．这座节气主题文化馆，陈设古朴典雅，参观者可体悟自然节律，感受中华智慧。(whose) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 26．拥有百年历史的大同中学坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 27．这座依水而建的展馆，设计独具匠心，参观者可沉浸式感受历史，错峰体验文化。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 28．正如之前预料的一样，参与家长会的很多家长自告奋勇承担了校园检查员的职务。(as) (汉译英) 29．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 30．你为什么会认为他能够在这个高手如云的赛场中可以不费吹灰之力就能重现往日辉煌呢？(where) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 重难·创新演练 设题创新:社会科学共通之处;中外文化交流；重新专注最初目标 语法填空专题微练（定语从句） Passage 1 【新情境·社会科学共通之处】Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge 1 content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. Some students believe that the social sciences are somehow 2 (scientific) than the physical and life sciences, but social scientists use the same methods that all scientists do: observation, experimentation, testing of scientific theories, and reporting on the results of experiments. If you decide to major in a social science, you should expect to conduct your own research and keep yourself 3 (equip) with related information. Passage 2 【新情境·中外文化交流】I came to China to tell stories through videos but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I 4 (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. 5 (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the 6 (high) literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor, 7 has opened new access to my cultural exchange. Passage 3 【新情境·重新专注最初目标】I sat in my professor’s office and spoke out everything that had been troubling me for months: the stress and the self-doubt. He calmly listened and said, “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That sentence opened something up. This experience marked a turning point, 8 I realized the need to refocus on my initial purpose. I 9 (seek) to worry less, and every project became a meaningful step forward and a story worth sharing, whether it failed or succeeded. 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：过去时，完成时；过去时被动语态 Passage 1 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练英语试题 What If You’re Not Good at English? Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers. For a PhD student, that can mean 1 (spend) up to 19 additional working days per year just reading papers. These statistics, 2 (publish) today in PLOS Biology, might not be shocking, researchers say, but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics   3 are not fluent in English. “It is the first step for the scientific community   4 (make) more efforts to solve this problem”, says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a co-author of the study. The team found that among scientists who had published only one paper in English, scientists from countries   5 English is generally poor spent 29.8 percent more time writing papers than native English speakers; 6 from countries with moderate English proficiency (能力) spent 50.6% more time. Similarly, the researchers found that people from countries with low English proficiency spent an average of 90.8 percent more time reading scientific articles   7 native English speakers. At conferences, even those who overcome obstacles face difficulties in presenting their work in English. Germana Barata, a researcher who 8 (specialize) in science communication at the State University of Campinas in Brazil, says that despite being fluent in English, she still feels uncomfortable at times. “We   9 (give) the same amount of time to present, but all that we can say in 10 minutes is different from   10 a native speaker can say,” she points out. Passage 2 【来源】上海市控江中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练英语试题 Tea Art It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese,   1 used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty. Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident 2 (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like 3 (add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people 4 (appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except 5 it is made of tea rather than milk.” Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty, 6 tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi. Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine 7 (powder) tea creating a mixture. Then more hot water is added slowly 8 the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities 9 be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today. This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha 10 (list) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第08讲 定语从句 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 考查定语从句关系代词用法 1．that 2．whose 3．who/that 4．whose 5．as 6．that 7．which/that 8．whom 9．who 10．which 考向02 考查定语从句关系副词用法 11．where 12．when 13．where/on which 14．where 15．when 16．why 17．when/ as/because /since 18．when 19．where 20．when 考向03 考查定语从句在句子翻译中的运用 21．This app, which is easy to operate and powerful, is deeply loved by young people. 22．April when the spring flowers bloom is the perfect time (the optimum/ optimal time) to enjoy the beauty of this southern town. April, when it gets warmer and flowers start blooming, is the best time to appreciate the beautiful scenery of this southern town. 23．The article mentioned by Professor Wang yesterday is about “remote surgery” that I am unfamiliar with. 24．The world of journalism is a field where information is overwhelming and the truth of the content is often hard to distinguish. 25．This cultural hall themed with solar terms, whose furnishings are simple and elegant, enables visitors to understand natural rhythms and feel Chinese wisdom. 26．The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. 27．This exhibition hall built by the water, which is ingeniously designed, allows visitors to immerse themselves in history and experience culture during off-peak hours. 28．As was expected beforehand, many parents who attended the parents’ meeting volunteered to take on the responsibility of campus inspectors. 29．My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 30． Why do you think he can regain his past glory without any effort in this competition where there are numerous excellent players? 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 【答案】1．whose 2．less scientific 3．equipped Passage 2 【答案】4．have travelled/have traveled 5．Receiving 6．highest 7．which Passage 3 【答案】 8．where/when 9．sought 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 1．spending 2．published 3．who/that 4．to make 5．where 6．those 7．than 8．specializes/is specialized 9．are given 10．what Passage 2 1．which 2．has used 3．adding 4．appreciate 5．that 6．when 7．powdered 8．as/when/while 9．can 10．was listed 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第08讲 定语从句 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：关系代词的基本用法，定语从句在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 考查定语从句关系代词用法 1．The only decision really matters is how you choose to spend your time each day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唯一真正重要的决定就是你每天如何安排自己的时间。定语从句修饰先行词decision，在从句作主语，且由the only修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。 2．The celebrated architect, innovative designs young creators deeply admire, has just won the prestigious award. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位著名的建筑师刚刚获得了这一著名奖项，他的创新设计深受年轻创作者的钦佩。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰先行词architect，表示所属关系，因此需要关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 3．The researcher led the experiment insisted that all data be checked twice before publication. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：主导这项实验的研究人员坚持要求所有数据在发表前都要核对两遍。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The researcher，指人，且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 4．There is a festival customs bridge different cultures and promote mutual understanding. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有这样一个节日，其习俗搭建起了不同文化间沟通的桥梁，促进了相互理解。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a festival，与从句中的customs构成所属关系，即“节日的习俗”，需用关系代词whose作定语修饰customs。故填whose。 5．Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大理是背包客的温馨之地，被戏称为“大理弗尼亚”。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cozy destination，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有such修饰，所以用关系代词as引导定语从句。故填as。 6．Nobody knows the exact number of people and cattle were killed in the flood. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：没有人知道在洪水中丧生的人和牲畜的确切数量。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“people and cattle”，既指人又指物，在从句中作主语，只能使用关系代词that。故填that。 7．Otherwise, you’ll need to find a local studio can be expensive. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：否则，你就需要找一个当地的摄影棚，这可能会很贵。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a local studio，指物，且在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 8．The research group includes 15 experts, of five have over 20 years of experience in AI. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该研究小组共有15名专家，其中5位拥有超过 20 年的人工智能领域工作经验。空处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为experts，表示人，作介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 9．According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as…(用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据米兰大学的弗朗西斯科·卢卡尼奥教授（他主导了这项研究）所述，核心信息应当是：短暂的体育活动，比如……。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Dr Francesco Luciano指人，且从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词who在从句中作主语。故填who。 10．This would be impossible without clocks and watches, are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPods. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果没有时钟和手表，这是不可能的，它们无处不在：墙上、手腕上、个人电脑上，甚至手机和iPod上。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是“clocks and watches”，指物，关系词作从句的主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 考向02 考查定语从句关系副词用法 11．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该团队的研究已到了关键时刻，在这个阶段，一项实验就能决定他们最终的成败。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a critical point，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 12．In the era of social media, the precise moment a viral trend peaks and begins to fade is incredibly difficult to identify. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在社交媒体时代，一个迅速走红的潮流达到顶峰并开始消退的确切时刻很难确定。此处先行词为定语从句，先行词moment表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 13．The joke about her accent can amount to an occasion she no longer dares to speak. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where/on which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：关于她口音的那个玩笑，可能会让她陷入一种再也不敢开口的境地。空处引导定语从句，先行词为occasion（场合，处境），表示抽象地点概念。从句中缺少地点状语，故需用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”引导。where在此相当于on which，其中which指代先行词occasion，常与介词on搭配，表示“在某种场合或处境下”。故填where/on which。 14．They followed our suggestion and chose the same restaurant we usually celebrate birthdays. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们采纳了我们的建议，选择了我们通常庆祝生日的那家餐厅。此处引导定语从句，先行词为 the same restaurant，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。 15．The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：呼吸频率的减慢有助于青蛙在食物难以寻觅的漫长冬季节省能量。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“long winters”，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when。故填when。 16．What I want to know is the reason stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想知道的是，为什么在新英格兰的田地周围用石头墙而不是篱笆呢?分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是reason，指原因，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，所以空处需用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。 17．But right now, we are in a socially awkward time of handshake uncertainty, some people are comfortable shaking hands and some are not. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/ as/because /since 【详解】考查定语从句/状语从句。句意：但现在，我们正处于一个握手不确定的社交尴尬时期，有些人握手很舒服，有些人则不舒服。分析句子结构，空处可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time，先行词指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句；结合语意，空处可表原因，使用连词as/because/since引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，均符合句意。故填when/as/because/since。 18．Since the late 1970s, daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自20世纪70年代晚期以来，年轻人的抽烟率已经下降了，那时每天吸烟的高中生达到了30%。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the late 1970s，关系词代替它在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 【点睛】 19．Dubai, human’s dream meets reality, is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：迪拜是人类梦想与现实相遇的地方，是阿联酋人口最多的城市。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Dubai为表地点的名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 20．We’re going to host a national food festival, you can sample every kind of delicious cuisine. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将举办全国美食节，届时你可以品尝到各种美味佳肴。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a national food festival，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 考向03 考查定语从句在句子翻译中的运用 21．这款应用软件操作简便且功能强大，深受年轻人的喜爱。(which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This app, which is easy to operate and powerful, is deeply loved by young people. 【详解】句子可看作是描述当前的情况，时态用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为主从复合句，主句为“这款应用软件深受年轻人的喜爱”，“操作简便且功能强大”可用which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“这款应用软件”；主句中主语“这款应用软件”可用名词短语this app，谓语“深受……的喜爱”可用动词短语be deeply loved by，“年轻人”可用名词短语young people；从句中which代替先行词this app作主语，“操作简便”可用形容词短语be easy to do和动词operate搭配，“功能强大”可用形容词powerful。 22．春暖花开的四月是欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最佳时机。（when) （汉译英） 【答案】April when the spring flowers bloom is the perfect time (the optimum/ optimal time) to enjoy the beauty of this southern town. April, when it gets warmer and flowers start blooming, is the best time to appreciate the beautiful scenery of this southern town. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“四月是欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最佳时机”处理为主句，“做某事的最好时机/时间”表达为the best/perfect/optimum/optimal time to do sth.，“欣赏”表达为appreciate/enjoy，“这个南方小镇的美景”表达为 the beauty of this southern town；“春暖花开的”处理为修饰April的定语从句（限制性和非限制性都可以），表达为the spring flowers bloom/ it gets warmer and flowers start blooming，先行词April在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为April when the spring flowers bloom is the perfect time (the optimum/ optimal time) to enjoy the beauty of this southern town.或April, when it gets warmer and flowers start blooming, is the best time to appreciate the beautiful scenery of this southern town. 23．昨天王教授提到的那篇文章是关于我所不熟悉的“远程手术”。(unfamiliar) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】The article mentioned by Professor Wang yesterday is about “remote surgery” that I am unfamiliar with. 【详解】根据句意以及提示词可知，表示“那篇文章”为名词The article；后接非谓语动词作后置定语修饰article，表示“提到”的动词mention和article为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，所以“昨天王教授提到的那篇文章”可译为The article mentioned by Professor Wang yesterday；表示“是”为系动词is；表示“关于”为介词about；表示“远程手术”应为名词短语remote surgery；后接that引导的定语从句对该先行词remote surgery的修饰，从句中，表示“对……不熟悉”应为动词短语be unfamiliar with；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。 24．新闻圈是个信息繁杂，内容常常真伪难辨的领域。(where) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The world of journalism is a field where information is overwhelming and the truth of the content is often hard to distinguish. 【详解】“新闻圈”用名词短语the world of journalism作主语；“领域”用名词field作表语；“信息繁杂，内容常常真伪难辨”用where引导的定语从句修饰先行词a field，where在从句中作地点状语，其中“信息”用名词information作从句主语，“繁杂”用形容词overwhelming作从句表语；“内容的真实性” 用名词短语the truth of the content作并列分句主语，“常常” 用副词often作状语，“真伪难辨” 用形容词短语hard to distinguish作分句表语，两个分句由and连接。描述客观情况，用一般现在时。 25．这座节气主题文化馆，陈设古朴典雅，参观者可体悟自然节律，感受中华智慧。(whose) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This cultural hall themed with solar terms, whose furnishings are simple and elegant, enables visitors to understand natural rhythms and feel Chinese wisdom. 【详解】本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。表示主语“这座节气主题文化馆”为 This cultural hall themed with solar terms，其中过去分词作后置定语；“陈设古朴典雅”指“文化馆的陈设古朴典雅”，用whose引导的定语从句whose furnishings are simple and elegant，修饰先行词This cultural hall；表示“使参观者能够体悟自然节律、感受中华智慧”为 enables visitors to understand natural rhythms and feel Chinese wisdom，主语This cultural hall为单数，谓语enable用第三人称单数。 26．拥有百年历史的大同中学坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. 【详解】考查定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“拥有百年历史的大同中学”应用The century-old Datong high school；表示“坐落于”应用be located in，主语为单数名词，be动词用is；表示“市中心”应用the city center；表示“馆藏丰富”应用whose collection is extensive，此处为whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The century-old Datong high school，关系词在定语从句中作定语；表示“读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍”应用“readers can find a variety of rare books here”；前后两句话为并列句，需用连词and连接。故翻译成：The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. 27．这座依水而建的展馆，设计独具匠心，参观者可沉浸式感受历史，错峰体验文化。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This exhibition hall built by the water, which is ingeniously designed, allows visitors to immerse themselves in history and experience culture during off-peak hours. 【详解】表示“这座依水而建的展馆”应用this exhibition hall built by the water，built by the water为过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词this exhibition hall，二者为逻辑动宾关系；表示“设计独具匠心”应用which is ingeniously designed，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词exhibition hall，在定语从句中作主语；表示“允许某人做某事”应用allow sb.to do sth.，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；表示“参观者”应用visitors；表示“沉浸于”应用immerse themselves in，位于动词不定式符号to后面，immerse使用动词原形；表示“体验文化”应用experience culture during off-peak hours。 28．正如之前预料的一样，参与家长会的很多家长自告奋勇承担了校园检查员的职务。(as) (汉译英) 【答案】As was expected beforehand, many parents who attended the parents’ meeting volunteered to take on the responsibility of campus inspectors. 【详解】考查定语从句，时态和固定短语。根据句意可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“正如之前预料的一样”是as was expected beforehand，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，“很多家长”是many parents，“参与家长会的”用who引导定语从句，修饰many parents，“参与家长会”是attended the parents’ meeting，“自告奋勇做某事”是volunteered to do，“承担了……的职务”是take on the responsibility of，“校园检查员”是campus inspectors，因此整句话翻译为“As was expected beforehand, many parents who attended the parents’ meeting volunteered to take on the responsibility of campus inspectors”。故答案为As was expected beforehand, many parents who attended the parents’ meeting volunteered to take on the responsibility of campus inspectors. 29．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，根据提示词whom可知，本句应为主从复合句；主语“云南之行”可表达为my trip to Yunnan，“行程匆匆”可表达为though brief(为状语从句的省略，完整句子为though it was brief)，主句谓语“允许”用动词allow表达，“允许某人做某事”表达为allow sb. to do sth.，“游历了诸多胜地”表达为visit many scenic spots，“访了旧友”表达为reconnect with old friends，“交了新知”表达为make new acquaintances，visit，reconnect和make是并列成分，都为不定式作宾补，为避免重复，后面两个动词短语省略不定式符号to；“共话教育新篇章”处理为非限制性定语从句，从句主语是I，谓语“讨论”表达为discuss，“与某人讨论某事”表达为discuss sth. with sb.，先行词是new acquaintances，在从句中作介词with的宾语，为了表达清晰，可将介词with提到句首，用关系代词whom作引导词，“教育的新篇章”表达为the new chapter of education。综上，故翻译为My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 30．你为什么会认为他能够在这个高手如云的赛场中可以不费吹灰之力就能重现往日辉煌呢？(where) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】 Why do you think he can regain his past glory without any effort in this competition where there are numerous excellent players? 【详解】根据句意，主句用一般现在时，表示你为什么会认为，用why do you think，后面的内容为宾语，可以用宾语从句，他能够重现往日辉煌表示为“he can regain his past glory”，不费吹灰之力用介词短语without any effort，在这个比赛中表示为“in this competition”，高手如云的可以作为定语从句修饰名词competition，用where引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词competition在从句中作地点状语，高手如云表示为“ there are numerous excellent players”。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:社会科学共通之处;中外文化交流；重新专注最初目标 语法填空专题微练（定语从句） Passage 1 【新情境·社会科学共通之处】 Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge 1 content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. Some students believe that the social sciences are somehow 2 (scientific) than the physical and life sciences, but social scientists use the same methods that all scientists do: observation, experimentation, testing of scientific theories, and reporting on the results of experiments. If you decide to major in a social science, you should expect to conduct your own research and keep yourself 3 (equip) with related information. 【答案】1．whose 2．less scientific 3．equipped 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了社会科学虽各自研究人类生活的不同方面，但有很多共通之处，同时建议社科专业学生要开展自主研究、储备相关知识。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：每一门社会科学都构建一套知识体系，其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察之间关联的一般规律、原理和归纳结论构成。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a body of knowledge，空格后content与先行词为所属关系，表示“知识体系的内容”，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 2．考查形容词。句意：一些学生认为社会科学在某种程度上不如物理和生命科学科学严谨，但社会科学家使用的方法与所有科学家相同。根据后文than可知要用比较级，结合句意可知，一些学生认为社会科学没有物理和生命科学科学严谨，此处表示 “不如……严谨的”，用less scientific表示。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你决定主修社会科学，你要做好开展自主研究的准备，并随时掌握相关信息。yourself和equip之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，固定搭配keep oneself equipped with表示“使自己具备/掌握……”。 Passage 2 【新情境·中外文化交流】 I came to China to tell stories through videos but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I 4 (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. 5 (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the 6 (high) literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor, 7 has opened new access to my cultural exchange. 【答案】4．have travelled/have traveled 5．Receiving 6．highest 7．which 【导语】本文讲述作者来华 20 年，通过视频记录中国、收获经历与荣誉，促进文化交流。 【详解】4．考查动词时态。句意：自我来到这里的二十年间，我走遍了各个省份，收获了诸多别样经历：踏遍山川林海，走访偏远村落与冻土荒原，更有骑马驯鹰狩猎的独特体验。时间状语Over the past 20 years提示用现在完成时；主语 I，助动词用have，travel的过去分词为travelled/traveled。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：荣获中国政府出版奖 —— 外籍人士所能获得的最高文学荣誉，我既意外又倍感荣幸，这份荣誉也为我开展文化交流开辟了新渠道。句子缺主语，用receive的动名词形式，首字母大写。 6．考查形容词最高级。句意：同上。“最高文学荣誉”，定冠词the后用high 的最高级highest。 7．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话，用which引导。 Passage 3 【新情境·重新专注最初目标】 I sat in my professor’s office and spoke out everything that had been troubling me for months: the stress and the self-doubt. He calmly listened and said, “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That sentence opened something up. This experience marked a turning point, 8 I realized the need to refocus on my initial purpose. I 9 (seek) to worry less, and every project became a meaningful step forward and a story worth sharing, whether it failed or succeeded. 【答案】 8．where/when 9．sought 【导语】本文讲述了作者向教授倾诉困扰自己数月的压力和自我怀疑后，教授的一句话让作者豁然开朗，意识到应重新专注于最初的目标，之后作者减少担忧，将每个项目都视为有意义的进步和值得分享的故事。 8．考查定语从句。句意：这段经历标志着一个转折点，在这个转折点我意识到需要重新专注于我最初的目标。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是a turning point，可理解为抽象的地点，在从句中作地点状语，此时用关系副词where引导；也可理解为时间，在从句中作时间状语，此时用关系副词when引导。 9．考查动词时态。句意：我努力减少担忧，每个项目都成为了有意义的进步和值得分享的故事，无论它是失败还是成功。根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，seek的过去式为sought。 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：过去时，完成时；过去时被动语态 Passage 1 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练英语试题 What If You’re Not Good at English? Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers. For a PhD student, that can mean 1 (spend) up to 19 additional working days per year just reading papers. These statistics, 2 (publish) today in PLOS Biology, might not be shocking, researchers say, but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics   3 are not fluent in English. “It is the first step for the scientific community   4 (make) more efforts to solve this problem”, says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a co-author of the study. The team found that among scientists who had published only one paper in English, scientists from countries   5 English is generally poor spent 29.8 percent more time writing papers than native English speakers; 6 from countries with moderate English proficiency (能力) spent 50.6% more time. Similarly, the researchers found that people from countries with low English proficiency spent an average of 90.8 percent more time reading scientific articles   7 native English speakers. At conferences, even those who overcome obstacles face difficulties in presenting their work in English. Germana Barata, a researcher who 8 (specialize) in science communication at the State University of Campinas in Brazil, says that despite being fluent in English, she still feels uncomfortable at times. “We   9 (give) the same amount of time to present, but all that we can say in 10 minutes is different from   10 a native speaker can say,” she points out. 【答案】 1．spending 2．published 3．who/that 4．to make 5．where 6．those 7．than 8．specializes/is specialized 9．are given 10．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了母语不是英语的研究人员阅读一篇英语科学期刊文章的时间大约是母语人士的两倍。对于一名博士生来说，这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于一名博士生来说，这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。固定短语mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填spending。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员说，今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊，但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，publish与statistics构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填published。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：研究人员说，今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊，但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词academics，关系词在从句作主语，指人，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学的生物多样性研究员、该研究的合著者Tatsuya Amano说：“这是科学界为解决这个问题付出更多努力的第一步。”此处名词step由序数词修饰，常跟动词不定式，作后置定语。故填to make。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：研究小组发现，在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中，来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文；来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词countries，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6. 考查代词。句意：研究小组发现，在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中，来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文；来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处指代上文scientists，应用代词those。故填those。 7. 考查介词。句意：同样，研究人员发现，来自英语水平较低国家的人阅读科学文章的时间平均比以英语为母语的人多90.8%。根据上文“more time”可知，此处为比较关系，应用介词than，故填than。 8. 考查时态。句意：Germana Barata是巴西坎皮纳斯州立大学专门研究科学传播的研究员，她说尽管英语流利，但她有时仍然感到不舒服。此处可用动词specialize作谓语，根据后文says可知，应用一般现在时，定语从句与先行词保持一致，用三单形式；或用短语be specialized in表示“专门从事于”。故填specializes或is specialized。 9. 考查时态语态。句意：她指出：“我们有同样的时间来演讲，但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”主语we与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are given。 10. 考查宾语从句。句意：她指出：“我们有同样的时间来演讲，但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市控江中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练英语试题 Tea Art It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese,   1 used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty. Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident 2 (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like 3 (add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people 4 (appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except 5 it is made of tea rather than milk.” Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty, 6 tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi. Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine 7 (powder) tea creating a mixture. Then more hot water is added slowly 8 the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities 9 be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today. This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha 10 (list) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019. 【答案】 1．which 2．has used 3．adding 4．appreciate 5．that 6．when 7．powdered 8．as/when/while 9．can 10．was listed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 “点茶”艺术的历史以及韩喆明对这一技术的传承与发展。 【详解】 1. 考查定语从句。句意：韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯茶艺术，或中国的点茶，这曾经是宋朝的一种仪式。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词dian cha进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个指物的关系代词，代替先行词dian cha在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词which。故填which。 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的六年里，这位40岁的上海居民用茶和勺子在古画的基础上创作了近200个图案。根据句意和所给动词use分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语over the past six years可知，该句子应该用现在完成时；再根据主语the 40-year-old Shanghai resident可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has used。 3. 考查动名词。句意：韩说“这就像在茶里加上铃铛和口哨，给人一种更强的场合感，所以喝茶更有趣”。根据句意和所给动词add以及空格前的介词like分析句子可知，空格处应该填入动名词adding作介词like的宾语。故填adding。 4. 考查固定搭配。句意：这也是他想让古老的仪式回归现代生活，让更多人欣赏它的魅力。根据句意和所给动词appreciate以及空格前的使役动词have分析句子可知，此处是考查固定搭配have somebody do something“让某人做某事”，其中do是省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填appreciate。 5. 考查连词。句意：它类似于一杯咖啡上面的泡沫，只是它是由茶而不是牛奶制成的。根据空格前的except和空格后的句子可知，空格处应该填入一个连词引导宾语从句，因为空格后的句子是一个完整的句子，且句意完整，所以该连词只起连接作用，没有任何意义。故填that。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶几乎成为每个人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋政治家和思想家王安石所说的，茶就像大米、油和盐等其他必需品一样。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Song Dynasty进行限定说明，因为从句中缺少时间状语，所以空格处应该填入关系副词when。故填when。 7. 考查形容词。句意：这个过程开始于将热水倒在茶叶粉末上，形成糊状。根据句意和所给名词powder以及空格后的名词tea分析句子可知，空格处应该填入powder的形容词形式powdered“粉状的”作定语，修饰后面的名词tea。故填powdered。 8. 考查时间状语从句。句意：然后慢慢加入更多的热水，同时不断手拿竹签搅动茶叶。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个时间状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词引导时间状语从句，所以应该用连词as、when或while。故填as/when/while。 9. 考查情态动词。句意：有人认为，这种方法后来传播到包括日本在内的东亚其他地区，与今天抹茶的制作方式十分相似。根据句意和空格后的be分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个助动词或情态动词，且意义为“能够”，所以应该用情态动词can。故填can。 10. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这种倒热水的动作叫点，故名点茶，2019年被列入江苏省镇江市润州区非物质文化遗产。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语in 2019可知，该句子应该用一般过去时；主语the name dian cha和动词list之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，主语是单数。故填was listed。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $